at a given temperature and pressure, it takes 4.00 min for a 7.50-l sample of oxygen (o2) to effuse through a membrane. how long will it take for a 7.50-l sample of methane (ch4) to effuse under the same conditions?

The molarity of the NaOH is 0.25M.

What is molarity?

The molar concentration or the molarity of the solution is inversely proportional to the dilution. An increased dilution will decrease the molarity of the solution.

What is concentration?

How much solute has been dissolved in the solvent is indicated by the concentration of the solution.

Therefore,  molarity of the NaOH is 0.25M.

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Entropy generation cannot be negative, but entropy change can be for a system or its surroundings.

The total entropy is negative if the amount of heat released exceeds the amount of heat absorbed. As a result, total entropy can be negative, and a reaction loses its spontaneity in this case.

When the entropy changes negatively, it means that an isolated system's disorder has diminished. Because liquid particles are more disordered than solid particles, the reaction that turns liquid water into ice, for instance, represents an isolated decrease in entropy.

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The ag | agcl and calomel reference electrodes are saturated with kcl. The answers should be as follows : (a) 0.326 v, (b) 0.086 v, (c) 0.019 v, (d) -0.021 v, (e) 0.021 v.

Chemical reaction known as oxidation. As a result of atoms as well as groups of atoms losing electrons, it is described as a process. The addition or loss of oxygen as well as hydrogen in such a chemical species would be another method to describe oxidation.

(a) 0.523 v versus S.H.E. = ? versus Ag | AgCl

E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)

                     = 0.523 - 0.197

                     = 0.326 v

(b) - 0.111 v versus Ag | AgCl = ? versus S.H.E.

E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)

0.197 = E(ind) - (-0.111)

E(ind) = 0.197 - 0.111

E(ind) = 0.086 v

(c) -0.222 v versus S.C.E. = ? versus S.H.E.

E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)

0.241 = E(ind) - (-0.222)

E(ind) = 0.241 - 0.222

E(ind) = 0.0019 v

d) 0.023 v versus Ag | AgCl = ? versus S.C.E.

E(red) = 0.241 - 0.197 = 0.044

E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)

                     = 0.023 - 0.044

                     = -0.021 v

(e) - 0.023 v versus S.C.E. = ? versus Ag | AgCl

E(measured) = E(ind) - E(red)

0.044 = E(ind) - (-0.023)

E(ind) = 0.044 - 0.023

E(ind) = 0.021 v

Hence, The responses are (a) 0.326 v, (b) 0.086 v, (c) 0.019 v, (d) -0.021 v, and (e) 0.021 v.

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The final volume of the solution is 0.21 L.

Given mass divided by molecular mass is used to represent moles.

Hence ,

n = w / m

moles = n

given mass = w

the molecular mass, or m.

Considering the query,

w = 15.89 g

AgNO3's mass value is 169.87 g/mol.

Consequently, the moles can be determined as -

n = w / m

n = 15.89 g / 169.87 g/mol

n = 0.094 mol

Molarity :

The number of moles in a liter of solution is the molarity of a substance.

M = n / V

M = molarity

V i= the solution's volume in liters.

Considering the query,

M = 0.250 M

n = 0.066 mol ( estimated above )

Using the above equation, one may determine the final volume of the solution.

M = n / V

0.250 M = 0.094 mol / V

V = 0.21 L

So, a student wants to make a 0.250 m aqueous solution of silver nitrate, agno3, and has a bottle containing 15.89 g of silver nitrate. The final volume of the solution should be 0.21 L.

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During the transamination process, the enzyme transaminases use Pyridoxal pyrophosphate as a cofactor.

All transamination reactions, as well as several amino acid oxylation and deamination processes, involve the coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate. The aminotransferase enzyme's epsilon-amino group of a particular lysine group forms a Schiff-base bond with the aldehyde group of pyridoxal phosphate.

The epsilon-amino group of the lysine residue in the active site is replaced by the alpha-amino group of the amino acid substrate. The ensuing intermediate, a quinoid, undergoes deprotonation to become an aldimine, which is then protonated to become a ketimine by accepting a proton in a different position. Ketamine undergoes hydrolysis, leaving the amino group on the protein complex intact.

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The chemist prepares a solution of calcium sulfate by measuring out 0.53 umol of calcium sulfate into a 350 ml volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water. The concentration of a solution is 1.5 uM.

