Bellingham Company produces a product that requires 2 standard direct labor hours per unit at a standard hourly rate of $16.00 per hour.
If 5,600 units used 11,000 hours at an hourly rate of $16.64 per hour, The formula for calculating direct labor variance is as follows: Direct labor variance = Standard Rate (AH - SH) Where, AH = Actual hours SH = Standard hours(a) Rate Variance Standard Rate = $16.00 per hour Actual Rate = $16.64 per hour Rate Variance = Standard Rate - Actual Rate= $16.00 - $16.64= -$0.64 (Favorable)Therefore, the direct labor rate variance is $0.64 (Favorable).
Time Variance [tex]Standard time = 2 hours[/tex] per unit Standard hours for 5,600 units = 2 hrs per unit × 5,600 units= 11,200 hours Actual Hours = 11,000 hours Time variance = Actual hours - Standard hours= 11,000 hours - 11,200 hours= -200 (Unfavorable).
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Test Company uses a normal, activity-based cost system to determine product cost. The following information is available from the accounting system.
Activity Estimated cost Cost driver Estimated usage
Moving materials $45,000 Inspection hours 1,800 inspection hours
Inspecting products $16,200 Material moves 3,600 material moves
Test Company estimates that 6,120 direct labor hours will be used for the coming period. During the period, Test Company completed Job 101 and reported the following actual amounts.
Job 101
Direct materials $1,500
Direct labor $1,000
Direct labor hours 250
Inspection hours 100
Material moves 80
Determine the total cost of Job 101.
The total allocated overhead cost for Job 101 is $2,500 + $360 = $2,860. Adding this to the direct materials and direct labor costs, we get the total cost of Job 101: $1,500 + $1,000 + $2,860 = $5,680.
The total cost of Job 101 in Test Company is $5,680. This cost consists of direct materials, direct labor, and allocated overhead costs. Direct materials amount to $1,500, while direct labor costs $1,000. The allocated overhead costs are determined using the activity-based cost system.
In the first activity, moving materials, the estimated cost is $45,000, and the cost driver is inspection hours. The estimated usage of inspection hours is 1,800. For Job 101, 100 inspection hours were reported. To allocate the cost of moving materials to Job 101, we can use the following calculation:
Allocation rate = Estimated cost / Estimated usage = $45,000 / 1,800 inspection hours = $25 per inspection hour Allocated cost for moving materials = Allocation rate × Actual usage = $25 × 100 inspection hours = $2,500
In the second activity, inspecting products, the estimated cost is $16,200, and the cost driver is material moves. The estimated usage of material moves is 3,600. For Job 101, 80 material moves were reported. To allocate the cost of inspecting products to Job 101, we can use the following calculation:
Allocation rate = Estimated cost / Estimated usage = $16,200 / 3,600 material moves = $4.50 per material move .Allocated cost for inspecting products = Allocation rate × Actual usage = $4.50 × 80 material moves = $360
Therefore, the total allocated overhead cost for Job 101 is $2,500 + $360 = $2,860. Adding this to the direct materials and direct labor costs, we get the total cost of Job 101: $1,500 + $1,000 + $2,860 = $5,680.
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The total allocated overhead cost for Job 101 is $2,500 + $360 = $2,860. Adding this to the direct materials and direct labor costs, we get the total cost of Job 101: $1,500 + $1,000 + $2,860 = $5,680.
The total cost of Job 101 in Test Company is $5,680. This cost consists of direct materials, direct labor, and allocated overhead costs. Direct materials amount to $1,500, while direct labor costs $1,000. The allocated overhead costs are determined using the activity-based cost system.
In the first activity, moving materials, the estimated cost is $45,000, and the cost driver is inspection hours. The estimated usage of inspection hours is 1,800. For Job 101, 100 inspection hours were reported. To allocate the cost of moving materials to Job 101, we can use the following calculation:
Allocation rate = Estimated cost / Estimated usage = $45,000 / 1,800 inspection hours = $25 per inspection hour Allocated cost for moving materials = Allocation rate × Actual usage = $25 × 100 inspection hours = $2,500
In the second activity, inspecting products, the estimated cost is $16,200, and the cost driver is material moves. The estimated usage of material moves is 3,600. For Job 101, 80 material moves were reported. To allocate the cost of inspecting products to Job 101, we can use the following calculation:
Allocation rate = Estimated cost / Estimated usage = $16,200 / 3,600 material moves = $4.50 per material move .Allocated cost for inspecting products = Allocation rate × Actual usage = $4.50 × 80 material moves = $360
Therefore, the total allocated overhead cost for Job 101 is $2,500 + $360 = $2,860. Adding this to the direct materials and direct labor costs, we get the total cost of Job 101: $1,500 + $1,000 + $2,860 = $5,680.
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Risk management has become an integral part of the transport and freight management globally. Explain the typical risks which goods face on transportation from Denmark to Lusaka passing through modal choice selection, clearly giving examples.
Risk management is an essential aspect of transport and freight management. The process of transporting goods, whether domestically or internationally, poses many potential risks to cargo. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and mitigate these risks, which ensures the safe and timely delivery of goods.
Let's explore some of the typical risks that goods face when transported from Denmark to Lusaka, including modal choice selection. Modal choice selection: Modal choice refers to the decision of selecting the most appropriate mode of transportation based on the type of goods, the distance to be covered, and other relevant factors.
Different modes of transportation have varying levels of risk associated with them. Theft: Theft is one of the significant risks that goods face during transportation. Cargo theft is most common in high crime areas or areas with low-security standards, such as roadside stops, seaports, and airports.
For instance, a container carrying expensive products may be hijacked by thieves, and the goods will be stolen or sold at a lower price. Damage: Damage is a risk that may occur during transportation. Damage may be caused by improper packaging, rough handling of the goods, or poor transportation conditions.
For example, if delicate goods such as glassware are not appropriately packaged and handled, they may break or get damaged. Natural disasters: Natural disasters such as floods, hurricanes, or earthquakes can damage goods during transportation. Such disasters can lead to severe delays, damage to cargo, or loss of life.
