Excerpt from Federalist
Read the passage.

excerpt from Federalist No. 78 by Alexander Hamilton

In 1787 and 1788, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison wrote the Federalist Papers to persuade voters to ratify the proposed Constitution of the United States of America. These papers included essays about all three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. In Federalist No. 78, Hamilton focused specifically on the judicial branch.

Whoever attentively considers the different departments of power must perceive, that, in a government in which they are separated from each other, the judiciary, from the nature of its functions, will always be the least dangerous to the political rights of the Constitution; because it will be least in a capacity to annoy or injure them. The Executive not only dispenses the honors, but holds the sword of the community. The legislature not only commands the purse, but prescribes the rules by which the duties and rights of every citizen are to be regulated. The judiciary, on the contrary, has no influence over either the sword or the purse; no direction either of the strength or of the wealth of the society; and can take no active resolution whatever. It may truly be said to have neither FORCE nor WILL, but merely judgment; and must ultimately depend upon the aid of the executive arm even for the efficacy of its judgments.

This simple view of the matter suggests several important consequences. It proves incontestably, that the judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power; that it can never attack with success either of the other two; and that all possible care is requisite to enable it to defend itself against their attacks. It equally proves, that though individual oppression may now and then proceed from the courts of justice, the general liberty of the people can never be endangered from that quarter; I mean so long as the judiciary remains truly distinct from both the legislature and the Executive. For I agree, that "there is no liberty, if the power of judging be not separated from the legislative and executive powers.'' And it proves, in the last place, that as liberty can have nothing to fear from the judiciary alone, but would have every thing to fear from its union with either of the other departments; that as all the effects of such a union must ensue from a dependence of the former on the latter, notwithstanding a nominal and apparent separation; that as, from the natural feebleness of the judiciary, it is in continual jeopardy of being overpowered, awed, or influenced by its co-ordinate branches; and that as nothing can contribute so much to its firmness and independence as permanency in office, this quality may therefore be justly regarded as an indispensable ingredient in its constitution, and, in a great measure, as the citadel of the public justice and the public security.

The complete independence of the courts of justice is peculiarly essential in a limited Constitution. By a limited Constitution, I understand one which contains certain specified exceptions to the legislative authority; such, for instance, as that it shall pass no bills of attainder, no ex-post-facto laws, and the like. Limitations of this kind can be preserved in practice no other way than through the medium of courts of justice, whose duty it must be to declare all acts contrary to the manifest tenor of the Constitution void. Without this, all the reservations of particular rights or privileges would amount to nothing.

Question 4 (3.75 points)
How does Hamilton's use of the phrase "beyond comparison" and the word never in this excerpt from Paragraph 2 affect the passage?

It proves incontestably, that the judiciary is beyond comparison the weakest of the three departments of power; that it can never attack with success either of the other two; . . . that . . . the general liberty of the people can never be endangered from that quarter; I mean so long as the judiciary remains truly distinct from both the legislative and the Executive.

Question 4 options:

They help convey the intensity of Hamilton's belief in his position.

They help convey the honesty with which Hamilton approaches the subject.

They help provide specifics about Hamilton's position.

They help provide a diverse sample of opinions on the subject.

Answer:

They help convey the intensity of Hamilton's belief in his position.

Explanation:

The words "beyond comparison" and "never" are very strong words, by which Hamilton lets the reader know that he feels very strongly (intensely) in his position on the subject.

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a.
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b.
Reasons are a way of organizing evidence into an effective argument.

c.
Evidence is simply another word for "reasons."

d.
Evidence is a way of organizing reasons into a logical argument.

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O A. Why to Avoid Meat
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Item 5
What is the main role of the Presidential cabinet?

to conduct foreign affairs


to overrule Presidential decisions


to approve judges




to advise the President

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apogee


spring


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Question: What are the differences between Deza’s old school in Gary, Indiana, and her new school in Flint, Michigan? Cite text evidence to support your answer.