The concentration or molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles present in the specific volume of a solution. It is calculated as

Concentration=moles/volume(in L)

The volume of a solution is in mL. Convert the given volume in L

350 ml×(1 L/1000 mL)=0.35 L

Plug the value of moles and volume in the formula

Concentration=0.53 umol/0.35 L

Concentration=1.51429 umol/L

Concentration=1.5 uM (∵M=mol/L)

Therefore, the concentration of a solution is 1.5 uM.

I have answered the question in general as given question is incomplete. The complete question is

a chemist prepares a solution of calcium sulfate by measuring out 0.53 umol of calcium sulfate into a 350 ml volumetric flask and filling the flask to the mark with water. calculate the concentration in uM of the chemist's calcium sulfate solution. round your answer to two significant digits.

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The correct statement here is There is greater orbital overlap between H and X than between H and Y  

The atoms combine by colliding with each other. But what does this mean on the atomic level. This situation refers to the process in which the two atoms comes so close to each other that they penetrate each other’s orbital and form a new hybridized orbital where the bonding pair of electrons reside.  This hybridized orbital has lower energy than the atomic orbital and hence are stable. It is in the minimum energy state. This partial penetration of the orbital is known as orbital overlap.    

The extent of overlap generally depends on the two participating atoms, their size and the valence electrons. In general, the greater the overlap, the stronger the bond formed between the two atoms. Thus, according to the orbital overlap concept, atoms combine by overlapping their orbital and thus forming a lower energy state where their valence electrons with opposite spin, pair up to form covalent bonds.    

In the above given case there is greater orbital overlap between H and X than between H and Y. This is because, more the bond length, more the distance between two nuclei and hence lesser the overlap.      

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Fractional bond orders are frequently produced by partial bonding, such as when it's a component of a resonance hybrid.

Resonance hybrid: what is it?

Resonance structures are collections of two or more Lewis structures, including fractional bonds and fractional charges, that collectively represent the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species.

Resonance structures can represent delocalized electrons that are not described by a single Lewis formula with an integral number of covalent bonds.

Do resonance hybrids include any partial charges?

A resonance structure must never have any net formal charge. On the other hand, the weighted average of the formal plus partial charges on an atom in each resonance contributor is the net partial charge on that atom.

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Simple cubic structure there is only one lattice point at each corner of the cube-shaped unit cell. Here, particles are present at the corners of the cube and not on the body center or face center.

Alpha polonium is a high radioactive heavy metal.

How to calculate density in simple cubic cell?

We will use the equation,

ρ=Z×Ma/a³×Na

where,

Z = number of atoms in a unit cell (Z = 1 for a simple cubic unit cell)

a = edge length= 336 pm

Na=6.022×1023particles/mol

Ma = 209

ρ=Z×Ma/a³×Na

= 1× 209 / (336) ³× 6.023

= 3.31 ^-5

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A graphic showing curved arrows pointing to the catalyst surface of the provided SN2 reaction to represent the passage of electrons cannot be produced since the statement is not complete.

When drawing in the leaving group and the major organic product, as well as showing the lone pairs with formal charges on the leaving group, the product species should be used to demonstrate the balanced equation, nonbonding electrons, and formal charges.

Lone pairs are those valence electrons in a covalent connection that are not shared with another atom.

One bond is ruptured and another is completed in one step in a chemical reaction known as an SN2 reaction.

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Answer:

Many transition metals will have electron configurations slightly different than those predicted by using the Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle and Hund's rule.

For example, using these rules would produce an electron configuration for copper of [Ar] 4s2 3d9. The actual electron configuration for copper will move one electron from the 4s sublevel into the 3d sublevel resulting in [Ar] 4s1 3d10. The copper 1+ ion will have an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s0 3d10 and the copper 2+ ion will have an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s0 3d9. Many other transition elements will show movement of electrons from the highest energy s sublevel into the d sublevel one energy below.

Explanation: here cutie hope it helps ;)

In this reaction we getting carbon dioxide and water as products.

What is combustion?

Fuel (hydrocarbon) and oxygen react chemically during combustion to produce heat. The release of heat and light energy occurs when fuel and oxygen react. Afterward, the flame is produced by heat and light energy.

What is temperature?

The average kinetic energy of all the atoms or molecules in a given substance, which is used to determine its temperature. A substance's particle's kinetic energy varies among its constituent parts. The distribution of the particles' kinetic energy can be used to depict it at any given moment.

Burning of hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen is called combustion reaction. In this reaction we getting carbon dioxide and water as products.

Therefore, In this reaction we getting carbon dioxide and water as products.

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The effects on carbonyl bond strength of adding one, and then two. oxygens: Both carboxylic acids and esters contain a carbonyl group with a second oxygen atom bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group by a single bond.

