Because the specific heats of the two fluids are so different, after one has finished condensing, the other has not quite hit its boiling point, which results in the temperature drop.
What degree temperature of heat is too much for people?People frequently cite a 2010 study that concluded that the highest limit of safety, above which the normal body is unable to cool itself by draining sweat from surface of the body, would be a moisture temperature of 35 C, or 95 F at 100% moisture, or 115 F at 50% humidity.
At what temperature can a person survive?The human body can withstand temperatures as low as 96 degrees Fahrenheit. The temperature at which the body remains to function at.
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the bond angle marked a in the following molecule is about . question 24 options: a) 109.5 b) 180 c) 60 d) 120 e) 90
The bond angle marked a in the following molecule is about 120. The atomic configuration of a molecule in three dimensions is known as molecular geometry.
Bond lengths, bond angles, torsional angles, and any other geometrical factors that affect each atom's position are all included in this, along with the molecule's overall form. In a complex molecule or ion, the angle between two orbitals that contain bonding electron pairs, or bonds, that are arranged around the centre atom is referred to as the bond angle.
A molecule is a collection of two or more atoms bonded together by the attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on the context, this definition may or may not contain ions. The number of atoms that make up a molecule might vary. If there are multiple atoms, they may all be the same atom or they may all be different.
the complete question is:
The bond angle marked a in the following molecule (H4C2O2N) is about.
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for each half-reaction, which is a correct equation for an oxidation reaction? al(s) ---> al3 (aq) 3 e- na (aq) ---> na(s) e-
Al metal is converted into an aluminum ion with an oxidation number of +3, and hydrogen in water or KOH is reduced from an oxidation number of +1 to zero in hydrogen gas.
Aluminum is reduced as a result of an increase in electrons due to a decrease in the oxidation number. 4. Cu0 is the oxidized reducing agent, and Al3+ is the oxidizing agent. The Half-Reaction approach is one technique for balancing redox reactions.
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Which gas law can be used to calculate the pressure of hydrogen gas collected over water.
The overall pressure inside the container must equal the amount of the pressure of the gas we collected as well as the water vapor, according to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.
What is hydrogen gas?Hydrogen, a clean fuel, can replace methane, generally known as natural gas. It is expected to make up around 75% of the known universe mass and is the most common chemical element. Hydrogen atoms are abundant in waters, plants, animals, including, of course, human beings on this planet. The letters H and atomic number 1 stand for the chemical element hydrogen. Hydrogen is the lightest element. Hydrogen is typically a gas with the formula H2 composed of diatomic molecules. It is extremely flammable, non-toxic, tasteless, colorless, and odorless.
How is hydrogen gas made and its uses?High-Temperature Water Splitting: Chemical reactions that split water into hydrogen are fueled by high temperatures produced by solar concentrators or nuclear reactors. Photobiological Water Splitting: When water is consumed by microbes like green algae in the presence of sunshine, hydrogen is produced as a byproduct.
Fuel cells may produce energy, power, and heat using hydrogen. The two industries where hydrogen is currently most widely employed are fertilizer manufacturing and petroleum refining, with the developing markets of utilities and transportation.
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A electrolytic cell is set up as was done in this experiment but with a different metal. An average current of 144.2 mA is delivered for 16 minutes and 39 seconds. The cathode gains 0.1427 g in mass. If there are two moles of electrons transferred per mole of the metal, what is the molar mass of the metal?
The molar mass of the metal is 191.1g/mol.
Solution:
Since the formula for faraday's law of electrolysis is given by
Since m = 0.1427g, I = 144.2mA = 144.2mA *(1A/1000mA) = 0.1442 A= 0.1442C/s, t = 16min39s = 16min*(60s/1min) = 960+39 = 999 second Z = 2e-mol
Now put all values in the above formula
0.1427 g = (0.1442 C*999s*M*1 mole e-*1 mol/96485C*s*2e-mol)
M = (0.1427g*96485*2/0.1442*999*1)
M = 191.1538 g/mol = 191.1g/mol
Therefore the molar mass of metal will be 191.1g/mol.
For chemical elements that do not have isolated molecules such as carbon and metals, the molar mass is instead calculated by dividing by the number of atomic moles. Molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. The unit of molar mass is gram/mole, abbreviated g/mol.
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what volume (in ml) of water must you add to 50.0 ml of a 0.600 m libr solution to produce a 0.145 m solution? assume the volumes are additive.
