extraction is the process of removing compounds from a solution by taking advantage of varying solubilities. the process of extraction for a mixture of diethylamine, phenol, acetic acid, and ammonia involves three steps. 1. add a strong acid and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off. 2. add a weak base and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off. 3. add a strong base and shake the solution. let the aqueous layer drain off.
Which of the four components would be the first to enter the aqueous phase in this extraction? o ethylbenzene o diethylamine o butanoic acid o phenol

Answer:

it would be answer (B)

Explanation:

The exact volume of peroxide is needed to be added because it is helpful in knowing about the concentration of the analyte similarly water also should be added knowing its exact volume as it improves the accuracy of the answer required.

a) It is important to know the exact volume of peroxide to be added to the flask in order to ensure that the correct amount of peroxide is used in the reaction and that the reaction has the desired outcome.

By knowing the exact volume of peroxide, the chemist can also ensure that there is no excess peroxide that could cause a dangerous reaction. Additionally, if the correct amount of peroxide is not used, the reaction may not occur correctly or may yield unwanted products. Knowing the exact volume of peroxide also helps the chemist control the reaction rate and the desired product yields. Finally, using the correct amount of peroxide can help prevent contamination of the reaction mixture.

b) It is necessary to know the exact volume of water to be added to the flask for a number of reasons. First, accurate measurement of volume helps to ensure the accuracy of the results from the experiment. If too much or too little water is added, it can skew the results or cause the experiment to fail.

Second, the volume of water will affect the rate of temperature change. If too little or too much water is added, the temperature change may not be as dramatic as desired, or it may take too long to reach the desired temperature.

Finally, the volume of water will affect the amount of energy required to heat the water up. If too much water is added, it can take a long time and require a lot of energy to heat the water to the desired temperature. Knowing the exact volume of water to be added to the flask is critical to ensure the experiment is successful and the results are accurate.

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A titration of 15 mL of NaOH requires 10.50 mL of 0.450 M H₂SO₄ . the molarity of NaOH solution is 0.53 M

The reaction is given as :

H₂SO₄   +    2NaOH    ----->    Na₂SO₄  +  2H₂O

molarity of H₂SO₄ = 0.450 M

volume = 10.50 mL = 0.01050 L

moles of H₂SO₄ = molarity × volume

                           = 0.450 × 0.0105

                           = 0.004 mol

moles of H₂SO₄ = 2 moles of NaOH

moles of NaOH = 2 × 0.004

                          = 0.008

molarity of NaOH = 0.008 / 0.015

                              = 0.53 M

The molarity of the NaOH solution with volume 15 mL is 0.53 M.

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The spectrochemical series of the ligands the more the strong field ligand the more will be the ∆o values so the cyanide is the most strong field ligand and the chloride is the weak field ligand.

What is spectrochemical series?

Common ligands are arranged in an increasing order of their crystal-field splitting energies (CFSE), which is known as a spectrochemical series. The series' strong field ligands are found on the R.H.S, whereas weak field ligands are found on the L.H.S.

What is ligand ?

In order to create a coordination complex, an ion or molecule known as a ligand must donate two electrons to the main metal atom or ion. The Latin origin of the word ligand is the verb to bind or tie. Anions, cations, as well as neutral molecules, can serve as ligands.

[Fe(CN)6]3-  -----> 1

[Fe(H​​​​​2​​​​​O)6]3+ -----> 2

[Fe(Cl)6]3- -----> 3

According to the order of magnitude of crystal field stabilization energies the order of magnitude of the splitting is given above .

From the spectrochemical series of the ligands the more the strong field ligand the more will be the ∆o values so the cyanide is the most strong field ligand and the chloride is the weak field ligand and the water is in between them so the cyanide complex will have more ∆o value and aqua complex have the second ∆o value and the chloride complex have the third ∆o value in their order of magnitudes.

Therefore, spectrochemical series of the ligands the more the strong field ligand the more will be the ∆o values so the cyanide is the most strong field ligand and the chloride is the weak field ligand.

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At standard temperature and pressure, the number of gaseous molecules in the flask is 9.409 × [tex]10^{22}[/tex] and the number of moles in the flask is 0.1562 moles.

The International System of Units uses the term "mole" (symbol: mol) to denote the amount of a substance . The quantity of a substance is a measurement of the number of elementary entities of a specific substance present in an object or sample. Exact 6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]elementary items are required to define a mole.

Calculations:

The volume of the flask = 3.5 L

At STP gas occupy 22.4 L volume.

Number of moles in the flask,

n = 3.5/22.4

n = 0.1562 mol.

