draw the organic products of the reaction shown. draw charges and the counterion. draw hydrogens on oxygen and nitrogen where appropriate and draw charges where needed.

The ability of carbon to establish stable bonds with numerous elements, including itself, is the cause. Due to this characteristic, carbon can take the form of a vast range of very massive and complicated compounds.

Coal, toxic gases, and crude oil are all utilized as fuels  gasoline. It is used to create a variety of products, including plastic and steel alloys combination carbon or iron. Even black ink in printers and painting is produced with it.

Without carbon, life on the planet would not be conceivable. This is partly caused by the ease with which carbon can establish bonds to other atoms, providing flexibility.

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The concentration of solute s in hexane  is 11.62.

Given

Partifion coefficient [tex]$=4 \cdot 4$[/tex]

[tex]$$\begin{aligned}\text { Partition coebbicient } & =\frac{[\text { Shexane }]}{[\text { Swak] }]} \\4 . 4 & =\frac{[\text { Sherate }]}{0.024} \\{[\text { Snewane }] } & =4.4 \times 0.024 \mathrm{~m} \\& =0.1056 \mathrm{~m} \\& =0.10 \mathrm{~m}\end{aligned}$$[/tex]

[tex]\begin{aligned}& \text { Partition coetficient }=\frac{\frac{\text { moles }}{\text { volune }} \text { of } \sin \text { Lexane }}{\frac{\text { moles }}{\text { vilum }} \text { ob } s \text { in }} \\& 4.4=\frac{\frac{\text { mol sherake }}{24.0 \mathrm{~mL}}}{\frac{\text { molwater. }}{65.0 \mathrm{~mL}}} \\& \frac{\text { mol S hexare }}{\text { mol } S_{\text {watex }}}=\frac{4.4 \times 84.0 \mathrm{~mL}}{65.0 \mathrm{~mL}} \\& =1.624 \\& =11.62 \\&\end{aligned}[/tex]

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As a result, it will take 48 hours for potassium-42 radiation levels to drop to 1/16 of their initial levels.

The average annual radiation exposure per person in the United States is 6.2 millisieverts (620 millirem), according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). These average dose's sources are depicted in the pie chart below. The average annual radiation exposure per person in the United States is 6.2 millisieverts (620 millirem), according to the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). These average dose's sources are depicted in the pie chart below. The primary source of exposure for the majority of people is naturally occurring background radiation. Although they can exceed 50 mSv/yr, they normally fall between 1.5 and 3.5 millisievert per year.

As low as reasonably possible, but not more than 5,000 millirems. It is advised that the total lifetime exposure not exceed the age times 1,000 millirems. The annual occupational limit for minors under 18 who are exposed to radiation is 500.

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If 60 g of a radioactive source voluntarily declines to 15 g within 16 hours, the radioisotope's half-life is 8 hours.

The quantity of protons with in atomic nuclei of component atoms of the same chemical is the same, but the neutron count varies. The radioactive materials of an element are called radioisotopes. They can alternatively be described as atoms with excess electricity in their nucleus or unstable neutron-proton combinations. Actual radiation levels are reported using the Contributes to the ongoing (Bq), the global unit, or the Cobalt (Ci), official machine in the U. S.. Alternative photodiode varieties may be used instead of gamma counters, which are widely used to measure environmental parameters.

Half life = total life/2

Half life = 16/2

Half life = 8 hours

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Because heat is continuously used by the process of altering a substance's state by defeating the forces of attraction between the particles, the temperature of a substance stays constant at its melting and boiling points until all of it melts or boils.

The energy that is given during a change in the state of matter is used to alter the binding energies rather than boost the kinetic energy of the molecules. As a result, the temperature doesn't change. Even when heat is continuously applied, a substance's temperature doesn't change while melting or boiling because the heat is used up to change the state of the substance by dissolving the intermolecular force of attraction. Intermolecular force is the force of attraction that unites two atoms or molecules to form a molecule or other substance. In essence, nature is attractive. It also works between atoms and ions. For matter that is solid, liquid, or gaseous, the intermolecular force differs.

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The compounds are important for determine the rate (kinetics), they are the substrate or electrophile and nucleophile. substrate's reactivity, affected  the strength leaving group and the steric hinderance or crowding around.

The  SN² reaction is a bimolecular substitution reaction. Bimolecular means that two different compounds are important for determine the rate (kinetics), they are the substrate and the electrophile.

There are two major factors that affect the substrate's reactivity, they are the strength of the leaving group and the steric hindrance  or crowding around leaving group.

Thus, An SN² reaction is the bimolecular and substrate and the nucleophile are important for the rate determination.

