A) The phase margin is given by PM = -tan-1 (ωc/ζ) - 180
where ωc is the critical frequency and ζ is the damping ratio.
For a phase margin of 50°, we have
-tan-1 (ωc/ζ) = -130°
or
ωc/ζ = tan 130°
Now, the damping ratio is given by
ζ = -log(GM)/(√π2 + log2(GM))
where GM is the gain margin.
Substituting for ζ in the above equation, we get
ωc = tan 130° × -log(GM)/(√π2 + log2(GM))
Solving for GM, we get
GM = exp(-tan 130° × √π2 + log2(GM))
Now, we can calculate the gain K from the open-loop transfer function G(s) = K/ (s(s2 + s + 4))
K = GM × (s2 + s + 4)
Substituting for GM, we get
K = exp(-tan 130° × √π2 + log2(GM)) × (s2 + s + 4)
Hence, the value of the gain K such that the phase margin is 50° is given by
K = exp(-tan 130° × √π2 + log2(GM)) × (s2 + s + 4).
B) The gain margin for this case is given by
GM = exp(-tan 130° × √π2 + log2(GM))
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compress 'aacccbccddab' using dictionary coding. (show both coding at the sender and decoding at the receiver)
Sender:
Dictionary: a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4
Coded message: 112333412
Receiver:
Dictionary: a: 1, b: 2, c: 3, d: 4
Decoded message: aacccbccddab
Decoding: What is it?
Decoding entails transforming code into clear text or another format that can be used for additional operations. The opposite of the word encoding is decoding. It restores files and encrypted data transfer transmissions to their initial states. Communication is also made possible by internal processes called encoding and decoding. To be communicated to another computer, data must be transformed into a string of ones and zeros. "Serialization" is the process that makes sure the receiver can transform or decode back to its original state.
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3) largest cluster of ones. assume in figures h7p3 we need to count the largest group of consecutive ones (instead of leading ones that we did in hw6, p3). for example if x
We must first transform the documents into numerical features in order to work with text data.
We will employ sparse matrices for the remaining tasks in the assignment. A sparse matrix is one that only contains a few nonzero entries. To reduce space and speed up calculation, a useful data structure for sparse matrices would only keep the nonzero values. A sparse matrix library that is well efficient is included in SciPy. For SciPy sparse matrices, many matrix function that are accessible for NumPy arrays are also available.
Dictionary format is first converted to the SciPy sparse matrix format. You can skip the next block and treat the function as a black box if you'd like, but we provided plenty of comments for those who are interested.
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historically, the average grade in chem 1015 is a b-/c . in order for an average student to earn an average grade, the average student would be expected to spend an average of 3 hour(s) a week on the course.
The biggest concern with using students in research is if your relationship with them will result in direct or indirect pressure on them to take part in the study.
The research found that during their first semester, students prioritized socializing and work duties over academics and spent less time on them. In general, students expected to devote more time to their studies in the second semester. According to the common rule of thumb for college studying, students should allocate two to three hours of study time for every hour spent in class. We discover that the typical monthly expenditure for college students is about $250 when we take into account that semesters are typically four months long and that students finish two semesters per year.
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19) mr. smith has allowed mrs. jones to run a sewer line through mr. smith's backyard so that mrs. jones has access to the city sewer system. this is an example of a(n):
Mr. smith has allowed mrs. jones to run a sewer line through mr. smith's backyard so that mrs. jones has access to the city sewer system. this is an example of Easement.
The most typical easements are affirmative ones. They permit exclusive usage of privately owned property. Positive easements are less lenient. They restrict the usage of land. a method or act of alleviating or relieving (as from discomfort): a stake in real property that authorizes the owner to a particular, constrained use or enjoyment. also: a plot of land that is the subject of an easement. In general, there are three different types of non-express easements that are created by legislation. Prescriptive easements, implied easements, and easements by estoppel are the first, second, and third types of easements, respectively. The dominant and servient lands must be registered with an official easement. Legal easements automatically transfer with the transfer of the dominant tenement or a portion of it.
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Where loads are likely to be on continuously, the calculated load for branch circuits and feeders must be figured at (100%) (125%) (150%) of the continuous load, (plus) (minus) the non-continuous load. This requirement generally (does) (does not) apply to residential wiring.
