The reaction between 96.7 g of fes2 and 55.0 l of o2 produced the volume of so2 (at stp) (at 398 k and 1.20 atm). Fes2's molar mass is 119.99 g/mol, which is equivalent to 32.94 L.
FeS2 weighs 96.7 g.
0.806 mol of FeS2 is equal to 96.7 g of mass divided by 119.99 g of molar mass.
----------------
Given 55.0 L of oxygen. We need to find the volume of Oxygen at STP as we need to determine the volume of SO2 at STP.
Hence, we use the equation, P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
(1.20 x 55.0) / 398 = (1.0 x V2) / 273
V2 = 45.27 L
Thus, volume of oxygen = 45.27 L
----------------------
Now, we need to find moles of oxygen using the equation PV = nRT
(1.0 x 45.27) = n (0.0821 x 273)
n = 2.02 mol
-------------------
Thus, the reactants we have are
Moles of FeS2 = 0.806 mol
Moles of oxygen = 2.02 mol
Now, we need to find the limiting reagent. In order to find the limiting reagent we need to divide the moles we found with the respective stoichiometric coefficients.
Thus, moles of FeS2 = 0.806 mol / 4 = 0.2015 mol
Moles of O2 = 2.02 mol / 11 = 0.184 mol.
As, the moles of O2 are less than that of FeS2, O2 is the limiting reagent.
Hence, we use moles of O2(2.02 mol) to find the SO2 produced.
From the chemical equation, it is clear that 11 mol of O2 produces 8 mol of SO2.
Thus, 2.02 mol of O2 produces = (2.02 mol O2) x (8 mol SO2 / 11 mol O2) = 1.47 mol of SO2
Using PV = nRT, let us find volume of SO2.
(1.0)(V) = 1.47 x 0.0821 x 273
V = 32.94 L of SO2 is produced.
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1. What are the 5 pieces of evidence that prove a chemical change has taken place?
write the balanced complete ionic equation for the reaction when cs₃po₄ and agno₃ are mixed in aqueous solution. if no reaction occurs, simply write only nr. be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction.
The balanced complete ionic equation for the reaction between Cs₃PO₄ and AgNO₃ is:
Cs₃PO₄(aq) + 3Ag⁺(aq) + 3NO₃⁻(aq) → 3Ag₃PO₄(s) + 3NO₃⁻(aq) + 3Cs⁺(aq)
Ionic equations are defined as the balanced chemical equations that represent the species (ions or molecules) that are involved in a reaction.
In this reaction:
Cs₃PO₄(aq) + 3Ag⁺(aq) + 3NO₃⁻(aq) → 3Ag₃PO₄(s) + 3NO₃⁻(aq) + 3Cs⁺(aq)
Cs₃PO₄ (cesium phosphate) and AgNO₃ (silver nitrate) are mixed in aqueous solution. The cesium phosphate dissociates into its constituent ions, Cs⁺ and PO₄³⁻.
The silver nitrate dissociates into Ag⁺ and NO₃⁻ ions. The Ag⁺ ions react with the PO₄³⁻ ions to form solid silver phosphate (Ag₃PO₄), which is insoluble in water. The Cs⁺ and NO₃⁻ ions remain in solution.
Therefore, Cs₃PO₄(aq) + 3Ag⁺(aq) + 3NO₃⁻(aq) → 3Ag₃PO₄(s) + 3NO₃⁻(aq) + 3Cs⁺(aq) is the balanced complete ionic equation shows that a reaction takes place between cesium phosphate and silver nitrate to form solid silver phosphate and aqueous cesium and nitrate ions.
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How can a construction of a road affects water quality and flow within a watershed??
a species that contains a lone (unpaired) electron is referred to as . select the best answer. multiple choice question. a free radical an exception being electron deficient having an extended valence
A species that contains a lone (unpaired) electron is referred to as a free radical.
The electron is a subatomic particle with a bad standard electric charge. Electrons belong to the primary technology of the lepton particle's own family and are typically thought to be fundamental particles because they have no recognized additives or substructure.
For most realistic purposes, an electron is a structureless particle with an intrinsic angular momentum or spin. simply two numbers — the electron's mass and its electric price — gasoline the equations that describe its behavior. From this 'sensible electron' version, physicists constructed present-day microelectronics.
By using the best values for the wavelength and the scattering by a matter of tough X-rays and ?-rays, the radius of the electron is anticipated as approximately 2 × 10-10 cm.