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The total pressure in the flask is 1.6 atm.

given that :

pressure H₂ = 3.5 atm

volume H₂ = 2 L

pressure N₂ = 2.6 atm

volume N₂ = 1.5 L

Total volume = 7 L

total pressure = ?

the formula i give as :

PH₂ V H₂  +  PN₂ VN₂ = P total V total

Pressure total = (PH₂ V H₂  +  PN₂ VN₂) V total

                       = ( 3.5 × 2 + 2.6 × 1.5 ) / 7

                       = 1.6 atm

Thus, a sample of H₂ gas (2.0 l) at 3.5 atm was combined with 1.5 l of N₂ gas at 2.6 atm pressure at a constant temperature of 25°c into a 7.0 l flask. the total pressure in the flask is 1.6 atm.

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Considering no change of pressure, the size of the gas at the high temp is 12.09L.

The equilibrium will move to the side where there are less moles of gas as pressure rises. The equilibrium will move toward the reactants side where there are more gas molecules when the pressure is reduced.

Briefing :

To solve this we assume that the hydrogen gas is an ideal gas. Then, we can use the ideal gas equation which is expressed as PV = nRT. At a constant pressure and number of moles of the gas the ratio T/V is equal to some constant. At another set of condition of temperature, the constant is still the same. Calculations are as follows:

T1 / V1 = T2 / V2

V2 = T2 x V1 / T1

V2 = (100 + 273.15) K x 2.50 L / (-196 + 273.15) K

V2 = 12.09 L

Therefore, the volume would increase to 12.09 L as the temperature is increased to 100 degrees Celsius.

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Pb+2(aq) + 2Br-(aq) ------ PbBr(s) (option A) is the net ionic equation for the reaction of equal volumes of 0.2 M lead(II) nitrate solutions and potassium bromide for the formation of lead(11) bromide as a yellow precipitate.

To determine the net ionic equation, we start from the balanced equation

Lead Nitrate + Potassium Bromide ------ Lead Nitrate + Potassium Bromide

PbNO3 (aq) + KBr (aq) → PbBr (s) + KNO3 (aq)

PbNO3 (aq) + KBr (aq) → PbBr (s) + KNO3- (aq)

Pb+2(aq) + NO3-(aq)+K+(aq)+Br-(aq) ----- K+(aq)+NO3-(aq)+PbBr (S)

Pb+2(aq) + 2Br-(aq) ------ PbBr(s)

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Answer:

1.66x10^-24 M

Explanation:

By definition, 1 mole = 6.02x10^23 particles, or molecules, in this case.  Use this relationship as a conversion factor:

((1 mole)/(6.02x10^23 molecules))

Use this conversion factor to calculate moles of the solute when only 1 molecule is present:

(1 molecule)/((1 mole)/(6.02x10^23 molecules)) = 1.66x10^-24 moles

The molecules cancel, leaving only moles.

Concentration, by definition, is the moles per liter of a solute.  Take the

1.66x10^-24 moles and divide by the volume, which is 1.0L here:

(1.66x10^-24 moles solute)/(1.0 Liter) = 1.66x10^-24 molar, or 1.66x10^-24 M

Answer:

Explanation:

When two atoms share one electron pair, they are said to be joined by a single covalent bond.

In a nitrogen molecule, each nitrogen atom has five valence electrons.

Two nitrogen atoms are connected via a triple covalent bond.

NaOH has the characteristic of being deliquescent; hence, it cannot be weighed directly; rather, a saturated solution is diluted to get the appropriate concentration.

The process of deliquescent is explained using sodium hydroxide.

When a material absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air to the point that it becomes dissolved and forms a solution, this process is known as deliquescence.

To make soap, rayon, paper, explosive materials, colors, and petroleum products, manufacturers can employ sodium hydroxide. Processing cotton fabric, cleaning and processing metal, applying an oxide layer, electroplating, and electrolytic extraction are further uses for sodium hydroxide.

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The polyatomic ion out of the given options is hydroxide ion that consists of two atoms.

Polyatomic ions are the one that are composed of two or more than two atoms/elements.

The formula for Iron (II) ion is Fe2+.

The formula for Chloride ion is Cl-.

The formula for magnesium ion is Mg2+.

The formula for hydroxide ion is OH-.

In hydroxide ion, there are two atoms i.e., one hydrogen and one oxygen atom. Therefore, it is considered as a polyatomic ion.

Thus, option b is the correct choice.

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2.4 L is volume of the balloon if 0.70 moles of gas are added

What is volume of a gas?

