A 44-year-old man has ADHD-inattentive subtype from college, but has not taken medication for several years. It would not be appropriate to raise the dose of the stimulant to address his residual symptoms.
Why would it not be appropriate to raise the dose of stimuli for residual symptoms?Dose response studies of stimulant medications suggests that optimal dose varies across individuals and depends on the domain of function. Higher doses may lead to greater improvement of some domains but not executive function.
If medication dose is high enough to diminish symptoms of inattention and distractibility, then executive function needs to be addressed independently and will not response to higher dose.
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mrs. ash, a client in her 50s, has told the nurse during her most recent visit to the clinic that she and her circle of friends have discontinued breast self-examination (bse) since hearing and reading that the practice is now considered ineffective. how can the nurse best respond to mrs. ash?
The nurse must say that BSE is definitely not a replacement for other screening methods, but a high percentage of breast masses are actually detected by women themselves.
What is BSE ?The act of physically and visually inspecting oneself for any changes in the breasts and underarm regions of the body is known as breast self-examination.
Breast cancer cannot be accurately detected by a BSE on its own. Every woman, at every stage of life, should perform a monthly breast self-examination (BSE) as part of their overall health care. You can perform this physical examination in the comfort of your own home. Self-examinations allow women to identify changes in their breasts on their own, making this a crucial health habit to establish.
Despite the fact that BSE does not lower the mortality rate from breast cancer, a significant portion of breast masses are found by women themselves. Mammography and clinical examinations should be combined with BSE.
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a patient asks, "what advantage does a durable power of attorney for health care have over a living will?" the nurse should reply, "a durable power of attorney for health care: a. gives your agent authority to make decisions during any illness if you are incapacitated." b. can be given only to a relative, usually the next of kin, who has your best interests at heart." c. can be used only if you have a te
The nurse should reply, a durable power of attorney for health care, gives your agent authority to make decisions during any illness if you are incapacitated
What is power of attorney for health care?
A durable power of attorney for health care is an instrument that appoints a person other than health care provider to act as an individual's agent in the event that he or she is unable to make medical decisions.
No waiting period is required for it to become effective, and individual does not have to be terminally ill or incompetent for the person appointed to act on the individual's behalf.
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a client is diagnosed with right-sided bell's palsy. what instructions should the nurse give this client for care at home? select all that apply.
Right-sided Bell's palsy has been identified in a customer. To care for this client at home, the nurse should follow these instructions: Apply a patch on the right eye at night, chew on the left side, and practise strict dental hygiene.
What is Bell's palsy on the right side?Bell's palsy is a disorder that causes the muscles on one side of the face to suddenly weaken. The weakness usually only lasts a few days and gets a lot better over the course of a few weeks. The weakening makes the lower portion of the face look sagging. When someone smiles one-sidedly, the affected eye struggles to close.
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a client has been taking opioid analgesics for more than 2 weeks to control post-surgical pain. although pleased with the client's progress, the surgeon decides to change the analgesic to a non-opioid drug. the surgeon prescribes a gradually lower opioid dose and increasingly larger non-opioid doses. the surgeon is changing medications in this manner to avoid:
Client is taking opioid analgesics for more than 2 weeks to control post-surgical pain, surgeon decides to change the analgesic to a non-opioid drug. Surgeon is changing medications to avoid: withdrawal symptoms.
Why does surgeon change analgesic to non opioid drugs?The opioid-sparing effects may lead to reduced nausea, vomiting, constipation, urinary retention, respiratory depression and sedation. Hence, use of non-opioid analgesic techniques can lead to an improved quality of recovery for surgical patients.
Analgesics are also called painkillers. These are medications that relieve different types of pain. Anti-inflammatory analgesics reduce inflammation whereas opioid analgesics change the way the brain perceives pain.
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which purposes of placental functioning should the nurse include in a prenatal class? select all that apply.
The nurse should discuss nutrition in the parent class as it relates to placental function.The nurse include in a prenatal class.