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What is the "Price Elasticity of Demand" and
what is its role in Microeconomics? (50 words or more)
what role does "Price Elasticity" play when computing
"Total Revenue?" (50 words or more)
Price Elasticity of Demand is a measure of the responsiveness of the demand for a particular good or service to a change in its price. In other words, it indicates how much the quantity demanded of a good changes when there is a change in its price. Price elasticity of demand can be expressed mathematically as follows:
Price Elasticity of Demand = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price)
In microeconomics, price elasticity of demand plays a crucial role in understanding how consumers respond to changes in prices. It helps businesses and policymakers to make better decisions related to pricing and marketing strategies. For instance, if the price elasticity of demand for a product is high, then the demand for that product will be very responsive to changes in its price. On the other hand, if the price elasticity of demand is low, then the demand will not be very responsive to price changes.
When computing total revenue, the concept of price elasticity plays an important role. Total revenue is the amount of money that a firm earns from selling its products or services. The formula for total revenue is:
Total Revenue = Price x Quantity
If a firm increases the price of its product and the demand for that product is inelastic (i.e., price elasticity of demand is low), then the total revenue of the firm will increase. This is because the increase in price will more than offset the decrease in quantity demanded. On the other hand, if the demand for the product is elastic (i.e., price elasticity of demand is high), then the total revenue of the firm will decrease when the price is increased. This is because the decrease in quantity demanded will more than offset the increase in price.
Thus, price elasticity of demand is an important concept in microeconomics that helps businesses and policymakers to make better decisions related to pricing and marketing strategies. It plays a critical role in computing total revenue and understanding the behavior of consumers in response to changes in prices.
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Which of the following would NOT be considered a single-market manufacturer?
a. cheese and dairy manufacturers
b. pin manufacturers
c. button manufacturers
d. zipper manufacturers
e. car part manufacturers
Car part manufacturers are not single-market manufacturers because they only sell their products to a few customers.
Single-market manufacturers are manufacturers that only have one or two customers. Cheese and dairy manufacturers, pin manufacturers, button manufacturers, and zipper manufacturers all produce products that are used by a wide variety of businesses and consumers, so they would all be considered single-market manufacturers.
However, car part manufacturers typically produce parts that are only used by a few car manufacturers, so they would not be considered single-market manufacturers.
Here are some additional reasons why car part manufacturers would not be considered single-market manufacturers:
Car part manufacturers typically produce parts that are customized to the specific needs of each car manufacturer.
Car part manufacturers typically have to meet strict quality standards that are set by the car manufacturers.
As a result of these factors, car part manufacturers are not able to easily sell their parts to other companies, which means that they are not single-market manufacturers.
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The basic reason manufacturers spend time and money building their own brands is to build brand equity. By creating and establishing a strong brand, manufacturers can differentiate themselves from competitors, build trust with consumers, and ultimately increase the value of their products. Brand equity refers to the value and reputation that a brand holds in the market.
Building their own brands allows manufacturers to create positioning possibilities for their generic product lines. By having a strong brand, they can position their generic products as premium or high-quality options, which can attract customers who are loyal to the brand. This helps manufacturers capture a larger market share and maintain a competitive advantage.
Another reason manufacturers invest in building their own brands is to create brand awareness. By promoting their brand through advertising, marketing campaigns, and other promotional activities, manufacturers can increase visibility and familiarity among consumers. This can lead to higher brand recognition and preference, which in turn can drive sales and customer loyalty.
Moreover, manufacturers may build their own brands to offset the power of private-label manufacturers. Private-label manufacturers produce products that are sold under the brand name of a retailer. By building their own brands, manufacturers can establish themselves as trusted and reliable providers of products, reducing the reliance on private-label manufacturers and maintaining control over pricing and distribution.
In summary, the main reasons manufacturers spend time and money building their own brands are to build brand equity, create positioning possibilities for their generic product lines, maximize product line depth, create brand awareness, and offset the power of private-label manufacturers.
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who plays a crucial role in determining house of representatives' committee assignments, leadership roles and assigning bills to committees?
The Speaker of the House plays a crucial role in determining House of Representatives' committee assignments, leadership roles, and assigning bills to committees.
1. The Speaker of the House: The Speaker of the House is an influential position in the U.S. House of Representatives. The Speaker is elected by the members of the House and is typically the leader of the majority party.
2. Committee Assignments: The Speaker holds significant power in determining committee assignments. They have the authority to appoint members of their party to various committees in the House. This includes selecting committee chairs and deciding the overall composition of each committee.
3. Leadership Roles: The Speaker also plays a vital role in determining leadership positions within the House. They have the authority to appoint individuals to key leadership roles, such as Majority Leader, Majority Whip, and committee chairs.
4. Assigning Bills to Committees: Another crucial responsibility of the Speaker is assigning bills to specific committees for consideration. When a bill is introduced in the House, the Speaker determines which committee will review and debate the legislation. This decision can significantly impact the fate of the bill.
5. Influence and Negotiation: The Speaker's influence extends beyond formal powers. They can use their position to negotiate and persuade members of their party to support certain committee assignments, leadership positions, or bills.
In conclusion, the Speaker of the House holds considerable authority in determining committee assignments, leadership roles, and assigning bills to committees in the House of Representatives. Their decisions shape the legislative process and have a significant impact on the functioning of the House.
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consider an agent with wealth w facing the possibility of an accident. the probability of the accident is p, and if it happens he looses an amount of money equal to l: the agent can buy insurance that pays q if the accident happens, and costs q, i.e., is the premium per dollar of coverage
Analyzing the case based on the information, there is a need to mitigate the risk of an accident involving financial loss, therefore, the ideal option would be to take out insurance that offers coverage for such a situation.
What insurance is ideal in this case?It is necessary for the insurance policy to pay an amount "q" in the event of an accident. To obtain coverage, the agent must also pay a cost per dollar of coverage provided by the insurance.
Therefore, to mitigate financial risks, the agent must meaningfully analyze the costs and benefits related to insurance, calculating the probability that the accident costs are greater than the premium.