As we know 1 mole =  6.02214076 × [tex]10^{23}[/tex]

The number of gaseous molecules in the flask will be,

= 1.562 × 6.02 × 10²³

= 9.409 × 10²²

Hence, at standard temperature and pressure, the number of gaseous molecules in the flask is 9.409 × [tex]10^{22}[/tex] and the number of moles in the flask is 0.1562 moles.

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The values for the reduction potential are: Mn2+ = +1.51 V, NO3 = +0.96 V. According to the results shown, NO3's reduction potential is lower than Mn2 reduction potential. Thus, NO3 cannot oxidize Mn2+.

Considering half reactions:

MnO4(aq) + 8H (aq) + 5e Mn2+(aq) + 4H₂O(1)

NO3 (aq) + 4H (aq) + 3e NO(g) + 2H2O(1)

Both the reactions are reduction reactions involving gain of electrons. Nitrate ion is itself reduced to NO and can oxidize any ion which is losing electrons.

Reversing the first given reaction:

Mn2+ (aq) + 4H₂O(l) → MnO4¯(aq) + 8H+ (aq) + 5e-

NO3-(aq) + 4H +(aq) + 3e- NO(g) + 2H2O(1)

(l)According to this equation, Mn (II) loses electrons to get oxidized to permanganate ion and nitrate ion is reduced to NO. These 2 reactions give result to redox reaction where Nitrate can reduce itself to NO, and oxidize the corresponding Mn (II) ion.

An oxidation and a reduction are the two components of a redox process. These two processes, which are referred to as half reactions, entail altering the oxidation state of the reacting atoms.

Chemical processes known as oxidation-reduction reactions involve the exchange of electrons between the reacting species. The oxidation status of the reactants changes in conjunction with these electron exchanges.

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The concentration of h2so4 when 12.3 ml of 0.200 m naoh solution is needed to neutralize 10.0 ml of h2so4 solution is 0.123 M.

What is solution?

In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more compounds in their relative proportions that can be continually altered up to what is referred to as the limit of solubility. Although the word "solution" is frequently used to refer to the liquid state of matter, solutions of gases and solids are also possible.

Solutions come in many forms, such as sugar and salt solutions, soda water, etc. In a solution, each element appears as a separate phase.

The answer is 0.123 M because the molarity of a solution can be determined using the following equation:

Molarity = (moles of solute) / (volume of solution in liters)

For this problem, you need to calculate the moles of H2SO4 in 10.0 ml of the solution. To do that, you need to convert the volume to liters first. 10.0 ml = 0.010 L. Now, you can calculate the moles of H2SO4:

Moles of H2SO4 = (Molarity of H2SO4) x (0.010 L)
Moles of H2SO4 = 0.123 M x 0.010 L = 0.00123 moles

Now, you can calculate the molarity of the H2SO4 solution using the same equation as before:
Molarity of H2SO4 = (0.00123 moles) / (0.010 L)
Molarity of H2SO4 = 0.123 M

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Solutions that contain water as the solvent are known as aqueous solutions.

A liquid that dissolves another chemical to produce a homogenous mixed solution is known as a solvent. Based on its physiochemical, the solvent, which comprises the majority of something like the liquid, determines why a substance will assume the shape of a solid, liquids, or gas.

Solvents are a group of heterogeneous compounds that can be used to weaken, disintegrate, or distribute other molecules. The ability of a solvent to dissolve another molecular depends on the chemical composition and physical traits of both the solvent and the solute.

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Because carbon establishes four bonds to other atoms, whereas hydrogen and fluorine only form one, the balls used to symbolize these elements have four and oxygen has two holes and number of holes represent the number of bond formation, respectively.

Fluorine is univalent, which means it can only create one bond with hydrogen, whereas carbon is tetravalent and can establish up to four bonds. As a result, carbon has four holes while fluorine and hydrogen only have one. Each molecule of HF has one hydrogen atom that may form a hydrogen bond, while the fluorine atom possesses three lone pairs of electrons. The maximum amount of hydrogen atoms can form hydrogen bonds, and each HF molecule will typically form two hydrogen bonds.

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The concept of rising hot water applies to water heaters, which might be vertical or horizontal vent ducts. Air exhaust from water heaters should be removed. The gas fumes are not necessary for the vents.

Water heaters need to be vented outside since the exhaust gas needs to leave the heaters and the vent runs right through their walls. In order to avoid potentially harmful effects, the residual gas fumes must be evacuated out through the vent pipes while the fuel is being burned. The vents can be run horizontally to the outside of the house and do not depend on hot air's buoyancy. As a result, the edifices from the hot water vent have an edifice-like appearance and are constructed of insulators and polymers.