Why is nutrition crucial?
A nutritious diet supports normal growth, development, and aging, helps individuals maintain a healthy body weight, or lowers their chance of developing chronic diseases, all of which contribute to overall health and wellbeing.
Which two sorts of nutrients are there?
The two types of nutrients are macronutrients and micronutrients. The nutrients that body requires the most of are known as macronutrients. These supply energy to the organism (calories). The nutrients which the body need in lower amounts are referred to as micronutrients.
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which instruction should the nurse give to a client to ensure that a nasal medication is deposited within the nose rather than into the throat?
Placed in the ears or indeed the eye (through the ocular pathway) (by the otic route). via the nasal membranes and sprayed into the nostril (nasally).
Why do people take medication?People are taking drugs to treat illness, feel better when they are ill, and to fend off future illnesses. The doctor examines the patient's situation while determining the medication to give to him.
What are the 4 classes of medication?The 4 Classes of Medicine are listed in the general sales list (GSL) Few legal limits apply to GSLs, a class of pharmacy medicines. Prescription-only medications and synthetic drugs can only be purchased behind the counter in a drugstore.
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a person is taking a long plane trip and wants to take medication to prevent a blood clot from forming. which medication would you recommend?
Aspirin. medication would you recommend.
How may blood clots be avoided on a lengthy flight?Avoid Blood Clots While Traveling. Occasionally get up and move around. When feasible, choose an aisle seat so you can get up and move about every 2-3 hours. If you're driving, plan stops along the way so you may stretch and take a stroll.
What medication works to stop blood clots?Warfarin, commonly known as Coumadin, and other anticoagulants like heparin slow down clotting process in your body. Antiplatelets, such as aspirin and clopidogrel, stop platelets, which are blood cells, from congregating to form a clot.
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twenty minutes after beginning a heat application, the client states that the heating pad no longer feels warm enough. what is the best response by the nurse?
The best response by the nurse when the client states that the heating pad no longer feels warm enough 20 minutes after the beginning of a heat application is that as the body's receptors are exposed to heat, they adapt over time.
Understanding Thermal AdaptationThermal adaptation refers to the body's ability to adapt to temperature changes. When people adjust to a temperature, it no longer feels cold or hot, but rather neutral. However, thermal adaptation has limitations, otherwise we would be burnt or frozen if the warning sense of severe heat or cold did not overcome adaptation at some point.
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after a newly hired director of nursing has reviewed the hospital's strategic plans, she develops a time line for achieving those plans. the new leader is
The new leader is: Transforming nursing-specific plans from a worldwide document.
Whether a person is ill or not, and regardless of where they are, nursing entails providing autonomous and team-based care to individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities. It include promoting wellness, preventing illness, and providing care for the ill, the disabled, and the terminally ill.
Nursing is a basic science, much like biology. Biology is the study of life, whereas nursing science is the study of nursing theories and practices. Your attention may be piqued by the contrast between nursing and nursing-science. Nursing science serves as the basis for professional nursing practice.
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an emergency department (ed) nurse is monitoring a client with suspected acute myocardial infarction (mi) who is awaiting transfer to the coronary intensive care unit. the nurse notes the sudden onset of premature ventricular contractions (pvcs) on the monitor, checks the client's carotid pulse, and determines that the pvcs are not resulting in perfusion. the appropriate action by the nurse is:
The nurse should ask the ED medical professional to examine the client as the proper course of action.
What kind of work does a nurse do?Registered nurses (RNs) deliver and organize patient care, educate the general public regarding various health issues, and offer patients' families emotional support and guidance. In a variety of contexts, the majority of registered nurses collaborate alongside doctors and other healthcare professionals.
Can a nurse become a physician?By obtaining a Bachelor's degree and enrolling to medical school like any other student, they becomes an MD or DO. Or, a registered nurse (RN) might get a doctorate in nurse (DNP), which is a degree in education and does not provide clinical authority.