The formula MaVa=MbVb is used in this dilution problem. The initial 50.00 mL solution needs to be diluted from 0.600 M to 0.145 M by the addition of 0.597 mL.
How to solve?The formula MaVa=MbVb is used
Ma=0.600M
Va=50.00ml
Mb=0.145M
Vb=(50.00+Xml)
MaVa=MbVb
(0.600)(50.00)=(0.145)(50.00+X)
30.00-0.145=(50.00+X)
29.85/50.00=X
X=0.597 ml
When a solution is diluted, which of the following remains constant?When a solution is diluted, which of the following remains constant? Dilution has no effect on the solute concentration in a solution. The moles of the solute do not change when a solvent is added to a solution, but the concentration of the solution (in molarity and in all other units) and its volume do.
How do you dilute a solution's concentration?Taking a solution of higher concentration and gradually adding water until the desired concentration is obtained is a typical technique for creating a solution of a specific concentration. This process is called dilution.
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complete the following: ( note: formulas should be entered like the following example: potassium sulfate - k2so4 , another example: zinc nitrate - zn(no3)2 ) compound ionic or covalent formula sodium oxide covalent so iron(iii) bromide ionic febr3 sodium carbonate ionic na2co3 carbon tetrachloride covalent ccl4 nitrogen tribromide covalent nbr3
Compound Ionic or Covalent Formula
sodium oxide Ionic Na2O
iron(III) bromide Ionic FeBr3
sodium carbonate Ionic Na2CO3
carbon tetrachloride covalent CCl4
nitrogen tribromide covalent NBr3
Ionic bonds, which occur when two negatively charged ions join forces with positively charged ones, are formed when one atom transfers electrons to the other. Ionic bonds may be seen in the chemical compound sodium chloride.
A: The oxygen molecule is held together by two covalent bonds because the two oxygen atoms share two pairs of electrons. Two atoms, in this case oxygen and hydrogen, share electrons to form covalent bonds. Each end of the V-shaped H2O molecule assumes a slightly different charge as a result of the uneven attraction of oxygen and hydrogen to the shared electrons.
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circle all of the species below that can form a hydrogen bond in its pure form. explain why the other species couldn't hydrogen bond
Since I2 was larger with more electrons, it has greater forces than N2, that is also nonpolar and only has London dispersion forces.
What is hydrogen used for?
Fuel cells may produce energy, power, and heat using hydrogen. The two industries where hydrogen is currently most widely employed are fertilizer manufacturing and petroleum refining, with the developing markets of utilities and transportation.
Can you drink hydrogen water?
Experts disagree whether consuming hydrogen water has any hazards. However, they were unsure if its advantages outweigh those of drinking regular water or being hydrated in general. Hypovolemia, which can be fatal, can result from excessive water intake.
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what is the mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution that is 46 perccent ethanol by mass?
The mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution that is 46 percent ethanol by mass is 0.25
Mole fraction is the mole of one of the component of the solution divided by the total moles of the solution
Calculating the mole fraction of ethanol,we get
Percentage by weight of ethyl alcohol is 46% which implies in 100 g of this solution is 46 g while the mass of the water will be 54% of 100 g = 54g.
Finding the moles of water and the ethyl alcohol {molar mass of water(H₂O) = 18 and molar mass of ethyl alcohol(C₂H₆O = 46}
Moles = mass/molar mass
moles of ethanol = 46/46 = 1
moles of water = 54/18 = 3
ntotal=1+3=4
Mole fraction of ethanol is:
Mole of ethanol = 1/4
Total mole of solution
Hence, the mole fraction is 1/4 or 0.25
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. What is the half-life of polonium-218 if a sample decays from 55. 4 g to 31. 7 g in 2. 50 minutes?.
The kinetics of first order governs nuclear decay. In the event that a sample degrades from 55.4 g - 31.7 g after 3.09 minutes, what is the polonium-218 half-life?
What is the purpose of polonium?Polonium is employed in research and antistatic devices because it is an alpha-emitter. It serves as a dominant male source there in form of a small layer on a steel disc. Eliminating static electricity from processes like rolling wire, paper, and sheet metal.
What polonium mass number is 218?For information pertaining to the periodic table chemical element polonium, please visit its element page. The chemical element of polonium is called polonium-218, and it has a half-life of 3.10 minutes and a relative atomic mass of 218.008966.
