Answer the following using directional terms specific to the dentition. a Your canine is _______________________________________ relative to your first molar. b Your third molar is __________________________________ relative to your second molar. c The cheek side of the tooth row is the ______________________________ side. d Your lateral incisors are _________________ relative to your central incisors. e The tongue side of the tooth row is the ____________________________________ side. f Where your opposite tooth rows meet (to chew) is the _______________________________ surface.

Answer: The three main research methods used are observation, modeling, and experimentation.

Explanation:

Observation:

Every experiment requires observation. Ecologists must observe the environment, the species within it, and how those species interact, grow and change. Different research projects different types of assessments and observations.

Ecologists sometimes use a desk-based assessment, or DBA, to collect and summarize information about specific areas of interest. In this scenario, ecologists are using information already collected from other sources.

Oftentimes, however, ecologists rely on observation and fieldwork. This entails going into the habitat of the subject of interest to observe it in its natural state. By doing field surveys, ecologists can track the population growth of species, observe community ecology in action and study the impact of any new species or other introduced phenomena in the environment.

Each field site will differ in nature, shape, or other ways. Ecological methods allow for such differences so that different tools can be used for observations and sampling. It is crucial that sampling be done randomly to combat bias.

Modeling:

Ecological methods rely heavily on statistical and mathematical models. These provide ecologists with a way to predict how an ecosystem will change over time and react to changing conditions in a system.

Modeling also provides another way to decipher ecological information when fieldwork is not practical. There are several drawbacks to relying solely on fieldwork. Because of the typically large scale of fieldwork, it is not possible to replicate experiments exactly. Sometimes even the lifespan of organisms is a rate-limiting factor for fieldwork. Other challenges include time, labor, and space.

Modeling provides a method in which to streamline information more efficiently.

Examples of modeling include equations, simulations, graphs, and statistical analyses. Ecologists use modeling for producing helpful maps as well. Modeling allows for calculations of data to fill in gaps from sampling. Without modeling, ecologists would be hampered by the sheer amount of data that needs to be analyzed and communicated. Computer modeling allows for comparatively rapid analysis of data.

A simulation model, for example, enables the description of systems that would otherwise be extremely difficult and too complex for traditional calculus. Modeling allows scientists to study coexistence, population dynamics, and many other aspects of ecology. Modeling can help predict patterns for crucial planning purposes, such as for climate change.

Humanity’s impact on the environment will continue. It, therefore, becomes ever more crucial for ecologists to use ecological research methods to find ways to mitigate the effects on the environment.

Experimentation:

The overarching purpose of ecological methods for research is to get high-quality data. Experiments must be carefully planned.

Hypothesis: The first step in any experimental design is to come up with a hypothesis or scientific question. Then, researchers can come up with a detailed plan.

Factors that affect fieldwork experiments include the size and shape of an area that needs to be sampled. Field site sizes range from small to very large, depending on what ecological communities are being studied. Experiments in animal ecology must take into account the potential movement and size of animals.

For example, spiders would not require a large field site for study. The same would be true when studying soil chemistry or soil invertebrates. You could use a size of 15 meters by 15 meters.

Herbaceous plants and small mammals might require field sites of up to 30 square meters. Trees and birds might need a couple of hectares. If you are studying large, mobile animals, such as deer or bears, this could mean needing a quite large area of several hectares.

Deciding upon the number of sites is also crucial. Some field studies might require only one site. But if two or more habitats are included in the study, two or more field sites are necessary.

Tools: Tools used for field sites include transects, sampling plots, plotless sampling, the point method, the transect-intercept method, and the point-quarter method. The goal is to get unbiased samples of a high-enough quantity that statistical analyses will be sounder. Recording information on field data sheets aids in the data collection.

A well-designed ecological experiment will have a clear statement of purpose or question. Researchers should take extraordinary care to remove bias by providing both replication and randomization. Knowledge of the species being studied as well as the organisms within them is paramount.

Results: Upon completion, collected ecological data should be analyzed with a computer. There are three types of ecological experiments that can be made: manipulative, natural, and observational.

Hope This Helps!

The 3 general methods used by ecologists to study organisms include:

Observation involves observing organisms in their natural habitats or environments and then recording the findings. It is usually done by field surveying.

The different species living in an environment, how they interact with each other and other abiotic components of the environment are some of the observations taking during field surveys. The growth of individual species, the effects of introducing new species, their adaptations and other areas of community or ecosystem ecology can be studied through observation.

Modelling requires a simulation of real-life ecological processes through  different manipulations. This could be done in the laboratory, on the field, or even on the computer. Computer modelling requires that data from observation or experimentation are supplied as input and the inputs are subject to mathematical maneuvering.

With models, complex ecological processes can be simulated and analyzed and extrapolated to deduce how things might happen in real life ecological interactions.  

Experimentation involves setting up experiments following the scientific method. It can be a observational or controlled experiments.

Observational experiments requires studying organisms, populations, communities, or ecosystems through pure observation without changing or manipulating any variable.

Controlled experiments requires that variables are introduced and manipulated in some groups while some groups serve as the baseline without any manipulated variables.

Data are obtained from experiments and these are analyzed in relevant ways to support or reject hypotheses.  

More on ecological studies can be found here: https://brainly.com/question/22875048

Answer:

Variation

Explanation:

Migration into a population from other populations with varying gene frequencies, evolution, or adaptation of heat tolerance is a cause of variation. The allele frequency of the resulting hybrid population would be right in the middle of its original value and the donor population's frequency. In tropical and subtropical ecosystems (Sahara deserts), high temperatures are a significant restriction to human population productivity; they induce morphological and physiological modifications at all times, resulting in significant yield losses but the ability and evolution of human species to cope in this region is as a result of variation.

the number and percentage of eukaryotic species that are still to be formally described is to be beauty

Eukaryotic organisms are species that have defined nucleus and membrane limited organelles. Total 11% or 250,000 are described while 97% or 8490000 are yet to be described.