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the nursing instructor is teaching a class on the physiologic prosperities involved with the birthing process. the instructor determines the session is successful when the students correctly match surfactant with which function?
When pupils correctly match surfactant with, the lecturer concludes that the lesson was effective. With each breath, it prevents alveoli from collapsing.
How do surfactants work?The partial pressure between liquid phases, between an a gas and a liquid, or the interfacial tension between such a liquid and a solid can all be reduced by chemical molecules called surfactants. Cleaning products, cleaning fluids, emulsifiers, foaming agents, and dispersants are all examples of surfactants in action.
What is the lung's surfactant?The lung cells exude surfactant, which distributes throughout the alveolar tissue. This chemical reduces surface tension, which facilitates easy breathing by preventing the collapse of the alveoli following exhalation. Surfactants are employed in lubricants, inks, pro solutions, herbicides, adhesives, emulsifiers, and fabric softeners in addition to soap and detergents.
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what should the nurse include when teaching a client diagnosed with grave's disease who is scheduled to receive radioactive iodine?
The nurse should provide following instructions:
Within a few days, radioactive iodine will leave the body through the urine and saliva.If you are pregnant, you cannot get radioactive iodine.The radioactive iodine will leave the body in the urine and saliva a few days after therapy. The customer shouldn't have radioactive iodine therapy if she's expecting. This type of therapy may harm the developing fetus' thyroid gland or expose it to radiation. If a woman has received radioactive iodine therapy, she should wait a year before getting pregnant.
An immune system condition called Graves' disease causes an excessive amount of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland to be produced (hyperthyroidism). Although a variety of illnesses can induce hyperthyroidism, Graves' disease is a typical culprit. The signs and symptoms of Graves' disease can vary widely since thyroid hormones have an impact on many different bodily systems.
The most typical cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease. The thyroid gland overproduces thyroid hormone as a result of an aberrant immune system reaction. Women over 20 are more likely to get Graves disease. However, the condition can strike at any age and can even impact males.
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a client has a difficulty with the ability to flex the hips. the nurse determines that the client is adapting successfully to this problem if the client demonstrates proper use of which item?
A customer finds it difficult to bend their hips flat or to elevate their head 30 degrees.
Is math a big part of nursing?The "real world" of nursing typically demands relatively fundamental math abilities, although virtually all programs demand completion of at minimum one college-level math course, typically algebra. Whether you know which nursing programs you're applying to, make careful to check to see if they also need a basic statistics course.
Which type of mathematics is utilized in nursing?Every day at work, nurses employ addition, fractions, ratios, and algebraic equations to provide the appropriate dosage of medication to patients or track changes in their health. Nursing programs frequently assess incoming students on.
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the nurse is preparing a client for a total hip arthroplasty and is obtaining data preoperatively. which statement made by the client is most important for the nurse to immediately report to the health care provider?
The statement made by the client which is most important for the nurse to immediately report to the health care provider is " I've been taking ibuprofen for my hip pain twice a day."
Patients are often instructed not to take ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) before or after surgery because of the increased bleeding risk.
A 2-week course of ibuprofen after total hip replacement or revision surgery can reduce ectopic bone growth but does not reduce the pain or improve mobility significantly several months after surgery and can lead to serious postoperative bleeding
Normally we will avoid using anti-inflammatory medication like ibuprofen, Advil, Aleve, etc. as this may interfere with bone or tendon healing.
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which assessment finding in a client 5 hours post open cholecystectomy would require the nurse to notify the surgeon?
90 mL of blood are in the Jackson Pratt drain.
An open cholecystectomy often involves the installation of a drain. Green drainage is preferred which is bile. Blood is an issue that requires quick action.
The surgeon creates a 6-inch (15-centimeter) incision in your belly on the right side, under your ribs, during an open cholecystectomy. Your liver and gallbladder are made visible when the muscle and tissue are pushed back. The gallbladder is then removed by the surgeon.