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the human resource manager at a pharmaceutical company is beginning the selection process for a new chemist. she would begin with the
A pharmaceutical company's human resource manager is starting the hiring process for a new chemist. She would start by going through orientation.
What is human resources management?The strategic method of developing and assisting people and providing a positive work environment is known as human resource management. Although its duties vary across various organizations and industries, they often include hiring, paying and providing benefits, providing training and development, and managing employee relations.
What is the role of HR in pharmaceutical company?To appreciate the significance of hiring and staffing should be aware of Orientation and Induction's significance. being aware of the significance of training and development to appreciate the significance of performance management and evaluation in order to appreciate the significance of employee retention
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ammonium nitrate decomposes explosively upon heating according to the following balanced equation: 2nh4no3(s)→2n2(g) o2(g) 4h2o(g) part a calculate the total volume of gas (at 135 ∘c and 769 mmhg ) produced by the complete decomposition of 1.59 kg of ammonium nitrate.
The total volume of gas (at 135 ∘c and 769 mmhg ) produced by the complete decomposition of 1.59 kg of ammonium nitrate is 1687.74 L.
Solution:
PV = nRT
Dividing both sides by P we get,
V = nRT / P
V = (68.25 × 62.363 × 297) / 749
V = 1687.74 L.
NH₄NO₃ → N₂O + 2H₂O.
When ammonium nitrate NH₄NO₃ is heated it produces nitrous oxide N₂O and water H₂O. The given equation is the balanced chemical reaction for the decomposition of ammonium nitrate by applying heat. It is observed that 1 mol of ammonium nitrate breaks down into 1 mol of nitrous oxide and 2 mol of water molecules.
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. What is the rate constant for radon-220, which has a half-life of 55. 6 seconds?.
The rate for radon-220, that has a quarter of 55.6 seconds, is 1.246*10⁻² seconds.
What exactly qualifies as nuclear?Identifying the causes of it. The essential components of a family, frequently its offspring and their parents, are referred to as the "nuclear family" in this context. Nuclear can also indicate "kernel" or, more simply, "something essential," therefore it has a long history of use in figurative language before being associated with "nuclear energy."
Briefing:Given:
Rate constant for radon = 220
Half-life = 55.6 seconds
(Nt) = (N₀)e⁻λt
At t = [tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] , (Nt) = (N₀)/2
(N₀)/2 = (N₀)e-λ[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex]
[tex]t_{1/2}[/tex] = ln₂/λ
λ is rate constant
55.6 = ln₂/λ
λ = ln₂/55.6
λ ≅ 1.246*10⁻² seconds
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calculate the ph of the following two buffer solutions: (a) 1.0 m ch3coona/2.0 m ch3cooh. (b) 0.1 m ch3coona/0.2 m ch3cooh. which is the more effective buffer? a. 1.0 m ch3coona/2.0 m ch3cooh b. 0.1 m ch3coona/0.2 m ch3cooh
pH of (a) = 5.081 and pH of (b) = 4.479. The effective buffer is 1.0M CH3COONa / 2.0 m CH3COOH.
What is buffer solution?
Buffer Solution is a water-based solvent-based solution composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid.
We know that,
pH = pKa + log[salt] / [acid]
For 1.0M CH3COONa / 2.0 m CH3COOH
Given,
[Salt] = CH3COONa = 1.0M
[Acid] = CH3COOH = 2.0M
pKa of CH3COOH = 4.78
Subsituting the values,
pH = 4.78 + log[1.0] / [2.0]
pH = 4.78 + 0.3010
pH = 5.081
For 0.1M CH3COONa / 0.2M CH3COOH
Given,
[Salt] = CH3COONa = 0.1M
[Acid] = CH3COOH = 0.2M
Subsituting the values,
pH = 4.78 + log[0.1] / [0.2]
pH = 4.78 + (-0.3010)
pH = 4.479
The effective buffer is 1.0M CH3COONa / 2.0 m CH3COOH because the higher the concentrations, the bigger the total buffer capacity.
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what is the concentration, in mass %, of a solution made by mixing 42.79 g of nacl with 285.9 ml of water?
The grams of solute in 100 grams of solution are indicated by the percentage mass by mass. We use the density formula to convert the ml of water to g.
Definition of density
Density definition Density is the measurement of how tightly a substance is packed. It has such definition since it is the mass per unit volume. Indicator of density: D or Density Formula: The formula is: = m/V where is the density, m is the object's mass, and V is its volume.