The Nucleophile (Nu) attacks the positively charged carbon and pushes one of the double-bond electrons onto oxygen to give it a negative charge.

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl bond is a functional institution composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O. it's far commonplace to several instructions of natural compounds, as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl institution is often called a carbonyl compound.

A carbonyl organization consists of a double bond linking a carbonyl carbon atom and a carbonyl oxygen atom. The carbonyl oxygen atom shares its six valence electrons with the carbonyl carbon atom. Its last 4 valence electrons remain as two sets of electron lone pairs.

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The kinetics of first order governs nuclear decay. A rate constant for a nuclide, which decays from 12.9 g to 2.04 g in 23.0 minutes, is 0.08.

identifying the root of the problem. The essential elements of a family, commonly their parents and kids, are referred to as the "nuclear family" in this phrase. Nuclear has a long history of metaphorical usage prior to its main association to "nuclear energy," with its meanings including "core" and even more merely "something basic."

As far as we are aware, the first order reaction rate is provided by:

               kt=2.303*log(R'/R)

We are aware that the following equation determines the rate of a first order reaction:

where k = rate of reaction

          t = time = 23 minutes

         R = end mass = 2.04 grams,

         where R' = beginning mass = 12.9 grams.

We obtain k = 0.08 by plugging these values into the equation above.

i.e., the nuclide's rate constant is 0.08.

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1- and 2-pentene are produced via the reaction of pentanol with tscl and pyridine. It's not the booze that matters. Pent-2-chloride (C5H9Cl) is produced by the reactions of pentanol (C5H11OH) with thionyl chloride (TSCA).

Pentanol burns readily and smells like fusel when it is at room temperature. In the production of goods for the home and industry, such as paint, lubricants, fuels, and resins, pentanol is frequently employed as a solvent.

Eyes, skin, and respiratory systems are all irritated by the chemical. The material may make you throw up and result in aspiration pneumonitis if you accidentally consume it. On the central nervous system, the chemical could have an impact. Unconsciousness may set in after prolonged high-level exposure.

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The total mass of BF3 present is 5.552 g

What do you mean by ideal gas equation?

The Ideal gas law is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation to the behaviour of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations. The ideal gas equation can be written as.

PV = nRT

Where,

P is the pressure of the ideal gas.

V is the volume of the ideal gas.

n is the amount of ideal gas measured in terms of moles.

R is the universal gas constant.

T is the temperature.

Given situation is ,

( P) Pressure of BF3 gas is 1.220 atm

( V) Volume of BF3 is 4.3410L

( T) Temperature of BF3 is 788.0 K

Now, assuming this as an ideal gas,

Let us apply ideal gas equation,

PV = nRT

n = PV/RT = 1.220 atm * 4.3410L / 0.0821 L atm k-1 mol-1 * 788 K

n = 0.08186 moles of BF3 are present.

Now, we know molar mass of BF3 = 67.82 gmol-1

i.e. total mass of BF3 present = Number of moles * molar mass

                                                = 0.08186 * 67.82g mol-1

                                                = 5.552 g of BF3 is present.

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The wavelength of radiation of resonance absorption is 3.55 x 10⁻⁷ nm. If the first excited state of an atom of a gas is 1.85ev above the ground state.

First, we need to Calculate the frequency of the radiation.

Since the energy of the first excited state is 1.85 eV, we can calculate the frequency of the radiation (ν) using the equation

ν = E/h,

where E is the energy in Joules and h is the Planck's constant (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ Js).

Therefore,          

ν = 1.85 x 1.60 x 10⁻¹⁹J/ (6.626 x 10⁻³⁴ Js)

ν = 2.81 x 10¹⁵ Hz

Next we need to Calculate the wavelength of the radiation.

The wavelength of radiation (λ) is the inverse of the frequency (ν), so

λ = 1/ν.

Therefore,

λ = 1/ (2.81 x 10¹⁵ Hz)

λ = 3.55 x 10⁻¹⁶ m

Lastly, Convert the wavelength from meters to nanometers.

1 m = 10⁹ nm

Therefore, 3.55 x 10^-16 m = 3.55 x 10⁻⁷ nm

The wavelength of radiation for resonance absorption is 3.55 x 10⁻⁷ nm

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SF₆ is the gas, that is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory that says there are no attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.

What is Kinetic- molecular theory?