The surgical removal of the gallbladder by the surgeon is known as a cholecystectomy. Gallstones and other gallbladder problems that are symptomatic are frequently treated by cholecystectomy.
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the client has been taking levofloxacin iv since admission 12 hours ago for a urinary tract infection. the nurse assesses the client's temperature at 99.8ºf. what is the nurse's best response?
Without the need for a doctor's prescription, a nurse is unable to stop the medication or give additional dosages.
What is levofloxacin antibiotic used for?Descriptions Levofloxacin is prescribed to combat bacterial infections in numerous locations across the body. Infections from anthrax brought on by inhalation exposure is also treated with it. As addition to preventing and treating plague, changes over time .
What kind of antibiotic is levofloxacin?Levofloxacin belongs to the ciprofloxacin family of antibiotics. It functions by eradicating the infection-causing germs. Colds, the influenza, or other viral diseases cannot be treated with antibiotics like fluoroquinolones. Amoxicillin and Levaquin are both "strong" antibiotics that are employed to treat infections in the skin, urinary system, ear, lungs, and airways.
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while examining a patient, the nurse observes abdominal pulsation between the xiphoid and umbilicus. the nurse would suspect that these are
The nurse would suspect a normal abdominal aortic pulsations in a patient.
What is abdominal aortic pulsation?The aorta is the largest artery in your body and is responsible for transporting blood from your heart to the rest of your body. It begins at your heart and travels along the middle of your chest before entering your abdominal cavity. It is very natural to get the sensation of blood flowing through this huge artery on sometimes.
An abdominal aortic aneurysm might be the source of a mass that is pulsing around the navel. A hard mass in the middle of the lower abdomen, just above the pelvic bones, may be the result of bladder distention, which occurs when the urinary bladder becomes overfilled with fluid. In severe situations, it may go all the way up to the navel.
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a client is admitted to the nursing unit after undergoing radical prostatectomy for cancer. the nurse anticipates that which problem would be of most concern to the client in the immediate postoperative period?
In the initial postoperative phase, the client would be most worried about the results of the surgery, thus the nurse should anticipate this.
A prostatectomy is a surgical treatment used to remove the prostate whole or partially. Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostate cancer may involve this procedure.
Making a surgical incision and removing the prostate gland is a standard surgical procedure for prostatectomy (or part of it). The retropubic or suprapubic incision (lower abdomen), or a perineum incision, can be used to achieve this (through the skin between the scrotum and the rectum).
Urologists' most popular surgical method is radical prostatectomy (doctors who specialize in diseases and surgery of the urinary tract). The doctor will also remove the lymph nodes surrounding the prostate gland if there is cause to assume the cancer has spread to those tissues. If cancer is discovered in the lymph nodes, it has spread outside of the prostate gland. In that instance, surgery might not be recommended since the cancer won't be sufficiently treated. Additional therapies could be done in this case.
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which cranial nerve would the nurse suspect is affected when a client reports buzzing int he ear for the past 5 days and a decreased ability to hear
When a client complains of buzzing in the ear for the past five days and a decline in hearing, the nurse would assume that CN VIII is affected.
What are the cranial nerves?Many cranial nerves provide electrical messages from your brain to various regions of your neck, head, and torso. These cues support your ability to move your facial muscles, taste, hear, and smell. The cranial nerves begin at the back of your brain. They are crucial to the functioning of your neural system. The longest cranial nerve is the vagus nerve. The vagus nerve controls both motor and sensory processes. It passes through many areas of your body, including your heart, throat, digestive system, and tongue.
What are the types of cranial nerves?Each of your 12 cranial nerves performs a distinct job. The number and function of the cranial nerves are classified by experts as follows:
1st Olfactory Nerve: Smell.
2-Optic nerve: Visual perception.
3-Oculomotor nerve: Eye movement and blinking capabilities.
4. Ability to shift your eyes forward and backward thanks to the fourth trochlear nerve.
5-Trigeminal nerve: Taste, facial and cheek sensations, and jaw movement.
