the names of several eras that are used to descried the history of the universe. Rank the eras from left to right in the order in which they occurred from first to last.
1. era of nucleosynthesis - fusion created helium nuclei
2. particle era - protons, neutrons both common
3. era of nuclei - H, He nuclei and electrons existed, but no neutral atoms
4. era of atoms - neutral atoms existed, but not stars
5. era of galaxies - stars and galaxies common
6. Planck era - all 4 forces operated as one
7.electroweak era - 3 forces operated: gravity, strong, electroweak
8. GUT era - strong, electroweak forces unite as GUT force
From first to last: Planck era, GUT era, electroweak era, particle era, era of nucleosynthesis, era of nuclei, era of atoms, era of galaxies

Potential energy (PE) is the energy that a body has due to its position or compressed state; it has the formula PE=MGH, where M stands for mass, G for the force of gravity.

Work done to the object is equal to force times displacement. Here is the formula for potential energy. According to the rule of conservation of energy, since the amount of work an item does is equal to mgh, the energy gained by the object is equal to mgh, which in this case is the potential energy E.

Joules (J), commonly known as Newton-meters, is the SI unit of energy.

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The amount of air drag on an 0. 8n flying squirrel dropping vertically at terminal velocity is 0.8N

Everywhere we look, there is the drag force. In a ball of fluids, we survive (air and water). Any time there is motion in a fluid, such as air, water, or another one, drag forces become present.

Drag forces are resistive forces that are present when things move through fluids (a gas or a liquid).

Always acting in opposition to fluid flow is the drag force. Aerodynamic drag is the motion of the body in the fluid-like air. Additionally, it is known as hydrodynamic drag if the fluid is water.

The element of vertical velocity (motion). Forecasting areas of dynamic weather requires careful analysis of regions with an upward vertical velocity.

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When light passes from one medium to another the speed of the light changes. Therefore, the given statement is false.

Refraction takes place when the light travels from one medium to another medium it changes its speed. Refraction can be defined as the redirection of light as it passes from one medium to another.

The redirection of the light ray causes by the change in the speed of the wave or by a change in the medium. Refraction of light can be observed for sound waves and water also experiences refraction.

Refraction of light obeys Snell's law, according to which the ratio of the sines of the angle of incidence and angle of refraction must be equal to the ratio of the refractive indices of the two media.

[tex]{\displaystyle {\frac{Sin \theta_1}{Sin \theta_2} =\frac{n_2}{n_1}[/tex]

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The Kuiper Belt has been known since the 1950s, but it wasn't until the 1990s that technology advanced enough to provide astronomers with the means to observe and detect Kuiper Belt objects.

Advances in telescope and imaging technology made it possible to detect faint and distant objects, and the use of powerful computers enabled the analysis of vast amounts of data. The discovery of the first Kuiper Belt object, 1992 QB1, in 1992, marked the beginning of a new era of exploration and discovery of the Kuiper Belt.

Is a region of the outer solar system beyond the orbit of Neptune that is home to thousands of icy small bodies, including dwarf planets like Pluto. It is believed to contain the source material for comets that originate in the outer solar system.

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When a soccer ball is kicked horizontally, then the average speed is calculated to be 5.25 m/s.

The term displacement means that an object has moved, or has been displaced. Change in position of an object is displacement. Standard unit of displacement in the International System of Units is meter. Displacement is usually measured along a straight line

Distance is a scalar quantity that refers to how much ground an object has covered during motion whereas displacement is a vector quantity that means how far out of place an object is.

Given displacement is 21m

and time = 4sec

Therefore average speed= 21/4

= 5.25 m/s

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It has a planet orbiting at a distance larger than 1 AU when you discover a star that rotates back and forth every 16 months and has the same mass as the sun.

How can a planet's orbit move inward due to a gravitational collision? Another object receives both energy and angular momentum from it.

There are two fundamental obstacles to directly finding exoplanets. One is that as we go farther away from the earth, the angular size of planets decreases and is no longer able to be resolved in a picture.

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Specific focal animal codes are also provided for specific activities.

For these above mentioned sampling techniques, it is said to collect various data of the primates from a particular video within 2 minutes of time interval.

These data are of context (general activity), position, social behaviour, substrate, food (type of eating) for focal animal sampling and feeding, resting, travelling, social for scan sampling. For focal animal sampling the total time is one-half hour and for scan sampling it is 20 minute which we have to devide by 2 minutes of intervals.