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Question: Your Name Is Jack. You Are A Single 27-Year-Old Non-Smoker Male, With No Children, Living In Philadelphia (Zip Code 19104). You Work Full-Time As A Cashier, Making $8.65 Per Hour ($1.40 More Than Minimum Wage). Your Annual Income Is About $18,000, Which Is Equal To 148% Of Poverty. That Means You Don’t Qualify For Medicaid. However, You Do Not Have Access To
Your name is Jack. You are a single 27-year-old non-smoker male, with no children, living in Philadelphia (zip code 19104). You work full-time as a cashier, making $8.65 per hour ($1.40 more than minimum wage). Your annual income is about $18,000, which is equal to 148% of poverty. That means you don’t qualify for Medicaid. However, you do not have access to health insurance through your employer.
Good news! Because your income is less than 400% of poverty, you qualify for an Advanced Premium Tax Credit if you purchase insurance through the Marketplace. You log on to healthcare.gov to look at your options.
There are four levels of health plans: bronze, silver, gold and platinum. These levels are differentiated based on their actuarial value (the average percentage of healthcare expenses that will be paid by the plan). The higher the actuarial value, the more the plan will pay towards your healthcare expenses and, therefore, the lower your out-of-pocket costs will be. Out-of-pocket costs include:
Deductibles – the amount you owe for covered services before insurance kicks in;
Copayments – a fixed amount you pay for a covered healthcare service; and
Coinsurance – your share of the costs of a covered healthcare service.
The downside of plans with higher actuarial values (and lower out-of-pocket costs) is that you have to pay a higher monthly premium. Platinum plans, which have the highest premiums, have 90% actuarial value; gold plans have 80%; silver plans have 70%; and bronze plans have 60% actuarial value. Many different plans exist within each level, with different cost-sharing arrangements (for example, some plans have high deductibles and low coinsurance, and other plans have low deductibles and high coinsurance). In the Marketplace, you compare the many plans that are available. See page 15 for an example of the typical level of benefits provided in the four levels.
Because your monthly income is limited, you decide to consider only bronze and silver plans.
Which plan do you choose?
As per the given context, Jack has an annual income of $18,000.
Since his income is less than 400% of the poverty line, he qualifies for the Advanced Premium Tax Credit if he purchases insurance through the Marketplace.
As he only considers Bronze and Silver plans, Jack has to choose between these two plans. Let's compare the two plans and determine which one he should choose.
Bronze plansBronze plans have a 60% actuarial value, which means that, on average, the plan will pay 60% of the healthcare expenses, and Jack will be responsible for the remaining 40%.
Bronze plans have low monthly premiums but high out-of-pocket costs such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance.
Silver plansSilver plans have a 70% actuarial value, which means that, on average, the plan will pay 70% of the healthcare expenses, and Jack will be responsible for the remaining 30%.
Silver plans have higher monthly premiums but lower out-of-pocket costs such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance.
Jack's monthly income is limited.
Therefore, it is more appropriate for him to choose a silver plan since it has higher premiums but lower out-of-pocket costs such as deductibles, copayments, and coinsurance.
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Risky Clients An automobile insurance company divides customers into three categories, good risks, medium risks, and poor risks. Assume that 72% of the customers are good risks, 20% are medium risks, and 8% are poor risks. Assume that during the course of a year, a good risk customer has probability 0.005 of filing an accident claim, a medium risk customer has probability 0.01, and a poor risk customer has probability 0.025. A customer is chosen at random. ection 02.03 Exercise 20.a- A Claim From a Good Risk Client Ihat is the probability that the customer is a good risk and has filed a claim? Round the answer to four decimal places. Numeric Response Required information Section 02.03 Exercise 20- Risky Clients An automobile insurance company divides customers into three categories, good risks, medium risks, and poor risks. Assume that 72% of the customers are good risks, 20% are medium risks, and 8% are poor risks. Assume that during the course of a year, a good risk customer has probability 0.005 of filing an accident claim, a medium risk customer has probability 0.01, and a poor risk customer has probability 0.025. A customer is chosen at random. Section 02.03 Exercise 20.b- Customer Filed a Claim What is the probability that the customer has filed a claim? Round the answer to four decimal places. Numeric Response Required information Section 02.03 Exercise 20- Risky Clients An automobile insurance company divides customers into three categories, good risks, medium risks, and poor risks. Assume that 72% of the customers are good risks, 20% are medium risks, and 8% are poor risks. Assume that during the course of a year, a good risk customer has probability 0.005 of filing an accident claim, a medium risk customer has probability 0.01, and a poor risk customer has probability 0.025. A customer is chosen at random. Section 02.03 Exercise 20.c-Bayes' Rule Given that the customer has filed a claim, what is the probability that the customer is a good risk? Numeric Response
a) The probability that the customer is a good risk and has filed a claim is 0.0036.Round off your answer to four decimal places.A customer is chosen at random and the probability that the customer is a good risk is 0.72. The probability that a good risk customer has filed an accident claim is 0.005.
The probability that a medium risk customer has filed an accident claim is 0.01 and that of a poor risk customer is 0.025.
The probability that a customer is a good risk and has filed a claim is obtained by multiplying the probabilities that the customer is a good risk and that he/she has filed a claim. P(A good risk customer and a filed claim) = P(A good risk) *
P(A filed claim | A good risk) = 0.72 * 0.005 = 0.0036
b) The probability that the customer has filed a claim is 0.0172. Round off your answer to four decimal places.
The probability that a customer has filed a claim is the sum of the probabilities that a good risk customer, a medium risk customer and a poor risk customer have filed an accident claim.
P(A filed claim) = P(A good risk and a filed claim) + P(A medium risk and a filed claim) + P(A poor risk and a filed claim)
= (0.72*0.005) + (0.20*0.01) + (0.08*0.025)
= 0.0172
c) The probability that the customer is a good risk given that the customer has filed a claim is 0.1262. Round off your answer to four decimal places.
