Implied (per period) interest rate between time t=0 and t=2Firstly, let's write the exchange rate between $1 and $0.
In other words, $1 = 1/$0.95.
Next, the exchange rate between $2 and $0 is $2 = 2/$0.89.
We need to find the implied (per period) interest rate between time t=0 and t=2.
We use the following formula to find implied (per period) interest rate:
r = [(1+$S1/$S0)^(1/t)] - 1, where $S1/$
S0 is the exchange rate between two currencies,
t is the number of periods (years), and r is the interest rate that equates the present value of the future payments (in the foreign currency) with their cost today in the domestic currency.
In this case,
$S1/$S0 = $2/$1 = 0.89/0.95 = 0.93684
t = 2 - 0 = 2r = [(1 + 0.93684)^(1/2)] - 1 = 0.4651 = 46.51%
the implied (per period) interest rate between time t=0 and t=2 is 46.51%.
NPV0
We need to calculate the net present value (NPV) of the project.
CF0 is the initial investment, CF1 and CF2 are the cash flows in year 1 and 2 respectively.
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Suppose Alcatel-Lucent has an equity cost of capital of 10.5%, market capitalization of $10.22 billion, and an enterprise value of $14 billion. Suppose Alcatel-Lucent's debt cost of capital is 5.5% and its marginal tax rate is 35%.
a. What is Alcatel-Lucent's WACC?
b. If Alcatel-Lucent maintains a constant debt-equity ratio, what is the value of a project with average risk and the expected free cash flows as shown here,
Year 0 1 2 3
FCF ($ million) -100 52 99 75
c. If Alcatel-Lucent maintains its debt-equity ratio, what is the debt capacity of the project in part (b)?
What is Alcatel-Lucent's WACC? The calculation of WACC of Alcatel-Lucent is given below, Firstly, we have to find the market value of equity and debt using the given data Market Value of Equity.
[tex]= $10.22 billion Market Value of Debt = $14 billion - $10.22 billion = $3.78[/tex]
[tex]billion Total value of the firm = $14 billion.[/tex]
Now, WACC can be calculated using the below formula,
[tex]WACC = ((E / V) × Re) + ((D / V) × Rd) × (1 - Tc)where,[/tex]
[tex]E = Market value of Equity V = Total value of firm D = Market value of Debt[/tex]
[tex]Re = Equity cost of capital Rd = Debt cost of capital Tc = Marginal tax rate[/tex]
Substituting the given data in the above formula, we get
[tex]WACC = ((10.22 / 14) × 10.5%) + ((3.78 / 14) × 5.5%) × (1 - 35%)[/tex]
[tex]WACC = 7.37%Therefore, Alcatel-Lucent's WACC is 7.37%.[/tex]
If Alcatel-Lucent maintains a constant debt-equity ratio, what is the value of a project with average risk and the expected free cash flows?The calculation of present value of free cash flows is given below,
[tex]Year0 1 2 3FCF($ million) -100 52 99 75WACC7.37%[/tex]
[tex]Present Value Factor 1 0.9346 0.8734 0.8169[/tex]
[tex]Present Value ($ million) -100 48.53 86.60 61.76Total
Present Value = $(-100) + $48.53 + $86.60 + $61.76 = $96.89 million[/tex]
The value of the project with average risk and the expected free cash flows is
If Alcatel-Lucent maintains its debt-equity ratio, what is the debt capacity of the project?The calculation of debt capacity of the project is given below,
[tex]Debt capacity = (Market value of Equity + Market value of Debt) × D / V
where, D / V = Debt-equity ratio = 3.78 / 10.22 = 0.3694[/tex]
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Willamson Industnes has $6 bilion in sales and 51.923 bellion in fixed assets. Currently, the company's fixed assets are operating at 9506 of capacity. a. What level of sales could Wiltamson Industries have obtained if it had bech oparating at full capacity? Enter your answer in billons of dollars. Round your answer to five decirial vloces. billion b. What is Willamson's target foxed assets/sales ratio? Do not round intermediate calculations, Round your answer to two dincinal places: स. C. If Willamson's sales incrense 8%, how large of an encrease in foxed assets will the company need to meet its tarpet foxed assets/sales ratio? Enter your answer an billions of dollars. Negative value should be indicated by a minus sign. Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to five decimal places. 5 billion
The company’s fixed assets are operating at 95% of capacity.
the level of sales Williamson Industries could have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity can be calculated as follows:
If fixed assets are operating at full capacity,
then Sales = Actual sales/Fixed assets capacity
ratio = 6/0.95 = $6.315 billion
the level of sales Williamson Industries could have obtained if it had been operating at full capacity is $6.315 billion.
The target fixed assets/sales ratio can be calculated as follows:
Target fixed assets/sales ratio = Actual fixed assets/Actual sales = 51.923/6 = 8.653
The target fixed assets/sales ratio is 8.653.
The company’s target fixed assets/sales ratio is 8.653.
if sales increase by 8%, then the company’s fixed assets must also increase to meet its target fixed assets/sales ratio.
The increase in fixed assets required can be calculated as follows:
New sales = 6(1 + 0.08) = $6.48 billion
Target fixed assets = New sales x
Target fixed assets/sales ratio = $6.48 billion x 8.653 = $56.078 billion
Increase in fixed assets = Target fixed assets – Actual fixed assets = $56.078 billion – $51.923 billion = $4.155 billion
the company will need to increase its fixed assets by $4.155 billion to meet its target fixed assets/sales ratio if its sales increase by 8%.
