Chapter 3: How Cah We
How does Central Provident Funds (CPF) benefit society?

Answers

Answer 1

In recent years, policymakers around the world have been attracted to the concept of integrating a consideration of assets into policy efforts aimed at securing and enhancing social welfare. The theory behind asset-based welfare policy suggests that while income facilitates immediate consumption, social development over the long-term occurs primarily through asset accumulation and investment (Sherraden, 1988, 1991). Assets may not only provide individuals with the ability to exert control over resources that can increase their financial security, they might also orient owners to future aspirations and be linked with positive economic, psychological, and social effects. To explore policy efforts consistent with this theory, Sherraden (1991) proposed the establishment of life-long asset accounts for each individual, preferably for newborns, as a vehicle to implement asset-based welfare policies. He further suggests that asset-based policy should be inclusive, progressive, and built around a single integrative and coherent framework (2003a).The experience of Singapore provides an instructive case study for the potential of this approach. This affluent city-state in Southeast Asia has developed an innovative and comprehensive set of policies that employs an asset-based approach to social welfare (Asher & Nandy, 2006). At the center of these efforts is Singapore's Central Provident Fund (CPF). The CPF has gained international recognition as a particular model for meeting social policy objectives (Hateley & Tan, 2003). As one of the key pillars of Singapore's social safety net (Central Provident Fund Board, 2007b), the CPF seeks to facilitate retirement security while minimizing welfare transfer payments in a manner consistent with a national philosophy of self reliance (Central Provident Fund Board, n.d.-e).

While Singapore became independent in 1965, the CPF was originally established by the British colonial government in 1955 as a compulsory defined-contribution savings scheme. It was designed to provide financial security for workers after retirement or when they were no longer able to work (Asher, 1991). However, over the years, the CPF has been used to accelerate national economic growth (Central Provident Fund Board, n.d.-e) and has since evolved into a comprehensive social security savings plan with various pre-retirement uses such as financing healthcare, post-secondary education, home ownership, and other asset enhancement investments. Furthermore, the CPF is an integral part of the continuum of asset-based policies in Singapore that extend throughout the life course (Loke & Sherraden, 2009). Policies such as the Children Development Accounts (CDAs) that target children from birth to age six, the Edusave Scheme that benefits school-going children, and the Post-Secondary Education Accounts (PSEAs) are fully integrated with the infrastructure of the CPF. Unused balances in the CDAs and the Edusave Accounts are rolled-over to the PSEAs, which in turn transfers its unused balances to the CPF. With a portfolio of continuous managed investment, the CPF has become a life-long provision (Aw & Low, 1996).

There is much to be learned from the Singapore and CPF experience. Especially for other countries considering how to organize social policy efforts to support savings, promote asset-based welfare, and design a lifelong and multi-purpose yet coherent system. This paper will present an overview of CPF, describe how distributions from the fund support a range of policy objectives throughout the life course, and then discuss implications of these findings for national policy efforts in other countries, such as the United States.


Related Questions

Historians have to understand the order in which events happen to get an accurate sense of the relationships between events. Think like a historian and sequence the events that led to the Roman control of Judea. Number the conflicts that led to Roman control of Judea in correct chronological order. Begin by labeling the first event 1.

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

It is correct to say that Historians have to understand the order in which events happen to get an accurate sense of the relationships between events.

So thinking like a historian of the sequence of events that led to the Roman control of Judea, we can set the following example of the beginning of Roman presence in Judea.

1.- In 63 BCE, Roman General Pompey captures the city of Jerusalem, beginning the presence of the Roman Empire in the region.

2.- 57 BCE. Albius Gabinius split the zone into five regions. One of those was Jerusalem.

3.- 54 BCE. Roman General Crassus enter the sacred Jewish temple and steals important relics.

4.- 40 BCE. Heard is appointed King of Jews in Jerusalem by the Roman Senate.

5.- Year 0. Jesus of Nazareth is born.

6.- 30 CE. Jesus gets baptism in the Jordan River by his cousin John.

7.- 33 CE. The Passion of Jesus. The crucifixion.

8.- 57 CE. Apostle Paul is arrested on the outskirts of Jerusalem.

9.- 66 CE. The beginning of the so-called first Roman-Jewish War.

10.- 90 CE. Domitian increases the persecutions of Christians and Jewish.