Eukaryotes are the largest and the most dominating species that includes kingdom plants, animals, fungi and protists. A total of  8.74 million eukaryote species on Earth are present from which only 250,000 are described.

Eukaryotes are the species that are well-defined organisms that contain the genetic material enclosed within the nuclear membrane and the organelles are also enclosed.

With new discoveries and findings, many new species are described that are grouped into one of the kingdoms based on their properties and features.

Therefore, 8.74 million eukaryote species are present on Earth.

Learn more about eukaryotes here:

https://brainly.com/question/4944603

Answer:

Ok so

Explanation:

1. DNA

2.A , G , C and T

3.The 3-dimensional double helix structure of DNA, correctly elucidated by James Watson and Francis Crick. Complementary bases are held together as a pair by hydrogen bonds.

4.Chargaff's realization that A = T and C = G, combined with some crucially important X-ray crystallography work by English researchers Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins, contributed to Watson and Crick's derivation of the three-dimensional, double-helical model for the structure of DNA.

5.Created by Rosalind Franklin using a technique called X-ray crystallography, it revealed the helical shape of the DNA molecule. Watson and Crick realized that DNA was made up of two chains of nucleotide pairs that encode the genetic information for all living things.

6. 1869

7.The double helix of DNA is, like its name implies, in the shape of a helix which is essentially a three dimensional spiral. The double comes from the fact that the helix is made of two long strands of DNA that are intertwined—sort of like a twisted ladder.

8. In DNA, the code letters are A, T, G, and C, which stand for the chemicals adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, respectively. In base pairing, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.

9. A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. ... Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent.

10. 20

11. A group of disorders that cause red blood cells to become misshapen and break down.

With sickle cell disease, an inherited group of disorders, red blood cells contort into a sickle shape. The cells die early, leaving a shortage of healthy red blood cells (sickle cell anaemia) and can block blood flow causing pain (sickle cell crisis).

12. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a mutation in the gene that tells your body to make the iron-rich compound that makes blood red and enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from your lungs throughout your body (hemoglobin).

13. The Human Genome Project was an international scientific research project with the goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and a functional standpoint.

I'm so absolutely sorry if this is long. Good lucj with ur work ;D

Answer:

The conclusion to be drawn from the fact that secondary consumers do not digest the bones of their prey is that energy used to create bone mass often does not travel farther up the food chain . Explanation: ... No energy is required to form bones .

Explanation:

Answer:hebivore

Explanation:

Answer:

Plasma estrogen levels reach their peak at the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

a. True

Explanation:

A woman's estrogen levels become highest towards the end of her ovulation.  At this point, the woman is naturally prepared for a possible pregnancy.  The occurrence of the highest estrogen levels coincides with the luteal phase, a stage of a woman's menstrual cycle, which occurs after ovulation (or the release of eggs from the ovaries), and before the start of the normal period. This luteal phase has been observed to be within 14 days for all women.  By the end of the luteal phase, the corpus luteum function declines.

Answer:

the tundra biome :)

Explanation:

grass lands aren't very cold

forests aren't cold

the desert is hot

and tundra is super cold

The first thing Fiona, or anyone, should do is form her hypothesis.

The hypothesis is your own proposed explanation for whatever phenomenon you're trying to study. Think of it as a predetermined idea of what could happen based on what you already know.

Answer:

The correct answer is D!:)

Explanation:

Hope this helps!:)

Answer:

Codominance- Two traits are both present in a third phenotype.

Incomplete Dominance- Two traits blend to form a third phenotype.

Sex-Linked Traits- Determined by gene located on sex chromosomes.

Explanation:

I hope this helps.

Answer:

B. The number of grasshopers would go up.

Explanation:

A. is incorrect because it would decrease

C is incorrect  because it would also decrease

D is incorrect because snakes dont eat Hawks, but Hawks eat them

B is correct because since snakes would eat the toads, there would be no toads eating grasshoppers

Hope this helps!!!

Answer:

C

Explanation:

I took the test a few days ago. :)

Answer:

inside the phage ghosts outside the bacterial cells.

Explanation:

According to Hershey & Chase- Experiments, the radioisotope 35S is frequently associated with protein since sulfur is a protein component.  The radioactive sulfur is absorbed into the protein coat because it already contained sulfur (35S).  The radioactive marker 35S was integrated into the Bacteriophage protein coat and remained as phage ghosts outside the bacterial cells.

Answer:

Water vascular system = Echinodermata

Tentacles with stinging cells= Cnidaria

Molting for growth= Arthropoda

Presence of mantle= Molluska

Explanation:

So there are a lot of people who say that the Dark Ages, lasting about 1,000 years, set humans back technologically. However, some say that since the Dark Ages really only affected Western Europe, and not the Middle East or Asia, it wouldn't make a difference.

If there had been no "Dark Ages" there would have been no Renaissance. Historians actually argue about when Renaissance started, and the answer is than it is not possible to pinpoint a date. The Crusade did more to bring the eastern world to western Europe than they did to divide.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

Increased Joint Mobility

Answer:

1

Explanation:

Lichen are usually the first thing to grow on bare rock, making them a pioneer species. Fun fact, you can use lichen to determine if the air quality in an ecosystem is polluted.

Hope this helped :)

Answer:

its b

Explanation:

Answer:

E  B  I F H A D G C

Explanation:

Answer:

is B

Explanation:

volcanic activity was more common in the past than it is today.