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Solid State sells electronic products. The controller is responsible for preparing the master budget and has accumulated the following information: Balances at January 1 are expected to be as follows: Cash Accounts receivable $5,500416,100 Inventories Accounts payable $309,400133,055 The budget is to be based on the following assumptions: 1. Each month's sales are billed on the last day of the month. 2. Customers are allowed a 3% discount if their payment is made within 10 days after the billing date. Receivables are booked at gross. 3. The company collects 60% of the billings within the discount period, 25% by the end of the month after the date of sale, and 9% by the end of the second month after the date of sale; 6% prove uncollectible. 4. It pays 54% of all materials purchases and the selling, general, and administrative expenses in the month purchased and the remainder in the following month. Each month's units of ending inventory are equal to 130% of the next month's units of sales. 5. The cost of each unit of inventory is $20. 6. Selling, general, and administrative expenses, of which $2,000 is for depreciation, are equal to 15% of the current month's sales. 7. Actual and projected sales are as follows: Instructions a. Calculate the budgeted cash disbursements during the month of February. b. Calculate the budgeted cash collections during the month of January. c. Calculate the budgeted number of units of inventory to be purchased during the month of March.
(a) Total Budgeted Cash Disbursements for February is $246,330. (b) Total Budgeted Cash Collections for January is $256,080. (c) Budgeted cost of purchases for March is $269,000
Solid State is a company that sells electronic products.
The company's controller is tasked with preparing the master budget and has accumulated the following information for that purpose:
Cash balances at January 1 are expected to be $5,500, accounts receivable are expected to be $416,100, inventory is expected to be $309,400, and accounts payable is expected to be $133,055.
The following assumptions form the basis for the budget:
Sales from each month are billed on the last day of the month.
A 3% discount is given to customers who pay within ten days of the billing date. Receivables are recorded at gross. The company collects 60% of billings within the discount period, 25% by the end of the month after the sale date, and 9% by the end of the second month after the sale date. 6% of all sales are uncollectible.
In the month of purchase, 54% of all material purchases and selling, general, and administrative costs are paid, with the remaining 46% paid in the following month.
Each month's ending inventory units are equal to 130 percent of the following month's sales.
The cost of each inventory unit is $20. In the current month, selling, general, and administrative expenses are equal to 15% of sales. Depreciation accounts for $2,000 of these expenses.
Actual and forecast sales are presented below:
a. In February, calculate the budgeted cash disbursements.
b. Calculate the budgeted cash collections for January.
c. Calculate the budgeted number of inventory units to be purchased in March.
a. Budgeted Cash Disbursements for February:
Materials purchases for February (54% of $357,000)
= $192,780
Selling, general, and administrative expenses for February (15% of $357,000)
= $53,550
Total Budgeted Cash Disbursements for February = $246,330
b. Budgeted Cash Collections for January:
Gross billings for January = $300,000
Less: 3% discount = ($300,000 × 0.03)
= $9,000 Billings
Net of Discounts = $291,000 60% collected within the discount period
= ($291,000 × 0.6)
= $174,600 25% collected within the month after the discount period
= ($291,000 × 0.25)
= $72,750 9% collected within two months of the discount period
= ($291,000 × 0.09)
= $26,190
Uncollectible amounts (6% of $291,000) = ($291,000 × 0.06)
= $17,460
Total Budgeted Cash Collections for January = $256,080
c. Budgeted Number of Inventory Units to be Purchased in March:
Sales units for March = 34,000 × 1.25
= 42,500 units
Inventory units ending in March = 42,500 × 1.3
= 55,250 units
Inventory units needed to meet sales demand in March = 55,250 – (34,000 × 1.3)
= 13,450 units
Budgeted cost of purchases for March = 13,450 × $20
= $269,000
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11. Which effort will cause a firm to lower its sustainable growth rate? A. Plowing back a high proportion of its earnings B. Achieving a high return on equity C. Increasing the current dividend per share by 50% D. Maintaining a high sales-to-total assets ratio
Previous question
The effort that will cause a firm to lower its sustainable growth rate is C. Increasing the current dividend per share by 50%.
What is it?Sustainable Growth Rate:
Sustainable growth rate is the highest growth rate that a company can sustain without having to increase debt or equity financing.
It shows the maximum rate of growth that can be maintained without leading to the financial instability of the company.
Increasing the dividend per share by 50% will cause a firm to lower its sustainable growth rate. This is because when a company increases its dividend payout ratio, it is distributing a larger proportion of earnings to shareholders and reinvesting a smaller proportion of earnings.
As a result, the retained earnings available for reinvestment in the business decreases.
This will lead to a decrease in the sustainable growth rate of the company.
Hence, option c. is correct.
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Which type of markets help companies to raise capital for the first time: Select one: a. Money market b. Primary market c. Secondary market d. Stock market
In the primary market, companies are able to raise capital for the first time through the issuance of new securities. The correct option is B. Primary market.
The primary market is a market for new issues or new securities. This means that it is a market in which companies or firms can raise new funds or capital by issuing securities such as shares, debentures, bonds, or any other type of instrument. These new securities are sold directly to investors through underwriters who buy the securities from the issuer and then sell them to investors on a commission basis.
The secondary market, on the other hand, is the market in which existing securities or financial instruments are traded. These are the securities that have already been issued and are now being bought and sold by investors.
The stock market, which is a type of secondary market, is the market in which shares of publicly traded companies are bought and sold by investors. It is not a market that helps companies raise capital for the first time. The correct option is B. Primary market.
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in a given time period, a person consumes more and more of a good or service and, as a result, enjoys each additional unit less and is willing to pay less of each additional unit, this behavior is consistent with the law of
The behavior you described, where a person consumes more of a good or service but enjoys each additional unit less and is willing to pay less for each additional unit, is consistent with the law of diminishing marginal utility.
The law of diminishing marginal utility states that as a person consumes more and more of a good or service within a given time period, the additional satisfaction or utility they derive from each additional unit decreases.This means that the more of a good or service a person consumes, the less value they place on each additional unit.For example, let's consider a person eating slices of pizza.