By Bayes' Rule, we can find the probability that the customer is a good risk given that he/she has filed a claim.
P(A good risk | A filed claim) = P(A good risk and A filed claim) / P(A filed claim)
= 0.0036 / 0.0172
= 0.2093
≈ 0.1262
Therefore, the probability that the customer is a good risk given that he/she has filed a claim is 0.1262 (approx).
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franks taxidermy has a cash conversion cycle of ______
days, which means the business may be facing a cash flow
crunch.
Franks Taxidermy's extended cash conversion cycle suggests a cash flow problem, potentially impacting financial obligations and necessitating process optimization.
Franks Taxidermy has a lengthy cash conversion cycle, which suggests that there may be a cash flow problem at the company. The time it takes for a business to turn its inputs in raw materials into cash inflows from sales is measured by the cash conversion cycle. Franks Taxidermy may take a while to turn its inventory into sales and eventually collect the money if its cash conversion cycle is lengthy. The company may struggle to meet urgent financial responsibilities like paying suppliers, employees, or other expenses, which could put a burden on the cash flow. Franks Taxidermy must evaluate and streamline its processes, enhance inventory control, and put strategies into practice.
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Manufacturing costs, other than direct materials and direct labor, that cannot be cost- effectively traced to finished goods are called: A) Administrative expenses. B) Period costs, C) Prime costs. D) Factory overhead. E) Selling costs.
Factory overhead refers to the indirect costs incurred during the production process that cannot be directly attributed to individual units of output. These costs include expenses such as electricity, machinery depreciation, rent, and indirect labor.
They are essential for the production process but cannot be easily traced to specific products.
To calculate factory overhead, you need to sum up all the manufacturing costs that are not classified as direct labor or direct materials. This includes indirect materials, indirect labor, and other overhead costs. For example, costs for utilities, rent, depreciation, insurance, and property taxes on the plant would be considered factory overhead.
Let's consider an example: Company ABC incurs $1,000 per month for utilities, $5,000 per month for rent, and $2,000 per month for depreciation. The total monthly overhead costs amount to $8,000. If the company produces 2,000 units per month, the factory overhead per unit is calculated as follows:
Factory Overhead per unit = Total Overhead costs / Total Units Produced per month
= $8,000 / 2,000 units
= $4 per unit
Therefore, the cost per unit of finished goods should include $4 to cover the portion of overhead costs associated with each unit. In summary, manufacturing costs, excluding direct materials and direct labor, that cannot be easily traced to finished goods are referred to as factory overhead.
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Howie Long has just learned he has won a $500,000 prize in the lottery. The lottery has given him two options for receiving the payments. (1) If Howie takes all the money today, the state and federal governments will deduct taxes at a rate of 46% immediately. (2) Alternatively, the lottery offers Howie a payout of 20 equal payments of $36,000 with the first payment occurring when Howie turns in the winning ticket. Howie will be taxed on each of these payments at a rate of 25%. Click here to view factor tables Compute the present value of the cash flows for lump sum payout. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.) Lump sum payout $ Assuming Howie can earn an 8% rate of return (compounded annually) on any money invested during this period, compute the present value of the cash flows for annuity payout. (Round factor values to 5 decimal places, e.g. 1.25124 and final answer to 0 decimal places, e.g. 458,581.) Rresent value of annuity payout $
Howie Long has won $500,000 in the lottery and has two choices for receiving payments. The first option is to receive the total amount now but 46% of the prize will be deducted immediately as taxes by the federal and state governments.
In the second option, the prize is split into 20 equal payments of $36,000.
Each payment would be taxed at a rate of 25%.
We can calculate the present value of the lump sum payout using the present value of a single amount formula.
[tex]Present value = FV / (1 + r) n[/tex]
Where FV = Future value, r = Rate of return, and n = Number of periods.
Lump sum payout $500,000
Tax rate 46%
Tax to be paid $230,000
Net lump sum payout$270,000
The net lump sum payout of $270,000 is the present value of the lump sum payout since he receives it now.
To calculate the present value of the cash flows for annuity payout, we can use the present value of an ordinary annuity formula.
Present value of ordinary annuity = [tex]PMT [(1 - (1 + r)-n) / r][/tex]
Where PMT = Payment, r = Rate of return, and n = Number of periods.
For Howie Long, PMT = $36,000, r = 8%, and n = 20.
Present value of ordinary annuity $469,504
Therefore, the present value of the cash flows for lump sum payout is $270,000 and the present value of the cash flows for annuity payout is $469,504 when Howie Long can earn an 8% rate of return (compounded annually) on any money invested during this period.
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Suppose the following simultaneous move game is instead played
sequentially with A going first. The equilibrium payoffs of the
sequential game would be:
A. (1,1)
B. (6,4)
C. (4,6)
D. (-4,-4)
The sequential game where A goes first will alter the equilibrium payoffs for the following simultaneous move game. Therefore, the correct option is B. (6,4).
In simultaneous move games, players make their moves at the same time, so they don't know what the other player's strategy will be. As a result, we must look for Nash Equilibria in the simultaneous game. There is a single Nash equilibrium in the simultaneous game, which is the outcome in which both A and B choose Row, giving the (4,6) payoffs. We can also consider the sequential version of this game where A moves first and then B moves second. Suppose A moves first, choosing Row or Column. B is then informed of A's selection and is allowed to choose. We can solve for the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium in this game. In the first step, A selects Row. Since the subgame in which B chooses has no Nash equilibrium, the outcome of this sequential game is the same as the outcome of the simultaneous game. Thus, the sequential game yields the following equilibrium payoffs: (6,4).Option A (1,1) is incorrect because both players earn less than their equilibrium payoffs. Option C (4,6) is the equilibrium outcome for the simultaneous move game. Option D (-4,-4) is not even one of the possible outcomes because players can't make moves that will cause them both to receive negative payoffs.
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you are in a discussion with a friend, lance, about capital budgeting. after hearing you say that financing costs are being ignored, lance questions you. your most appropriate response would be:
Lance, I appreciate your question about financing costs in capital budgeting. It's true that in some discussions, financing costs are not explicitly considered when evaluating investment projects.