Do you think that lack of
access to proper sanitation
facilities affects peoples'
lives? How?

Answers

Answer:

hiiiiiiiiiii

Explanation:

understand Friend

What are the costs and benefits of McDonaldization for societies?
Will Give Brainlyest
3-5 sentences

Answers

There is a far greater availability of goods and services than before, their availability depends less on time or geographic location.


This wider range of goods and services is available to a much larger portion of the population.


People are able to get what they want or need almost instantaneously.


It is far more convenient to get what they want or need


Goods and services are of a far more uniform quality; at least some people get even better goods and services then before McDonaldization.


For more economical alternatives to high-priced, customized goods and services are widely available; therefore, people can afford things they could not previously afford.


Fast, efficient goods and services are available to a population that is working longer hours and has fewer hours to spare.


In a rapidly changing, unfamiliar, and seemingly hostile world, there is comfort in the comparatively stable, familiar, and safe environment of a McDonaldized system.


Because of quantification, consumers can more easily compare competing products.


People can do things, such as obtain money or a bank balance in the middle of the night, that were impossible before.


It is now safer to do things (for example, diet) on a carefully regulated and controlled system.


People are more likely to be treated similarly, no matter what their race, gender, or social class.


Organizational and technological innovations are more quickly and easily diffused through networks of identical operators.

An autocracy is a government in which one person has all the power. There are two main types of autocracy: a___and___
(2 Points)
Monarchy and democracy
Communism and socialism
Monarchy and dictatorship
Oligarchy and theocracy

Answers

I think it’s the first one
Sorry if it’s wrong and hope that helped

why do you think it is important to understand the concept of Diminishing Marginal Returns when making production decisions?

Answers

Answer:

The law of diminishing marginal returns is a theory in economics that predicts that after some optimal level of capacity is reached, adding an additional factor of production will actually result in smaller increases in output.

For example, a factory employs workers to manufacture its products, and, at some point, the company operates at an optimal level. With all other production factors constant, adding additional workers beyond this optimal level will result in less efficient operations. 

Explanation:

KEY TAKEAWAYS

The law of diminishing marginal returns states that adding an additional factor of production results in smaller increases in output. 

After some optimal level of capacity utilization, the addition of any larger amounts of a factor of production will inevitably yield decreased per-unit incremental returns.

For example, if a factory employs workers to manufacture its products, at some point, the company will operate at an optimal level; with all other production factors constant, adding additional workers beyond this optimal level will result in less efficient operations. 

We should stand up against the threat of tyranny so that it does not spread.

True
False

Answers

Answer:

it is true we should!!!!

Which of the following is not an ecosystem service provided by rural (country) land?
a. Oxygen in the air
b. Plastic for making bottles
c. Aesthetic beauty
d. Wood for making paper

Answers

Answer: c.

Explanation:

the reason why its c is because  its the only one that dosent make sense

I think it’s c not sure tho

do you always buy only what you like best? include the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility in your response.

Answers

Answer:

who is accountable for policy making monitoring and evaluation for population management?

Question 1 1 pts 1.
Which due process right is being violated when a person is held in jail without being charged with a crime?
1. writ of habeas corpus
2. right to a lawyer
3. protection from unreasonable bail
4. freedom of speech ​

Answers

Answer:

right to a layer is am not sure

Writ of habeas corpus.

How does the lawmaking process differ at the federal and state levels?

Answers

Answer:

There are different types of laws. Federal laws apply to everyone in the United States. State and local laws apply to people who live or work in a particular state, commonwealth, territory, county, city, municipality, town, township or village.

Explanation:

The physical geography and natural borders in Ancient Greece contributed to the
development of _________________________________.

Answers

Answer:

here's the answer

Explanation:

The geography of the region helped to shape the government and culture of the Ancient Greeks. Geographical formations including mountains, seas, and islands formed natural barriers between the Greek city-states and forced the Greeks to settle along the coast.

Can you please help me

Answers

Answer:

1. Legislative  2. President  3. President  4. Judicial   5. Judicial

Explanation:

1. Legislative

2. President

3. President

4. Judicial

5. Judicial

I attached a document where I found the words in the  word search:

What were the reasons behind the French Revolution?

Answers

Answer:

There is significant disagreement among historians of the French Revolution as to its causes. Usually, they acknowledge the presence of several interlinked factors, but vary in the weight they attribute to each one.