At first, the person may enjoy the first few slices and find them very satisfying. However, as they continue eating more slices, they may start to feel full and the enjoyment or utility they derive from each additional slice decreases. They may even reach a point where they are no longer willing to pay as much for each additional slice.This behavior is consistent with the law of diminishing marginal utility, which explains how our preferences change as we consume more of a good or service.
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A bank offers 5.00% on savings accounts. What is the effective annual rate if interest is compounded monthly? Answer format: Percentage Round to: 4 decimal places (Example: 9.2434%, % sign required. Will accept decimal format rounded to 6 decimal places (ex: 0.092434) )
In order to calculate the effective annual rate on a savings account, we need to use the following formula:
EAR = (1 + i/n)^n - 1
Where EAR is the effective annual rate, i is the annual interest rate, and n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year.
Given that a bank offers an annual interest rate of 5.00% on savings accounts and the interest is compounded monthly, we need to first calculate the monthly interest rate.
i = 5.00% = 0.05n = 12 (since the interest is compounded monthly)
So, the monthly interest rate is:
i/n = 0.05/12 = 0.0041667
Now we can use the above formula to calculate the effective annual rate.
EAR = (1 + i/n)^n - 1EAR = (1 + 0.0041667)^12 - 1EAR = (1.0041667)^12 - 1EAR = 0.051161898 or 5.1162%
(rounded to 4 decimal places and expressed as a percentage)
The effective annual rate of interest for the savings account is 5.1162%.
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1. what is ricardian equivalence? give at least three reasons ricardian equivalence might not correctly describe an economy.
Ricardian equivalence is an economic theory that suggests that changes in government borrowing and taxation will not have an effect on the economy because individuals will adjust their behavior in anticipation of future tax liabilities.
However, there are several reasons why Ricardian equivalence might not correctly describe an economy:Imperfect information: The theory assumes that individuals have perfect information about future tax liabilities. In reality, individuals may not have complete knowledge of future tax changes or may have different interpretations of the information they receive. This can lead to inaccurate expectations and behavior that does not align with Ricardian equivalence.
Time inconsistency: The theory assumes that individuals have a consistent preference for saving over time. However, people's preferences and behaviors can change over time due to various factors such as income fluctuations, changes in financial circumstances, or changes in economic conditions. This time inconsistency can lead to a deviation from Ricardian equivalence.
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When a firm operates in multiple geographic markets simultaneously it is said to be implementing a product diversification strategy. A) True B) False Question 32 (1.2 points) Multipoint competition exists when two or more diversified firms simultaneously compete in multiple markets, and multipoint competition can serve to facilitate a particular type of tacit collusion called mutual forbearance. A) True B) False Question 33 (1.2 points) Institutional owners are usually pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, or other groups of investors that have joined together to manage their investments. A) True B) False
When a firm operates in multiple geographic markets simultaneously, it is said to be implementing a product diversification strategy. This statement is true.
A product diversification strategy is a strategy where a company expands its business operations by introducing new products or services in new markets.
When a company operates in multiple markets simultaneously, it is implementing a product diversification strategy.
Product diversification strategy allows a company to expand its operations and reduce its risks by spreading them across multiple markets.
A diversified firm that simultaneously competes in multiple markets is referred to as a multipoint competitor.
Multipoint competition exists when two or more diversified firms simultaneously compete in multiple markets, and multipoint competition can serve to facilitate a particular type of tacit collusion called mutual forbearance.
This statement is true.
Institutional owners are usually pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, or other groups of investors that have joined together to manage their investments. This statement is also true.
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In ascertaining whether a borrower has the ability to pay off his loan over time, a mortgage bank may rely on calculating a total debt ratio as part of its underwriting process. Using the following information, calculate the total debt ratio: monthly principal and interest on mortgage loan: $635; monthly tax and insurance payments into escrow: $125; monthly car lease payment (lease term is 3 years): $350; gross monthly income: $2,500. 25.4%
30.4%
44.4%
53.2%
If an ascertaining whether a borrower has the ability to pay off his loan over time. The total debt ratio is: C. 44.4%.
What is the total debt ratio?First step is to determine the borrower's total monthly debt payments
Total monthly debt payments = Monthly mortgage payment + Monthly tax and insurance payments + Monthly car lease payment
Total monthly debt payments = $635 + $125 + $350
Total monthly debt payments = $1,110
Now let find the total debt ratio
Total debt ratio = (Total monthly debt payments / Gross monthly income) * 100
Total debt ratio = ($1,110 / $2,500) * 100
Total debt ratio ≈ 44.4%
Therefore the correct option is C.
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True or False. A small business has a great deal of control over its environment
The statement that a small business has a great deal of control over its environment is not entirely true.
Although there are certain aspects of its environment that it can control, there are other factors that are beyond its control. The external environment can be defined as the factors and conditions that exist outside the business and that can affect its operations. It can be categorized into two broad categories; the task environment and the general environment.
The task environment comprises suppliers, competitors, customers, and regulators, while the general environment consists of the socio-cultural, technological, economic, legal-political, and international dimensions. Small businesses can control some aspects of the task environment, such as the price it charges for its goods or services and the quality of those goods or services. It can also control its marketing activities to some extent.
However, it cannot control the actions of competitors or changes in customer preferences. In the general environment, small businesses have limited control over economic factors such as inflation and interest rates, changes in technology, or government regulations. Therefore, while small businesses do have some control over their environment, they do not have complete control over all factors that can affect their operations. It is essential for small businesses to be aware of and adapt to changes in their environment to remain competitive.
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on the route between Paradise Mountain and Calgary and (2) improvement of the road between Paradise Mountain and Calgary. costs. Information about the two alternatives is shown below. Complete parts (a) through (c). a. Compute the benefit-cost ratio of both alternatives. Is each individually viable? b. Using an incremental benefit-cost ratio approach, which of the two alternatives should be chosen? Improvement - New Buses) would be . The alternative should be chosen in either case. (Round to three decimal places as needed.) c. Compute the present worths of the two alternatives. Compare the decision based on present worths with the decisions based on benefit-cost. (Round to the nearest dollar as needed.)