For example if the video is of 6 minutes then it would be as follows:

0:00 - 2:00 = Context, position, etc.

2:00 - 4:00 = Context, position, etc.

4:00 - 6:00 = Context, position, etc.

Specific focal animal codes are also provided for specific activities.

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The water exists the nozzle at the speed of 5.315 m/s when rate of flow and diameter is given.

Your water flow rate is the measurement of how many gallons of water could potentially come out of your kitchen faucet or bathtub per minute.

Given, Rate of flow= 0.123 l/s = 0.000123 m^3/s

and d= 5.43 mm= 0.00543m

r= 2.715 * 10^-3

Flow rate= water velocity * area of the nozzle

Area of nozzle = π* r²

= 3.14 *( 2.715 * 10^-3)²

= 2.314 * 10^-5

0.000123 = V * 2.314 * 10^-5

Speed at which the water exits= 5.315 m/s

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The resultant displacement of the feather  be 50.33 m.

The term "displacement" refers to a shift in an object's position. It is a vector quantity with a magnitude and direction. The symbol for it is an arrow pointing from the initial location to the ending place.

For instance, if an object shifts from location A to position B, its position changes. Displacement is the term used to describe this shift in an object's position.

Given that: A bird drops a feather from the roof of a 13.1 m tall building. The feather is blown 48.6 m west before falling to the ground.

So,  the resultant displacement of the feather  be = √(13.1² + 48.6²) m = 50.33 m.

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Assume that similar quantities of heat are transferred into various masses or mercury and water, resulting in equivalent temperature variations. Mercury's mass is 0.033 times that of water.

Of such eight moons of jupiter, Mercury is the smallest and one that is closest to the Sun. Mercury completes three spins of its axis for each of the two circuits it makes around the Sun, so takes around 96 Earth days. This rotation is exclusive to the solar system and is gravitationally locked.

According to the statement we have Mass of mercury = M(Hg), and

Mass of Water = M(H₂O)

M(cu) / M(H₂O) , heat transfer and mass are related as we have the formula : Q=mcΔT

according to the formula we have , Q(Hg) = M(Hg) C(Hg)ΔT(Hg)...........(1)

for water ,  Q(H₂O)= M(H₂O) C(H₂O)ΔT(H₂O)..............................(2)

therefore dividing by specific heat in the temperature = C T from both sides .

we Get :      [tex]\frac{ Q(Hg)}{CT} =[/tex][tex]\frac{ M(Hg) C(Hg)ΔT(Hg)}{CT}[/tex] , [tex]\frac{Q(H2O) }{CT} =[/tex] [tex]\frac{C(H2O) Δ TH2O}{CT}[/tex]

∴ Q(Hg)=[tex]\frac{Q(Hg)}{Q(Hg)ΔT(Hg)}[/tex]  ,    Q(H₂O)= [tex]\frac{ Q(H2O)}{C(H2O)ΔTH2O)}[/tex]

      by solving we get = Q(Hg)/C(Hg)ΔT(Hg)/Q(H₂O) / C(H₂O)ΔT(H₂O)

= Q(Hg)/C(Hg)ΔT(Hg) × C(H₂O)ΔT(H₂O)/Q(H₂O)

= [tex]\frac{C(H2O)}{C(Hg)}[/tex]= M(Hg)/M(H₂O)

specific heat of water = 4184 J/kg

and specific heat of mercury = 139 J/kg

therefore we get 4184/139 = 0.033 ans or  3:100 in ratio

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The falling time for objects dropped from rest is 5.19 s. The final speed of the objects before the braking period begins is 50.9 m/s.

falling time for objects is 5.19s

s = ut + - 1/2at²

(d) = (0m/s)t+1/2(g)t²

(-132 m) =

(-9.81 m/s² )T\t²

t = 5.19 s

v = u+ at

v = (0 m/s) +(g)t

v = (-9.81 m/s2 ) (5.19 s)

v=-50.91 m/s

The speed of an item, which is a scalar number in daily use and kinematics, is the size of the change in that object's position over time or the size of  change in that object's position .

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Answer:

Explanation:

The diagram shows four forces acting on a plane in flight. direction of flight. (b) (i). Which arrow represents air resistance?

The speed of the laser beam relative to Tom is 2.95c.

The teenager Sam and Tom are approaching each other with a speed of 0.95c while playing chicken in their rocket.