What does density, for example, mean?
Anything's density determines how compact or concentrated it is. Consider two boxes as an example, one large and one small. But their combined weight is the same. This suggests that the tiny box is denser than the enormous box. Density
Briefing:
The percentage mass by mass indicates the grams of solute in 100 grams of solution. We convert the ml of water into g from the density formula:
δ= m/v m=δx v= 1 g/ml x 285.9 ml = 115 g
42.79 g solution-----29 g NaCl
100g solution----x=(100g solutionx29 g NaCl)/115g solution
x=25,2173913 g NaCl
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select the correct order of steps during rcr. group of answer choices annealing, initiation, termination denaturation, extension, termination initiation, extension, termination initiation, denaturation, extension
Denaturation, annealing, and extension are the proper PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) stages to take. So, C is the correct response.
What exactly does termination mean?The word terminate has a noun form called termination, which means to put an end to. It also implies to terminate someone from a job, and termination is perhaps the word most frequently used to describe this action or its outcome, as in His employment with the firm came to an end after termination.
Are termination and firing the same thing?In the event that you are dismissed, your job is over. Your employer should explain the circumstances behind your termination to you. Due to wrongdoing or subpar work, you could be dismissed.
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the procedures instructs a student to measure 7.55 ml of solution 1. the student measures 11.89 ml of solution 1. what is the percent (by volume) of extra liquid measured by the student?
The procedures tells a student to measure 7.55 ml of solution 1 but the student measures 11.89 ml of solution 1. The percent by volume of extra liquid measure by the student added is 36.50%.
The percent by volume for any solution is calculated as
%(v/v)=(volume of solute/volume of solution)×100
In the given problem, the volume of solution is 11.89 ml and the volume of the solute is
volume of solute=(11.89-7.55)ml
volume of solute=4.34ml
We cannot consider the volume used to measure by procedure because the total volume is increased by extra addition of the solute. Plug all values in the formula
%(v/v)=(4.34 ml/11.89 ml)×100
%(v/v)=0.36501×100
%(v/v)=36.501%
%(v/v)=36.50%
Therefore, the percent of extra volume of a liquid measured by the student is 36.50 ml.
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What is required for both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions to proceed?energyco2wateratp and nadph.
Energy is required for both the light-dependent and light-independent reactions to proceed.
In order to produce ATP and NADPH, the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis must first collect energy from the sun. Then, these two molecules that store energy are employed in the light-independent reactions. Chlorophyll absorbs solar energy during the light-dependent reactions and transforms it into chemical energy that is then stored. The chemical energy obtained during the light-dependent reactions powers the assembly of sugar molecules from carbon dioxide in the light-independent reactions.
Hence, Water and light energy are needed for the L-D reactions, while ATP, NADPH, and CO2 are needed for the L-IND reactions.
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Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the trna in the p site and the amino acid associated with the trna in the a site, which process on the list occurs next?.
The complex known as RIBOSOME, which is made up of enzymes and ribosomal RNA, is where translocation peptide has indeed been generated.
What age is the ideal time to begin taking peptides?
Since collagen production normally slows down in your mid-20s to early-30s, I advise incorporating a peptide into your skincare regimen about this time. But regardless of your age, incorporating a peptide into your skincare regimen will make your skin look younger.
Peptide vs. protein: what are they?
In general, small chains of more than two amino acids are referred to as peptides. Proteins, commonly known as polypeptides, are lengthy molecules comprised of many peptide subunits. Enzymes (other proteins) can break down proteins into little peptide fragments.
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Ionic compounds are compounds composed of ions, charged particles that form when an atom (or group of atoms, in the case of polyatomic ions) gains or loses electrons.
A cation is a positively charged ion
An anion is a negatively charged ion.
Covalent or molecular compounds form when elements share electrons in a covalent bond to form molecules. Molecular compounds are electrically neutral.
Ionic compounds are (usually) formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal (or a polyatomic ion). Covalent compounds are formed when two nonmetals react with each other. Since hydrogen is a nonmetal, binary compounds containing hydrogen are also usually covalent compounds.
Metal + Nonmetal —> ionic compound (usually)
Metal + Polyatomic ion —> ionic compound (usually)
Nonmetal + Nonmetal —> covalent compound (usually)
Hydrogen + Nonmetal —> covalent compound (usually)
Metal + nonmetal = ionic compound (usually) Typically, nonmetal + nonmetal forms a covalent combination, whereas metal + polyatomic ion forms an ionic compound (usually) Compound formed by hydrogen and a nonmetal (usually).