6-Abducens nerve: Eye movement ability.
7-Facial nerve: Taste and facial expressions.
8-Auditory/vestibular nerve: Balance and sense of hearing.
9-Glossopharyngeal nerve: Taste and swallowing abilities.
10. Vagus nerve: Heart rate and digestion.
11. Shoulder and neck muscle action is caused by the 11th accessory nerve (or spinal accessory nerve).
12. Hypoglossal nerve: Tongue movement ability.
Briefing:The vestibulocochlear nerve, or CN VIII, is a component of the central auditory system. Aminoglycosides are an example of a medication that can damage CN VIII and induce hearing loss, tinnitus (an ear buzz), and vertigo. The oculomotor nerve (CN III) that supplies the iris sphincter muscle. This muscle aids in dilating the pupils. The iris dilator muscle, which is responsible for dilating the pupil, is innervated by the trigeminal nerve, or CN V. The facial nerve, also known as CN VII, controls the muscles that open and close the eyelids.
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at what percentage by volume of carboxyhemoglobin would a normal person experience a severe headache, weakness, dizziness, confusion, vision dimness, nausea, vomiting, and collapse
A normal person would experience a severe headache, weakness, dizziness, confusion, vision obscuration, nausea, vomiting, and collapse at 30–40% (200) by volume of carboxyhemoglobin.
What is carboxyhemoglobin?Red blood cells produce carboxyhemoglobin (carboxyhaemoglobin BrE), a stable combination of carbon monoxide and haemoglobin (Hb), when exposed to carbon monoxide. The substance created when haemoglobin and carbon dioxide (carboxyl) combine to generate carbaminohemoglobin is frequently confused with carboxyhemoglobin. The recommended IUPAC nomenclature is carbonylhemoglobin. Carboxyhemoglobin terminology first appeared when carbon monoxide was known by its previous name, carbonic oxide, and developed through Germanic and British English etymological influences.
What is the treatment for elevated carboxyhemoglobin?Regardless of pulse oximetry or arterial PO2, we advise giving all suspected CO poisoning sufferers 100% normobaric oxygen as their first course of treatment (Grade 1B). (Read more about high-flow oxygen above.) In the presence of elevated COHb, HBO increases CO elimination and may inhibit DNS.
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the nurse is caring for a 6-year-old child who has pyelonephritis. the use of what group of antibiotics would be contraindicated due to the client’s age?
Tetracycline, a group of antibiotics will be recommended to the child suffering from pyelonephritis.
What is Tetracycline?
Tetracycline is an oral antibiotic which is used to treat bacterial infections that affect the skin, eye, lymphatic, intestinal, vaginal, and urinary systems, as well as several other infections that are spread by ticks, lice, mites, and infected animals. These infections include pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections.
What is Pyelonephritis?
Pyelonephritis is kidney inflammation that is usually brought on by a bacterial infection. The most typical symptoms are fever and discomfort in the abdomen. Other signs include vomiting, frequent urine, and a burning sensation when urinating. Pus around the kidney, sepsis or renal failure are examples of complications.
Hence, tetracycline, a group of antibiotics will be recommended to the child suffering from pyelonephritis.
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a patient complains of unrelenting back pain. resting does not help; neither do stretching and exercise. what is most likely?
A patient reports constant back pain. Stretching and exercise don't help; neither do naps. It's most likely not a musculoskeletal problem.
What are the most typical back issues that patients encounter?The following ailments are frequently related to back pain: strain on a muscle or ligament. Frequent and severe lifting or an abrupt painful movement might strain the muscles of the back and spinal ligaments. People that aren't in decent physical shape may experience uncomfortable muscle spasms as a result of ongoing back stress.
Why do you get back pain?When mechanical or structural issues arise in the back's discs, muscles, ligaments, tendons, or spine, back pain may result. Sprain: An damage to the ligaments supporting the spine, frequently brought on by inappropriate twisting or lifting. Strain: a muscular or tendon injury.