Sa fires a laser from his rocket towards Tom.

The speed of the laser will be equal to c because it will have the speed of light.

Now, the speed of the the rocket of Sam from the rocket of Tom will be,

V = 0.95c-(-0.95c)

V = 1.95c.

Now, because the laser is fired towards Tom, speed of the laser with respect to Tom will be,

V' = 1.95c - (-c)

V' = 2.95c.

So, the speed of the laser beam relative to Tom is 2.95c.

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The pair BCEG will interfere constructively, while the pair ADF will interfere destructively.

From the question, we have

When the path difference is equal to an integral multiple of the wavelength, two coherent waves interact positively.

That is the path difference must be mλ

where m = 0,1,2,3.... is an integer and λ is the wavelength

Hence, the pair BCEG interfere constructively

Two coherent waves interfere destructively when the path difference is equal to a half-integral multiple of the wavelength.

That is the path difference must be (m+1/2)λ

where m = 0,1,2,3....   is an integer and λ is the wavelength

Hence, the pair ADF interfere destructively

Interference:

Interference is what happens when two or more waves meet each other. The peaks and troughs of the overlapping waves may add up, or they may partially or entirely cancel one another, depending on how they line up. Interference, as defined, is the phenomena when two or more waves combine to produce a new wave that has the same, a bigger, or a lesser amplitude.

Complete question:

Now consider a wave which is paired with seven other waves into seven pairs. The two waves in each pairing are identical, except that one of them is shifted relative to the other in the pair by the distance shown: A. -(1/2) ?B. 2?C. -5?D. (3/2)?E. 0F. (17/2)?G. (6/2)?Identify which of the seven pairs will interfere constructively and which will interfere destructively. Each letter represents a pair of waves. Enter the letters of the pairs that correspond to constructive interference in alphabetical order and the letters of the pairs that correspond to pairs that interfere destructively in alphabetical order separated by a comma. For example if pairs A, B and D interfere constructively and pairs C and F interfere destructively

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2ω is the resistance of the second wire if the resistance of the first is 4ω if two wires have the same length, but the second has twice the diameter of the first.

R= 4ω.

R = ρl/A

2d=r

R2=2ω

Resistance is the capacity of a conductor to obstruct the passage of an electric current through it. It is controlled by the interaction of the applied voltage and the electric current passing through it.

Conductors have very little resistance, whereas insulators have a significant amount of resistance. The resistance increases as the current flow decreases. Resistance is influenced by the properties and dimensions of the material (area of cross section)

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The wavelength of this sound in water, where the speed of sound is 1500 m/s  is 26.31 m.

What is wavelength ?

The wavelength is the spatial period of a periodic wave—the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.

[tex]V=n \lambda[/tex]

where λ is wave length, n frequency and V velocity of sound

[tex]\lambda=\frac{V}{n}=\frac{1500}{57}=26.315 \mathrm{~m}[/tex]

The frequency f = 57 Hz of the sound that the purpoiseemits is the same in water as it was in its original medium. If thevelocity of sound in water is v = 1500 m/s, the relationship between velocity, wavelength λ and frequencyis:

[tex]v=f \lambda[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=\frac{v}{f}[/tex]

[tex]\lambda=\frac{1500}{57}[/tex]= 26.31 m

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We can conclude that the kinetic energy of the arrow after it is being shot is 70 J.

What is kinetic energy?

The energy an item has as a result of motion is known as kinetic energy in physics. It is described as the effort required to move a mass-determined body from rest to the indicated velocity. The body holds onto the kinetic energy it acquired during its acceleration until its speed changes.

Given data:

The magnitude of potential energy is, U = 70 J.

Since, it is given that there is no net loss of energy, which definitely in accordance with the conservation of energy. As per the law of conservation of energy, "The total energy of the system remain conserved. The energy can change it's form or can transfer form from one system to another".

So, the entire potential energy of the arrow will get converted into the kinetic energy. That is,

U = KE

KE = 70 J

Thus, we can conclude that the kinetic energy of the arrow after it is being shot is 70 J.

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The Newton's first law is demonstrated over here.

If the wrench is thrown then that wrench will keep on moving in the space.

As we all no space has no gravity and since there is no gravity, hence, no force is applied on that body.

The wrench will move freely in the space and will continue to move in same direction until there is some external force is applied to stop or change its direction.

This shows that over here the Newton's first law is applied.