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The answer is:

Halogens such as F2 and Cl2

Hydrogen gas

Nitrogen and oxygen

Diatomic elements are seven unique molecules that are composed of two atoms. All of the elements in this elite group are gases. If we look at the prefix 'di-' in the word diatomic, it comes from the Greek origin of 'two.' Every molecule has its own unique molecular formula, and for diatomic elements, their formula always contains a subscript of 2, which represents two atoms in its structure. As an example, the diatomic element oxygen has a formula of [tex]O_{2}[/tex], meaning there are two separate oxygen atoms present.

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0.6122L volume of a 0.450 m naf solution is required to react completely with 935 ml of a 0.320 m strontium chloride solution , 0.15 ml moles of strontium fluoride are formed from this reaction

A strontium and chlorine salt is known as strontium chloride. It is a "typical" salt and creates watery neutral solutions. This salt creates a bright red flame, just like all strontium compounds do, and is frequently used in pyrotechnics because of this.

PART A

Number of moles of SrCl, Molarity Volume (L)

=0.420x0.357 L

=0.15 mol

According to the reaction, 2 mol of NaF reacts with 1 mol of SrCI,

Therefore, number of moles of NaF needed to react with 0.15 mol of StCl, is calculated as follows:

Number of moles of NaF needded = 0.15 molx2 mol NaF1 mol

=0.30 mol NaF

Volume of NaF needed

=no. of moles/molarity

=0.30 mol/0.490 mol/L

=0.6122 L

PART B

For 1 mol of SrCl,, 2 mol of NaF is required to form 1 mol of STF, Therefore, moles of SrF, formed by 0.30 mol of NaF is calculated as follows:Moles of SrF, formed = 1/2x0.30 

=0.15 mol

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The original mass of the sample is  15g

t = 2.303/k × log a/ a-z

k = rate constant  = 0.0198  days–1

t = time passed by the sample = 98.3 days

a - x = amount left after decay process = 2.14

t = 2.303/k × log a/ a-z

the original mass of the sample a = 15g

The mass of a sample of a chemical compound is divided by the quantity of that substance, or the number of moles in the sample, measured in moles, to obtain the compound's molar mass in chemistry. In contrast to molecular properties, a substance's molar mass is a bulk property. The compound. is present in many different. forms, each with a different mass as a result of the isotopes. The molar mass represents the average of these masses. The molar mass is most frequently calculated from the standard atomic weights and is a function of the relative abundance of the constituent atoms' isotopes on Earth. It is thus a terrestrial average.

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The mass loss of the nucleus emission of this gamma ray is 1.5 × 10⁻⁴ amu.

given that :

the energy = 140 keV 140000 eV

the energy and mass expression is given as :

e = m c²

where,

m = mass

c , speed of light = 3 × 10⁸ m/s

m = e / c²

m = e / 931.4 × 10⁶ amu

m = 140000 / 931.4 × 10⁶ amu

m = 1.5 × 10⁻⁴ amu

Thus, Medical gamma imaging is most often done with the technetium isotope 99tc, which decays by emitting a gamma-ray photon with energy 140 kev.  the mass loss of the nucleus upon emission of this gamma ray  in amu is 1.5 × 10⁻⁴ amu.

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To calculate the atoms of an element in a given molecule, we need to multiply stoichiometry by the number that is written on the foot of that element. Therefore, the balanced equation is Cl[tex]_2[/tex]+ NaI [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] NaCl + I[tex]_2[/tex].

Balanced equation is the one in which the total number of atoms of a species on reactant side is equal to the total number of atoms on product side. The mass of the overall reaction should be conserved. There are so many types of chemical reaction reaction like combination reaction, displacement reaction.

The other characteristic of balanced reaction is that physical state should be written with each compound or molecule on reactant and product side. Physical state should be written in brackets. s means solid, l means liquid, g means gas.

The balanced reaction when chlorine gas is bubbled through a solution of sodium iodide is given as

Cl[tex]_2[/tex]+ NaI [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] NaCl + I[tex]_2[/tex]

Therefore, the balanced equation is Cl[tex]_2[/tex]+ NaI [tex]\rightarrow[/tex] NaCl + I[tex]_2[/tex].

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The most stable carbocation would be formed by t-butyl bromide alkyl halide. Carbocation stability is typically correlated with the number of methyl groups connected to the core carbon.