Where loads are likely to be on continuously, the calculated load for branch circuits and feeders must be figured at 125%.
Section 210.19(A)(1) permits the bigger of the two values listed below to be utilized as the connectors 's ultimate size for sizing an ungrounded branch circuit conductor:
Without any extra adjustments or corrections, either 125% of the continuous load, OR
When adjustment and corrective factors are applied, the load is 100% (not 125% as stated previously).
This will be the same in the 2020 NEC. The introduction of new exception 2 is what has changed. To comprehend this new exception, one must study it very carefully. A part of a branch circuit connected to pressure connectors (such as power distribution blocks) that complies with 110.14(C)(2) may now be sized using the continuous load plus the noncontiguous load instead of 125% of the continuous load thanks to the new exception.
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The technique whereby a portion of the lines of k space are "sampled" and "filled" and the remaining lines are interpolated is known as all of the following EXCEPT:
a.half fourier
b.partial fourier
c.fractional fourier
d.interleaved acquisition
The technique whereby a portion of the lines of k space are "sampled" and "filled" and the remaining lines are interpolated is known as all of the following except:
d. Interleaved Acquisition
What does interpolated mean?
When something is spoken or written, an interpolation is a break in the flow or an addition. Interpolation occurs when your best friend repeatedly cuts you off while you're talking about a particularly eventful day to add details.
It has a very similar meaning to that. Interpolations are when you tell a story and then add a few new details. While you're telling the story, if someone else interpolates new details, that counts as well.
Every time a copy of an ancient book was printed, a new interpolation was added. The original is improved in some way by all interpolations.
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a 4-bit dac must have an 8.00-v output when all inputs are high. find the required reference voltage. (3 pts)
Depends on the input and the reference voltage. Voltage is 1.250V
What is the output of the 4-bit DAC?Given a 4-bit digital input d and a reference voltage r, output voltage will be roughly Vout=din16Vref
The digital input d will be a 4-bit binary number presented to the DAC as 4 1-bit digital signals connected to the 4 digital input pins. Each signal will be either “hi” (binary 1, typically 5 volts), or “lo” (binary “0”, typically 0 volts).
The digital input pins are typically labeled in the data sheet for the DAC as D0 (20
bit), D1 (21 bit), D2 (22 bit), D3 (23bit).
So if we consider each input pin, D0 through D3, to be a single-bit binary number (0 or 1), then the output voltage would be given by Vout=8D3+4D2+2D1+D016Vref
.For example, if D3D2D1D0 = 0100b
and Vref is 5V, then Vout=0100b16Vref=4165
V=1.250V
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what does the following code segment do to the array? .data array byte 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 .code mov ebx, offset array mov eax, 3 skip this: ad [eax], byte ptr 2 loop skip this: g
Byte ptr 2 loop skip this: g is the code segment do to the array.
What does an array segment mean?The array is separated into several segments that are all the same size and have additional shared memory space. The frequently changing digit (FCD) of a number is subjected to a preset condition when data is initialized to an array, resulting in the storage of each data item in a particular section of the array.The index can either be a number or a field containing a number, and it denotes the location of the element within the array (beginning from 1).A data structure called an array consists of a set of elements (values or variables), each of which is identifiable by an array index or key. Array types may be confused with or overlap with other data types that describe aggregation of values, such as lists and strings.To learn more about array refer to:
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a typical steel frame building needs to be stabilized so that it doesn't wrack. why does an unstabilized steel frame building wrack?
Steel-framed homes have insufficient insulation and poor energy efficiency. This is due to thermal bridging, which reduces the insulating characteristics of steel by 60%. Steel conducts heat more efficiently than wood.