The assumption that matter is made up of microscopic particles that are always in motion forms the foundation of the kinetic-molecular theory, which explains the states of matter. The observable characteristics and behaviours of solids, liquids, and gases are explained by this theory.  The theory specifically pertains to the ideal gas model of a gas. An ideal gas is a hypothetical gas whose behaviour exactly matches all of the kinetic-molecular theory's presumptions.

What are molecules?

The smallest component of a substance possesses both its chemical and physical characteristics. One or more atoms make up molecules. They may have the same atoms or different atoms if they have more than one (a water molecule has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom).

Hence, SF₆ is the gas, that is most likely to depart from the assumption of the kinetic-molecular theory.

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After dragging the chlorine atom from number one carbon atom to the second one, it would be 2-cloromethyl-4-cylcopentane.

As chloride ions are larger in size than fluoride ions, oxide ions and most of cations of the metallic elements, it is difficult for them to migrate easily in solids. However, some chloride ion conductors are known although their conductivity is low compared to that of fluoride ion conductors.

     SnCl2 shows higher chloride ion conductivity than a PbCl2-based conductor, but it is chemically unstable in the atmosphere.

   As per the given condition we have to replace the chlorine from number one atom to the second atom in order to get the resonance structure.

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a polymerization reaction is a process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains, which can be thought of as chain reaction.

What is polymerization?

Polymerization is any chemical process in which relatively small molecules, known as monomers, combine to form a very big chainlike or network molecule known as a polymer. Monomer molecules might be identical or represent two, three, or more distinct chemicals.

What is chain reaction?

A chain reaction in which a polymer chain grows. progresses solely by reaction(s) between monomer(s) and active site(s) on the polymer chain, with active site(s) regeneration at the end of each growth step.

A typical polymerization reaction consists of three steps: chain start, chain propagation, and chain termination.

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Helium atoms do not combine to form he2 molecules, yet he atoms do attract one another weakly through dispersion forces.

The weakest intermolecular force is called the dispersion force. When the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the resulting temporary attractive force is known as the London dispersion force. An induced dipole-induced dipole attraction is another name for this force. The attractive forces known as London forces are what cause nonpolar substances to condense into liquids and to freeze into solids when the temperature is sufficiently lowered.

An atom or molecule can produce an instantaneous (temporary) dipole when its electrons are dispersed asymmetrically around the nucleus due to the electrons' constant motion.

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1.5 moles of Octane will react to produce = (1.5 × 18)/2 = 13.5 moles of H2O.

Thus, 13.5 moles of water were obtained from the reaction.

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below below:

2C8H18 + 25O2 —> 16CO2 + 18H2O

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles C8H18 reacted to produce 18 moles of H2O.

Finally, we shall determine the number of moles of H2O produced by the reaction of 1.5 moles of C8H18. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

2 moles C8H18 reacted to produce 18 moles of H2O.

Therefore, 1.5 moles of C8H18 will react to produce = (1.5 × 18)/2 = 13.5 moles of H2O.

Thus, 13.5 moles of H2O were obtained from the reaction.

If that happens, we know from the balanced equation that for every two moles of octane consumed, we get 18 moles of H2O.

The law of conservation of mass, which states that "the total mass of all the products of reaction in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of all the reactants," is satisfied by balancing chemical equations.

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Our mole ratio is 94: 4.0: 1.5: 0.50.

This suggests that there are 94 + 4.0 + 1.5 + 0.50 = 100 moles of natural gas in total.

Consider the formula: partial pressure = mole fraction * total pressure.

In the case of CH4, 94/100 * 1.48 atm = 1.39 atm

C2H6: 4/100 * 1.48 atm = 0.0592 atm

C3H8: 1.5/100 * 1.48 atm = 0.0222 atm

For C4H10, multiply 0.5/100 by 1.48 atm to get 0.0074 atm.

the proportion between the moles with one component in a fluid or other combination and the total moles of all the components.

By dividing the total amount of moles of all the elements in a solution by the number of moles within one component in a solution, the molar ratio can be computed. It should be noted that the mole fractions of each component in the solution added up should equal one.

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I understand the question you are looking for is :

Natural gas is a mixture of many substances, primarily CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and C4H10. Assuming that the total pressure of the gases is 1.48 atm and that their mole ratio is 94 : 4.0 : 1.5 : 0.50, calculate the partial pressure in atmospheres of each gas.

The original concentration in the sample is 4.3 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] CFU/mL.

What is colony forming unit?

Colony forming units, or CFUs, are frequently used to calculate the number of microorganisms present in a test sample. A CFU/ml result can be obtained by multiplying the number of visible colonies (CFU) present on an agar plate by the dilution factor.