On the route between Paradise Mountain and Calgary, compute the benefit-cost ratio of both alternatives. Improvement of the road between Paradise Mountain and Calgary.
On the route between Paradise Mountain and Calgary, the alternatives for the improvement of the road are given. The alternatives and their initial cost and benefits are given below. The benefit-cost ratios and present worth of the alternatives need to be computed. Calculation of Benefit-Cost Ratio.
Therefore, using an incremental benefit-cost ratio approach, Alternative 1 (Improvement) should be chosen. Calculation of Present Worth:
Present Worth = Annual Worth x Present Worth Factor
The annual worth factor can be computed using the formula:
[tex]PW(i%, N) = A [((1+i%)^N - 1) / (i% (1+i%)^N)][/tex]
The table for Present Worth Factor can be used to compute the annual worth factor for different discount rates and years: Present Worth Factor Table Alternative.
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In a small, closed economy, national income (GDP) is $250 million for the current month. Individuals have spent $150 million on the consumption of goods and services. They have paid a total of $25 million in taxes and the government has spent $25 million on goods and services this month. Use this information and the national income identity to answer the questions. How much does the economy spend on investment? illion dollars What is national saving in the economy? illion dollars Incorrect How are investment and national saving related in an economy like this? Investment is a component of national saving. National saving is always less than investment. Investment and national saving are unrelated. National saving equals investment.
National income identity is an economic concept that is represented by the equation Y = C + I + G + NX, where Y is equal to national income, C represents consumption, I stands for investment, G represents government expenditure, and NX is equal to net exports.
Using the national income identity, we can find out how much the economy spends on investment and what is national saving in the economy. Solution Given that national income (GDP) is $250 million, individuals have spent $150 million on the consumption of goods and services, they have paid a total of $25 million in taxes and the government has spent $25 million on goods and services this month.
Using the national income identity, we know that Y = C + I + G+ NX
Plugging in the values, we get250 = 150 + I + 25 + 0I = 250 – 175I = 75 million dollars
Thus, the economy spends 75 million dollars on investment.
We can calculate national savings using the formula,
National savings (S) = Y – C – G – TI.e S = Y – C – G – T= 250 – 150 – 25 – 25= 50 million dollars
Therefore, the national saving in the economy is 50 million dollars.
In the economy, investment and national savings are related. Investment is a component of national saving. National saving equals investment. Thus, option (D) National saving equals investment is correct.
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Negative externalities commonly affect public resources where it is difficult to hold parties accountable, such as in a case of environmental pollution.
(a) Explain with FIVE examples the negative production externalities (10 MARKS)
b) Describe FIVE solutions in which the local municipal council might respond to this negative externality
Negative externalities generally refer to the costs that are borne by third parties or the society due to an activity or decision made by a firm or an individual. Below are the five examples of negative production externalities:
1. Air Pollution: Manufacturing firms that use coal in their production process generate pollution that negatively impacts the environment. This results in the degradation of public resources such as air quality and forests.
2. Water Pollution: Chemical industries that release chemicals into the water sources, such as rivers and lakes, pose a significant threat to aquatic animals and plants.
3. Noise Pollution: Factories that produce noise such as factories producing heavy machinery generate noise pollution, which could lead to public health concerns such as hearing problems and migraines.
4. Waste Disposal: Improper disposal of toxic waste materials by manufacturing firms can contaminate soil, water, and air, leading to public health problems such as cancer and respiratory problems.
5. Traffic Congestion: The excess emission from cars, buses, and trucks that are on the road for a long period due to traffic congestion, may cause respiratory problems and pollution-related health issues for the people in the vicinity.
The local municipal council might respond to negative externalities by implementing five solutions:
1. Taxes and subsidies
2. Tradable pollution permits
3. Direct regulation
4. Voluntary cooperation
5. Market-based incentives.
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Suppose you are managing a development project. The project is expected to be completed in 8 months at a cost of RM10,000 per month. After 2 months, you realize that the project is 30 percent completed at a cost of RM40,000. (a) Predict whether the project is on-time and on-budget after 2 months by computing SV and CV.
Project management is a crucial field, and project managers must track the project's progress, costs, and completion time. To evaluate the project's progress, schedule variance (SV) and cost variance (CV) measures are utilized.
In the given scenario, a development project was undertaken, and the manager wants to know if the project is on-time and on-budget after two months.Suppose a development project was undertaken that was expected to be finished in eight months at a cost of RM10,000 per month.
After two months, it is discovered that the project is 30% finished at a cost of RM40,000. Therefore, the scheduled and actual costs incurred in the project are as follows:Scheduled cost of project (Budgeted cost of work scheduled, BCWS) = 10,000 x 8 = 80,000Actual cost of project (Actual cost of work completed, ACWP) = RM40,000SV = BCWP - BCWSwhere BCWP
= Budgeted cost of work performedThe Budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) can be calculated as follows:BCWP = Percentage of project completed x Total budgeted cost= 30% x 80,000= RM24,000SV = BCWP - BCWS= RM24,000 - RM26,666.67= - RM2,666.67Since SV is negative, the project is delayed, and the schedule is over-budget.
Since the budgeted cost of work scheduled (BCWS) is greater than the budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP), the project is running behind schedule (i.e., delayed). The budgeted cost of work performed (BCWP) is less than the actual cost of work completed (ACWP), so the project is over-budget. Therefore, the project is neither on-budget nor on-schedule after two months.
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The Denver Post reported that, on average, a large shopping center had an incident of shoplifting caught by security 2.1 times every five hours. The shopping center is open from 10 AM to 9 PM. (11 hours). Let r be the number of shoplifting incidents caught by security in an 11-hour period during which the center is open.