The thing that gives a steel frame lateral stability is?Without bracing, the connections between the beam and column in steel frames typically break. They are lateral stable thanks to the action of the frames, specifically the flexure and shear forces in the beams and columns.To join bracing components to other structural members in the lateral force resisting system, gusset plates are utilized in steel buildings.Stainless steel, which is heat and corrosion resistant, is one of the most resilient ferrous metals and has a higher lifetime value than other steels. Several different shapes can be created with cast iron, which is simply formed.Steel-framed homes have insufficient insulation and poor energy efficiency. This is due to thermal bridging, which reduces the insulating characteristics of steel by 60%. Steel conducts heat more efficiently than wood. Higher energy bills could result from this.To learn more about Steel frames refer to:
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Entrapment and transfer of hear from the sun to a building without use of machinery
passive solar system
Entrapment and transfer of hear from the sun to a building without use of machinery : passive solar system
What are the three solar passive system?Distribution: The process by which solar heat is transferred from the locations of collection and storage to the various rooms in the house. The three natural heat transport modes—conduction, convection, and radiation—will be used entirely in a purely passive design.Absorber: The storage element's densely darkened, hard surface. The surface, which can be a stone wall, a floor, or a water container, is directly exposed to the sun. Heat is produced when sunlight strikes the surface.Thermal mass : substances that capture or store the heat produced by sunlight. The thermal mass is the substance beneath and below the exposed surface of the absorber.Aperture/Collector: The expansive glass area that lets light into the building. During the heating season, the aperture(s) should face within 30 degrees of true south and not be blocked by any other structures or trees from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.Learn more about passive solar system refer to :
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which of the following is a long-term environmental consequence associated with the use of strip mining as a means to extract oil sands?
All these three are a long-term environmental consequence:
The large amounts of toxic wastewater generated present treatment and disposal challenges.The generation of steam necessary to liberate the bitumen required burning a lot of natural gas, generating carbon dioxide emissions.Permanent scarring of the landscape resulted from digging out the oil sands.Oil sands are a mixture of sand, water, and bitumen (oil that is too heavy or thick to flow on its own). Bitumen is so thick that it behaves similarly to cold molasses at room temperature. As a result, this resource is sometimes referred to as "tar sands," but that term is incorrect because bitumen and tar (asphalt) are distinct compounds. "Oil sands" correctly identifies the end product derived from bitumen: crude oil.
The oil sands of Canada are the world's largest crude oil deposit. The oil sands (or tar sands, as they are sometimes incorrectly referred to) are a mixture of sand, water, clay, and a type of oil known as bitumen. We can recover oil from the oil sands thanks to innovation and technology, ensuring energy security in the future.
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a constant-volume thermometer measures 82.9 kpa at 500 k. what is the pressure at water's triple point? type your answer here
The pressure measured at the boiling point of water is 55K P a
How to calculate the pressure measured at the boiling point of water ?The amount of force applied to a certain region is referred to as pressure.
The definition of pressure is "force applied per unit area." It can be calculated mathematically using P=FA, where F is the force acting perpendicular to surface area A. The pascal (Pa), or one newton per square meter (N/m 2), is the common unit of pressure.
Given,
Pressure measured by a constant volume gas thermometer at the triple point of water,
[tex]P_{tr}[/tex]= 40KPa = 40*10³P a
The boiling point of water, T=100° C=373.16K
Let the pressure measured at the boiling point of water be P.
For a constant volume gas thermometer, temperature pressure relation is given below
T= P/[tex]P_{tr}[/tex] *273.16K
P =t * [tex]P_{tr}[/tex]/273.16
373.16×40×10 ³/ 273.16
=54620Pa
=5.42×10³ Pa≈55KPa
Therefore the pressure measured at the boiling point of water is 55K Pa
The complete question is : The pressure measured by a constant volume gas thermometer is 40kPa at the triple point of water. What will be the pressure measured at the boiling point of water (100°C)?
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A pull of 40 N inclined at 30° to the horizontal plane, is required just to move a body
placed on a rough horizontal plane. But the push required to move the body is 50 N. If
the push is inclined at 30° to the horizontal, find the weight of the body and co-efficient
of friction.
In mathematics, is equal to F/N, where F is the frictional force and N is the normal force.
What is coefficient of friction?The friction coefficient is the ratio of the normal force pressing two surfaces together to the frictional force preventing motion between the two surfaces. Greek letter mu () is typically used to represent it. In mathematics, is equal to F/N, where F is the frictional force and N is the normal force. The coefficient of friction is dimensionless because both F and N are expressed in units of force (such as newtons or pounds). For both static and kinetic friction, the coefficient of friction has different values. When an object experiences static friction, the frictional force resists any applied force, and the object stays at rest until the static frictional force is removed. In kinetic friction, the frictional force opposes the motion of the object.The coefficient of kinetic friction for a brick sliding on a clean wooden table is approximately 0.5, meaning that a force equal to half the weight of the bricks is needed to simply overcome friction in order to keep the bricks moving along at a constant speed. The coefficient of static friction is approximately 0.6. The frictional force itself is focused in the opposite direction of the object's motion.To Learn more About frictional force refer To:
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Which Statements below are true?