How is polyatomic distinguished?Only a few of the periodic table's elements have a second letter that is lowercase after their capital initial. As a result, you will recognize a polyatomic ion if it contains two capital letters together.
O2: Is it polyatomic?The majority of elements, however, are found in molecules made up of two or more atoms. They are referred to as polyatomic elements. The oxygen family, which includes oxygen, ozone, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water, is made up of the most prevalent polyatomic elements.
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how does the titration curve of a diprotic acid differ from that of a monoprotic acid? select one: the curve does not level off after the equivalence point. there are two curves. there are two equivalence points.
The titration curve for a diprotic acid differs from that of a monoprotic acid in that, there are two equivalence points. Correct answer: letter C.
Since, the first equivalence point occurs when the solution has been neutralized by half of the protons of the acid, and the second equivalence point occurs when the solution has been neutralized by all the protons of the acid.
The differences between diprotic and monoprotic acidsAre two different types of chemical acids, and they have different chemical properties:
A monoprotic acid is an acid that contains only one hydroxyl group, while a diprotic acid contains two hydroxyl groups. This means that diprotic acids have twice the activity of a monoprotic acid.The titration curve of a monoprotic acid has only one equivalence point, but the titration curve of a diprotic acid has two equivalence points.Learn more about diprotic and monoprotic acids:
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based on the position of the elements on the periodic table, which hydrogen bond would result in the greatest difference in electronegativity?
According to the position of the elements in the periodic table, the nitrogen bond contains the greatest difference in the electronegativity.
Electronegativity is defined as the tendency of an atom, which participates in a bond formation to attract the electrons. The nitrogen when bonded with hydrogen, shows a greatest difference in the electronegativity. The electronegativity value of N and H is 3.04 and 2.20 respectively. Hence, their difference is
ΔE=(3.04-2.20)=0.84
For boron and hydrogen, it is
ΔE=(2.20-1.57)=0.63
For phosphorus and hydrogen
ΔE=(2.20-2.19)=0.01
Therefore, according to the position of the elements in the periodic table, the nitrogen bond with hydrogen contains the greatest difference in the electronegativity.
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Nuclear decay occurs according to first-order kinetics. What is the half-life of polonium-218 if a sample decays from 55. 4 g to 31. 7 g in 2. 50 minutes?.
3.09 minutes is the half-life of polonium-218 if a sample decays from 55. 4 g to 31. 7 g in 2. 50 minutes.
What is half-life?
The half-life of a radioactive sample is the amount of time it takes for half of its atomic nuclei to spontaneously transform into different nuclear species and emit particles and energy, or, more precisely, the amount of time it takes for the radioactive sample to disintegrate at a rate of one disintegration per second.
The rate constant for a first-order reaction and its half-life are connected by the constant t1/2 = 0.693/k.
Therefore, 3.09 minutes is the half-life of polonium-218 if a sample decays from 55. 4 g to 31. 7 g in 2. 50 minutes.
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what does the detector measure, and how are these numbers used to calculate transmittance and absorbance?
Absorbance is measured using a spectrophotometer or microplate reader, which is an instrument that shines light of a specified wavelength through a sample and measures the amount of light that the sample absorbs.
A spectrophotometer or microplate reader, which is a device that shines light of a certain wavelength through a sample and measures the amount of light that the sample absorbs, is used to quantify absorbance.Utilizing the ratio of light entering and leaving the sample, transmission is calculated in a photometer. From the transmission's negative decadic logarithm, absorbance is computed. After this, the detector gauges the sample's transmittance and absorbance. The amount of light that totally penetrates the sample and reaches the detector is referred to as transmittance. The amount of light that the sample is able to absorb is measured by its absorbance.To learn more about transmittance visit:
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you have been told that you will be teaching several highly heterogeneous classes. according to the text, the most reasonable first step to take would be to
The most reasonable first step to take would be to, In a highly heterogeneous class, a teacher should give everyone the same assignment because it will help him/her be able to track student progress efficiently.
What is heterogeneous?
A predication that means composed of different ingredients or dissimilar factors is called heterogeneous.
What is Reasonable?
A generic and relative one and applies to that which is suitable for a particular condition is called reasonable.
