b) What is Curie temperature ?

Answers

Answer 1
Curie temperature is a temperature at which certain magnetic materials undergo a sharp change in their magnetic properties. In the case of rocks and minerals, remanent magnetism appears below the Curie point—about 570 °C (1,060 °F) for the common magnetic mineral magnetite.

( the temperature is about 570 C if you couldn’t understand what the paragraph meant and if you were looking for the number )

Related Questions

Read the paragraph, Artemis and Poseidon are two figures from ancient Greek mythology. They are both characterized as gods who live on Mount Olympus. Artemis is the female goddess of the moon and the hunt. She is a daughter of Zeus. On the other hand, Poseidon is one of Zeus's brothers. He is the male god of the oceans. Each of these figures is considered a major god in Greek mythology What clues show that the paragraph is organized using a compare and contrast structure? O words and phrases that signal similarities and differences between two things words and phrases that describe events and explain why they happen words and phrases that show an order of events or list steps in a procedure words and phrases that describe a problem and how the problem is solved Mark this and return Save and Exit Next Submit​

Answers

Answer:

The paragraph first says what is being compared and contrasted, then it says what they have in common by using the word "both." The phrase "on the other hand" shows that they're being contrasted.

Explanation:

Answer:

im not sure but i think its a or b

Explanation:

Which of the sentences below offers the smoothest revision of the following "choppy" passage?
The house was dark. I waited for my skin to stop crawling. I went inside. It was smelly. It was creepy.

A. The house was dark and creepy, and I went inside, waiting for my skin to stop crawling from the smelliness.

B. I went inside the house, which was dark and smelly and creepy and it made my skin crawl.

C. While I waited for my skin to stop crawling, I went inside the house, which was dark, smelly, and creepy.

D. The house was dark, smelly, and creepy, but after my skin stopped crawling, I went inside.

Answers

Answer: A

Explanation:

Answer:

D

Explanation:

It is the most concise.

Many historians believe that Hillary Clinton cracked the glass ceiling that Kamala
Harris finally broke. What does this mean? *

Answers

Explanation:

that people dont know what they are talking about

That they’re dumb cause she didn’t

Inside the chest
inverted sentence?

Answers

Chest at the inside.
The Inverted sentence is usually subject language comes first and followed by the noun. In the given sentence, CHEST is the subject, and INSIDE is a noun. She goes to work every day.

Answer:

Chest at the inside.

The Inverted sentence is usually subject language comes first and followed by the noun. In the given sentence, CHEST is the subject, and INSIDE is a noun. She goes to work every day.

Explanation:

CRITICAL VOCABULARY
redistribute
robustly
predominantly
relevant
expansive
collaborate

1. The topic is too ____________
to research, so I'm narrowing it down.

2. If we _____________on the project we can all share the work.

3. Let's____________the chores to divide the tasks more fairly.

4. At home, they__________speak their native language, Spanish

5. Evidence that is___________clearly connects to a claim.
6. The vegetables grew__________ so we had a big harvest

Answers

Answer:

1. Expansive

2. Collaborate

3. Redistribute

4. Predominantly

5. Relevant

6. Robustly

Explanation: Meanings...

1. Expansive - covers a large area, there are many answers.

2. Collaborate - work together

3. Redistribute - to share something differently or again

4. Predominantly - mainly/mostly

5. Relevant - closely connected or appropriate to what is being done

6. Robustly - full of health or strength

In Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl, how does Anne make a connection between the residents of the Secret Annexe and the city beyond?

She concludes that both groups are united in their conviction that the Allies will successfully liberate Holland.

She analyzes how both groups resort to crimes like thievery.

She explains how both groups depend on each other for survival during the occupation.

She compares how each group responds to deprivations like food shortages.

Answers

Answer:she compares how each group responds to deprivations like food shortages

Explanation:

took the test and it was the answer

Answer:

i Can't do this on television ff ad kinda busy

How to Build a Card House
Building card houses is a fun way to spend a rainy
afternoon. All you need is a deck of cards and a large floor
area. Begin by forming an upside-down V with two cards.
Place several of these in a row close together. Place a
third and fourth card horizontally on either side of each
upside-down V. This will help stabilize the base. Then,
you can layer cards across the tops of the V's. This will
become the floor of your second level. Continue building
V's, walls, and roofs until you run out of cards. See how
high you can make your card house before it falls down.
Read the passage carefully. How can the speaker
strengthen this statement: "Place several of these in a
row close together"? Select two choices.
identify how much space to leave between each V
identify the types of cards to use
clarify what is meant by "several"
state the goal of the procedure again
restate how to set the cards

Answers

Answer:

B and E if im wrong please let me know and if i am im sorry

Explanation:

Answer:

its A and C

Explanation:

Which sentence contains an inappropriate shift in verb tense?