One of the primary advantages of simulation models is that they enable managers to answer what-if questions about changes in systems without actually changing the physical systems themselves.
When we solve a nonlinear programming problem (NLP), it is very possible that Solver will obtain a suboptimal solution.
A correlation matrix must always have 1’s along its diagonal (because a variable is always perfectly correlated with itself) and the correlations between variables elsewhere.
The built-in functions in Excel, along with the RAND function, can be used to generate random numbers from many different types of probability distributions.
A common distribution for modeling product lifetimes is the binomial distribution.
The random nature of games of chance make them poor candidates for simulation.
One of the primary advantages of simulation models is that they enable managers to answer what-if questions about changes in systems without actually changing the physical systems themselves. (True)
What is simulation models?A physical model's performance in the real world is predicted by creating and examining a digital prototype of the physical model. Designers and engineers use simulation modeling to determine whether, under what circumstances, and in what ways a part could fail as well as what loads it can withstand.
Fluid flow and heat transfer pattern prediction can also be aided by simulation modeling. By using simulation software, it analyzes the approximative working conditions.
By using simulation modeling, engineers and designers can analyze designs for new or existing parts without repeatedly building physical prototypes. Users can investigate a variety of digital prototypes before producing the physical prototype.
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design a rc low pass filter with cut-off frequency of 1khz. find one feasible combination of the r, c values of the circuit. what is the voltage gain of the filter circuit at 10khz frequency?
The voltage gain of the filter circuit of frequency is 10khz
What is voltage gain ?It is typically used in electronics to describe the amplification of a signal. While current gain is the ratio of output current to input current, voltage gain is the ratio of output voltage to input voltage.
voltage gain and current gain Pac dI iB = Ai The ratio of the transistor's input current to output current is known as current gain, or AI. A; = Bac = dic - ic for the CE amplifier in the forward active zone. The ratio of the transistor's input to output voltage is known as voltage gain (Ay).
Given ,
frequency = 1
filter circuit = 10
voltage gain = 10/1
= 10khz
Therefore the voltage gain is 10 khz
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In CSMA/CD+ACK, when a wireless NIC wishes to transmit, it listens for traffic. If there is traffic, it waits. When the traffic stops, it may transmit immediately.
A) always true
B) sometimes true
C) always false
It is always true. A wireless NIC in CSMA/CD+ACK listens for traffic before transmitting when it wants to. It waits if there is traffic. It might transmit right away if the traffic stops.
What does a wireless NIC do?A dedicated, permanent connection to a network is provided by a NIC for a computer. It puts into practise the physical layer hardware required for interacting with a data link layer standard, like Ethernet or Wi-Fi. Each card serves as a device and has the ability to prepare, transmit, and manage data flow on the network.Many more recent mobile computers include a wireless network port incorporated into the motherboard due to the low cost and widespread adoption of the Wi-Fi standard.The phrase is typically used to describe IEEE 802.11 adapters, although it can also refer to NICs that use protocols other than 802.11, like those that support Bluetooth connections.To learn more about NIC refer:
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which of the following describe the attributes that extended acls can use to filter network traffic? (select two.) answer extended acls can filter net
Extended ACLs can filter network traffic based on destination hostname or host IP address.
Extended ACLs can filter network traffic based on source protocol (i.e., IP, TCP, UDP, etc.).
What is meant by network traffic ?Network traffic is the amount of data moving through a network at any given moment. Data traffic or simply "traffic" are several names for network traffic. Traffic to a network can be classified as direct, organic, or paid in search engine optimization.
When a network is swamped with more data packet traffic than it can handle, network congestion results. When there are too many simultaneous communication and data requests made over a network with insufficient network bandwidth, data traffic backs up.
Data transfer via the internet is known as IP traffic. Web traffic is yet another name for IP traffic. Since servers—which are used to host websites
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Mechanical Properties of Materials a) Define yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of a material. What is the significance of using engineering stress-engineering strain and true stress-true strain curves?
b) Give the physical arguments for why steels have a definite yield point (upper and lower yield points) while metals like Al and Cu do not.