Text: From Chapter Twenty-Two: Learning How to Settle in Flint I’d been having such a good time being Little Stew and trying to fill in all the missing words from the Reader’s Digest that time had completely run off and forgot all about me! “But, Mother, Miss Stew needs me to—” “You aren’t suggesting you stay here and help Stew instead of going to school, are you?” When she said it like that, it did seem silly. ***On the outside, schools in Flint seemed a lot like schools in Gary, but they weren’t. Instead of having one teacher all day, in Flint we went from classroom to classroom and teacher to teacher for each subject. The teachers were different too. First, all of them were white, and second, they weren’t anywhere as nice as the teachers in Gary. But one of Mrs. Needham’s lessons stuck: I was learning how to toughen up. I got my usual As on the tests in mathematics, geography, civics and history. After my first mathematics test, when class was dismissed, Mrs. Scott called me to her desk. “Deza, have you always done so well in math? You’re the only student who got a perfect score.” I sounded very humble, but the truth’s the truth. “Yes, ma’am. Mathematics is one of my favorite subjects.” It was great to be back in school! “Could I ask you a favor?” Maybe she wanted me to help some of my classmates. Even though they were white, some of them were the spittin’ image of Dolly Peaches and Benny Cobb. She slid a paper toward me. It had five unsolved story problems on it. “Could you sit right there, right now, and solve these for me?” Maybe Mrs. Scott was seeing if I was ready for harder work. I finished in no time. She looked them over. “Hmm, perfect again, but next time you must make sure to show all your work. You’re dismissed.” I was surprised that was all she said. In English class I really showed how much I’d toughened up. Flint teachers don’t have the imaginations that Gary teachers do, so instead of giving grades back so everyone knows what you got, they walk around the class and hand your test or paper back to you. Upside down. Mr. Smith was passing out our first essay. I’d followed all of Mrs. Needham’s advice. I’d written it at the Flint Public Library and was very careful not to use the dictionary or the thesaurus too much. And I didn’t digress at all. I made sure my posture was good, crossed my ankles and folded my hands on the desk when he got close to me. He handed me my paper and smiled. “Very good job.” My heart flew! “Thank you, sir.” I turned my paper over. He’d written, “Good for you!” and put a giant C+ with three exclamation points. I turned the paper back over. Maybe I saw it wrong. I looked again but it was the same. One sign that I had toughened up was that instead of crying I thought of a little joke that Jimmie said he did whenever he didn’t like his grade. “I turn the paper over, then, the same way people bang on a machine it if ain’t acting right, I smack my hand on the paper. Maybe if I bang it hard enough my grade will jump up a mark!” It was nonsense, but I slapped my hand on Mr. Smith’s essay. I turned the paper back over and smiled. I’d have to tell Jimmie that it still wasn’t working. Mrs. Needham would’ve been proud. Instead of bawling, I looked at Mr. Smith’s back and said to myself, “OK, buster, I’m going to make sure my next essay is the best thing I’ve ever written. You won’t have any choice but to give me my A plus.” When me and Loretta were walking back to camp I asked, “What grade did you get on your essay?” “I don’t know, the same old D. What’d you get?” “C plus.” She stopped walking. “Uh-oh, no, you didn’t!” I showed her my grade. “Ooh, girl, you must be real smart.” “For getting a C plus?” “All these teachers up here at Whittier’s prejudice. Katherine Williams was the smartest colored girl in the school and all she use to get was a C. You must be a genius to get a C plus!” She laughed. “I’m gonna see if I can sit next to you when we take our next exam!”

Which of these words is NOT a coordinating conjunction?
ОА.
for
OB.
nor
Ос.
there
OD.
SO
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Read the following excerpt from the article "Vision, Voice and the Power of Creation: An Author Speaks Out," by T. A. Barron, and answer the question that follows:

Another way to tap the power of imagination is through place. My own background as a writer is rooted in nature, having grown up reading Henry David Thoreau, Rachel Carson, and John Muir long before I ever dipped into Madeleine L'Engle, Lloyd Alexander, Ursula Le Guin, E. B. White, or J.R.R. Tolkien. My early writings were really nature journals; at nine, I wrote a complete biography—of a tree. (It was a once-majestic chestnut tree not far from my home.) So it should come as no surprise that I view place as much more than just a setting for a story. It is, in truth, another form of character, no less alive and complex, mysterious and contradictory, than the richest character in human form.

What does this paragraph imply about the way the author would treat the setting in his work?

——————————————————————————————————————————————

The author does not think the setting or place of a story is important.

The author thinks the setting or place is the most important part of a story.

The author does not think the other parts of a story are important.

The author thinks the setting can

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Identify two permanent changes Brian experienced in his life after being rescued?
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