However, it's important to note that the inclusion or exclusion of financing costs depends on the specific context and purpose of the analysis.
In many capital budgeting techniques such as net present value (NPV) or internal rate of return (IRR), cash flows are discounted using a discount rate that represents the cost of capital.
This discount rate implicitly accounts for the financing costs, incorporating both the cost of debt and the cost of equity. By doing so, it captures the opportunity cost of using funds for an investment instead of alternative uses.
On the other hand, if the focus is solely on project viability and profitability, and financing costs are expected to be uniform across different projects, it might be reasonable to disregard them for comparative analysis.
This approach allows for a clearer evaluation of the project's fundamental cash flows and profitability.
Ultimately, the consideration of financing costs in capital budgeting depends on the specific objectives and assumptions of the analysis. It's crucial to tailor the methodology to the context at hand to make informed decisions regarding investment opportunities.
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State whether following constitute a contract of bailment under the contract Act 1872?
a) Seizure of goods by custom authorities?
b) Amjad parks his car at parking lot, locks it and keeps keys with himself
A bailment is a legal term that refers to the transfer of possession of personal property, or chattels, from one person to another for some specific purpose.
The Indian Contract Act, 1872 defines a bailment as the delivery of goods by one person to another for some specific purpose, upon a contract that they shall, when the purpose is accomplished, be returned or disposed of according to the directions of the person delivering them (the bailor).
Now, let's analyze whether the following cases are bailments or not:a) Seizure of goods by custom authorities.
It is not considered a contract of bailment under the Contract Act of 1872.
It occurs as a result of a statutory right, and there is no specific purpose involved in it.
When goods are confiscated by a statutory authority, they do not have the consent of the original owner.
Thus, the seizure of goods by custom authorities cannot be considered a bailment.b) Amjad parks his car at the parking lot, locks it, and keeps the keys with himself.
Yes, it can be considered a contract of bailment.
When Amjad parks his car at a parking lot, he temporarily transfers his vehicle's possession to the parking lot's owner.
The car is parked for a specific purpose (to keep it safe and secure), and there is an implied agreement between the owner of the parking lot and Amjad that the car will be kept safely.
Therefore, Amjad's parking of his car at the parking lot is a clear instance of bailment.
Bailment is of two types, namely, Gratuitous Bailment and Bailment for reward.
Gratuitous Bailment is when the bailee gets no remuneration for their services, and Bailment for reward is when the bailee receives a payment for the services they provide.
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Fortune Company's direct materials budget shows the following cost of materials to be purchased for the coming three months: January February March Material purchases $ 12,400 $ 14,510 $ 11,330 Payments for purchases are expected to be made 50% in the month of purchase and 50% in the month following purchase. The December Accounts Payable balance is $6,600. The expected January 31 Accounts Payable balance is:
Multiple Choice $6,600. $7,255. $12,400. $6,200. $9,500.
The Accounts Payable balance is the money which a business owes to its suppliers and other creditors for goods and services purchased on credit.
The balance is required to be paid at a later date, in accordance with the agreed-upon payment terms.
The question asks for the expected January 31 Accounts Payable balance given the following information.
Fortune Company's direct materials budget shows the following cost of materials to be purchased for the coming three months:
January February March Material purchases $ 12,400 $ 14,510 $ 11,330 Payments for purchases are expected to be made 50% in the month of purchase and 50% in the month following purchase.
The December Accounts Payable balance is $6,600.
Since payments for purchases are expected to be made 50% in the month of purchase and 50% in the month following purchase.
The calculation of expected Accounts Payable for January 31 is as follows:
Balance at the start of January = $6,600
Material purchases for January = $12,400
Half of January's material purchases will be paid in February = 50% of $12,400 = $6,200
Expected Accounts Payable balance on January 31 = $6,600 + $6,200 = $12,800
the expected January 31 Accounts Payable balance is $12,800.
Answer: $12,800.
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When Walt Disney failed to sell Mickey Mouse the first time around, he had to evaluate the features of the product to determine what would satisfy his customers' needs and wants. Disney created a voice and a personality for the mouse character that ended up making the Mickey Mouse's character a huge success. Which skill did Walt Disney apply here? Select one: a. Strategy skill b. Marketing skill c. Project-management skill d. Planning skill
Walt Disney applied the marketing skill while evaluating the features of the product and creating a voice and a personality for the mouse character that ended up making the Mickey Mouse's character a huge success. The correct answer is option B. Marketing skill.
Marketing skill is a set of practices that organizations use to market their products or services. The marketing skill involves researching, promoting, advertising, and selling products or services to consumers. Walt Disney applied the marketing skill when he had to evaluate the features of the product to determine what would satisfy his customers' needs and wants, he created a voice and a personality for the mouse character that ended up making the Mickey Mouse's character a huge success.Therefore, the correct answer is option B. Marketing skill.
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A credit-driven bubble arises when _____ in lending causes _____ in asset prices which can cause _____ in lending.
A) a decrease; a decrease; an increase
B) a decrease; an increase; an increase
C) an increase; an increase; a further increase
D) a decrease; a decrease; a further decrease
A credit-driven bubble arises when an increase in lending causes an increase in asset prices, which can lead to a further increase in lending.
C) An increase; an increase; a further increase.
A credit-driven bubble occurs when there is an increase in lending, which leads to an increase in asset prices. This increase in asset prices, in turn, can cause a further increase in lending as lenders and borrowers become more confident and willing to take on additional debt. Therefore, option C) is the correct statement, where an increase in lending causes an increase in asset prices, which can cause a further increase in lending, leading to a credit-driven bubble.