By putting a material specimen through a compression or tension test, it is possible to determine the connection between stress and strain in a material.
By putting a material specimen through a compression or tension test, it is possible to determine the connection between stress and strain in a material. In this test, a test specimen is subjected to an axial force that increases gradually, and the deflection is recorded as the load rises. An illustration of this data might be a load-deflection curve. The test specimen's deflection is influenced by the specimen's geometry and elastic modulus of the material (area and length). It is helpful to generalize the data to eliminate the effect of geometry because we are interested in material behavior without regard to geometry.
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7.1 pspicemultisim the switch in the circuit in fig. p 7.1 has been closed for a long time before opening at t
A series of DC operating point simulations are carried out using DC sweep. It increases the voltage or current of a chosen source throughout a range of values in specified steps.
With any source that has a DC offset variable, DC sweep can be applied. A layered sweep can also be performed with an optional second source. The diode in the circuit below maintains a nearly constant breakdown or Zener voltage as the current flowing through it varies. The Zener voltage in this instance is 5 V. This circuit can be built, or you can open it from the Help Circuits user group and save a copy for yourself. This group is exclusive.
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g the spacecraft is performing a maneuver to get it in line of sight of its mission objective. the maneuver is an attitude change where the components of angular velocity in the body axis system remain constant.
Radians per second (rad/s) are the measurement of angular velocity.
What is Angular Velocity?Given that it only applies to objects moving in a circular path, it is less frequent than linear velocity. Examples of angular velocity include a roulette ball on a roulette wheel, a race car traveling in a circle, and a Ferris wheel.Additionally, the object's angular displacement with respect to time is represented by the object's angular velocity. Additionally, the central angle that corresponds to an object's location on a circle changes as it moves along a circular path. In addition, the angular velocity, denoted by the letter w, is the rate of change of this angle with respect to time.Consider a Ferris wheel that rotates pi / 6 (pi / 6) radians every minute. The resulting angular velocity of the Ferris wheel would be pi / 6 (pi / 6) radians per minute.To Learn more About angular velocity refer to:
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The link AB is connected to a collar that moves on a vertical guide bar. The link is joined to the collar through a pin joint at A. dot y = 4.1 m/s doubledot y = 6.8 m/s^2 theta = 25.1 degrees
dot theta = 1 rad/s doubledot theta = -1.1 rad/s^2 and L = 0.68 m. Determine the horizontal component of a_B (positive is to the right). Specify your answer in m/s^2 to 3 decimal places.
The horizontal component of a_B is moving right with an acceleration with an angle θ at 8.2014 m/s².
Y.=4.1
y..=6.8
Angle θ=25.1
θ.=1rad/s²
θ..=-1.1rad/s²
L=0.68 m
Accelaration at b
ab=a=(α+rn)-ω².rb/a
rb/a=rb-ra
rb/a=0.416i+0.277j
aB=-2.0128i+8.2014j
a(b)=8.2014 m/s²
It measures how quickly velocity changes over time. Acceleration formula. Change in Velocity/Time Taken = Acceleration. (Final Velocity - Initial Velocity)/Time Taken is the formula for acceleration. The second object always applies an equal and opposing force to the first whenever one object applies a force to another. According to his third law, there is an equal and opposite reaction to every force (action) in nature.
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describe two barriers to using the theory in practice and at least one method for overcoming each barrier (support methods with sources)
Non-standard practices in clinical settings, a lack of confidence in clinical competence, a perceived lack of professional support, inadequacies in the teaching and learning process, and differences between how things are done in the real world and in simulations are just a few of the issues that can arise.
What is barriers?
The perceived obstacles to the adoption of evidence-based practice were a lack of understanding and ability to use study findings as evidence, poor time management, a lack of desire, a lack of resources, and inadequate training.
The main barriers fell into five categories: deviations from accepted practices in clinical settings, lack of confidence in clinical competence, perceptions of a lack of professional support, deficiencies in the teaching and learning process, and differences between behavior in the virtual world and in actual clinical settings.
There are essentially three different types of barriers: external barriers, organizational barriers, and personal barriers. Semantic barriers and psychological barriers make up the two categories of external barriers.