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a nurse is preparing to administer a sulfonamide to a client. the nurse is aware sulfonamides are commonly used to treat which types of infections? select all that apply.
Infections are treated with sulfonamides or sulfa medications. Colds, the flu, or other viral ailments won't be helped by them. Sulfonamides may only be purchased with a prescription from your doctor.
What category do sulfonamides fall under?An antibiotic family known as sulfonamides, or sulfa medicines, targets bacteria that cause illnesses. These medication classes are often broad-spectrum antibiotics that work against a variety of bacterial species and are used to treat a variety of bacterial illnesses.
Due to their structural similarities to para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), which is synthesised by sensitive organisms to produce folic acid, sulfonamide antibiotics interfere with folic acid production.
Patients should drink more water when using sulfonamide drugs because they increase the risk of crystalluria, which can result in kidney stones or impaired kidney function.
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the nurse is providing education about barrier contraceptives. which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?
The nurse is educating the public about barrier methods of birth control. Which of the client's statements points to the want for more education .I have a 48-hour diaphragm retention period.
What is the diaphragm's primary purpose?You can breathe in and out with the aid of the diaphragm, a muscle . This little muscle has a dome shape and is located behind your heart and lungs. It is joined to your spine, the base of your rib cage, and the sternum, a bone in the center of your chest.
Why does the diaphragm hurt?Pain that is intermittent (that is, it comes and goes) or persistent can result from trauma to the esophagus from an injury, a vehicle accident, or surgery. In extreme circumstances, damage can result in a diaphragm rupture, a hole in the muscle requiring surgery. Abdominal pain is one of the signs of a ruptured diaphragm.
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a client has been prescribed ciprofloxacin after being diagnosed with a sinus infection. what medication should the client avoid taking concurrently with ciprofloxacin?
After being identified as having a sinus infection, a patient has been given a prescription for ciprofloxacin. The patient should refrain from taking antacids at the same time as ciprofloxacin.
What is the purpose of ciprofloxacin?Serious infections or illnesses for which other antibiotics have failed are treated with it. It is used to combat bacterial infections such pneumonia, skin, and bone infections, as well as chest infections.
Which infections is ciprofloxacin effective against?Ciprofloxacin is prescribed to treat or prevent bacterial infections such pneumonia, gonorrhea typhoid fever, infectious diarrhea, infection of the skin, bone, and joint, as well as other serious infections that are frequent in developing nations.
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the nurse is preparing to hang an iv bottle of fat emulsions 20% on a client. how many ml should be delivered in 12 hours? answer in numbers only.
The nurse is preparing to hang an iv bottle of fat emulsions 20% on a client. 17 ml should be delivered in 12 hours. ( 200 mL fat emulsion 20% IV at 17 mL/hr.)
What is the unit of measurement for a medicine that will be infused into fluid intravenously using an infusion pump?The rate of IV fluid administration is referred to as the flow rate and is represented as the volume of IV fluid provided per unit of time, for example, 20 mL/hr. The flow rate is measured in milliliters per hour.
The following equation can be used to determine how many hours the IV will need to finish before it runs out: Volume (mL) Drip Rate (mL/hour) = Time (hours). The IV pump is set to 62 mL/hour and the fluid volume is 1000 mL.
Inform your doctor or nurse right away if the location of the injection turns red, swollen, or painful at any point during or after the injection.
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the provider has ordered montelukast [singulair] to replace the glucocorticoid, because the child has frequent nosebleeds. when teaching this child's parents about montelukast, the nurse will include which statement? a. montelukast is also effective for treating infectious rhinitis. b. montelukast may cause behavior changes in your child. c. montelukast will treat both congestion and rhinitis. d. montelukast works best when combined with a topical decongestant.
The provider has ordered Montelukast [singulair] to replace the glucocorticoid, because the child has frequent nosebleeds. when teaching this child's parents about Montelukast, the nurse will include Montelukast may cause behavior changes in your child.