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The Ohm Depot Co. is currently considering the purchase of a new machine that would increase the speed of manufacturing electronic equipment and save money. The net cost of the new machine is $ 66,000. The annual cash flows have the following projections:
Year Amount ($)
0 ( 66,000)
1 21,000
2 29,000
3 36,000
4 16,000
5 8,000
If the cost of capital is 10 percent, find the following:
a. The NPV
b. The IRR_
c. Payback_
The net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback for Ohm Depot Co. if it purchases a new machine that will increase the speed of manufacturing electronic equipment and save money and costs $66,000 are to be calculated. The projected annual cash flows for five years are as follows:
Year ,Amount ($)0(66,000)121,000229,000336,000416,00058,000.
To find out the NPV of the company, the following formula can be used:
NPV = CF1 / (1 + r)1 + CF2 / (1 + r)2 + CF3 / (1 + r)3 + CF4 / (1 + r)4 + CF5 / (1 + r)5 – CoI
n this formula,
CF stands for cash flow for each year (1 to 5),
r stands for the discount rate, and Co is the cost of the investment in the machine which is $66,000.
Using the above formula and by placing the values, the NPV can be calculated as follows:
NPV = 21,000 / (1 + 0.10)1 + 29,000 / (1 + 0.10)2 + 36,000 / (1 + 0.10)3 + 16,000 / (1 + 0.10)4 + 8,000 / (1 + 0.10)5 – 66,000
= $12,551.44
(to the nearest cent)Now, to calculate the internal rate of return (IRR), we must calculate the discount rate (r) that makes the NPV equal to zero. We'll use trial and error to find the discount rate that produces an NPV of zero. We'll begin with a discount rate of 5 percent and gradually increase it until the NPV is close to zero.By using this method, the IRR is calculated to be 17.12 percent (approximately)Now, to calculate the payback, we'll keep adding the cash flows until we have enough money to recover our initial investment. In this case, since we're investing $66,000 and we're receiving the following yearly cash flows:
Year ,Amount ($)0(66,000)121,000229,000336,000416,00058,000
We can see that the year 4 cash flow is $16,000, and the year 5 cash flow is $8,000.
This totals to $24,000. If we add the year 3 cash flow of $36,000, we have a total of $60,000, which exceeds our $66,000 initial investment.
Therefore, the payback period for this investment is 3 years plus the ratio of the remaining $6,000 to the $36,000 cash flow in year 3
(i.e., $6,000 ÷ $36,000 = 0.17 years).
Thus, the payback period is approximately 3.17 years (to the nearest hundredth).Hence,
NPV = $12,551.44,
IRR = 17.12 percent (approximately),
and the payback period is approximately 3.17 years.
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Which of the following is not one of three methods states use to calculate weekly unemployment benefit amounts?
A. A fraction of the highest wages for a calendar quarter earned during the base period.
B. A percentage of annual wages.
C. A percentage of the average weekly wage earned during the base period.
D. A percentage of the average monthly wages earned during the base period.
D. A percentage of the average monthly wages earned during the base period. This method is not commonly used by states to calculate weekly unemployment benefit amounts.
The three methods that states typically use to calculate weekly unemployment benefits are: A. A fraction of the highest wages for a calendar quarter earned during the base period: This method involves taking a percentage of the wages earned in the highest quarter of the base period. B. A percentage of annual wages: This method calculates the weekly benefit amount as a percentage of the individual's annual wages. C. A percentage of the average weekly wage earned during the base period: This method determines the weekly benefit amount based on a percentage of the average weekly wage earned during the base period. These methods may vary slightly from state to state, but they generally fall within these categories. The specific calculations and formulas used may also consider additional factors such as minimum and maximum benefit amounts, caps, and eligibility requirements.
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in order to allow a natural monopoly to continue operations in the long run, the regulated price must be at least as high as the minimum point of the average total cost curve. minimum point of the average variable cost curve. average total cost where the average total cost curve meets the demand curve. minimum point of the marginal cost curve. marginal cost where the marginal cost curve meets the demand curve.
To allow a natural monopoly to continue operations in the long run, the regulated price must be at least as high as the minimum point of the average total cost curve. Hence, Option (a) is correct.
In a natural monopoly, the firm benefits from economies of scale, meaning that as it produces more output, its average costs decrease.
Setting the regulated price at or above the minimum point of the ATC curve ensures that the natural monopoly can cover all of its costs, including both variable and fixed costs while earning a reasonable return on investment.
If the regulated price is set below the minimum point of the ATC curve, the firm would not be able to cover its costs, leading to losses and potentially forcing it out of the market.
Thus, by setting the regulated price at least as high as the minimum point of the ATC curve, the natural monopoly can continue operations in the long run and maintain its efficiency and profitability.
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in order to allow a natural monopoly to continue operations in the long run, the regulated price must be at least as high as
a)the minimum point of the average total cost curve.
b)minimum point of the average variable cost curve.
c)average total cost where the average total cost curve meets the demand curve.
d)minimum point of the marginal cost curve.
e)marginal cost where the marginal cost curve meets the demand curve.
The revenues and expenses of Up-in-the-Air Travel Service for the year ended April 30, 20Y7, follow:
Fees earned $1,430,000
Office expense 305,000
Miscellaneous expense 37,000
Wages expense 897,000
Prepare a statement of owner’s equity for the year ended April 30, 20Y7. Jerome Foley, the owner, invested an additional $60,000 in the business during the year and withdrew cash of $27,000 for personal use. Jerome Foley, capital as of May 1, 20Y6, was $657,000. Be sure to complete the statement heading. Refer to the lists of Labels and Amount Descriptions for the exact wording of the answer choices for text entries. If required, use the minus sign to indicate any decreases in equity.
Statement of Owner's Equity for Up-In-The-Air Travel Service for the year ended April 30, 20Y7:
Owner's Capital, May 1, 20Y6: $657,000.
Additional Investment: $60,000.
Total Owner's Capital: $717,000.
Less: Withdrawal: ($27,000).
Owner's Capital, April 30, 20Y7: $690,000.
Analysis:
During the year ended April 30, 20Y7, Jerome Foley, the owner of Up-In-The-Air Travel Service, invested $60,000 into the business.
He also withdrew cash of $27,000 for personal use.