Medicine made remarkable advances in the 20th century, as technology entered the operating theater, and new antibiotics became available.

Medicine continued to make remarkable advances in the 20th century, as technology entered the operating theater and new antibiotics became available.

Medicine makes remarkable advances in the 20th century, as technology entered the operating theater and new antibiotics become available.

Medicine continues to make remarkable advances as technology enters the operating theater and new antibiotics become available.

Answers

Answer:

Medicine makes remarkable advances in the 20th century, as technology entered the operating theater and new antibiotics become available.

Explanation:

I took the test and its right

choose the correct punctuation quote
I said shush
he said make me
I said bet
he said where them hands at.
I'll give you 2 crowns and 20 points help ​

Answers

"shush!" I said

"make me," he replied in a mocking tone.

"haha bet!" I joked

"where them hands at??" he said

unless it's the rules, don't use "I said" or "he said" every time, it makes it sound monotonous.

Answer:

the top one

Explanation:

gngshmgsgjzkgzgzmgskgslgsgmzgkzkghxlhdljdlhxhdmgslgalyalyalyslgskgMfamakt


What real-life knowledge will best help readers
understand the significance of these lines?
A) The United Nations was founded after World War II.
B) The United Nations works to bring countries together.
C) The United Nations building is near the Empire State
Building
D)The United Nations provides medicine for poor countries.

Answers

Answer:

The United Nations works to bring countries together.

Explanation:

i got it right 100%

10 points

In_____voice, the subject actively performs the action on an object.
A. controlled
B. direct
C. passive
D. active

Answers

Passive voice would be it I think

Correct the 3 grammatical errors (a/an/the) in the text below. Once a year, the college goes on a expedition trip to do charity work abroad. Last year’s trip was to help set up the community garden in South America. This year’s trip will be to Kenya. The trips are expensive, but students can save an lot of money by working together and doing fundraising events.

Answers

Answer: Once a year, the college goes on (AN) expedition trip to do charity work abroad. Last year’s trip was to help set up (A) community garden in South America. This year’s trip will be to Kenya. The trips are expensive, but students can save (A) lot of money by working together and doing fundraising events.

Explanation:

“An” is used when the following word begins with a vowel, “a” is used when the following word begins with a consonant. The second sentence would use “a” instead of “the”. I don’t know how to explain how I know, but my answer is correct.

After reading the text, we can correct the three grammatical mistakes concerning the use of articles in the following manner:

... goes on an expedition...... set up a community garden...... students can save a lot of money...

When to use "a"?We use "a" to refer to something that is not specific. It should precede noun that starts with a consonant sound. In number 2 above, we should use "a" because we are not talking about one specific community garden. There is not just one community garden in South America, but many. "A" is more appropriate since it refers to any of them.In number 3, we should use "a" because "lot" begins with a consonant sound.

When to use "an"?We also use "an" refer to something that is not specific. The difference now is that it should precede a noun that starts with a vowel sound.In number 1 above, we should use "an" because "expedition" begins with a vowel sound. Notice that an expedition happens every year, and the sentence is talking about that fact in general.

When to use "the"?"The" is used to refer to something specific. The speaker is talking about a certain person, object, feeling, etc. Let's compare the sentences below:Give me a pen.Give me the pen.In number 1, the speaker is asking for any pen. He does not want a specific one. On the other hand, in number 2, the speaker wants a certain pen, and he is sure that the person he is talking to knows what pen it is.

Learn more about articles here:

https://brainly.com/question/17220524

Dear Sam, A couple of weeks ago, I was tired all of the time. I would find myself dragging my feet during baseball practice. I was so tired that my mom said, "You look like one of those zombies from a horror movie. Your face is pale, your eyelids are drooping, and your words sound like mumbles." After she said that, I started going to sleep earlier every night. It wasn't easy to give up that time in my day, but I can tell it was worth it because my brain no longer feels like pancake batter! I can think clearly, and my coach told me I was fielding the ball better than ever. I suggest you get more sleep, Sam.