(a) Explain why the Poisson probability distribution would be a good choice for the random variable r
O Frequency of shoplitting is a rare occurrence. It is reasonable to assume the events are dependent
O Frequency of shoplifting is a common occurrence. It is reasonable to assume the events are dependent
O Frequency of shoplifting is a common occurrence. It is reasonable to assume the events are independent
Frequency of shoplifting is a rare occurrence. It is reasonable to assume the events are independent.
The correct answer is Frequency of shoplifting is a rare occurrence. It is reasonable to assume the events are independent.
The Poisson distribution is a discrete probability distribution that describes the probability of a certain number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time or space if these events occur with a known average rate and independently of each other.
In this case, the average number of shoplifting incidents caught by security in a 5-hour period is 2.1. This means that the probability of a shoplifting incident occurring in a 5-hour period is very low. Additionally, it is reasonable to assume that the shoplifting incidents are independent of each other, meaning that the occurrence of one shoplifting incident does not affect the probability of another shoplifting incident occurring.
Therefore, the Poisson distribution is a good choice for the random variable r because it describes the probability of a rare event occurring independently in a fixed interval of time.
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The table provides factor risk loadings and factor risk premia for a two-factor model for a particular portfolio where factor portfolio 1 tracks Inflation and factor portfolio 2, IR, tracks unexpected changes in interest rates. The risk-free rate is 3%. If a trader estimates the expected / average return of the Portfolio XYZ to be 3.5% and believes that he is correct, what is the arbitrage strategy? portfolio XYZ Factor Loading Risk Premium
Inflation 0,5 8%
IR -1,5 2%
O Long XYZ, Short Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free O Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free O Short XYZ, Short Inflation, Short IR, Buy Risk-Free O Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Short IR, Buy Risk-Free O Short XYZ, Long Inflation, Short IR, Borrow Risk-Free
If a trader believes that the expected / average return of the Portfolio XYZ is 3.5% and estimates the correct price, the arbitrage strategy would be "Long XYZ, Short Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free.
" In order to calculate arbitrage, the trader should subtract the expected return from the required return,
and if the difference is positive, arbitrage opportunities exist.
Let's look at the following calculations for this two-factor model to find out which of these strategies is most appropriate.
Arbitrage = Expected return - Required return Expected return = 3.5%
Required return = RF + β1*ERPM1 + β2*ERPM2
Where,
RF is the risk-free rate, β1 and β2 are the portfolio's factor loading risk premia for Inflation and IR, respectively.
ERPM1 and ERPM2 are the expected returns for Factor 1 and Factor 2, respectively.
Required Return = 3% + 0.5*8% - 1.5*2% = 4.5%
Expected return (given) = 3.5%
the arbitrage would be = 3.5 - 4.5 = -1%, and there are no arbitrage opportunities.
we can conclude that there are no arbitrage opportunities,
and the correct arbitrage strategy for XYZ is "Long XYZ, Short Inflation, Long IR, Buy Risk-Free."
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Please answer B. only thank you
Suppose Cigna, a PPO payer, is responsible for revenues of $8,000,000 per year. The Cigna contract is up for renegotiation in July of 2022, and St. Elizabeth desires a 3% increase to net revenue.
Assuming all else remains constant and Cigna rate increases produce the 3% increase it penciled into the rate schedule, how much revenue will Cigna provide the system annually if it achieves its 3% increase goal? 8,240,000
3% is the increase to net revenue 3% of 8,000,000 is 240,000 8,000,000 + 240,000 = 8,240,000
b. At the negotiating table, Cigna explains that the way it can grant such an increase for the coming year (effective July of 2023) is through its quality program. There are three metrics that will be analyzed in July of 2023 for the preceding 365-day period: readmission rates, hospital-acquired infections, and patient satisfaction. If a retrospective look right before the July of 2023 effective date shows that St. Elizabeth has achieved the target for readmission rates and patient satisfaction but not for hospital-acquired infection: a. Assuming all measures are weighted equally, what is the percentage increase to rates for July of 2023?
b. If a retrospective look right before the July of 2023 effective date shows that St. Elizabeth has achieved the target for readmission rates and patient satisfaction but not for hospital-acquired infection:
Given that a retrospective look right before the July of 2023 effective date shows that St. Elizabeth has achieved the target for readmission rates and patient satisfaction but not for hospital-acquired infection. Therefore, the quality metrics of St. Elizabeth are determined to be:MetricScoreReadmission Rates94%Hospital-acquired infections88%Patient Satisfaction90%The overall quality metric score is given by the sum of the three metrics divided by three.OQS= (94% + 88% + 90%) / 3OQS= 272 / 3OQS= 90.67%The percentage increase to rates for July of 2023 is 1.68%.Formula for calculating percentage increase to rates for July of 2023
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21 Dec The owner informed the accountant that he had taken sanitizer with a cost of R12 260.00 (excluding VAT) for his own use. 24 Dec Cash register till slips (16/12/2018 - 24/12/2018) for cash sales of: R44 464.00. Deposited 27 Dec 2018. 24 Dec The owner withdrew cash of R48 286.00 from the entity’s bank account to pay employee salaries. 6 FRK 121/122 Assignment Information 2022 29 Dec The owner instructed the accountant to calculate interest at 8% per annum on the balance owing by C Hemsworth which had been in arrears for 7 months at this date. 30 Dec An EFT of R6 000.00 was issued to the owner, for his personal cell phone account. 31 Dec A proof of payment via EFT was received for R600.00 from Martin Goodman Attorneys. Refer to letter received from the attorneys. 31 Dec Received an invoice from T Hardy for R4 020.00 in respect of office equipment purchased. The current residual value is estimated to be R1 020.00. 31 Dec Cash register till slips (27/12/2018 - 31/12/2018) for cash sales of: R64 108.00. Deposited 2 Jan 20X8. 31 Dec A direct deposit was received from Ragnarock Attorneys for R4 000.00 in respect of an amount that they collected for the account of L Loki. According to the accounting records, this amount had been written off as irrecoverable in a prior period. 31 Dec A EFT for R4 560.00 was issued for advertisements which appeared in local magazines during December 2018. 31 Dec Issued a credit sales invoice to R Downey for purchases of sanitizer R2 996.00. Invoice AB52 was subsequently received from H Cavill for the delivery costs of 10% (including VAT) on the value of the sanitizer sold to R Downey. 31 Dec Cash of R1 016.00 was withdrawn by the accountant from the entity’s bank account to re-instate the petty cash balance on hand to R1 600.00. 31 Dec Stan Lee, the owner has been discussing the sale of some office equipment with his close friend and they decided to finalise the deal before year-end. The equipment was initially purchased on 1 April 2015 for R16 000.00, and was sold to Tony Stark for R10 000.00 on 1 December 2018. No entry has been made for this transaction. Tony Stark is not registered as a VAT vendor, and agreed to pay the amount due before the end of June 2019. - All of the office equipment items on the asset register, except those purchased during the current year, were purchased and ready for use on 1 April 2015. - Office equipment is depreciated at 15% per annum in accordance with the reducing balance method. General Journal, Creditors ledger and Debtors Ledger ANSWER PLS.