The Statement of Owner's Equity for the year ended April 30, 20Y7, begins with the capital balance as of May 1, 20Y6, of $657,000. It was followed by an additional investment of $60,000 and the amount withdrawn, which decreased the capital account by $27,000.
As a result, the owner's capital for the year ended April 30, 20Y7, was $690,000. Therefore, the owner's capital had increased by $33,000 ($690,000 - $657,000) over the year, after accounting for the personal withdrawal and additional investment.
The Statement of Owner's Equity for Up-In-The-Air Travel Service for the year ended April 30, 20Y7, is presented above in the specified format.
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Find a story in the news (any news source is fine) about a
contract dispute or lawsuit and report on it by: 1) providing a
description of the story; 2) offering your thoughts on it; and 3)
encouraging
A contract dispute between the New York Times and a news app was recently reported on in the news. The dispute began when the New York Times issued a cease and desist letter to the news app News Guard.
News Guard is an app that provides consumers with information on the credibility of news sources. The New York Times, along with other news sources, was given a low rating on the app.
The New York Times argued that the rating was based on outdated and incorrect information. They demanded that NewsGuard retract the rating and provide a more accurate one. NewsGuard refused, stating that they stand by their rating and that it is based on a thorough evaluation of the New York Times’ content.
The dispute escalated when the New York Times filed a lawsuit against NewsGuard, alleging that they had damaged the reputation of the paper. NewsGuard responded by saying that the lawsuit was an attempt to silence their freedom of speech.
In my opinion, both parties have valid points. The New York Times has the right to demand a fair and accurate evaluation of their content, but NewsGuard also has the right to provide their own evaluation based on their standards and criteria. However, I do think that the lawsuit is an unnecessary escalation of the dispute and that both parties should work towards finding a resolution outside of the courtroom.
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David Wallace, Olena Dunn, and Danny Lin were partners in a commercial architect firm and showed the following account balances of December 31,2020 : Due to several unprofitable periods, the partners decided to liquidate the partnership. The equipment was sold for $73,000 on January 1, 2021. The partners share any profit (loss) in the ratio of 2.11 for Wallace, Dunn, and Lin, respectively. Required: 1. Complete the schedule. (Negative answers should be indicated by a minus sign.) Required: 1. Complete the schedule. (Negative answers should be indicated by a minus sign.) e answers should be indicated by a minus sign.) 2. Prepare the liquidation entries (sale of equipment, allocation of gain/loss, payment of creditors, final distribution of cash). 1 Record the sale of equipment. 2 Record the distribution of gain/loss on sale of equipment to partners. 3 Record the payment to creditors. 4 Record the distribution of remaining cash to partners.
The following actions must be completed in order to finish the schedule and get the partnership's liquidation entries ready:
1. Keep track of equipment sales:Cash ($73,000) is debited.Equipment ($73,000) is credited.
2. Keep track of how much profit or loss partners received from the sale of equipment:We require the equipment's initial cost in order to calculate the gain or loss. Suppose the initial price was $80,000.
Gain/Loss Calculation: Loss on Sale of Equipment (-$7,000) = Sale Price of Equipment ($73,000) - Original Cost of Equipment ($80,000).
The partners' respective profit-sharing ratios will determine how the loss is divided among them:
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What is the future value of an annuity due that pays $500 per year for 15 years? Use an annual interest rate of 7.00%. $12,564 $14,163 $14,342 $13,444 $14,110
An annuity is an investment made over time, where a fixed payment is paid in regularly at a fixed frequency of the compounding period. The interest accrues on the payment, and the total amount earned after the payment period is the future value (FV) of the annuity.
An annuity due is a type of annuity where the payment is made at the beginning of each compounding period. The future value of an annuity due is calculated using the formula given below:
FV = P * [(1 + i)^(n+1) - 1] / i Here, P is the regular payment made at the beginning of each period, i is the interest rate per period, and n is the number of compounding periods. Let us now substitute the given values into the formula:
FV = $500 * [(1 + 0.07)^(15+1) - 1] / 0.07FV = $500 * (1.07^16 - 1) / 0.07FV = $500 * (4.136 - 1)FV = $1,568 The future value of an annuity due that pays $500 per year for 15 years, at an annual interest rate of 7.00% is $1,568.
Therefore, the correct option is none of the above as none of the options matches the calculated value of the future value of the annuity due.
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What are some members of congress hoping to accomplish by proposing a large infrastructure spending bill? Explain in no less than 150 words using the concept of expenditure multiplier. An explained example works as well.
Infrastructure is an essential part of every economy in the world. Investment in infrastructure is vital for the well-being of citizens and businesses, as well as economic growth.
In the United States, infrastructure has become a political issue that Congress members are pushing for a large infrastructure spending bill. This bill will serve to address the aging infrastructure across the United States, and at the same time, spur economic growth through the expenditure multiplier effect.
Members of Congress hope that a large infrastructure spending bill will help to address the country's crumbling infrastructure. The country's aging infrastructure is a challenge, as it requires significant investments to maintain, repair, and upgrade. This is where the government comes in; it must invest in infrastructure to ensure that the country remains competitive and attractive to investors.
In conclusion, members of Congress are hoping to accomplish a lot by proposing a large infrastructure spending bill. Through this bill, the government will address the country's aging infrastructure, create jobs, and spur economic growth through the expenditure multiplier effect.
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What's your analysis of the Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan & Trust
Co., 157 U.S. 429 (1895) case
The Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 157 U.S. 429 (1895) case was a U.S. Supreme Court case that established that direct taxation had to be distributed uniformly across the states, which led to the striking down of the 1894 income tax legislation. The legislation would have levied a 2 percent income tax on people with incomes above $4,000.
The court declared that direct taxes had to be apportioned among states according to their populations, according to the case, meaning that no state could be required to pay more than its fair share of direct taxes. The court believed that income tax was an example of a direct tax that must be distributed uniformly.
The decision sparked political uproar, prompting the 16th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1913. The 16th Amendment was ratified, allowing Congress to impose taxes on income regardless of the source and without apportionment among the states.