What about Montelukast?Montelukast prevents the constriction of your airways (caused by inflammation). Asthma episodes are avoided and breathing is made easier. Montelukast is typically taken in the evening once a day. It's crucial to continue taking it if you have asthma even if you are symptom-free.Upper respiratory infections, fever, headaches, sore throats, coughs, stomachaches, diarrhea, flu, runny noses, and sinus infections are among the side effects of Montelukast that are frequently reported.The researchers who conducted this study came to the conclusion that Montelukast exerts more of an effect at night, either as a result of higher plasma concentrations at the time of the challenge test, or as a result of an anti-inflammatory effect in the early morning, or both.It is advised to take Montelukast in the evening. This medication has already been tested for its ability to stop exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in kids. There is no information, though, to say whether the effectiveness might change with dosage frequency.Learn more about Montelukast here:
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the client with a newly applied cast reports severe unrelenting pain. what is the nurse's best response?
the nurse's best response will be Make the client NPO and notify the health care provider.
What are the nursing interventions for fractures?maintain limb rest or bed rest as necessary. the patient on an orthopedic bed with a bed board under the mattress, Pillows or folded blankets can be used to support the fracture location. Utilize enough employees when turning, Watch and assess the splinted extremity for edema resolution.
How do you relieve pain from a fracture?Medications. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, among others) or ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, among others), or a combination of the two, are examples of painkillers that help lessen discomfort and inflammation. Your doctor might recommend stronger painkillers if you're in excruciating pain.
What helps pain after bone surgery?Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) are frequently used by themselves to treat mild to moderate pain because they reduce swelling and discomfort. NSAIDs and opioids are frequently combined to treat moderate to severe post-operative pain. NSAIDs include substances including aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen.
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a nurse is collecting a sterile urine specimen from an indwelling catheter. how will the nurse correctly obtain the specimen?
When it is necessary to collect a urine specimen from a client with an indwelling catheter, it should be obtained from the catheter itself using the special port for specimens.
What is indwelling catheter ?The procedure for inserting an indwelling urinary catheter is the same as for an intermittent catheter, except that the catheter is left in place. A balloon filled with water holds the catheter in the bladder to keep it from escaping. Foley catheters are a common name for these catheters.
In the urethra, the tube is placed. After the urine drains into a clean container, the catheter is taken out. Rarely, the medical professional may decide to take a urine sample by directly inserting a needle into the bladder through the abdominal wall and removing the urine.
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a nurse is participating in the emergency care of a client who has just developed variceal bleeding. what intervention should the nurse anticipate?
The intervention anticipated by the nurse is administration of octreotide (Sandostatin) via IV (intravenous). Octreotide prevents the release of pepsin and acid thus preventing the newly created clots at the bleeding site from dissolving.
What are varices?Varices are veins that are abnormally dilated. Esophageal varices can rupture and bleed, and this type of bleeding is usually a medical emergency with a high risk of fatality.
Veins often transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart from an organ. Varices happen when a blockage or restricted veins prevent blood from exiting an organ.
What is variceal bleeding?Variceal bleeding or Variceal hemorrhage is the term used to describe bleeding from varices in the esophagus, stomach, and rectum, among other places in the gastrointestinal tract. There is a significant chance that the varices will bleed again in the future if they have already done so.
What is octreotide?Octreotide, also referred to as Sandostatin, is a synthetic (man-made) form of the hormone somatostatin. It may be prescribed to treat carcinoid syndrome when surgery is not an option, to stop the growth of some advanced neuroendocrine tumors (NETs).
How octreotide helps in treating variceal bleeding?Octreotide considerably lowers intravascular pressure while reducing blood flow to the portal system by restricting the splanchnic arterioles. With fewer and milder systemic side effects, octreotide has been found to be at least as effective as vasopressin in the treatment of bleeding varices. Additionally, octreotide has consistently been linked to a reduced requirement for blood transfusions.
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