Nick

In what ways does the dialogue in the letter paint a picture for readers? Check all that apply.

It helps readers see Nick’s mom as a caring person.
It shows what Nick thinks and feels.
It explains what Nick’s mother felt and thought.
It helps readers see Nick’s mom as a real person.

Answers

Answer:

A, B, D

Explanation:

-It helps readers see Nick’s mom as a caring person.

-It shows what Nick thinks and feels

-It helps readers see Nick’s mom as a real person.

Edge 2020~

Answer:

A, C, D

Explanation:

-It helps readers see Nick’s mom as a caring person.

-It explains what Nick’s mother felt and thought.

-It helps readers see Nick’s mom as a real person.

Edge 2020~

Please rearrange the latter to form words.Philippine Controversies and other issues

1.VTPOREY
2.ARMLAIT AWL
3.AKEP WSEN
4.ICEDROV
5.ALCIMAYT
6.GTRAFCKIFNI

Answers

Answer:

1. poverty

2.Martial Law

3.fake news

4.Divorce

5.Calamity

6.Trafficking

Explanation:

Why doesn't Katniss try to take the bow from the Cornucopia?

Answers

Answer:

Catos holding onto Peeta in a head lock. If she shoots him in the face, Peeta will fall down to the wolves with Cato.

Explanation:

In the students are to be corrected immediately. Select one: a. The communicative Method b. Audio Lingual Question 2. In Grammar - Translation Method the teacher must be a native speaker of the target language taught at the classroom. Select one: True False​

Answers

Answer:

B. Audio-lingual method

False

Explanation:

The audio-lingual method is a method of teaching foreign languages based on the behaviorist theory, according to which new behaviors can be taught through positive reinforcement. As errors form bad habits, they are immediately corrected by the teacher, while correct responses are immediately positively reinforced.

The grammar-translation method is a method of teaching foreign languages based on the classical method of teaching Greek and Latin, where students learn grammatical rules and then apply them by translating sentences between the language they are learning and their native language. Classes taught by this method are taught in their native language, which means that the teacher doesn't have to be a native speaker of the target language. They should be a native speaker of the students' native language and possess the knowledge of the target language.

Which type of pronoun is hers in the sentence "The poster about the planets is hers."?

A.)objective

B.)possessive

C.)interrogative

D.)subjective

Answers

Answer:

Possessive

Explanation:

Possessive pronouns  examples...----mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs

Answer:

Possessive

Explanation:

The word her is possesive if you look at the sentence, the poster about the planets is hers. the her plays a possesive function so possesive is the correct answer.

Identify the subject, verb, predicate noun, and predicate adjective in the sentence below. Choose "none" for any of these elements not present in the sentence.

Being lost is a sickening feeling.

Answers

Answer:

Feeling is the subject for this sentence

List at least three of the clues the women notice, and explain why the men do not. Cite evidence in your answer a jury of her peers

Answers

Answer: She thought of the flour in her kitchen at home--half sifted, half not sifted. She had been interrupted, and had left things half done. What had interrupted Minnie Foster? Why had that work been left half done?

Her eye was caught by a dish-towel in the middle of the kitchen table. Slowly she moved toward the table. One half of it was wiped clean, the other half messy. Her eyes made a slow, almost unwilling turn to the bucket of sugar and the half empty bag beside it. Things begun--and not finished.

Minnie wasn't worried about the things that she should have been worried about.

"Well, I don't think she did," affirmed Mrs. Hale stoutly.

Identify the subject, verb, predicate noun, and predicate adjective in the sentence below. Choose "none" for any of these elements not present in the sentence.

She looked quite relieved after taking the exam.

Answers

Answer:

She is the subject, looked is predicate noyn

3 The writer wants to show a contrast between Idea 1 and Idea 2. Which answer
choice shows the best revision? Circle the correct answer.
A Pizza wasn't sold in shops in Italy until the 1800s, and the pizza sellers
had outdoor stands.
B Pizza wasn't sold in shops in Italy until the 1800s. However, pizza sellers
had outdoor stands.
C Pizza wasn't sold in shops in Italy until the 1800s. For example, the pizza
sellers had outdoor stands.
Pizza wasn't sold in shops in Italy until the 1800s, when the pizza sellers
had outdoor stands.
+

Answers

Answer:

B. Pizza wasn't sold in shops in Italy until the 1800s. However, pizza sellers had outdoor stands.

Explanation:

However is an adverb that is used to contrast with something that was said previously.