Explanation:

I hope this helps and pls mark me brainliest :)

if someone walks a distance of 250 metres in 30 seconds , what was their average speed in m/s ?

Answers

Answer:

8.3333333

Explanation:

8.3333
explaining: 250 divided by 30

How did China influence Korea?

Answers

Answer: They were influenced by chinese trade goods and culture. Korea writing systems, architecture, political systems, religions, and even musical instruments came from china. korean artisans adopted the technique and it became one of korea's great cultural emblems.

Explanation:

recommend Two ways in which woman and children can be protected from discrimination and violence ​

Answers

Explanation:

Funding women's full participation in civil society. ...

Scaling up prevention efforts that address unequal gender power relations as a root cause of gender-based violence. ...

Bringing gender-based violence clinical services to lower-level health facilities.

Ways by which woman and children can be protected from discrimination and violence includes:\

Funding women's full participation in civil societyScaling up prevention efforts that address unequal gender power

What does discrimination and violence connotes?

In the pursuit of protecting women and children from discrimination and violence, the commission for human right and administrative justice also help to prevent violations and abuse through different measures.

In conclusion, a public sensitization and enactment of legislation are effective in protecting women and children from discrimination and violence.​

Read more about discrimination & violence

brainly.com/question/504251

Read each question carefully. Determine the best answer to the question from the four answer choices provided. A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was that they —

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options/choices attached neither further context nor references, we can comment on the following.

A major strength of the Articles of Confederation was that they allowed states to make decisions for themselves and the states remained sovereign. Under the Articles of Confederation, the states could collect money through taxation.

Under the Articles of Confederation, the central government was weak. It could not collect money through taxation. It was the states the ones that remained sovereign and could collect money through taxes.

Under the Articles of Confederation, there was no national currency, no national authority to tax, and the fear of citizen uprisings.

That is why the delegates of the states met at the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania during the summer of 1787, to participate in the Constitutional Convention to create the new Constitution of the United States.

How did Luther's 95 Theses, the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights change history?

Answers

Answer:

His “95 thesis quote” , space which from pronounce propounded to central belief that the Bible is the central religious authority and the human may reach salvation only be by their faith and not by their deeds was to sparked the protestant reformation his writing change the course of religious and cultural history in the west.

Explanation:

why do we need independent judiciary

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Judicial independence serves as a safeguard for the rights and privileges provided by a limited constitution and prevents executive and legislative encroachment upon those rights. It serves as a foundation for the rule of law and democracy.

Record three key points that describe some Hindus’ beliefs about Brahman.

Answers

Answer:

hard

Explanation:

Carly wants to go to the math competition, but she's afraid it will mean losing her friends.

Answers

Answer:

Well it sounds like carly needs some new friends and maybe when she goes to the math competition she can find some new friends.

Explanation:

(つ ^_^ )つ I think Carly should do it if that's what she really wants to do! Cause she might not have that opportunity to do it again. And if her "Friends" don't want to be her friend because of that than I think those friends were just Fake and she'll find real ones eventually that support her in what she loves.  

~Hope this Helps!~

Bill is unemployed and very poor, and he hopes to get a mobile phone.Do you think this is a want or a need? Why?

Answers

Answer:

I think a want

Explanation:

Because he hopes to get one and he could use that money for food or bills and he could use a street phone and its way cheaper with using that.

Answer:

yes cuz the mobile phone is important and he can search for jobs on the internet or he can try opining an online business so he can earn money

Explanation:

4. Legislative Branch Main responsibility Members Key powers ​

Answers

They draft proposals, confirm or reject presidential nominations for heads of the federal agencies, federal judges and the Supreme Court and it has the authority to declare war.

Susie is writing a report about severe weather in her state of Florida. She is pretty sure that they had more tropical storms last year than they did the year before.

Which type of Jesearch material would be best for Susie to find weather statistics about the past years?

А. atlas
В. dictionary
C. encyclopedia
D. almanac

Answers

Hi there! I would say D. an almanac.

I know because an atlas is basically a book of maps, and that doesn't show weather from years past.

A dictionary is where you go to look up words, and same for an encyclopedia.

An almanac (specifically a farmers almanac) can show you weather from previous years. Look it up!

How do aspects of culture vary around the world?