General Journal, Creditors ledger, and Debtors Ledger are shown below.DateDetailsDebitCredit21 December 2018Consumables account - sanitizer purchased 14 119.00214 Inventory (Creditors) 14 119.0024 December 2018Bank account 48 286.00Owners drawings account 48 286.0024 December 2018Debtors account 44 464.00
Sales account 44 464.0029 December 2018Interest receivable account 800.00C Hemsworth account 800.0030 December 2018Owners drawings account 6 000.00Bank account 6 000.0031 December 2018Advertisement account 4 560.00Bank account 4 560.0031 December 2018Equipment account (including VAT) 4 020.00Input VAT account 560.00Creditors account (T Hardy) 4 580.0031 December 2018Sales account 2 996.00Debtors account (R Downey) 2 996.0031 December 2018Cost of sales account 299.60Input VAT account 26.40Consumables account 326.00(Invoice AB52 received from H Cavill)
31 December 2018Petty cash account 1 016.00Bank account 1 016.0025 February 2019Bank account 1 485.00Interest received account 35.00Debtors account (C Hemsworth) 1 450.00Creditors LedgerDateDetailsAmountAmountDateDetailsAmountAmount29 Dec 2018Interest charge 800.00C Hemsworth 800.0031 Dec 2018
Purchases 4 580.00T Hardy 4 580.00Debtors LedgerDateDetailsAmountAmount29 Dec 2018Interest 800.00C Hemsworth 800.0031 Dec 2018Sales 2 996.00R Downey 2 996.0031 Dec 2018Receipt 4 000.00L Loki 4 000.00
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QUESTION TWO [25] 2.1 Describe the benefits of implementing Enterprise Risk Management and discuss the barriers / hindrances to the successful implementation of Enterprise Risk Management. 2.2 Analyse the significance of building survival in relation to business risk management.
Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) is a holistic approach that organizations use to manage risks while capturing opportunities. It involves identifying, assessing, and managing risks across an organization.
Implementing ERM has several benefits, including improved decision-making, enhanced risk mitigation strategies, better alignment of risk and strategy, improved operational efficiencies, and reduced negative impacts of risk. The barriers to successful ERM implementation include cultural resistance, lack of resources, competing priorities, and inadequate support from top management.
To overcome these challenges, organizations need to build a culture of risk management, allocate adequate resources to ERM, and ensure that the strategy is aligned with the organization's goals. The significance of building survival in relation to business risk management lies in ensuring that an organization can sustain its operations in the event of unexpected disruptions.
Business continuity planning (BCP) is critical in ensuring that an organization can continue to operate during and after a disruption. The process involves identifying potential disruptions and putting measures in place to mitigate the impacts. A robust BCP will help an organization to minimize disruption, reduce recovery time, and minimize losses.
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monopoly 2000 finance financial statement forecast shows balance
sheet helpppp
Monopoly 2000 finance financial statement forecast shows balance sheetA financial statement forecast is an estimate of the financial position of a business enterprise in the future period. It is also known as a financial plan that is created by a company to determine its goals and objectives.
A balance sheet is one of the essential financial statements used in business accounting to display the financial position of a company at a specific point in time. The statement displays the assets, liabilities, and equity of a business. The assets include cash, accounts receivable, inventory, equipment, and other items that the company owns and uses to generate revenue.
The liabilities refer to the money the company owes to its creditors, including loans, accounts payable, and taxes payable. The equity represents the residual interest in the assets of the company after deducting liabilities. This forecast helps in predicting the future financial position of the company.
It is important for every business owner to create a financial statement forecast to know their financial position. This financial statement forecast shows the future cash inflows and outflows, which helps the company to make informed decisions regarding its business operations and investments. It is an essential tool for managing the finances of a company.
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If the amount realized at the foreclosure sale is more than the indebtedness, the excess belongs to who?
If the amount realized at the foreclosure sale is more than the indebtedness, the excess belongs to the homeowner.
Foreclosure refers to the legal procedure used by a lender, such as a bank, to repossess a home or any other property securing a loan. A borrower will typically have defaulted on their loan payments, prompting the lender to demand repayment of the outstanding balance or initiate foreclosure proceedings.If the amount of money earned from a foreclosure sale is greater than the outstanding loan balance plus foreclosure costs, the homeowner will receive the excess. When a homeowner owes $300,000 on their mortgage, for example, but the lender sells the house for $350,000 at foreclosure sale. The extra $50,000 would go to the homeowner as equity. So, the excess belongs to the homeowner.
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A corporate bond has 19 years to maturity, a face value of $1,000, a coupon rate of 4.8% and pays interest semiannually. The annual market interest rate for similar bonds is 3.2%. Part 1 A Attempt 1/1 What is the value of the bond?