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in the glycolytic pathway, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate ( fbp ) contains one phosphate each at blank. six carbon containing fbp is acted upon by aldolase to yield two triose phosphates: dihydroxyacetone phosphate ( dhap ) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate ( gap ). the blank-bound phosphate along with blank of fbp forms dhap , while blank along with phosphate-bound blank of fbp form gap . subsequent reaction steps result in the formation of pyruvate. the blank end of dhap or blank end of gap end up as blank of pyruvate, which yields co2 as it gets dehydrogenated to acetaldehyde. the acetaldehyde is converted to ethanol in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase and nadh . hence, blank form of labeled glucose would give the most radioactivity in co2 and the least in ethanol.
Which form or forms of tagged glucose would offer yeast producing ethanol the highest radioactivity in CO2 and the least in ethanol?
What elements makes up carbon?A carbon atom has a nucleus made up of six protons and six neutrons that is encircled by six electrons. The first two electrons must occupy the inner atomic orbital according to quantum mechanics, while the other four electrons must have wavefunctions that only partially fill the second standard and three second primary orbitals.
How significant is carbon?Without carbon, there would be no way to support life on Earth. This is partially caused by carbon's propensity for forming bonds with other atoms, which gives biomolecules like DNA and RNA flexibility in their shape and functionality.
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Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°c.
Entropy change is typically 160.6 J/K.
ΔH°reaction=∑ΔH°f(reactants)+∑ΔH°f(reactants)
What does a typical entropy mean?The entropy content of one mole of a pure substance at a standard condition of pressure and any desired temperature is known as the standard molar entropy in chemistry. These are frequently (but not always) used as the typical temperature and pressure.
How is the entropy of a reaction calculated?Take an energy reading at a given temperature to calculate entropy. To quantify thermal energy transmitted (q) at a particular temperature, a calorimeter is typically used. Maintain the temperature value mathematically constant by assuming only extremely slight variations in the process's conditions.
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to what volume should you dilute 25ml of a 10m sulfuric acid solution to obtain a .150 m sulfuric acid solution
Solvent volume is 1642 ml. you create a.150 m sulfuric acid solutions by diluting 25 ml of a 10 m sulfuric acid solution.
Sulfuric acid: What is it?Oily liquid sulfuric acid is colorless. With the discharge of heat, it dissolves in water. It corrodes flesh and metals. On contact, it will scorch wood and the majority of other organic materials, although it is unlikely to start a fire.
What will happen if you get sulfuric acid on you?Sulfuric acid exposure can happen through consumption, skin contact, physical contact, breathing polluted air, and ingestion. Sulfuric acid can irritate the mouth and throat, burn your eyes, burn a hole in the gut if eaten, cause serious skin burns, and make breathing difficult if inhaled.
Briefing:Since this is a dilution question the equation to use is; C1V1=C2V2
C₁ = Initial concentration =10M
V₁ = Initial volume = 25ml
C₂ = Final concentration = 0.150M
V₂ = Final volume = ?
V₂ = C₁V₁/C₂
V₂ = 10.0M * 25 ml / 0.150m
V₂ = 1667 ml
Volume of solvent = 1667 - 25
=1642ml
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Metal carbonyls, which have the general formula M(CO)x (x can be various possible subscripts depending on the particular metal used), are important intermediates in the purification and reactivity of transition metals. Consider the following synthesis of an unknown metal carbonyl, with the indicated equilibrium constant. M (s) + x CO (g) --> M(CO)x (g) Kp = 0.133 If you add an unknown amount of the metal and carbon monoxide gas to an empty reaction flask, and at equilibrium the pressure of carbon monoxide is 2.28 atm and metal carbonyl is 7.80 atm, what was the initial pressure of carbon monoxide that you added?
Metal carbonyls are characterized as volatile, low-melting-point compounds. They are created from the compound Mx(Co)y, which upon heating breaks down into metal and carbon monoxide. Contact with the skin can make them toxic.
In some cases, such as in nickel tetracarbonyl (Ni(CO)4), these complexes are homoleptic and only contain CO ligands, but more frequently, metal carbonyls are heteroleptic and contain a variety of ligands. Mononuclear metal carbonyls have a single metal atom at their core.