Chemical substances called halides include halogens. There are halides in nature, and some of them, like salts and acids, are necessary for maintaining human existence. Halides are present in minerals, living things, and plants. Table salt, or NaCl, is the most popular halide.

The sodium, salt, and hydrochloric acid salts make up the group of minerals known as halides. This category of minerals includes the crystals halite, sylvite, and carnallite, which only include chloride with petrogenic significance. Rock salt, also known as halite (NaCl), is the crystalline form of sodium chloride.

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Saltation Since Deflation: removing and raising loose sand Blowout: powerful onshore winds create parabolic dunes Saltation is the term for the bouncing motion of sand grains caused by fluids like wind or water. Deflation: wind-driven sandblasting.

The term "deflation" refers to a drop in asset prices or overall prices for products and services. When prices decrease, the phenomenon is referred to as deflation or a negative inflation rate. As prices fall, consumers' purchasing power rises, allowing them to spend the same amount of money on a greater variety of goods and services.

The word saltation comes from the Latin word saltare, which means to leap or jump. Although the distinctiveness of saltation in water is not nearly as evident as in air, movement by saltation has also been suggested for water transport of particles towards the bed.

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No, because obliteration isn't typically regarded as fraudulent since the alteration isn't being concealed  (option -B) is correct answer.

Signatures in the plural. One countable noun Your signature, which is simply your name written in your distinct style, is frequently placed at the end of a document to show that you either wrote it or that you agree with what it says.

On a piece of paper, sign your name. Take a picture of your handwritten signature using the camera app on your smartphone. Send the picture to your email address using your phone. After receiving the image, save it to your computer and then add it to your email.

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5.13 moles of  NO₂ is produced from 4.5 moles of O₂, assuming the reaction has a 57% yield.

Given reaction:

2NO (g)   +  O₂ (g) → 2NO₂(g)

2mole        1 mole     2mole

Here,

1 mole of O₂  produces= 2 moles of NO₂

Therefore,

4.5 moles of O₂  will produce

= 2 × 4.5 moles

= 9 moles of NO₂

For 100 % yield, 9 moles of NO₂ is produced from 4.5 moles of O₂

Assuming the reaction has a 57% yield, number of moles of NO₂ produced is calculated as:

% yield= [tex]\frac{ actual yield}{ theoretical yield}[/tex] ×  100%

57 = [tex]\frac{actual yield}{ 9 mole}[/tex] ×  100%

actual yield = 9 moles × 57 /100

actual yield= 5.13 moles

Thus, 5.13 moles of  NO₂ is produced from 4.5 moles of O₂

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Answer: _NH3 2O2->_HNO3_H2O

Explanation:

If in the question all the twos and threes are subscripts, that is the answer. Just put a 2 in front of the oxygen on the left side of the yield arrow, and everything will be balanced.

The Mercury column will change in length by its linear coefficient of expansion multiplied by its initial length multiplied by the temperature change.

P = 75 cm Hg. Consequently, atmospheric pressure is given by

P= lcos=lcos60=l/2 , l=2P=275 cm, and l=150 cm.

With everything in place, we can now determine the cutting length of the diamond stirrup in our case. The calculation is as follows: bend deduction = (4 arm length) + (2 hook length). The expansion of mercury occurs when it is heated in a column that is not restricted in length. Mercury's linear thermal expansion is affected by the liquid column's beginning height, mercury's changing temperature, and mercury's thermal expansion coefficient. Consequently, the liquid's expansion or contraction as a result of the change

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sp hybridization is observed when one s and one p orbital in the same main shell of an atom mix to form two new equivalent orbitals. The new orbitals formed are called sp hybridized orbitals. It forms linear molecules with an angle of 180°

-This type of hybridization involves the mixing of one ‘s’ orbital and one ‘p’ orbital of equal energy to give a new hybrid orbital known as an sp hybridized orbital.

-sp hybridization is also called diagonal hybridization.

-Each sp hybridized orbital has an equal amount of s and p character – 50% s and 50% p character.

HYBRIDIZATION : Redistribution of the energy of orbitals of individual atoms to give orbitals of equivalent energy happens when two atomic orbitals combine to form a hybrid orbital in a molecule. This process is called hybridization.

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The number of moles of HF needed to react with 0.3 mol of Na₂SiO₃ is 0.24 moles.

The given reaction is,

Na₂SiO₃ (s)+HF (aq) -----> H₂SiF₆ (aq)+NaF (ag)+H₂O (l). This equation is to be balanced at first which is given by,

Na₂SiO₃+8HF-----> H₂SiF₆+ 2NaF + 3H₂O

In addition to that, the number of moles of Na₂SiO₃ given is 0.300 moles.