The area occupied by gaseous particles under normal temperature and pressure circumstances is referred to as the volume of the gas.

The symbol for it is "V."

Litres, abbreviated "L," are the SI unit of volume.

A mole of gas at normal temperature has a volume of 24 m3, or 24000 cm3.

The term "molar volume of a gas" refers to this quantity.

assuming ideal gas:

PV = RTn

∴ R = 0.082 atm.L/K.mol

∴ V1 =  2 L

∴ n1 = 3.50 mol

∴ T1 = 25°C ≅ 298 K

⇒ P1 = (RT1n1)/(V1) = ((0.082 atm.L/K.mol)(298 K)(3.50 mol))/(2 L)

⇒ P1 = 42.763 atm

with pressure and temperature held constant:

∴ T2 = T1 = 298 K

∴ P2 = P1 = 42.763 atm

∴ n2 = 0.70 mol + 3.50 mol = 4.20 mol

⇒ V2 = (RT2n2)/P2

⇒ V2 = ((0.082 atm.L/K.mol)(298 K)(4.20 mol))/(42.763  atm)

⇒ V2 = 2.4 L

Hence, 2.4 L is volume of the balloon if 0.70 moles of gas are added

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The mass of manganese required is 0.918 g.

What is chemical equation?
Chemical equations are symbols but also chemical formulas that represent a chemical reaction symbolically. With a plus sign separating the entities in the reactants and the products and an arrow pointing in the direction of the products to indicate the direction of the reaction, the reactant entities have been given on the left as well as the product entities on the right. Chemical formulas can be mixed, structural (represented by pictures), or both. The absolute values of a stoichiometric numbers are shown as coefficients alongside the symbols and formulas of the various entities. Jean Beguin drew the first chemical equation in 1615.

Start with a balanced equation.
MnO₂(s) + 4HCl(aq) --> 2H₂O(l) + Cl₂(g) + MnCl₂(aq)
Calculate the moles of Cl₂ in 385 mL under the conditions given, using the ideal gas law.

PV = nRT

Known and Unknown
P = 785 Torr
V = 250 mL × 1 L/1000 mL = 0.250 L
n = ? mol
R = 62.364 L•Torr/K•mol
T = 25 °C + 273 = 298 K

Solve for n.
n = PV/RT
n = (785 Torr × 0.250 L)/(62.364 L•Torr/K•mol × 298 K) = 0.01056 mol Cl₂
Calculate the moles of MnO₂ required to produce 0.01056 mol Cl₂ in excess HCl, using the mole ratio between MnO₂ and Cl₂.
Since the mole ratio between MnO₂ and Cl₂ is 1:1, 0.01056 mol Cl₂ is produced by 0.01056 mol MnO₂.
Calculate the mass of MnO₂ in 0.01056 mol.
mass (m) = moles (n)/molar mass (M)
M(MnO₂) = 54.938 g/mol Mn + (2 × 15.999 g/mol O) = 86.936 g/mol MnO₂
m(MnO₂) = 0.01056 mol × 86.936 g/mol = 0.918 g Cl₂
The mass of manganese required to react with excess HCl to produce 0.01056 mol Cl₂ is 0.918 g.

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The balanced equation for the double-replacement neutralization reaction between aqueous solutions of barium hydroxide and sulfuric acid is as follows: Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2H₂O

A double displacement reaction is a type of reaction in which two reactants exchange ions to form two new compounds.

The general formula for a double-displacement reaction is written as: AB + CD = AD + BC.

According to this question, aqueous solutions of barium hydroxide and sulfuric acid reacts together in a double displacement reaction as follows:

Ba(OH)₂ + H₂SO₄ → BaSO₄ + 2H₂O

Sulphate ions and hydroxide ions are displaced in the reactants to form two new compounds namely: barium sulfate and water.

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If the pressure of the system is increased, the system will attempt to reduce the number of gas particles by synthesizing hydrogen peroxide. Option 4.

According to Le Chatelier's principle, a system in equilibrium that is acted upon by one of the constraints that affect the rate of reactions will always try to adjust in order to nullify the effects of the external constraints.

The constraints being referred to by Le Chatelier include temperature, pressure, and concentration of the species in the system.

When the pressure of a system in equilibrium is increased or decreased, the system will adjust to annul the effect by moving towards the reactants or the products as needed.

In this reaction: [tex]2H_2O_2(l) < -- > 2H_2O(g) + O_2(g)[/tex]

There are 2 moles on the reactant's side while 3 moles are on the product's side (2 moles of water plus one mole of oxygen). Thus, it appears the product's side is more populated.