Given:

CFU in 1.0mL of [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] dilution is 43.

Total CFU in original sample = [tex]\frac{Plate count}{Dilution factor}[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{43}{10^{-3} }[/tex] = 43000

S0,  1 mL of the original sample = 4.3 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] CFU.

we know, cell density of the sample  = no. of cells per mL of solution.

= 4.3 × [tex]10^{4}[/tex] CFU/mL.

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The neutralization reaction between the weak acid H2S(aq)and the strong base KOH(aq) can be represented using the following total ionic equation.

2H2S+K^+ + 20H^- → 2H2O +2S^2- + K^+

From this equation, we can see that the spectator ion would be the K+ion since it is present in both sides.

Spectator ions exist on both sides of the equation in the same state because they are present during the reaction but are unaffected by it. Every neutralization reaction involves this shift.

Ions present in a reaction solution but not participating in the reaction are known as "spectator ions." As ions, they persist in solution. In this instance, both the hydride H+ and hydroxide OH1 ions from the LiOH and HBr remain in solution.

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The volume of 5.1 m H₂O₂ stock solution that should be used to prepare the solution is 9.80 ml.

Dilution is defined as the process in which the concentration of a sample is decreased by adding more solvent. The dilution formula is given below.

C₁V₁ = C₂V₂

where C₁ = initial concentration of sample = 5.1 m

V₁ = initial volume of sample

C₂ = final concentration after dilution = 1.00 m

V₂ = total final volume after dilution = 50.0 ml

Plug in the values to the formula and solve for the volume of the solution needed.

V₁ = C₂V₂/C₁

V₁ = (1.00 m)(50.0 ml)/(5.1 m)

V₁ = 9.80ml

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By using the ionic bonding model, the highest melting point has MgO, due to presence to more ionic charge than NaCl.

Ions having opposing charges electrostatically attract one another to form ionic bonds, sometimes referred to as electrovalent bonds, in a chemical molecule. When the valence (outermost) electrons of one atom are irreversibly transferred to another atom, a bond of this sort is created. If an atom receives electrons, it becomes a negatively charged ion (cation), and if it loses electrons, it becomes a positively charged ion (cation) (anion). Following is a quick discussion on ionic bonds. For further information, go visit Chemical Bonding: The Ionic Bonding Process. The greatest examples of this kind of chemical are those that result from the combination of nonmetals with alkali and alkaline-earth metals. Ionic bonding results in the formation of electrovalent or ionic molecules. genuine polar covalent bond

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The main function of the coarse adjustment knob simply is that it helps to focus an image on the microscope.

In science, a microscope is an instrument which is used in viewing objects or cells which cannot be be seen with the ordinary eyes. This instrument is also used to view microscopic organisms, cell and tissues.

That being said, the coarse adjustment knob help in focusing an image on the microscope by way of moving the stage up and down and the lens too. Some few parts of microscope aside the coarse adjustment knob are as follows:

In conclusion, it can be deduced from all said and done above that objectives lens and the stage of the microscope helps the coarse adjustment knob to perform its function easily.

Complete question:

Description/Functions Illuminating/magnifying/mechanical parts of microscope.

What is the function of the coarse adjustment knob of a microscope?

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5.26 years later, that 50 grams of cobalt remain is the correct prediction that chemist can predict exactly which cobalt atom is going to decay.

A chemical element with the atomic number 27 and the symbol Co is cobalt. With the exception of minor concentrations found in alloys of naturally occurring meteoric iron, cobalt is only ever found in the Earth's crust in a chemically mixed state. Because of its look, hardness, and resistance to oxidation, cobalt is frequently used in electroplating.

Destructive dissolution is what is meant by the words decay, decompose, rot, putrefy, and spoil. The term "decay" refers to a gradual deterioration from a sound or perfect state. a dilapidated home. Decomposition causes a breakdown by chemical transformation and corruption when applied to organic substance. Because objects that are rotting or decaying typically don't look good or smell good, decay seems like an unpleasant process.

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a) the pressure in the container will increase when a sample of gas is heated steadily in a closed rigid container.

Both the kinetic energy and the gas pressure will rise as a result. Typically, a rise in temperature will result in a rise in volume. The volume of the container cannot rise since the gas is contained inside a rigid container.

By definition, an increase in temperature results in an increase in kinetic energy. The gas's molecules will travel more quickly as a result of the increase in kinetic energy. The molecules smash more forcefully with one another as they move more quickly. Pressure will rise as a result of these encounters.

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