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The periodic table is an arrangment of the chemical elements, ordered by atomic number, into families, and by doing so illustrates the periodic properties of the elements. Considering the organization of the periodic table, which element would make a good conductor of electricity? what properties of that element would support this choice?.
The properties of that element is Copper, Cu.
A solid metal that is ductile and malleable.
Ductility and malleability are properties of metals with specific properties. It is the properties of ductility and formability that aid in the deformation of metals.
Ductility is the ability of a material to stretch without being damaged. A ductile metal can be stretched into a wire. An example is copper wire.Formability is the property of a material to deform under pressure. A malleable metal can be rolled or stamped into sheet. An example is aluminum foilIn metals, the two properties, formability and ductility, do not always correlate. For example, gold is both malleable and malleable, and lead is only malleable.
Therefore, The properties of that element is Copper, Cu.
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for this experiement, the lab instructor had to prepare 650ml of .10 m ca(no3)2. what mass of solid ca(no3)2 was required to prepare this solution
The solution is 5.0 Molar.
A stable is a state of remembering that keeps its form and density while no longer confined. An example of solids is stable ice, sugar, rock, wood, and so forth.
Before everything glances, strong appears to be a simple word, however, it definitely gives sun shades of which means. A stable pal is reliable. if you deliver a solid overall performance, it became excellent, though no longer quite fantastic. Likewise, in case you achieve a solid win, you win by a large, but now not big, majority.
Solids have specific shapes and exact volumes and are not compressible to any quantity. There are two main classes of solid crystalline solids and amorphous solids. Crystalline solids are those in which the atoms, ions, or molecules that make up the solid exist in an ordinary, nicely-described association.
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How many molecules of magnesium oxide will form when excess magnesium reacts with 480 molecules of oxygen?
960 molecules of magnesium oxide will form when excess magnesium reacts with 480 molecules of oxygen.
What is mole?Wilhelm Ostwald, a German scientist, is widely credited with coining the term. Ultimately, though, the word mole derives from the Latin word moles, which meaning "a mass." The word molecule is connected to the word mole; it is a diminutive that means "a little bulk."
The quantity of matter in a system that equals the number of atoms in 0.012 kilograms of carbon-12; it is denoted by the symbol "mol".
Given that,
480 molecules of oxygen is there.
The equation becomes:
2Mg + O₂ → 2MgO
2 mol 1 mol 2 mol
Now,
1 molecule of oxygen give 2 molecule of MgO
480 molecule of oxygen will give (480 × 2) = 960 molecules of MgO
So, 960 molecules of magnesium oxide will form when excess magnesium reacts with 480 molecules of oxygen.
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consider the reaction below. h2s so2−4⇌hs− hso−4 which of the above chemical species is the brønsted-lowry base in the forward reaction?
HS is the Bronsted-Lowry base in the forward reaction.
The Brnsted-Lowry theory is an acid-base reaction theory that was independently proposed in 1923 by Johannes Nicolaus Brnsted and Thomas Martin Lowry.
An acid is a proton (H+) donor in the Brnsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases, and a base is a proton acceptor. A conjugate base is formed when a Brnsted-Lowry acid loses a proton. A conjugate acid is formed when a Brnsted-Lowry base gains a proton.
A Bronsted-Lowry base is a compound that accepts a proton or an H+ ion from another compound. A conjugated acid can donate a proton and reform the base. An acid-base reaction, according to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, involves the exchange of protons or H+ ions between the acid and base.
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which phrase is not likely to indicate that a double-displacement reaction has occurred?responsesformation of a precipitateformation of a precipitatechange of a metal ion to a metal elementchange of a metal ion to a metal elementformation of a gasformation of a gasneutralization of acids and bases
A metal ion or perhaps an ammonium ion takes the place of the acid's H+ ion. A neutralization is the process by which a base and an acid combine to form a salt.
How is acid defined?Any substance is called an acid if it tastes bad in water solution, colors blue litmus litmus red, reacts with certain metals so release hydrogen, mixes with bases to form salts, and activates chemical reactions (acid catalysis).
Where does acid come from?In industrial or organic chemistry, acids are utilized as catalysts; for instance, sulfuric acid is often used in extremely high volumes during the alkylation process of creating gasoline. Some acids, including hydrochloric, phosphoric, and sulfuric acid ( h2so4, can also cause condensation and dehydration processes.