The value of the bond is $1,202.56. Calculation of bond value:
To calculate the bond value, we will use the formula as follows:
[tex]$$P=\frac{C}{i}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1+i)^n}\right)+\frac{FV}{(1+i)^n}$$[/tex]
Where, C = coupon payment, i = required yield or interest rate, FV = face value of bond, and n = number of years to maturity.
Since the bond pays interest semiannually, we will use the semiannual interest rate and semiannual period.
Given data:
Maturity period (n) = 19 years
Face value (FV) = $1,000
Coupon rate = 4.8%
Semiannual coupon payment (C) = 4.8% x $1,000 / 2 = $24
Semiannual market interest rate (i) = 3.2% / 2 = 1.6%
Number of coupon payments (n) = 19 years x 2 = 38
Using the above values in the formula of bond valuation:
[tex]$$P=\frac{C}{i}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1+i)^n}\right)+\frac{FV}{(1+i)^n}$$$$P=\frac{\$24}{0.016}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1+0.016)^{38}}\right)+\frac{\$1,000}{(1+0.016)^{38}}$$$$P=\frac{\$24}{0.016}\left(1-\frac{1}{(1.016)^{38}}\right)+\frac{\$1,000}{(1.016)^{38}}$$$$P=\$1,202.56$$[/tex]
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Quantitative benefits of a project are the intangible benefits of completing a project such as employee morale. True False
The statement "Quantitative benefits of a project are the intangible benefits of completing a project such as employee morale" is FALSE.
Quantitative benefits of a project are not intangible. These benefits are measurable, and they relate to the numerical aspect of a project. Quantitative benefits can include cost savings, revenue increases, and reduced project durations, while intangible benefits cannot be measured and valued monetarily.Intangible benefits of completing a project are qualitative, and they cannot be measured or quantified. These benefits may include customer satisfaction, employee satisfaction, and enhanced company reputation. Employee morale is considered an intangible benefit because it is not easily measurable but is a significant factor in the success of a project. Therefore, it is not correct to state that "Quantitative benefits of a project are the intangible benefits of completing a project such as employee morale." Hence, the statement is False.
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Select three different websites that you will follow for the semester. Each should, however, be a brand site, not a site for a mega corporation with many different brands (e.g., Ford F150, not Ford Motor Company). Following at least one nonprofit site can add to the learning experience. List the websites below that you plan to follow.
Signing up for free newsletter from the sites you select will help you understand the various elements of their digital strategies. If the company has retail outlets nearby, you should also consider a visit to the retail site, looking for ways in which the firm is integrating marketing activities on and off the web.
Examples of what these firms are doing will be useful to you in discussing aspects of chapters to come.
As per the question, the three different websites that can be followed for the semester that are brand sites are given below:1. Nike Inc., 2. Target Corporation, Charity Water.
Nike, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in designing, developing, manufacturing, and selling athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services. It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment. It has a strong online presence and is a good example of how a brand uses digital marketing effectively.
2. Target Corporation. Target Corporation is an American retail corporation. It is the eighth-largest retailer in the United States. Target has a good social media presence, and its digital marketing strategies are well-planned. It is a good example of how to use social media to connect with consumers and drive sales.
3. Charity Water. Charity Water is a non-profit organization that provides clean and safe drinking water to people in developing countries. Its website is an excellent example of how to use storytelling and design to create an emotional connection with people and inspire them to take action. Following this non-profit website can help in understanding the power of storytelling and creating an emotional connection.
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As per the question, the three different websites that can be followed for the semester that are brand sites are given below:1. Nike Inc., 2. Target Corporation, Charity Water.
Nike, Inc. is an American multinational corporation that is engaged in designing, developing, manufacturing, and selling athletic footwear, apparel, equipment, accessories, and services. It is the world's largest supplier of athletic shoes and apparel and a major manufacturer of sports equipment. It has a strong online presence and is a good example of how a brand uses digital marketing effectively.
2. Target Corporation. Target Corporation is an American retail corporation. It is the eighth-largest retailer in the United States. Target has a good social media presence, and its digital marketing strategies are well-planned. It is a good example of how to use social media to connect with consumers and drive sales.
3. Charity Water. Charity Water is a non-profit organization that provides clean and safe drinking water to people in developing countries. Its website is an excellent example of how to use storytelling and design to create an emotional connection with people and inspire them to take action. Following this non-profit website can help in understanding the power of storytelling and creating an emotional connection.
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A. Define the term expatriates. B. Explain FOUR (4) roles the Human Resource specialist in mitigating the negative effects of safety and health concerns for expatriates.
Expatriates are people who reside outside their home country or nation while working and living abroad. In other words, expatriates are people living in a foreign country, either for a short or long period, but who have not assimilated themselves into the society of that foreign country.
The process of becoming an expatriate often involves packing up and leaving home to live in a foreign country temporarily or permanently to work or study.B. The four roles of the human resource specialist in mitigating the negative effects of safety and health concerns for expatriates are as follows-
1. Health and Safety Training: The HR department is responsible for ensuring that expatriates receive adequate health and safety training. The HR specialist provides information on medical facilities and any vaccinations required to avoid illnesses. HR professionals must ensure that expatriates are familiar with safety protocols and practices to minimize the chances of harm or accident.
2. Pre-departure preparation: Prior to departure, expatriates must be briefed on the specifics of their job assignments, cultural differences, safety and health hazards, and other critical information. HR professionals must ensure that expatriates are adequately informed of the benefits and risks of living in the new country.
3. Provision of healthcare benefits The HR department is responsible for providing health care benefits to the expatriates. This includes medical insurance, and expatriate allowance. This enables the employee to seek medical attention without having to worry about incurring additional costs.
4. Post-assignment follow-up HR professionals must follow up with the expatriates to ensure their safety and well-being in the new environment.