The revision shows that pizza sellers had outdoor stands before they started selling pizza in shops in the 1800s.

Hope that helps.

pale is to pail as so is to?​

Answers

Answer:

Pale is to pail, as so is to SEW.

Select the correct text in the passage.
Which sentence in the text foreshadows an internal conflict in the excerpt?

Answers

Answer:

The problem is that I grew, but my dream did not.

Explanation:

Foreshadowing is a literary device in which the narrator gives the readers hints about what is going to happen later on in the story.

Internal conflict is an internal struggled going on within a character.

The sentence that foreshadows an internal conflict in the given sentence is: The problem is that I grew, but my dream did not. The narrator is going through a struggle - he grew, he changed, but his dream stayed the same. This struggle is explored in the rest of the passage.

What does Jim Gallien think of Alex’s plan? How does he try to help Alex?

Answers

Answer:

Give me 5 minutes and I will answer your question.

Explanation:

Put parentheses around the adverb clause by placing the parentheses in their correct locations.
After I study, I'll pay you.

Answers

Answer:

(After I study), I'll pay you.

Hope this helps

Happy Thanksgiving!

When you include dialogue in a story, what should you make sure the dialogue does?
You should make sure it mentions the setting.
You should make sure it moves the story forward.
You should make sure the characters state the theme.
You should make sure the characters sound smart.

Answers

Answer:

You should make sure it moves the story forward.

Explanation:

Hello! For people looking at this later on wondering if the answer above me is right or not it is! I just did the test and it was the correct answer!

Have a great day/night! :)

12)
You have been assigned to write a narrative essay about a time you made an exciting journey.
Which best describes the general outline that the essay should take?
A
describing the journey and telling why it is fun
B)
analyzing the role played by journeys in our lives
09
telling a story about going from one place to another
D)
arguing for why a person should take a particular journey
13)

Answers

Answer:

A. Describing the journey and telling why it is fun

Explanation:

When writing a narrative about your own experiences, you should make your writing fun! Describe your journey in a professional way, but keep it interesting and bubbly! You want people to be wowed, and excited about your writing, so make your writing fit your personality.

Answer: A



Explanation:
Hope this helps !

Write a short ENTERTAINING story that includes reeses butter cups in the paragraph

Answers

Reese's butter cups are very exquisite. They have that peanut butter taste and a chocolate finish. Reese's butter cups are frequently used for events, such as Halloween, and Easter. You can see these cups at gas stations, stores, I'm pretty sure you'll see them in a bank. In conclusion, this is my Reese's butter cup paragraph.

Which is the closest synonym for the word right?
A
courage
B
freedom
C
skill
wisdom

Answers

Answer:

B. Freedom

Explanation:

None of the others make sense lol

Answer:

wisdom

Explanation:

What does the underlined phrase in this sentence mean beating around the bush
A dancing around beating bushes
B abusing plant life in cruel, aimless way
C moving too quickly to the solution of a problem
D taking too long to get to the point​

Answers

Answer:

D taking too long to get to the point.