The Newton's first law states that the body will continue to be in the same state or motion and will not change until the external force is applied on it.

This Newton's first law is also known as law of inertia.

Therefore, the wrench will continue to move in the same direction under the influence of Newton's first law.

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Answer: 94% efficiency

Explanation:

The equation needed:

According to this graph, the minimum size of an object that could cause a mass extinction is a little less than  10 km.

Answer is in the graph, min size of object that could cause a mass exinction is a little less than 10 km.

When a significant portion of biodiversity, such as separate species of bacteria, fungi, plants, mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, fish, or invertebrates, goes out during a brief period of geological time, this is referred to as a mass extinction. Impacts from comets and asteroids, extensive volcanism, climate changes,bacteria,abrupt shifts in the topography and ocean currents, or a combination of these elements may be the cause of mass extinction events. At least 75 percent of all species become extinct during major extinctions, which typically last three million years. Some experts think that, if things continue as they are, we may be able to remove that number within a few centuries.

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Their exists seven stages in a stars life cycle. They start as a gas cloud and end as a star remnant. The shortest stage is red giant and longest stage is main sequence.

What are the seven stages of stars life?

Just like hunna beings stars also undergo through a life cycle. Even they are born, change and grow and then ultimately die.

There are around seven main stages of a star

1. Giant gas cloud : As the name suggests, it's basically a large cloud of gas. Here, temperature is least and origination of

molecules begin here.

2. Protostar : the molecules that were born in giant gas cloud, starts running towards each other in this stage. They start mixing and produce heat energy. Hence, a warm clump of molecules originate called as a protostar.

3. T-Tauri phase: here, the protostar stage stops and large amount of heat energy is released  the temperature here is still moderate.

4. Main sequence : here the temperature reaches at a point, where fusion can begin. Here basically hydrogen gets converted to atoms of helium.

5. Red giant: here the star appears red and that's why it's name is red giant. In this stage, the star contracts inside because of gravity.

6. Fusion of heavier elements: here helium molecules fuse at the core and the star starts expanding. Slowly, core shrinks and carbon starts fusing and helium fusion ends. This keeps on happening until iron appears on the core. Iron then collapses the core. And because of this collapse, the star turns into supernova.

7. Supernova : here, the core implodes into a neutron star or a black hole. Smaller stars don't explode and contract inside. These small stars are the most common stars that burn for trillions of years.

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Given their position, Pluto , Eris are sometimes known as trans-Neptunian objects and dwarf planets (TNOs).

A dwarf planet outside of Neptune's orbit is referred to as a plutoid. As a result of their small size and extremely frigid surface temperatures, Plutoids are also sometimes referred to as "ice dwarfs." One of our solar system's largest dwarf planets is Eris. Despite being three times farther from the Sun, it is roughly the same size as Pluto.

Pluto was downgraded to a dwarf planet by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) because it did not meet the three requirements for a full-sized planet. In essence, Pluto satisfies all the requirements save for the fact that it "has not cleared its neighboring region of other objects."

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The answer to the question is that both the current and the frequency will grow as they become increasingly high and low, respectively.

A capacitor is an electrical energy storage device made up of two conductors that are isolated from one another and placed near to one another. A straightforward illustration of one such backup system is a parallel-plate capacitor.

A capacitor is a passive component that holds static charge in an electric field, whereas a batteries is an electronic device that transforms chemical energy into electricity to create a stable electrical charge for power.

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Skydiver's acceleration is substantially greater than Earth's acceleration in its direction.

What is acceleration?

The rate at which velocity, measured in terms of speed and direction, changes over time is known as acceleration. Anything is said to have been accelerated when it goes faster or slower in a straight line.

You fall, your descent to the ground quickening. Until the drag from her falling speed due to wind resistance equals the acceleration induced by gravity, this acceleration will continue. Because air resistance, sometimes referred to as drag force, is typically far lower than the normal force of a body, he should continue to accelerate downward. When these forces are balanced, she will attain "terminal velocity," at which point she will cease gaining speed.

He will continue to descend until he opens his chute at the same pace, although the acceleration he experiences at first is due to gravity.

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To calculate the pressure in the car tires, we can use the equation $P = \frac{F}{A}$, where $P$ is the pressure, $F$ is the force acting on the area, and $A$ is the area over which the force is applied. In this case, the force acting on the tire is the weight of the car, and the area is the portion of the tire that is in contact with the road.