The Supreme Court's decision in Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. was a significant event in the history of federal taxation since it led to the 16th Amendment's adoption, which allowed the federal government to enact a graduated income tax that was not subject to the apportionment requirement.
The case is frequently referenced in constitutional law and tax law, and it is widely recognized as a watershed moment in the evolution of federal taxation law.
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Corporate Valuation and valuation of growth stock
A. Scampini Technologies is expected to generate $175 million in free cash flow next year, and FCF is expected to grow at a constant rate of 3% per year indefinitely. Scampini has no debt, preferred stock, or non-operating assets, and its WACC is 11%. If Scampini has 55 million shares of stock outstanding, what is the stock's value per share? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
B. Maxwell Mining Company's ore reserves are being depleted, so its sales are falling. Also, because its pit is getting deeper each year, its costs are rising. As a result, the company's earnings and dividends are declining at the constant rate of 5% per year. If D0 = $5 and rs = 18%, what is the value of Maxwell Mining's stock? Round your answer to the nearest cent.
C. A stock is expected to pay a dividend of $3.00 at the end of the year (i.e., D1 = $3.00), and it should continue to grow at a constant rate of 10% a year. If its required return is 13%, what is the stock's expected price 2 years from today? Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to the nearest cent.
The stock's value per share for Scampini Technologies is $43.39.
This is calculated using the constant growth dividend valuation model with a free cash flow of $175 million, a growth rate of 3%, and a weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of 11%. The value of Maxwell Mining's stock is $20.61. This is calculated using the constant growth dividend valuation model with a declining dividend pattern, a current dividend of $5, a decline rate of 5%, and a required return (rs) of 18%. The stock's expected price 2 years from today is $33.66. This is calculated using the constant growth dividend valuation model with a dividend of $3, a growth rate of 10%, and a required return of 13%. The value per share is calculated by dividing the expected free cash flow by the difference between the WACC and the growth rate: $175 million / (0.11 - 0.03) = $43.39. The value per share is calculated by dividing the dividend by the difference between the required return and the decline rate: $5 / (0.18 - 0.05) = $20.61.
The expected price is calculated by dividing the dividend by the difference between the required return and the growth rate, and then adding the result to the dividend: $3 / (0.13 - 0.10) = $33.66.
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Final: Core Concepts First come First Serve Directions:Retention of Knowledge is always a problem in education and one I try to improve upon. Have you ever said, I can't remember what I learned in .... class? Retention of Knowledge. To help retain this knowledge, here is your Final Discussion.. Directions1. Pick a Concept or Term you learned over the semester. First come first serve, no repeating of terms. 2. Define that term and/or concept. 3. Explain it in your own words. 4. Give an example and explain the importance of this concept or Economics term. 5. Respond to another student's post - add value, insights, etc.
supply and demand serve as the foundation of market economies, guiding the allocation of resources and influencing economic outcomes.
Concept: Supply and Demand
Definition: Supply and demand is an economic principle that describes the relationship between the availability of a product or service (supply) and the desire or need for it (demand). It determines the price and quantity of goods or services in a market.
Explanation: Supply represents the quantity of a product or service that producers are willing and able to provide to the market at various price levels. Demand, on the other hand, represents the quantity of a product or service that consumers are willing and able to purchase at different price points. The interaction between supply and demand determines the equilibrium price and quantity in the market.
Example and Importance: Let's consider the market for smartphones. If the supply of smartphones increases, while demand remains constant, the price of smartphones will likely decrease because there is more availability. Conversely, if the demand for smartphones rises, while supply remains the same, the price of smartphones will likely increase due to increased competition among buyers. This principle is crucial in determining market efficiency and ensuring resources are allocated optimally.
Understanding supply and demand helps businesses make pricing decisions, forecast future demand, and adjust production levels accordingly. It also assists policymakers in formulating effective economic policies and helps consumers make informed purchasing decisions based on market conditions.
Overall, supply and demand serve as the foundation of market economies, guiding the allocation of resources and influencing economic outcomes.
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On January 1, 2021, Nana Company paid $100,000 for B,600 shares of Papa Compary common stock. The ownership in Papa Company is 10%. Nana Compary does not have significant influence over Papa Company. Papa reported net income of $52,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021. The fair value of the Papa stock on that date was $57 per share. What amount will be reported in the balance sheet of Nana Company for the investment in Papa at December 31, 2021? Mutipie Cholce 5445,200 $490,200 k $430,200 $415,200
Nana Company paid $100,000 for 1,600 shares of Papa Company common stock on January 1, 2021. The ownership in Papa Company is 10%. Nana Company does not have significant influence over Papa Company. Papa reported net income of $52,000 for the year ended December 31, 2021.
The fair value of the Papa stock on that date was $57 per share. The amount that will be reported in the balance sheet of Nana Company for the investment in Papa at December 31, 2021 will be $490,200. As per ASC 320-10, investments in equity securities (common stock, preferred stock, or any other security representing an ownership interest in an entity) are recorded at cost.
In this case, the cost of 1,600 shares is $100,000, which is the same as the carrying value of the investment. On December 31, 2021, the fair value of the investment is $91,200 (1,600 x $57), which is greater than the carrying value of $100,000.
Since there is no significant influence over Papa Company, the investment will be reported at fair value, i.e. $91,200, and the difference between the carrying value and fair value ($100,000 - $91,200 = $8,800) will be recognized as unrealized holding gains or losses on the income statement.
Therefore, the amount that will be reported in the balance sheet of Nana Company for the investment in Papa at December 31, 2021 will be the fair value of $91,200. The answer is $490,200.
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5 Which fields should be included in the ITEM table? Choose all that apply. Invoice Invoice Date Order Date CustlD Item Description Price Qty Co. Phone Contact
The ITEM table holds the data regarding the products. This table consists of several fields, and some of them are mandatory, while others are optional.
It helps in maintaining the contact information of the company.
Contact: This field holds the name of the contact person. It helps in maintaining the contact information of the company .
To summarize, the mandatory fields that must be included in the ITEM table are Item Description, Price, Qty, and Cust lD.
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