Choose two different countries and one of the components of culture listed below:
1. Music
2. Dance
3. Literature
4. Architecture
5. Art

Research how your chosen component of culture is both SIMILAR and DIFFERENT in the two countries you have chosen.
Be sure to find out what the component's major characteristics are.
How is it used and valued in each society?
How does it reflects each society's culture and way of life?

Please summarize your findings in complete sentences. I am NOT looking for a long essay, just answer the questions being asked.

Answers

Answer:music

List and define the several elements of culture. ... Culture was defined earlier as the symbols, language, beliefs, values, and artifacts that are ... However, the same gesture can mean one thing in one society and something ... to these shapes, for many people across the world they evoke very strong feelings of religious faith.

How has diversity contributed to NASA's success? plz help lol

Answers

Answer:

se es la na ponda con lundo

Answer:

Mary Jackson

Explanation:

Mary Jackson was a engineer for nasa

Which of the following explains why food production has been forced to advance?

unpredictable weather patterns

rapid population increase

threats of animal extinction

changes in market demand

Answers

The second one is the answer

The topic sentence below is...
The rule of the Roman Empire ended over 1,500 years
ago.
Strong: Claim
Weak: Not a Claim
Report a problem

Answers

Answer:

Weak: not a claim

Explanation:

Is the right answer

Please state three facts that you learned about the Westward Expansion pls help

Answers

Westward expansion began in earnest in 1803. Thomas Jefferson negotiated a treaty with France in which the United States paid France $15 million for the Louisiana Territory – 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River – effectively doubling the size of the young nation.

The settlers became successful farmers and built housing and factories. Unfortunately, the Native Americans lost their land and had to live on small reservations. In conclusion, the Westward Expansion led to America becoming a superpower.

Select the career fields to which a degree in animal
science could lead.

environmental quality

kennel management

waste management

laboratory research

horse grooming

poultry farming

animal husbandry

Answers

Environmental equality, kennel management, horse grooming, poultry farming, and animal husbandry
Other Questions
Please can someone explain the differences in variables (e.g. control variable, Independent variable and Dependent variable). I know the definition, but I'm still not sure which is which when undertaking an experiment. Could someone possibly give me an example of an experiment and which is which? Triangle ABC is a right-angled triangle.ADB is a straight line.DA = DCAngle BCD = 20Work out the size of the anglemarked x.You must give reasons for eachstage of your working out Find the missing angle. HELP ME WALLAHI THIS IS HARD WALLAHI HELP ME Fill in the coefficients that will balance the following reaction: (Note: Use 1 as coefficient where appropriate.) Hg(C)3)2 + AgCl -> HgCl4 +Ag2CO3 I DONT WANT HOW TO DO IT JUST THE ANSWER What is the answer for the wuesy Analyze how main character changes over the course of the story in story sleeping by katharine webber The figure below consists of a square and a right triangle. Find the missing length x.34 cm16 cm Which expression is NOT equivalent to -6 x (1/3 + 1/3)A. -6/3 + 1/3B. -6 x 2/3C. -6 x (2x 1/3)D.(1/3 + 1/3) x (-6) put this in you own words "A slimy rock cod with bulging fish eyes that pleaded not to be thrown into a pan of hot oil." Why did the particles of insoluble titanium dioxide sink to the bottom? can someone please help please help"A power line must be laid to connect two towns, A and B. They are situated on opposite sides of a broad river that is 1 kilometre wide.Town B is 5 kilometres down the river from a point C, directly across the river from town A, as shown on the diagram ATTACHED.The cost of installing the power line is estimated at $20 000 per kilometre under water and $10 000 per kilometre on dry land. The proposed budget to install the lines is $64 000."Where should the powerlines meet the bank of the river to have the lowest cost?? Which of the following is the result of faulting?Select one:a.a sudden earthquake as bent tectonic plates release tensionb.the destruction of undersea mountains as ocean plates slide under continental platesc.a cascade of rock and ash that spews forth along tectonic plate boundariesd.the slow folding up of mountains as tectonic plates collide 12Jack burned 150 calories on the elliptical and210 calories on the treadmill. What is the ratioof calories burned on the elliptical to caloriesburned on the treadmill? Write the ratio onsimplest form.please help !! James ran 3 kilometers after school. How many meters did James run? Around what pH are most of the substances in your body? Why? Find the surface area of the right triangular prism (above) using its net (below). units Describe one thing that George admits to doing to Lennie in the past that he now regrets?