The answer is D taking too long to get to the point
Other Questions
Express Jenny's age in terms of a if jenny is three years less than half of Anne's ageExpress Fraz's age in terms of a if Fraz is twice the sum of Anne's age and 7 What would the graph of x > 5 look like? To celebrate getting a new car, Johnny went out to eat with 3 friends. Their meal, including tax, was $75. If they left a 15% tip, what is the cost of their total bill with the tip included? the product of two rational numbers is -14/45. If one of the no. is -7/9 find the other no. pls pls i want this ans. fast what type of medicine is used for cancer? SOMEONE PLEASE HELP!Type the correct form of the stem-changing verb:Yo / Cerrar ______Complete the sentence by typing the correct form of the stem-changing verb:Los estudiantes ____ (almorzar) en la cafeteria.Complete the sentence below with the correct form of the stem-changing verb:Samuel y yo ____ordenamos (pedir) una pizza.Complete the following sentence with the correct form of llevar:Los estudiantes ____ los pantalones cortos y una camiseta en la clase de educacin fsica. By visual inspection, determine the best-fitting regression model for the data plot below. Mr. Ridley On the Friday before winter break, Mrs. Lyon was out sick with a cold. So, Mr. Ridley substituted for the day. Most of the students in Mrs. Lyon's class were normally well-behaved. However, with the anticipation of the winter break, they became a little wild. While Mr. Ridley was writing on the dry erase board, Margo threw a paper airplane at his back. The class giggled as Mr. Ridley spun around to see who had thrown the paper airplane. "Class! Throwing paper airplanes at a teacher is unacceptable and disrespectful. Who did that?" Mr. Ridley asked. The students kept their mouths closed and sat up straight in their chairs. No one volunteered any information. "Fine then, you will all stay in from recess until someone tells me who threw the airplane," Mr. Ridley said. Mercy wiggled in her seat. She wanted to tell the teacher who threw the airplane, but she was afraid that the other students would call her a tattle tale. Alan, the class clown, was thrilled that someone besides him had done something foolish. He would never tell. He would expect the same loyalty from his classmates. Margo felt nervous. She wanted to confess and apologize to Mr. Ridley, but she was afraid that she would receive a harsh punishment. She wondered how long her classmates would protect her. Jervis sat and drummed his fingers. He didn't see who threw the paper airplane, but he guessed that it had been Alan. He was tempted to raise his hand and tell the teacher that Alan was the responsible party, but he wasn't completely confident. He really wished that someone would tell who did it. It wasn't fair that the whole class was being punished for one person's mistake. Rosania was happy that the class wasn't going to recess. She had terrible allergies and wanted to stay inside. She hoped that no one would say a word until recess time was over. Mr. Ridley walked around the classroom looking at each student's face as he went by. He thought he detected sweat and shaking when he walked by Fred. He wondered if Fred was the culprit. However, Fred just needed to use the restroom but was afraid to ask. "Fred, you seem a bit anxious. What is it you want to tell me?" Mr. Ridley asked. "Nothing, sir. I-I need to use the restroom," Fred stammered. "No one is leaving this room until I find out who threw that airplane at me," Mr. Ridley said. Margo could not allow her classmates to suffer any longer. "It was me! I threw it! I'm sorry, Mr. Ridley," Margo said as she burst into tears. Mr. Ridley hated to see children cry. He rushed over to Margo and gently patted her back. "I forgive you. Don't cry," Mr. Ridley said. "I was just being silly. I didn't mean to disrespect you," Margo sniffled. "We will forget all about it. Let's enjoy the rest of our day together. Because you were honest, we will all play games for the rest of the day," Mr. Ridley announced.6In the passage, the author contrasts the points of view of the different characters by A. demonstrating the consequences of each character's actions. B. providing background information about each character. C. explaining how each character feels about the airplane incident. D. describing the relationships between all of the characters.How did mad-eye explain the disturbance in his yard Please Help!!!Which of the following is not a good indication that a chemical change has occurred?A. The formation of gases B. A change in color C. A scratched surface D. The release heat or light Which best paraphrases this paragraph?Read the paragraph from Home Place RetoldThey became merchants, carpenters, teachers, clergy.and most often) farmers. Their landscape wasWatonan County in western Minnesota Youngfamilies worked hard to build a fe They came from afarming tradition that included methods unknown tomany Americans. As usual, new ideas were viewedwith some doubt The use of crop rotation, for examplewas common for the newcomers. They also usedpotassium for fertilizer. Their practices produced bettercrops than other farms. A good idea is hard to ignore,and they soon gained status as first-rate farmers.Immigrant families worked extremely hard whenthey came to America and quickly gained statusO Using potassium as fertilizer, a technique ofimmigrant farmers, helped many peopleO New farming techniques had a major impact onfarming in the Midwest, producing first-rate crops.Immigrant families brought new farming techniquesto Amenca, which proved very effective Help in this one pls Every element in group one has ______________ electron in its outer