Consequently, an increase in the pressure of the system will shift to synthesize more hydrogen peroxide by reducing the number of gas particles.

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Ni (s), Ni+2 (aq), and two e- As the Ni releases two electrons to form Ni+2, the Silver ion must accept two electrons to balance the net reaction, therefore two silver ions will absorb two electrons to form silver. 2 e- 2 Ag + 2 Ag+ (aq) (s).

What is Redox reaction?

A chemical process in which electrons are moved between two reactants is referred to as a redox reaction. The alteration in the oxidation states of the reacting species can be used to pinpoint this electron transfer.

Redox reactions are oxidation-reduction chemical processes in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. Redox is a shortened version of reduction-oxidation. Two distinct processes—a reduction process and an oxidation process—can be used to describe all redox reactions.

Redox or Oxidation-Reduction processes always involve simultaneous oxidation and reduction reactions. In a chemical reaction, the material that is being reduced is referred to as the reducing agent, while the substance that is being oxidised is the oxidizing agent.

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Magnesium hydroxide, or Mg(OH)2, is a milky white suspension that is used as an antacid and laxative. Mg(OH)2 is only weakly soluble in water. When 6N HCl is added, some of the OH- ions in the solution are removed, shifting the equilibrium to the right and allowing more Mg(OH)2 to dissolve.

This is a double displacement reaction, which is another name for a neutralization reaction. It is neutralization because a base, magnesium hydroxide, has been added to an acid, HCl. The end results are salt (MgCl2) and water.

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The change in energy of the balloon is 4.8 X10¹ J.

The pascal (Pa), which is equal to one newton per square meter (N/m2) of surface area, is the SI unit for pressure. Force per unit of surface area is how pressure is defined. In addition to being proportional to the force it exerts, an object's pressure is also inversely correlated with the area on which the force is applied.

Given, Heat is added to the balloon so q will be positive.

q = +87 J

Initial volume (Vi) = 1.0L

Final volume (Vf) = 1.4L

Change in volume (ΔV) = Vf - Vi

Change in volume (ΔV) = 1-4L-1.0L

Change in volume (ΔV) = 0.4L

Pressure (P)

given,

W = - PΔV

W = 0.97 atm × 0.4L

W = - 0.388 Latm

W = - 0.388 Latm × 101.325 J/1  Latm

W = 39.3141 J

Change in energy (ΔE) = q +W

Change in energy (ΔE) = +875 + (-39-3141J)

Change in energy (ΔE) = 47.6859 J

Change in energy (ΔE) = 4.76859 X10¹ J

Change in energy (ΔE) = 4.8 X10¹ J.

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An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction is a chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. Simple way to remember redox reaction is that oxidation is loss and reduction is gain.

How to determine oxidized and reduced elements in a chemical reaction?

Balanced chemical reaction is.

2Li + 2HCl --> 2LiCl + H2

Now, products are, LiCl and H2

Element oxidized is Li because it loses electron to form Li+

Element reduced is H of HCl to form H2 because H in HCl in +1 oxidation state gains one electron to form H2 in zero oxidation state.

Element which is oxidizing agent is one which gets reduced i.e., H of HCl

Element which is reducing agent is one which gets oxidized i.e., Li.

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The entropy change of the universe is zero, and the system is at equilibrium.

In a futuristic global, a regime has eliminated struggle by way of suppressing feelings: books, art, and track are strictly forbidden and feeling is a crime punishable by using demise. Click John Preston is a pinnacle-rating government agent responsible for destroying folks who resist those rules.

Equilibrium, in physics, is the situation of a device when neither its state of movement nor its inner power country tends to trade with time. a state of relaxation or balance because of the equal movement of opposing forces. same balance between any powers, influences, and so forth.; equality of effect.

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The amount (g) for pure MgSO4 in the following statement is actually 2. 4 g pure MgSO4•7H2O was 1.2 g MgSO4.

A Quick Look at Quantity. When referring to just a single word that CANNOT be measured, use the word amount. - When referring to a solitary or plural term that CAN be counted, use number. – When referring to an inanimate, singular or plurality word that is counted or measured, quantity should be used.

%MgSO4 in MgSO4.7H2O is determined as x 100 = ?

Molar mass of MgSO4.7H2O is 246.4746 g/mol

Molar mass of MgSO4 is 120.366 g/mol.

In MgSO4.7H2O, %MgSO4 = 120.366 / 246.4746 = 0.488 x 100 = 48.8

2.4g × (%MgSO4/100) = 2.4 x (48.8/100) =

2.4 x 0.48

= 1.2g MgSO4

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The volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature So 5.12 L.

