explain the mechanism by which the fungal toxin brefeldin a affects retrieval of kdel-tagged proteins from the cis-golgi network back to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

Brefeldin A is an intracellular protein transport inhibitor. Protein transfer to the Golgi complex is blocked in Brefeldin A-treated cells, resulting in protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum. When berberine is added during the last hour of in-vitro cell activation, the identification of intracellular cytokines is improved. Brefeldin A is useful for detecting a wide range of human intracellular cytokines.


Related Questions

Approximately 75% of all breast cancers grow in response to
the hormone estrogen. An additional 65% of cancers also
grow in response to the hormone progesterone. A targeted
therapy that prevents activation of estrogen and progesterone
receptors in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type
of patient?

Answers

Answer:

In which the cause of cancer is the estrogen and progesterone hormones.

Explanation:

A targeted  therapy that prevents activation of estrogen and progesterone  receptors in breast cancer would be beneficial to the type  of patient in which the breast cancer occurs due to estrogen and progesterone hormones. Targeted therapy is a type of therapy that uses drugs or other substances to  attack certain types of cancer cells. This therapy deactivated estrogen and progesterone hormones which is the cause of cancer disease in patient.

A targeted therapy that prevents activation of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer would be beneficial to the type of patient where the cause of the cancer is due to the estrogen and progesterone hormones.

The targeted therapy simply means a form of therapy where drugs are used in attacking cancer cells. It helps in deactivating the estrogen and progesterone hormones.

Cancer cells grow in response to both hormones. Therefore, the therapy will be beneficial to the patient where the cause of the cancer is due to the estrogen and progesterone hormones.

Read related link on:

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A scientist is attempting to build a cladogram that shows the evolutionary closeness of three organisms in relation to humans.
After doing DNA analysis, they determine that the organisms share the following percentages of DNA:
Organism A and humans share 85% of their DNA.
Organism B and humans share 80% of their DNA.
Organism C and humans share 90% of their DNA,
Based on this information, which order should they go on the cladogram (from least related to most related)?
(1 point)
O A, B, C, humans
OB, A, C, humans
o C, B, A, humans
OC, A, B, humans

Answers

B, A, C, Humans is the correct answer

Heyo! ;D

So, just to give you a heads up, these do change and sometimes vary for some, however please make sure before you look into these. Thanks! Just pre-warning!

1. The two organisms that are the most closely related would be:

~A and C~

2. Based on the information of percentages of DNA, the order they should go on the cladogram (from least related to most related) would be:

~B, A, C, humans~

3. The evidence that would support the relationships shown on the graph between amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals would be:

~Mammals have more genes in common with birds than with amphibians.~

4. The piece of evidence, if true, that would most likely weaken the hypothesis that humans and chimpanzees have a common ancestor to gorillas would be:

~The cells of the eye on embryos of gorillas and humans follow a similar pattern of development while chimpanzee embryos are different.~

5.  The similarity of the structures of the forelimbs of bats and humans are known as:

~homologies~

because they result from species evolving:

~from the same common ancestor~

6. The suggestion above discussing the fact "all vertebrate embryos have a tail and gill slits at some point during embryonic development" helps to suggest that:

~These species share a common ancestor.~

7. The conclusion that can be made based on the statement "Fossil A is found closer to the surface compared to Fossil B." would be:

~Fossil B is most likely older than Fossil A.~

8. The statement that could be used to explain the similarity of the developmental process of vertebrate embryos would be:

~All vertebrates develop a backbone that protects the spinal cord.~

9. The term for the remains, imprints, or traces of living things from a previous geological age would be:

~Fossils~

10. The reason some mutations, or changes in the sequence of DNA, don't have any effect on the characteristics of the organisms would be:

~The mutated sequence still codes for the same amino acid.~

11.  What is typically studies when analyzing not-yet-born (or unhatched) animals is:

~embryological development.

12. What scientists can analyze to get a better understanding of how plants and animals evolved from a common ancestor is:

~DNA molecules~

13-16. The rest of the questions are written responses, 13-15 being short answers and the last being a single 3-5 sentence response. But no fear! These are rather easy ones to do by yourself. Or, if you really need help, I found a lot of really helpful responses on here. Anyways, good luck!

Earthquake waves travel in all direction from the focus of an earthquake.
T
F

Answers

It should be true because that is usually what happens when energy is released from an earthquake.