First, we need to calculate the weight of the car. The weight of the car is given by the equation $W = mg$, where $m$ is the mass of the car and $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity. We are given that the mass of the car is 1700 kg, so the weight is $W = 1700 \text{ kg} \times 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2 = 16786 \text{ N}$.

Next, we need to calculate the force acting on each tire. Since the weight of the car is distributed evenly among the four tires, each tire supports one-fourth of the total weight, or $F = \frac{1}{4} \times 16786 \text{ N} = 4196.5 \text{ N}$.

Now we need to calculate the area of the tire that is in contact with the road. The width of the tire is 16 cm, and we are given that two-thirds of the flattened bottom segment is in contact with the road.

This means that the length of the segment in contact with the road is $\frac{2}{3} \times 15 \text{ cm} = 10 \text{ cm}$. The area of the tire in contact with the road is therefore $A = 16 \text{ cm} \times 10 \text{ cm} = 160 \text{ cm}^2$.

Finally, we can use the equation $P = \frac{F}{A}$ to calculate the pressure in the tires. Plugging in the values for the force and the area, we get

$$P = \frac{F}{A} = \frac{4196.5 \text{ N}}{160 \text{ cm}^2} = 26.2 \text{ Pa}$$

Since 1 psi is equivalent to 6894.757 Pa, the pressure in the tires is approximately

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The frequency range of electromagnetic waves of X-ray is 3 ×10¹⁶ Hz to  3 ×10¹⁹ Hz. The wavelength range of electromagnetic waves of X-ray is  0.01 nm t0 10 nm.

The electromagnetic spectrum of electromagnetic waves can be described as the range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation and its wavelengths and photon energies. The electromagnetic spectrum have range from one Hertz to above 10²⁵ Hertz.

The wavelength of electromagnetic radiation lies in between 380 to 760 nm and is detected by the human eye and characterized as visible light.

Electromagnetic waves of each frequency band are known by different names; starting at the low frequency (long wavelength) end of the spectrum these are radio waves, microwaves, infrared (IR), visible light, UV, X-rays, and gamma rays at the high-frequency (short wavelength) end.

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Therefore, the number of ²³⁹Pu atoms in 1.0 mm diameter particle is  2.6*10⁷

The half-life of the  is  ²³⁹Pu=2400 yrs

The radius of soot particles is r =1*10⁻⁶m/0=0.5*10⁻⁶m

The density of Plutonium is  ρ=19800kg/m³

The number of   ²³⁹Pu atoms in a  diameter particle is

N=(m/Ma)Na

=ρ4πr³Na/3Ma

Substitute the given values to get number of atoms in particle

N=19.8*4π*(0.5*10⁻⁶)³*6.02*10²³/3*239*10⁻³

=2.6*10⁷

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S' = 14.77 cm height of image = 0.577 mm is the computed response. It is inverted because magnification is negative.

Where radius (R) is positive because it is facing the same direction as the refracted light, and index of refraction (n1) = 1 for air and index of refraction for glass (n2) = 1.60, object distance from vertex to spherical surface (s) is 24 cm, or 0.24 meters, and image distance from vertex to spherical surface (s') is 4 cm, or 0.04 meters.

Height of object = y = 1.5 mm = 0.0015 m Height of image = y'

For a spherical reflecting surface, the object-image formula is:

According to the magnifying formula:

It is inverted because magnification is negative.

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When open mouth the wavelengths and the frequencies of the first four harmonics you can produce are 0.16 m and 2,212.5 Hz, 0.08 m and 4,425 Hz,  0.053 m and 6,637.5 Hz, 0.04 m and 8,850 Hz.

When closed mouth the wavelengths and the frequencies of the first four harmonics you can produce are 0.32 m and 1,106.25 Hz, 0.1067 m and 3,318.75 Hz, 0.064 m and 5,531.25 Hz, 0.0457 m and 7,743.75 Hz.

If we open our mouth it will create a tube that opens at both ends.

For the first harmonic

For the second harmonic

For the third harmonic

For the fourth harmonic

If we closed our mouth it will create a tube that one end opens and the other end closed.

For the first harmonic

For the second harmonic

For the third harmonic

For the fourth harmonic

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The wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is 0.33m

Frequency = 900 x 10⁶Hz

[tex]Frequency=speed/wavelength[/tex]

[tex]Wavelength=speed/frequency[/tex]

=3 x 10⁸/900 x 10⁶

=0.33m

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