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a pipe with closed ends has an outer diameter of and wall thickness of . it is subjected to an internal pressure of and a torque of . determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shear stress. neglect the localized effects of the end closure.
The maximum normal stress is 900 MPa and the maximum shear stress is 1250 MPa neglecting the localized effects of the end closure.
Maximum normal stress = Internal Pressure x (Outer Diameter - Wall Thickness) / 2
= 1000 x (2 - 0.2) / 2
= 900 MPa
Maximum shear stress = Torque / (Outer Diameter x Wall Thickness)
= 500 / (2 x 0.2)
= 1250 MPa
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complete question.
a pipe with closed ends has an outer diameter of 2 and wall thickness of 0.2 m . it is subjected to an internal pressure of 1000 and a torque of 500 . determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shear stress. neglect the localized effects of the end closure.
An office building requires a heat transfer rate of 20 kW to maintain the inside temperature at 21 °C when the outside temperature is 0 °C. A vapor-compression heat pump with R 134a as the working fluid is to be used to provide the necessary heating. The compressor operates adiabatically with an isentropic efficiency of 82%. Assume the refrigerant exits the evaporator as saturated vapor and exits the condenser as saturated liquid at the respective pressures. Find:Given ?T cond= ?T evap= 10 °C as shown in Figure below, what are the pressuresfor condenser and evaporator?What is the mass flow rate of the refrigerant (kg/s)What is the COP for actual cycleWhat is the COP for Carnot at T outside and T inside (0 and 21 °C respectively)
Mass flow rate (kg/s) of the refrigerant is 0.11 kg/s the actual cycle's COP What is Carnot's COP when T is outside and T is inside is 13
(a)
For the temperature difference of 10 C, the saturation pressure for R134a is found from
the refrigeration table.
P; = PA =800 kPa
P = P, = 200 kPa
Convert pressure in terms of bar.
1 bar
P; = PA =800 kPax-
100 kPa
= 0.8 bar
Hence, the pressure of refrigerant in the condenser is 0.8 bar
Convert pressure in terms of bar.
1 bar
R = P2 = 200 kPax
100 kPa
= 0.2 bar
Hence, the pressure of refrigerant in the evaporator is 0.2 bar
(b)
Calculate the compressor power.
Wcamp = m(hy - hz )
Here, the compressor work is Wcamp-
Substitute 0.11- form , 276.91- forh, , and 241.30- forh2 .
Wcomp =0.11kg/s x 276.91 -241.30
=3.92 kW
Hence, the compressor work is 3.92 kW.
Calculate the COP of the cycle.
cycle's COP=Q/W
cop=273/294-273
=13
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which of the following is true for an npn bjt ? select one: a. the base current consists of mostly holes b. a p-type base is sandwiched between an n-type emitter and an n-type collector c. current flows primarily because of electrons injected into the base d. all of these e. current flows when either vbe or vbc are positive voltages
For an NPN , the base current is primarily made up .
Which of the following statements is accurate about a npn transistor's active region?The potential difference between the collector and the base is always less than 0.4 V, and the base current and collector current are directly proportional to one another.
What are two defining characteristics?Based on the types of the three main terminals, can be divided into NPN and PNP types. An NPN transistor is made up of two semiconductor junctions with a thin p-anode region, and a PNP transistor is made up of two semiconductor junctions with a thin n- cathode region.
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The rule of 10 states that a measuring instrument should
A. Have one tenth the resolution of the tolerance.
B. Be 10 times more accurate than the tolerance you are trying to hold.
C. Be 10 times more accurate than your reference standard.
D. Be graduated in tenths.
The rule of 10 states that a measuring instrument should have one tenth the resolution of the tolerance. Hence option A is correct.
What is resolution?Resolution is defined as a term used to describe how clear and sharp an image or picture is. Resolution describes how many pixels are shown for an image per inch.
According to the Rule of Ten, the measuring device's discrimination should divide the tolerance of the characteristic under test into ten parts. In other words, the measuring device or gage needs to be at least ten times more accurate than the characteristic being assessed.
Thus, the rule of 10 states that a measuring instrument should have one tenth the resolution of the tolerance. Hence option A is correct.