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choose the aqueous solution with the lowest vapor pressure. these are all solutions of nonvolatile solutes and you should assume ideal van't hoff factors where applicable.
highest product of vant hoff factor and molality will give most lower in vapor pressure
because it depends directly on both
d option is true
vant hoff factor=3 (3ions)
3*0.06=0.18 will be highest so it is true
A substance that does not readily evaporate is referred to as a nonvolatile solute. Additionally, it does not increase the vapor pressure of the solution when dissolved in a solvent. What exactly is a nonvolatile liquid then? High melting points and low vapor pressure are characteristics of nonvolatile liquids.
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equal volumes of equimolar aqueous solutions of sodium sulfite and hydroiodic acid are mixed. what net ionic equation describes this system ?
Na₂S₂O₃(aq) + 2HCl(aq) → 2NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l) + SO₂(g) + S(s). A light yellow precipitate develops as the process continues.
What does the chemistry term "equation" mean?Reaction equation are symbolic depictions of chemical reactions where the reactants and products are stated in relation to the following chemical formulae.
Equation and response are what?What is an equations and a chemical reaction? In a chemical change, bonds between molecules of the reagent are destroyed and new bonds between molecules of the product are established to create a new substance. A chemical formula is nothing more than a statement of fact that represents how reactants generate products.
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Is the following statement TRUE or FALSE? The major organic of the following reaction is optically active. 1. BH 3. THE 2. H2O2, NaOH O True O False
True : The major organic of the following reaction is optically active. 1. BH 3. THF 2. H2O2 4.NaOH .
What is Optically active compound?The compounds which have the property to move(rotate) the plane of polarization of plane polarized lights is termed as Optically active compound. The compound that rotate the plane clockwise (to the right) are termed as dextrorotatory.
What is Plane of polarization?
Plane of polarization indicates to the direction in which linearly polarized lights are polarized.
Hence, True : The major organic of the following reaction is optically active. 1. BH 3. THF 2. H2O2 4.NaOH .
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Some cats have bobtails, which are short, stumpy tails that result from an inherited, recessive genotype (tt). Normal length tails are dominant in cats (tt, tt). When a cat with a bobtail is crossed with a cat that is heterozygous for normal tail length, what is the likelihood that the offspring will have a bobtail? 75% 50% 25% 0%.
When a cat with a bobtail (tt) is crossed with a cat that is heterozygous for normal tail length (Tt), the offspring will have the following genotypes: 50% will be Tt (normal tail length) and 50% will be tt (bobtail). This is because the heterozygous cat (Tt) carries one dominant allele (T) for normal tail length and one recessive allele (t) for bobtail. So, the likelihood that the offspring will have a bobtail is 50%. Therefore, the correct option is option 2.
Heterozygous refers to a genetic condition in which an individual carries two different alleles for a particular gene. Each gene in an organism typically has two alleles, one inherited from each parent. If an organism has two different alleles for a specific gene, it is considered heterozygous for that gene.
In this case, one allele is dominant and expresses its trait, while the other allele is recessive and remains hidden in the presence of the dominant allele. The term "heterozygous" contrasts with "homozygous," where an individual has two identical alleles for a particular gene.
Thus, the ideal selection is option 2.
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a sample of gas at is collected above water. the atmospheric pressure that day istorr. what is the partial pressure of the dry gas in mmhg?
The partial pressure of the dry gas is 739.3 mmhg.
Dalton's law of partial pressure states that the total pressure equals to the sum of partial pressure of individual gases
PTotal = PH2 + PWater
Hence it is common that the pressure of hydrogen gas is less because we have also account pressure due to vapor pressure of water. In some cases we will also include partial pressure correction term, so that
PTotal = PH2 + PWater becomes
PTotal = PH2 + PWater + Pcorrection
At 21 ^0C water vapor pressure = 18.7 torr
PTotal = PH2 + PWater
758 torr = PH2 + 18.7 torr
PH2 = 758 - 18.7 = 739.3 torr
PH2 = 739.3 mmhg
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Can someone help me? If you pass an electric current through an iron nail, you will create an electromagnet. This magnet will pick up small objects, thus demonstrating that electrical energy can be converted into mechanical energy. Is there a way to use this principle to create a motor?
Only when an electric current is running through the coil of insulated wire that is wrapped around the iron nail will it behave like a magnet. The iron nail loses its magnetism when the electric current in the coil is stopped.