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would the substance below (h2o2 with geometry given) be soluble in water (a polar solvent) or in benzene (a nonpolar solvent)?
Since H2O2 is an acid, its molecules react with water molecules to produce H3O+ and Br ions, which give the solution conductivity.
What differentiates polar from nonpolar solvents?
n contrast to nonpolar solvents, which dissolve nonpolar substances, polar solvents dissolve in polar compounds. The major difference between polar and nonpolar solvents is this. Additionally, polar liquids contain molecules with polar bonds, whereas nonpolar fluids contain molecules with comparable electronegativity values.
A nonpolar or polar solvent?
Polar solvents contain bonds between atoms with widely differing electronegativities, such as oxygen and hydrogen, and have strong dipole moments (also known as "partial charges"). Bonds between elements with comparable electronegativities, such as carbon and hydrogen, are found in non-polar fluids (think hydrocarbons, such as gasoline)
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Which of the following refers to the movement of buffer ions and solvent relative to the fixed support? a. Electroendosmosis b. Isoelectric focusing c. Iontophoresis d. Zone electrophoresis e. Plasmapheresis
Moving in relation to the fixed support the buffer ions and solvent Electroendosmosis.
What are a solvent and an instance?Example of a solvent Water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone are examples of common solvents. In order to create a solution with a particular solute, a substance must be able to dissolve it. This is what is meant by the term "solvent."
As a solvent, why is water referred to?Because it can dissolve a greater variety of chemicals than any other natural liquid, water is referred to be a "universal solvent," yet it does not dissolve all substances. Because oppositely charged particles are poorly soluble in water, it cannot dissolve hydroxides, waxes, or fats, for instance.
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what is the mole ratio of hydrogen perozide to permanaganate ion in the balanced chemical equation determined in question
Five molecules of hydrogen peroxide to two molecules of permanganate make up the mole ratio. Using the ratio, 0.0045 moles of potassium permanganate oxidised 0.005625 moles.
Materials
Distilled or deionized water, 100 mL
Hydrogen peroxide, H202, commercial antiseptic solution, 3 mL
Potassium permanganate solution, KMn04, 0.025 M, 75 mL
Sulfuric acid solution, H2SO4, 3 M, 30 mL
Beaker, I 00-or 150-mL
Buret, 50-mL, with buret clamp
Graduated cylinder, 10-or 25-mL
Labels and/or markers
Pipet, serological, 1-mL
Pipet bulb
Ring stand
Wash bottle
Waste disposal beaker, 250-mL
Erlenmeyer flask, 125-mL
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2. which class of organic molecules had the larger retention times? why? (explain using intermolecular inter- actions)
The class of organic molecules had the larger retention times is the compounds which have strong intermolecular interaction with high boiling points have longer retention time.
The organic molecules that have strong intermolecular interaction with the column coating will favor the stationary phase and they takes the longer time that means they will have longer retention time. the organic molecules that have weak intermolecular interaction with column coating spend little time. the retention time for the organic molecules are affected by then intermolecular interaction.
Thus, the more is the interaction between the analyte and the stationary phase the longer will be the retention time.
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explain why there is no minus sign in this equation for heat (unlike the equation for work). (think in terms of microscopic definition of entropy.)
When heat is absorbed by the solution, the solution's q value is negative. This denotes that the reaction is endothermic, absorbs heat from the solution, and has a positive reaction q.
Yes, it can be negative, in which case one needs a heat sink. Examples of such sinks include melting or evaporation. The source term in an equation for energy conservation could be positive or negative. The temperature of the node will drop if the magnitude of the negative heat source is greater than the heat flow into the system.
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Why did the volume of Substance 1 change from 3 liters of liquid to just over 0.50 liters after it was boiled and then cooled?
States of mater  interactivity 
Matter are anything that is made up of atoms. The quantity of matter can be observed only on the basis of mass and volume calculation. Therefore, because of the evaporation of upper surface of liquid, volume decreases.
What is matter?Matter is a substance that has some mass and can occupy some volume. The matter is mainly used in science. Matter can be solid, liquid or gas.
Matter is anything that is made up of atoms. Anything around us that can be physically seen and touched are matter. Ice, water and water vapors are example of matter.
The volume of Substance 1 change from 3 liters of liquid to just over 0.50 liters after it was boiled and then cooled because on heating the molecules on the upper surface of liquid evaporates.
Therefore, because of the evaporation of upper surface of liquid, volume decreases.
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