It can be clearly seen from the reaction that 1 mole of Na₂SiO₃is needed to react with 8 moles of HF. Therefore,

0.300 mol of Na₂SiO₃ will need the following amount of HF,

                                = 8x0.3

No of moles of HF = 0.24 mole of HF

Therefore, the 0.24moles of HF is required to react with 0.300 moles of NaSiO3.

In this way, the number of moles required could be computed easily.

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The chemical shift, in parts per million (ppm), if the sample is analyzed with a 400.0 ‑MHz instrument is

if ¹H signal observed = 194.0 Hz

frequency = 115 MHz

the chemical shift = shift ( Hz ) / spectrometer frequency

the chemical shift = 194 Hz / 115 MHz

                              = 1.68 ppm

for the same proton the chemical shift does not change . Thus, chemical shift in part per million of the sample analyzed with 400 MHz,  the chemical shift will be same for 400 MHz that is 1.68 ppm.

this question is incomplete , the complete question is :

A ¹H NMR signal is observed at 194.0 Hz ( downfield of TMS) on a 115 MHz instrument.

a) what is the observed chemical shift in part per million?

b) what is the chemical shift, in parts per million (ppm), if the sample is analyzed with a 400.0 ‑MHz instrument?

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Zero, A trigonal planar molecule requires that there are no lone pairs breaking the molecule's parity. This insure that all three atoms exist on the same plane.

What is a molecule?

A group of two or more atoms held together by tempting forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not add ions which propitiate this criterion is called molecule.

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of ordinary substance forms a chemical element. Every solid, liquid, gas, and plasma is composed of neutral or ionized atoms called an atom. Atoms are much small, typically around 100 picometers across.

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The correct ones are:

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a process that involves the continuous strengthening of synapses, resulting in a long-term increase in signal transmission between neurons. It is a critical step in the process of synaptic plasticity. LTP recording is widely accepted as a cellular model for memory research.

Simple tasks can be taught to rats and mice. A mouse, for example, will swim around in a pool of murky water until it finds a hidden platform to climb out on. Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic strength between hippocampal neurons is linked to learning and memory, and memory loss is thought to be caused by LTP dysfunction. LTP can be divided into two types: decaying (early-phase) LTP and nondecaying (late-phase) LTP.

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For a real gas to approach the properties of an ideal gas, the pressure should be low, the attraction between the molecules should be high, and temperature should be high.

Ideal gas conditions are:

         PV =nRT

The real gas conditions are:

       (P +αn²) (V - nb) = nRT

             V²

Thus, real gases behave ideally at high temperatures and low pressures.

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In order for 0.36 mol of lead to totally react, 0.72 mol of Hydrochloric acid is required.

In the food, textile, metal, or rubber sectors, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is frequently employed as a bleaching agent to neutralize alkaline substances. When discharged into the soil, it is neutralized, and when it comes into contact with water, it hydrolyzes quickly.Low concentrations exposed over an extended period of time may damage and stain teeth. The EPA has not rated the carcinogenicity of hydrochloric acid.

Chemical burns from hydrochloric acid can be extremely painful if they come into contact with epidermis or other tissues. Ingestion of hydrochloric might result in blindness. The amount of acid present determines how severe the burns.

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Boiling points of pure solids are usually reported along with pressure because boiling point is a function of pressure.

What is the boiling point?

The temperature at which a liquid's vapor pressure equals the pressure of the gas.

Different pressures will produce different boiling points for the same substance. The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to the ambient pressure surrounding it. For example, water has a boiling point of 100°C (212°F) at sea level, whereas at higher altitudes (higher pressures) the boiling point of water is lower.

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The quantity is divided by volume it really is dissolved in to get the concentration. quantity concentration amount. = For instance, you may dissolve. sodium chloride, 0.9g.

The volume of an item in three dimensions is the area occupied inside its boundaries. It is referred to as the object's capability on occasion..

Number of moles per solute (KI) per volume of water (KI + water) is how molarity is defined.

Additionally, we require the molar mass for KI, which is 166 g/mol.

The number of moles of KI = 2.08 g/166 g/mol = 0.0125 moles KI

Volume = 279 mL = 0.279 L (1 L = 1000 mL)

0.125 moles KI ------- 0.279 L of solution

X ------- 1 L of solution

X = 0.448 mol/L

Molarity = number of moles (KI)/Volume of solution (L)

Molarity = 0.125 moles/0.279 L = 0.448 mol/L or M

Answer: M = 0.448 mol/L

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