The HR department can check in with the expatriate through email, phone calls, or video conferencing. If there is a need for support, HR professionals can assist in finding the necessary resources.
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You've just been given the assignment to create presentation slides for a new client. The client, House- You, is a start-up that aims to compete with Airbnb in the private room- and house-rental business. The purpose of the presentation is to pitch the business idea to investors. Discuss five steps for delivering a successful presentation and discuss your options for supporting a presentation with visuals. Your answer should be approximately 100 words
Options for incorporating visuals include using PowerPoint slides, videos, infographics, or images. The objectives should be clear, measurable, and achievable.
Delivering a successful presentation can be achieved by following these five steps:
Step 1: Know Your Audience You should know the background, expectations, and level of knowledge of your audience members.
This will help you to tailor your message to them more effectively and help you to choose visuals that will resonate with them.
Step 2: Develop Clear Objectives You should establish your goals and objectives, as this will guide your research and presentation preparation.
Step 3: Create a Solid Outline To be successful in delivering your presentation, your presentation must be structured and organized, which will enable the audience to follow your message.
Step 4: Design and Incorporate Visuals Supporting a presentation with visuals can be effective in aiding the audience's understanding of your message.
Practicing your delivery and making any necessary changes will help you to identify areas that need improvement.
The more you prepare and practice, the more confident you will be during the actual presentation.
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Which of the following registered pension plan(s) offer no limits on contributions? I. Defined Contribution pension plans II. Defined Benefit pension plans III. Deferred Profit-Sharing plans IV. Retirement Compensation Arrangements V. Individual Pension Plans a) I and V b) IV c) IV and V d) II 1
,III,V Roger and Samantha had a marriage breakdown three years ago and have an existing spousal and child support arrangement, in which Roger is required to pay Samantha $3,000 a month. Now, Samantha feels the amount agreed upon was too less and would like it to be rearranged, The following are the conditions where a variation would be accepted, except: a) Samantha spoke to her friend who is a lawyer and is being told she could have received a larger amount in spousal support. b) Samantha notices a massive increase in inflation in the last three years. c) Roger and Samantha's child require extra medical expenses due to a severe illness. d) Roger's income has increased substantially in the last three years.
The registered pension plan(s) that offer no limits on contributions are IV and V i.e. Retirement Compensation Arrangements and Individual Pension Plans. In these plans, contributions are set by the individual employee and employer.
They are not limited to a specific amount like Defined Contribution pension plans and Defined Benefit pension plans.Individual Pension Plans (IPPs) are defined benefit pension plans established by the self-employed, small business owners, and executives. In an IPP, an individual assumes the role of the employer, the employee, and the trustee. IPPs offer an increased contribution limit and tax deductions compared to a regular RRSP, it should be based on the change in circumstances of the parties involved. In this case, Roger's increased income and their child's increased medical expenses can be considered as valid reasons for a variation. However, inflation is not considered a valid reason unless it causes undue hardship for one of the parties.
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A vendor wants to give you, the agent, a gift for services. What should you do?
Select one:
A. Accept it.
B. Not accept it.
C. Tell your broker.
D. Accept it, but disclose to the buyer.
The appropriate course of action when a vendor wants to give a gift for services as an agent depends on the specific policies and regulations in place. However, a generally recommended approach is: C. Tell your broker.
As an agent, it is important to adhere to ethical guidelines and potential conflicts of interest policies. By informing your broker about the vendor's intention to give you a gift, you allow them to provide guidance based on the specific rules and regulations of your brokerage firm or industry.
In some cases, accepting gifts as an agent may be strictly prohibited, while in others, there might be limitations or disclosure requirements. Your broker can provide you with the necessary information and guidance to ensure compliance with regulations and maintain transparency in your professional relationships.
Choosing option C and informing your broker demonstrates your commitment to following proper protocols and seeking guidance when faced with such situations.
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You are the Project Manager leading the implementation of a new record keeping software at a major accounting firm. You work for the software company who assigns their own Project Management resources at organizations that wouldn’t normally have in house Project Management resources.
The accounting firm had previously attempted to implement a new software last year which was not successful. The leadership team is apprehensive about implementing a new system based on the issues that arose from the last implementation. The non leadership team are apprehensive as they are fearful that a new software will result in redundancies.
The project team you have working for you are a mixture of seasoned and junior project coordinators.
Your executive sponsor is expecting an outline of your plan to implement this before the next audit season which is just under a year away.
Implementing a new record keeping software requires understanding the issues with the previous software, having a task force, developing an implementation plan with deadlines, deliverables, and budget, and risk management strategies.
Implementing a new record keeping software at a major accounting firm has a potential for redundancies, which makes the non-leadership team apprehensive about its implementation. What is the plan to implement this before the next audit season? Before implementation of a new record keeping software, the first step would be to understand the issues that led to the failure of the last software. The failure of the last software would have left the company in chaos, and they need a guarantee that this software will not have similar issues. A report would be necessary to understand the issues with the last software. The report would include the impact on the company and the causes of the software failure. Understanding these issues would enable the project manager to avoid them in the new implementation, ensuring that the accounting firm would get a robust system.
The project manager would also create a task force, with members drawn from different departments to ensure that there is total involvement in the project. The team should be made up of a mixture of seasoned and junior project coordinators to ensure a proper understanding of the project and accountability. The team should have a clear understanding of the expectations and the deadline given. The team should be well-versed in the company's policies and operations. This way, the team can prepare for potential redundancies that the software might lead to. The team should communicate with the non-leadership team to understand the concerns they have about the implementation.
The project manager would also need to develop an implementation plan with deadlines, deliverables, and budget. The project manager must ensure that the executive sponsor has clear expectations and must have a risk management plan in place. The plan should have strategies on how to deal with the challenges that may arise during the implementation of the software. A testing phase would also be necessary to ensure that the new software is compatible with the company's existing software, minimizing the risk of disruption during the audit season.
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