What is electric current ?An electric current is a stream of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space. It is measured as the net rate of flow of electric charge through a surface or into a control volume.
An electromagnet is a magnet that consists of a piece of steel or iron encircled by a coil. When an electric current is run through the coil, the metal turns magnetic.
Thus, The iron nail loses its magnetism when the electric current in the coil is stopped.
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According to the collision model, why does increasing the temperature increase the rate of a reaction?.
As temperature rises, more collisions with sufficient energy can take place, triggering the reaction due to increase in the kinetic energy. This concept is predicted by Collission theory. Collision theory helps scientists predict the rate of various chemical reactions. Collision theory helps scientists predict the rate of various chemical reactions. According to this theory, the number of successful collisions is related to the speed or rate of the chemical reaction
What is collision model?
The collision model states that a chemical reaction can only happen when reactant molecules, atoms, or ions meet with enough kinetic energy and in the right direction.
The main requirement for a collision model is that for a reaction to occur, the reactant particles (atoms or molecules) must collide and interact with each other in some way. This idea is used to explain many of the observations made about chemical kinetics.
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if a bottle of nail polish remover contains 179 ml of acetone, how much heat would be released by its complete combustion? the density of acetone is 0.788 g/ml .
If a bottle of nail polish remover contains 179 ml of acetone, −4349.7kJ. heat would be released by its complete combustion.
Given Data:
The volume of acetone is 179 mL.
The density of acetone is 0.788 g/mL.
Below is a diagram illustrating how acetone burns.
CH3COCH3 + 4O2 = 3CO2 + 3H2O
The heat released during the given reaction is -1790 kJ/mol. The negative sign represents the release of energy.
The formula to calculate mass from density and volume is shown below.
Mass= Density × Volume
Substitute the values of density and volume of acetone in the above formula.
Mass=0.788g/mol× 179mL=141.052g
The formula to calculate number of moles is as follows.
Number of moles=Mass/ Molarmass
Acetone has a 58.08 g/mol molar mass.
Substitute the values of mass and molar mass of acetone in the above formula.
Number of moles= 141.052g/(58.08g/mol)=2.43mol
The heat that is released from combustion of one mole of acetone is -1790 kJ/mol.
So, the heat that would be released from combustion of 2.43 mole of acetone is
(−1790kJ/mol×2.43mol) that is -4349.7 kJ.
Therefore, the heat that is released by combustion of 179 mL of acetone is
−4349.7kJ.
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list all possible downward transitions for an electron in the 3d state. remember the selection rules!
All possible downward transitions for an electron in the 3d state are 1s 2s 2p 3s and 3p
In chemistry, the transition state of a chemical reaction is a particular configuration along the reaction coordinate. It is usually defined as the state corresponding to the highest potential energy along this reaction coordinate. It is often marked with the double dagger
In an atom, electrons can transition up or down depending on whether they absorb energy or emit energy. Electrons naturally want to be in the lowest possible energy state.
In an atom, electrons can transition up or down depending on whether they absorb energy or emit energy. Electrons naturally want to be in the lowest possible energy state.
Downward transitions would be possible to any lower energy level than the one the electron starts in, so all possible downward transitions for an electron in the 3d state are 1s 2s 2p 3s and 3p.
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questions: will the arsenic in well b-1 likely contaminate the water in clearwater lake? why or why not? in which direction is the contaminated water in well b-1 moving? which well will most likely show contamination of arsenic next?
Water desk elevation is the upper or below surface of the groundwater, when the soil or underlying rock material is wholly saturated with water. The water table can be contamination of ground water by hazarodus wastes, fertilisers, pesticides, acid rain etc
How can a element contaminate water table?
The water desk elevation of the Clearwater lake isn't always given. Assuming, the water desk elevation of B1 is 171ft. We recognize the idea that water flows from higher elevation to lower elevation. So the wells having elevation much less than 171 feet gets infected via way of means of B1 contaminants, however the ones are having better elevation that 171ft will no longer get infected.
And approximately the route of infected water, the infected water will float closer to the course in the Wells of decrease elevation than 171ft.