A really perfect gasoline is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly transferring factor debris that is not difficult to interparticle interactions. the proper gas idea is beneficial as it obeys an appropriate fuel regulation, a simplified equation of state, and is amenable to analysis beneath statistical mechanics.

Calculation:-

Volume of ideal gas = 3.50 L

Temperature = 12⁰C = 285 K

Pressure = 1.40 atm

Temperature 2 = 20.80 ⁰C = 293.80 K

Pressure = 0.986 atm

New Volume V 2 = PVT/TP

= 1.40 × 3.50 × 293.80 / 285 × 0.986

= 5.12 L

New volume is 5.12 L.

A really perfect fuel is described as a fuel that obeys gas laws at all conditions of strain and temperature. best gases have speed and mass. They do now not have volume ideal fuel, additionally referred to as ideal fuel, a fuel that conforms, in physical behavior, to a specific idealized relation between strain, extent, and temperature called the appropriate, or trendy, gas regulation.

The gas particles have negligible volume. The fuel particles are similarly sized and do not have intermolecular forces of attraction or repulsion with different gasoline particles. The gasoline debris moves randomly in settlement with Newton's legal guidelines of motion. The gas debris has perfect elastic collisions without an electricity loss.

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It is methanol when combust to  obtain 0.462 g of co2 and 0.378 g of h2o.

Methanol (CH3OH), commonly known as methyl alcohol, wood alcohol, or wood spirit, is the simplest of a vast series of chemical compounds known as alcohols. It is made up of a methyl group (CH3) joined to a hydroxy group (OH). In the past, methanol was produced by destructively distilling wood. The direct fusing of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas in the presence of a catalyst is the key to modern methanol manufacturing. Methanol is being made more and more often using syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen created from biomass.

Pure methanol is a necessary ingredient in chemical synthesis. Myriad key synthetic dyestuffs, resins, pharmaceuticals, and scents are among the numerous compounds produced using its derivatives.

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C. Food Irradiation

Explanation:

The statement correct about Cobalt atomic model is that the model should show 27 protons and 32 neutrons. (Option A)

Atomic model is the structure of an atom that consist of a nucleus located at the centre which comprises of the protons (positively charged) and neutrons (neutral) are present and the negatively charged particles called electrons that revolve around the centre of the nucleus. Cobalt is a chemical element with the symbol Co and atomic number 27. The atomic number refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. The mass number, also known as atomic mass number or nucleon number, refers to the total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus. As the mass number of Cobalt is 59 and atomic number is 27, the number of neutrons is 59 – 27 = 32. Hence, an atomic model of Cobalt should show 27 protons and 32 neutrons.

Note: The question is incomplete as it is missing options which are A) The model should show 27 protons and 32 neutrons. B) The model should show 59 protons and 27 neutrons. C) The model should show 32 protons and 59 neutrons. D) The model should show 27 protons and 27 neutrons.

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High pressure from hydrogen gas gathered over water can be calculated using Dalton's Principle of Partial Pressures.

The chemical element hydrogen is represented by the letter H and atomic radius 1. The lightest element is hydrogen. Under normal circumstances, hydrogen is a gas made up of diatomic molecules with the formula H 2. It is non-toxic, tasteless, colorless, odorless, and extremely flammable.

Hydrogen may be utilized to heat both homes and places of business in addition to powering vehicles and producing electricity. To reach net zero, it will be crucial to reduce our carbon emissions significantly. The handling and usage of hydrogen is safer than that of the current fuels due to a number of its characteristics. For instance, hydrogen is not poisonous.

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The total time is =405,189.19 h.

What is time?

Time is the indefinite continued progress of existence and events that occur in an apparently irreversible succession from the past, through the present, to the future. It is the measure in which events can be sequenced, and compared to the events of the past and future. Time is a fundamental quantity that is used to sequence events and to compare the durations of events and the intervals between them. Time is usually divided into units such as seconds, minutes, hours, days, weeks, months and years, and can be further divided into smaller increments such as milliseconds, microseconds and nanoseconds.

The reaction is
2H+(aq)+2e−→H2(g)
To produce 1 mole of hydrogen, 2 moles of electrons are necessary
So to produce 1 mole of hydrogen, 96000×2C are needed.
Number of moles hydrogen =9.37mol
Quantitity of electricity is
Q=9.37⋅2⋅96000C=1799040C
The current is I=74⋅10−3A
Q=It
The time is
t=Q/I=1799040⋅0 /74 x 10−3s = 24,311,351.4 s= 405,189.19 h

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