How does sugar cross the cell membrane to get into a cell?

Answers

Answer:

Glucose cannot move across a cell membrane via simple diffusion because it is simple large and is directly rejected by the hydrophobic tails. Instead it passes across via facilitated diffusion which involves molecules moving through the membrane by passing through channel proteins.

Explanation:

Match the following terms with their best/ most reasonable descriptions: Group of answer choices self-propagating mechanism by which a desired genetic variant can be spread through a population faster than traditional Mendelian inheritance [ Choose ] likely sequence of a piece of DNA [ Choose ] replicated pieces or fragments of DNA [ Choose ] the number of unique reads that include a given nucleotide in the reconstructed DNA sequence [ Choose ] study of how genes affect a person’s response to particular drugs [ Choose ] original method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA, also called "chain termination method" [ Choose ] aligning the sequenced fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence

Answers

Answer:

1. Gene drive.

2. Consensus.

3. Clones.

4. Coverage.

5. Pharmacogenomics.

6. Sanger sequencing.

7. Sequence assembly.

Explanation:

Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is an organic complex-molecular structure found in all living organisms. It comprises of genes and is essentially the foundation block of all living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.

The human somatic cell is made up of 46 chromosomes which are sub-divided into 22 pairs of autosomes and a pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y). An autosome is one of the numbered chromosome that is typically not a sex chromosome.

On the other hand, sex chromosomes (X and Y) are responsible for determining the gender or sex of living organisms such as humans.

The various terminologies used in the field of genetics and their respective description are matched below;

1. Gene drive: self-propagating mechanism by which a desired genetic variant can be spread through a population faster than traditional Mendelian inheritance.

2. Consensus: likely sequence of a piece of DNA.

3. Clones: replicated pieces or fragments of DNA.

4. Coverage: the number of unique reads that include a given nucleotide in the reconstructed DNA sequence.

5. Pharmacogenomics: study of how genes affect a person’s response to particular drugs.

6. Sanger sequencing: original method for determining the nucleotide sequence of DNA, also called "chain termination method."

7. Sequence assembly: aligning the sequenced fragments from a longer DNA sequence in order to reconstruct the original sequence.

what are the three waves of an earthquake? fastet to slowest​

Answers

Explanation:

What are the three waves of an earthquake? Fastet to Slowest

ANS: An earthquake generates three kinds of waves: surface waves (L waves), which are the slowest and weakest; shear (S) waves, which are transverse waves and carry most of the energy; and pressure (P) waves, which are longitudinal waves and travel the fastest. The speed of P waves is approximately 7.0 km/s, and that of S waves is about 4.0 km/s.

This is the Answer for this question :3

I hope you are having a great day :3

Human blood type is determined by three alleles IA, IB, and IO. The alleles IA and IB are co-dominant to each other, and both are dominant to IO. Within a large, randomly mating population (540,000 individuals), the frequencies for the blood type alleles are 0.3 for the IA allele, 0.6 for the IO allele, and 0.1 for the IB allele. What percentage of the type A people are heterozygotes (IAIO)?

Answers

Answer:

36% → IAi

Explanation:

Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files

Highest concentration of life exists in top 200 meters of ocean why?

Answers

Answer : Amount of sun light matters

What is active transport?​

Answers

Answer:

Transportation of substances in cells, where they travel against the concentration gradient. However, it requires ATP to do so.

Explanation:

A student wants to use a spinning basketball to model the day and not cycle on Earth
What should the student do in order to best model the cause of the day and night cycle?
HeLP!!

Answers

Answer: Shine a bright light on one side of the ball.

Explanation: The light replicates the Sun shining light on one side of the Earth.

please help! In which type of ecosystem would fire most likely be a limiting factor for plant species?
A. ponds C. wetland

B. prairie D. coral reef

Answers

Answer:

Prairie I think because the rest most likely would not catch fire.

B BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB;BBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ITS B

b) Imagine that you are conducting tests shortly after a nuclear accident. Using potted moss plants as you experimental organisms, design an experiment to test the hypothesis that the frequency of mutations decreases with the organism’s distance from the source of radiation.