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Calculate the volume of 1. 0 x 10-4 m cv+ solution that needs to be added to a 25. 0 ml volumetric flask and diluted with deionized (di) water in order to prepare a calibration standard solution with a concentration of 1. 0 x 10-5 m cv+. As part of your preparation for performing this experiment, repeat this calculation for each of the calibration standards you would need to prepare in part i a of the experiment and record the information in your notes so that you have it ready during the lab session. Also calculate the volume of 1. 0 x 10-4 m cv+ solution required to prepare 10 ml of 3. 0 x 10-5 m cv+ solution to be used in part ii b of the experiment and record the information in your notes.
2.5 ml and 3 ml of solution, respectively, are needed to make the final concentration of.
What is calibration standard solution?Standard addition, internal standard, and external standard techniques to quantitation all employ calibration solutions. Calibrants can be made gravimetrically using reference standards or pure reference materials, but they can also be made on a volumetric or other fraction basis.
How do you prepare a calibration solution?Calculate the volume of stock solution needed for each calibration standard by deciding on its number (minimum 5) and concentration. As often as necessary, repeat the treatment. Select and create the dilution solution (such as a matrix solution or 1% acid, for example). Both the working curve method and the standard addition method can be used to calibrate an instrument.
Briefing:Calibration standard solution is the solution prepared of the known concentration for the plotting of standard curve.
For preparing the solution of known concentration and volume, the equation imputed is :
M1V1=M2V2
Where M1 and V1 are molarity and volume of known solution
M2 and V2 are molarity and volume of solution to be prepared.
Given, volume to be prepared V2 : 25 ml
concentration to be prepared : M_2:1×〖10〗^(-5) M
concentration of given solution : M_1:1×〖10〗^(-4) M
1×〖10〗^(-4)×V_1=1×〖10〗^(-5)×25
Volume of solution required is 2.5 ml.
The volume required to prepare 10 ml solution of 3×10-5 M is:
1×10-4×V1=3×10-5×10
Volume = 3 ml.
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Volume of the unknown AgNO3 solution =52.500 mL Mass of AgCl (s) 0.0143321 g (initial) 0.214981 g (final) Mole of AgCl = 0.00149999 Calculate mole and mass of AgNO3 in the 10 mL unknown solution based on the following reaction equation: NaCllaq) AgNO3aq) NaNO3aq) AgCl(s) Mole of AgNO3 in the 10 mL unknown solution Mass of AgNO3 in the 10 mL unknown solution Calculate mass of AgNO3 in the original unknown solution based on its volume Mass of AgNO3 in the original unknown solution Post Lab Assignments 1.A gravimetric analysis is done with an unknown sample containing MgSO4. A 0.5020-g solid mixture is dissolved in water and treated with an excess of Ba(NO3)2, resulting in the precipitation of 0.6168 g of BaS04 MgSO4(aq)+Ba(NO3)2(aq) _BaSO4(s)+Mg(NO3)2(a What is the mass of MgSO4 in the mixture?
The mass of AgNO₃ in 52.50g of the solution is 1.2485g.
NaCl + AgNO₃ = AgCl + NaNO₃
(10ml unknown)
Initial moles of AgCl
Mass/Molar mass
= 0.01433219/143.32 g/mol
= 1x 10⁻⁴ mol
Initial final moles of AgCl = 0.2149819/143.32 g/mol
= 1.5X 10⁻³ mol
So, Moles of AgCl are obtained by the reaction.
= 1.5×10⁻³ - 1x10⁻⁴
= 1.4 X 10⁻³ mol
from reacting stoichiometry
Moles of AgCl = Moles of AgNO₃
So, Moles of AgNO₃ in the 10ml of unknown solution = Moles of AgCl formed
= 1.4 x 10⁻³ mol
Mass of AgNO₃ in 10ml of an unknown solution
= Moles X Molar mass
= 1.4x 10⁻³ mol X 169.87 g/mol
= 0.237828g
= 0.247g
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the exchange capacity of an ion-exchange resin is defined as the number of moles of charged sites per gram of dry resin. describe how you would measure the exchange capacity of an anion-exchange resin by using standard naoh, standard hcl, or any other reagent you wish.
The exchange capacity of an anion-exchange resin can be measured using a titration method. First, a known weight of the resin is weighed out and suspended in a buffered solution of a known pH.
The resin is then titrated with a standard solution of either sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or hydrochloric acid (HCl) until the pH of the solution reaches a predetermined endpoint. The amount of titrant added during the titration is then used to calculate the moles of charged sites per gram of dry resin.