shell. Every element in group two has _______________ electrons in its outer shell.need help Use the distributive property to remove the parentheses (x+12)8 The_________ of water molecules and the hydrogen bonds between water molecules explain most of water's life-supporting properties. The______ of water molecules to each other helps transport water from the roots to the leaves in plants. When water warms or cools, either break or form. Thus, water absorbs or releases a great deal of_______ , helping to moderate temperatures. Because_______ is less dense than liquid water, it floats and protects lakes and oceans from freezing solid. Water is a versatile . Blood and other biological fluids are aqueous solutions with a diversity of dissolved . select the adjective from the following slidbunniesthose (I'LL BE GIVING BRAINLIEST ON THIS ONE!!)What is a basic way to say "Over time a series of technological changes allowed transportation to advance to the point where machines have effectively conquered distance" i speak which tense is this UK UKIDifferentDIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN FORMULA & A FUNCTION GNING EXAMPLE Roger Bannister: The Barrier BreakerIntroduction How do you overcome obstacles that seem impossible? Sir Roger Bannister, the first man to break the four-minute-mile record, knew what it was like to break barriers.Learning a Passion Roger Bannister was born in Harrow, England, in 1929. Since his parents couldn't afford to send him to college, he worked to win scholarships to study medicine at Oxford. Bannister had two loves: studying medicine and running track. He worked hard to do well at both. Because of his studies, Bannister had less time for track practice than other athletes. Most athletes trained at least six days a week. Bannister trained only two to three times a week. In the 1952 Olympic Games, Bannister ran the 1500m race but finished fourth. Many said this was due to his lack of training. Bannister decided it was time to get serious. He focused on doing what everyone in the world thought was impossible. He wanted to break the four-minute-mile barrier.Setting a Goal No one in history had ever run a mile in less than four minutes, although several had tried. For decades, physicians believed that running a mile too fast would cause heart failure. Bannister knew he could set a new world record by working hard. Bannister believed that pushing himself beyond the pain would make him a winner. That is just what Bannister did on May 6, 1954, at Iffley Road Track in Oxford. On a cold, wet track, Roger Bannister broke the four-minute-mile barrier with a time of 3:59.4. Two other runners helped him set a fast pace. Then Bannister relied on his training to run the first three laps of the track in 3:01. During the final lap of the race against the clock, Bannister knew he could finish the race in less than 59 seconds. He broke away from the other runners and flew down the last two curves of the track at record speed. As he crossed the finish line, he collapsed into the arms of his friend Reverend Nicholas Stacey. Bannister was out of breath and out of energy, but he knew he had broken the world record. Bannister accomplished a great moment in history that day. After breaking the four-minute-mile barrier, Bannister competed in a few more races. He ran his personal record of 3:43.8 in the 1500m in the European Championship. That was Bannister's last race. In August of 1954, he retired at the age of 25 to focus on what he considered his true contribution to societyhis research in the field of neurology, the study of the nerves and the nervous system.Making a Difference In 1975, two decades after his feat, Roger Bannister was knighted by the Sports Council of England. He had done what no man thought was possible. However, Bannister knew his athletic glory was fleeting. He felt that his work as a neurologist was the real accomplishment of his life. For over 40 years, he worked in neurology, helping patients who suffered serious neurological disorders. To honor his work and dedication as a neurologist, St. Mary's Hospital in London named a lecture hall after Dr. Bannister. In the lecture hall, the famous stopwatch used to time Bannister's mile is on display. In July of 2012, Bannister was honored to be elected as one of the Olympic torchbearers. He carried the flame into the Oxford track stadium that was named for him. Of his neurology career and his track achievements, as the greatest runner ever, Bannister claims that working hard is the secret to his success.11Why does the author use chronological order to organize the passage? A. to place the events in Bannister's life in the order in which they happened B. to present Bannister's challenge of breaking a record and his solution for it C. to compare Bannister's achievements in running with his achievements in medicine D. to show how the events in Bannister's life affected his career in neurology A scientist is using a species of green algae to study the electron transport chain in photosynthesis. He uses a laser to inactivate all of chlorophyll A in the algae but leaves chlorophyll B intact (case 1). In a separate experiment, the scientist applies a chemical to the algae that inhibit PS I but do not affect PS II (case 2). Which of the following results is expected?A)in case 1, only PS I completely loses function; in case 2, no proton gradient is produced.B)In case 1, only PS I completely loses function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.C)In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, no proton gradient is produced.D)In case 1, both PS I and PS II completely lose function; in case 2, a proton gradient is still produced.