Answers

I I honestly don’t know but maybe the answer could be c

What is the objective of SAE?​

Answers

Answer:

brainliest plssssss

Explanation:

The purpose of SAE is to give you a wide variety of experiences to explore the career field you are interested in. The majority of SAE programs are performed outside of regular class time, either at your home or in a place of business. Understanding professionalism and safety is important in conducting an SAE program.

how many corals are dead in the Caribbean? ​

Answers

Answer:

over 50 percent of the world's coral reefs have died in the last 30 years and up to 90 percent may die within the next century—very few pristine coral reefs still exist. The impact of our changing climate on coral reefs was manifested by the third global bleaching event in 2015/16.

Explanation:

Which of the following occur during the first trimester of development? (Choose ALL that apply.)
A. heartbeat can be heard
B. fetus turns to head down position
C. fetus "breathes" amniotic fluid
D. heart and brain begin to form
E. bones harden
F. arms and legs begin to develop
G. lungs fully develop
H. eyes open and blink

Answers

I would think it’s
A
F
D
G
C
Hope that right

1)The cell theory includes all of these concepts exceptA)all cells come from the division of preexisting cells.B)each cell maintains homeostasis at the cellular level.C)cells are the building blocks of all organisms.D)every cell is capable of living on its own if isolated from the body.E)cells are the smallest units that carry out the essential functions of life

Answers

Answer:

They provide structure for the body, take in nutrients from food, convert those nutrients into energy, and carry out specialized functions. Cells also contain the body's hereditary material and can make copies of themselves. Cells have many parts, each with a different function.

Explanation:

Which statement describes a source of air pollution and an effect of this pollutant?
Choose the correct answer.
Nuclear power plants release methane, which can damage DNA.
O Coal plants release carbon dioxide, which contributes to global warming.
Industrial bakeries release airborne metals, which can cause neurological damage.
O Wind turbines release particulate matter, which can cause respiratory problems in humans and
animals.

Answers

Answer:

Nuclear power plants release methane, which can damage DNA.

Explanation:

stationary sources – such as power plants, oil refineries, industrial facilities, and factories. area sources – such as agricultural areas, cities, and wood burning fireplaces.

Please help I will give brainliest. If you do not know the answer than please do not respond and waste my points.

Answers

1. A  2.G  3.D  4.I  5.B

The Tait BioLink monitor is considered a communication device. What type of information does it convey? Heart rate, breathing, and temperature For whom is the BioLink designed? Describe how BioLink could prove helpful for a police officer conducting a drug raid.

Answers

Answer:

Tait BioLink is used for communicating Heart rate, breathing and general wellness of individual to the incident commander

Explanation:

Tait BioLink is considered a communication device used for conveying Heart rate, breathing and general wellness of individual that maybe involved in a form of unsafe act. it is  designed for Incident First responders agents like The police, SWAT or Incident commanders

The use of Tait BioLink monitor can help the police during a drug raid by communicating the response of the vital organs to the effect of drugs in the system of the drug user

Your friend is wary of environmentalists' claims that global warming could lead to major biological change on Earth. Which of the following statements can you use in response to your friend's suspicions?

a. Many plants and animals are susceptible to slight changes in their local environments.
b. All answer choices are correct. Global warming could have significant effects on agriculture in the United States, upon which many American rely for income.
c. We can observe evidence that atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased over the past 150 years.
d. Through measurements and observations, we know that carbon dioxide levels and temperature fluctuations are directly correlated, even in prehistoric times.

Answers

Answer: The correct statement used in response to the suspicions should contain all the statements, therefore all answer choices are correct. (a, b, c, and d).

Explanation:

Global warming is an environmental situation in which there is an abnormal rise in temperature around the world due to increase in carbondioxide and other greenhouse gases such as carbon monoxide,chlorofluorocarbons, nitrogen oxides and lead.

The consequences that may emerge due to the global warming includes'

--> Reduction in biodiversity: atmospheric changes in the environment can cause mass extinction of plants and animal species that cannot migrate to new areas. Therefore option A is correct.

--> change in food production: Current climate models project 10 - 70% decline in the global yield of key food crop and a loss in current crop land area of which United States is not an exception. Therefore option B is correct.

--> Increase in atmospheric carbondioxide: this is as a result of Increased dependency on fossil fuels for energy production. Option C is correct.