To calculate the exchange capacity, the following equation can be used:
Exchange Capacity (mol/g dry resin) = (mol titrant added) / (g dry resin)
The mol titrant added is determined from the titration curve, which is constructed by measuring the pH of the solution versus the volume of titrant added. The endpoint of the titration is typically assumed when the pH of the solution reaches a predetermined value.
To ensure accuracy, the titration should be repeated at least three times and the average of the results should be taken. This will ensure that the exchange capacity measured is an accurate representation of the resin.
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5 g of gold and 25 g of silver are mixed to form a single-phase ideal solid solution. (a) how many moles of solution are there? (b) what are the mole fractions of gold and silver?
Mole fraction for silver= 0.2317643/0.3079193
= 0.7526787
Mole fraction for gold=0.076155/0.3079193
=0.2473212
What is Molar Fraction?
The mole fraction is the product of the number of molecules of a specific component in a mixture and its total molecular weight. It serves as a means of indicating how concentrated a solution is.
It is a unit of concentration, defined as the product of the moles of a component and the moles of the entire solution. When all the parts of a solution are summed up, their mole fraction equals 1.
molar mass of silver = 107.8682g/mol
Molar mass of gold= 196.96657g/mol
Therefore mole = mass/molar mass
For silver: 25g/107.8682g/mol = 0.2317643mol
For gold: 15g/196.96657g/mol= 0.076155mol
Total number of mole= 0.2317643+0.076155
= 0.30791193mol
Mole fraction for silver= 0.2317643/0.3079193
= 0.7526787
Mole fraction for gold=0.076155/0.3079193
=0.2473212
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where does the ring oxygen come from when converting a fisher projection for an aldehyde into a haworth structure?
The O from carbon 5 becomes the O in the ring when converting a fisher projection for an aldehyde into a haworth structure.
Once you know a few strategies, changing a Fischer projection to a Haworth projection is not too difficult.
If the OH is on the right side of the Fischer for C-2, C-3, and C-4, it will be lower in the Haworth. If it is on the Fischer's left side, it will be higher up in the Haworth.
Draw the C-5 CH₂OH pointing up if the sugar is D.
Draw the C-1 OH pointing downward for the alpha for D-sugars (and up for the beta)
To further understand the stereochemistry on the ring, a bond rotation on the C5 carbon is helpful. A bond rotation is accomplished by switching any three groups on a carbon. We'll therefore do the following three "moves":
H → OH
CH₂OH, OH
CH₂OH→ H
The C5-OH is no longer pointing downward after rotation; it is now to the side. Because of the tetrahedral structure of the carbon, I depicted the bond in the picture below as "dashed." I further dashed the C2-C1 bond.
This gives us the opportunity to depict the C5-OH attacking the carbonyl carbon and rupturing the C1-O pi link to generate a new O-C1 single bond.
We now have one of two rings after proton transfer, which we can represent as Haworth projections.
Hence, The O from carbon 5 becomes the O in the ring.
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a reaction is half complete after 20 minutes. after 40 minutes, the reaction is twothirds complete. when will the reaction be 90% complete?
A reaction is half complete after 20 minutes. after 40 minutes, the reaction is two thirds complete. the reaction be 90% complete is 180 minutes.
the half life expression is given as :
1 / [A] = 1 / [A]o + kt
[A] is the concentration of reactant at time t. The starting reactant concentration is 1 M.
t1/2 = 1 / k[A]o
20 min = 1 / k(1)
k = 0.050 min
1 / [A] = 1 / [A]o + kt
1 / [A] = 1 / 1 + ( 0.050 × 40 min)
[A] = 0.33 M
this means the reaction is two third complete. when the reaction is 90 % and [A] = 0.100 M. then,
1 / [A] = 1 / [A]o + kt
1 / 0.100 M = 1 / 1 + ( 0.050 ) t
t = 9 / 0.050
t = 180 min
Thus the time is 180 min.
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What happens to the temperature of a mixture of ice and liquid water as heat is applied at a constant rate?.
The mixture's temperature rises as the ice melts and then keeps rising at the same rate after all of the ice has melted.
What happens to the temperature of an ice water mixture when it is heated up while the ice and water are still present?Up until all of the bonds keeping the molecules in a crystal structure have been broken, nothing can be done to raise the kinetic energy of the molecules in the liquid state. So long as there is ice to melt, the temperature doesn't change. When water is heated to boiling, the same process takes place.
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