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Problem 1. CMRR of Differential Amplifiers [8 points] VOD J J RD Ro+ARD Vo- Vo+ M M2 +vd/2 -Vd/2 Vc VB4 M4 Vc VB VB3 M3 VB Fig. P1 All transistors are in the saturation region; the transconductances of M1, M2, M3 and M4 are gml, gm2, gm3 and gm4, respectively; the output resistances of M1, M2, M3 and M4 are rol, 102, 103, and 104, respectively. Also, gm1 = gm2 and ro1 = ro2 >> Rp. The tail current source of this differential amplifier is implemented in the cascode structure (M3 and M4), and the load resistors have a very small amount of mismatch, ARD (<
CMRR of Differential Amplifiers is RD/r₀1(1+gm1r₀₄.ro₃gm₄) when All transistors are in the saturation region.
a)V₀=-gm₁(r₀||RD).Vd
V₀/Vd=-gm1(r₀||RD)
since r₀>>Rd
Ad=-gm1Rd
b)for common mode
Rout =gm₄ro₄.ro₃
AV=-gm1r₀1/1+2gm1r₀₄.ro₃gm₄
C)CMRR=|Ad/Ac| for Differential Amplifiers
=gm1Rd/(gm1r₀1/1+2gm1r₀₄.ro₃gm₄)
CMRR=RD/r₀1(1+gm1r₀₄.ro₃gm₄)
The common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of an operational amplifier is the proportion of common-mode gain to differential-mode gain. The CMRR is X/Y, for instance, if a differential input change of Y volts results in a change of 1 volt at the output and a common-mode input change of X volts results in a change of 1 volt at the output as well.
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technician a says that the upper shell of a main bearing is identified by a marking on the back of the shell. technician b says that the upper main bearing shell will always have a hole in it. who is correct?
Technician b is correct that he says affirms that the top main bearing shell will always be pierced by a hole.
A housing, shaft, and lubricant are other parts of the system, which also contains a bearing shell. As a result, they must be developed in concert with the bearing shell as a part of a bearing system as the dependability of the bearing shells is dependent on these other components. Their main objective is to make this rotation of the components almost wear-free. Plain bearings consist of one or two bearing shells that are tightly secured within the bearing seat. The spinning shaft is encircled by the bearing shells at the bearing journals. A steel alloy shell serves as the foundation for every bearing insert, upon which the softer bearing componentsis connected. Bearings may currently be divided into two main categories: those made of aluminum alloy or copper/lead alloy.
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What is a branch interval? Select one: A. Secondary drain of the waste water drainage system within a building B. A vent branch through the roof of a building C. Total length of pipe measured along the centerline of the pipe D. Section of soil or waste stack corresponding to one story in height
Section of soil or waste stack corresponding to one story in height is a branch interval. Thus the correct option is option D.
What is branch interval?Branch interval is a term used to describe the vertical distance between horizontal branches that connect to a drainage stack, which must be at least 8 feet (2438 mm) in developed length. From the highest horizontal branch connection, measurements are taken down the stack.
There are frequently additional requirements for allowable loading in addition to the fundamental FU loading; in this case, a "branch interval" may refer to the number of stories permitted to drain to a specific stack diameter. The criteria for a 6in stack only permits a maximum of 4 branches or stories to be drained to it, so a 6in stack may handle x FU from 5 stories.
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you have probably heard that hurricane harvey was a 1,000 year rainfall event. but the term rainfall event is not the same as a flooding event, one measures the amount of precipitation the other measures river discharge. the highest discharge on buffalo bayou for hurricane harvey was 32,600 cfs. was hurricane harvey a 100-year flooding event (or greater) at the stream gauge on buffalo bayou? you calculated the 100-year event in question 9.
Since discharge of hurricane was 23300cfs which is less than 23730 so no it was not 100 year but less than that.
So, second option is the correct option.
What is a hurricane?A tropical storm that has sustained winds of 74 mph or more is considered a hurricane. A storm's eye typically measures 20 to 30 miles in width and can reach 400 miles. A storm can be dangerous due to the torrential rains, strong winds, and storm surges.
A hurricane can travel the entire length of the Eastern Seaboard and last for up to two weeks over open water.
A hurricane's 74–160 mph winds can reach hundreds of miles inland. Tornadoes can develop in hurricanes, increasing the storm's potential for destruction. Floods and flash floods brought on by torrential rains also result in property damage and fatalities.
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