--> Greenhouse effect: the unabsorbed carbondioxide becomes traped in the upper atmosphere preventing the radiation of solar energy back into the space. This leads to an increase in the global temperature which is called greenhouse effect. Therefore option D is correct.

gregor Mendel demonstrated that then Heritance of genetic traits determined by

Answers

Answer:

Gregor Mendel, through his work on pea plants, discovered the fundamental laws of inheritance. He deduced that genes come in pairs and are inherited as distinct units, one from each parent. Mendel tracked the segregation of parental genes and their appearance in the offspring as dominant or recessive traits.

Explanation:

How do endoparasites survive inside the body of the host?

Answers

Endoparasites have extreme specialisations which makes their life cycles more complex. Some examples of endoparasites are Taenia solium and Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke), etc.

The special structures possessed by endoparasites are as follows:

➥ Hooks .

➥ Dorsoventrally flattened body.

➥ High reproductive potential.

➥ Indirect development.

Describe how the lactic acid produced in muscle cells enters the blood​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Fast-twitch muscle also uses glycolysis to produce energy, but it skips harvesting energy from pyruvate, a process that takes oxygen. Instead, pyruvate gets converted into a waste product, lactic acid, and released into the bloodstream

Answer: Lactic acid is produced in your muscles when you perform strenuous exercise. It’s produced mainly in muscle cells and red blood cells when the body breaks down carbohydrates for energy when oxygen levels are low. These levels decreases during intense exercise or when a person has an infection or disease.

Explanation:Hope this helped (:

Which organisms are most similar in their embryonic state?​

Answers

Answer:

The mouse and chicken have the closest relationship of the 5 presented because they have the most shared characteristics through their embryonic development. 3. Why do you think scientists study the embryological development of different species?

PLEASE HELP ME ON BOTH QUESTIONS!!!!! Giving away 10 points!!!

Answers

Answer:  4. d 5. the sand.

Explanation:


Will mark brainlist if the answer is correct

Answers

Condensation ....................,...

Which food item should you eat if you wished to have the least impact on the enironment as possibe?

Turkey
A steak
Cheesecake
Mashed potatoes

Answers

Answer:

The last one, mashed potato

Write what you know about natural selection

Answers

Explanation:

I think The Natural selection is the process in nature by which organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those less adapted to their environment. For example, treefrogs are sometimes eaten by snakes and birds

HELP PLEAASEEE
Which air mass is likely to form over Minneapolis and what weather conditions would it bring?







Question 5 options:

mT bringing warm moist conditions


cT bringing warm dry conditions


mP bringing cold and moist conditions


cP bringing cold and dry conditions

Answers

Answer: The answer is cT bringing warm dry conditions

Explanation: Because, What type of weather does an air mass usually bring?

They can bring anything from tropical warm and humid days to arctic cold depending on the type of air mass. Fronts form the boundaries of air masses with differing properties. The most severe weather usually occurs when dry-cold continental polar air clashes with warm-humid maritime tropical air.

The crayfish, like some other animals, can regenerate lost appendages. It can
also undergo autotomy. Investigate autotomy in crayfish. What is it? How is it
related to regeneration?

Answers

Crayfish exoskeleton is the part of the creature which shows autotomy and regeneration.

What is autotomy?

Autotomy or self-amputation is the behavior of an animal shedding or discarding one or more of its own appendages, frequently as a self-defense technique to elude a predator's grasp or to distract the predator and thus allow escape.

Are Autotomy and regeneration the same mechanisms?

No. Autotomy and regeneration are different processes however they are similar:

Certain living organisms like crayfish exhibit two processes: autotomy and regeneration.The primary distinction between autotomy and regeneration is that during autotomy, body parts are eliminated or shed from the body, but during regeneration, body parts are replaced or formed into a new creature or the amputated body part is regrown

How does crayfish undergo autotomy and regeneration?Crayfish belong to the class of crustacenas which regularly shed their exoskeleton through autotomy and regrow a new one through regeneration.the exoskeleton is rigid and hence does not grow along the size of the creature which allows the creature to shed it off. this process is known as MOLTING.Crayfish molt because as their size grows, they must shed their hard exoskeletons and grow new, larger ones. A crayfish molts six to ten times throughout its first year of existence.Molting normally takes only a few minutes. On the back side, the crawfish's brittle exoskeleton breaks between the carapace (head) and abdomen (tail), and the crawfish normally retreats by tail flipping.

hence autotomy and regeneration go along each other in crayfish.

learn more about Crayfish exoskeleton here:

https://brainly.com/question/15094317

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