. an upper-layer packet is split into 5 frames, each of which has an 70% chance of arriving undamaged. if no error control is done by the data link protocol, how many times must the message be sent on average to get the entire thing through? (10points)

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Answer 1

On average, the message must be sent approximately 5.95 times to ensure it goes through without error control.

To calculate the average number of times the message must be sent to get it through without error control, we can use the concept of probability.

Since each frame has a 70% chance of arriving undamaged, the probability of a frame being damaged is 1 - 0.7 = 0.3.

The probability of all 5 frames being undamaged is [tex]0.7^5[/tex] = 0.16807.

Therefore, the probability of at least one frame being damaged is 1 - 0.16807 = 0.83193.

To determine the average number of times the message must be sent to get it through without error control, we divide 1 by the probability of all frames being undamaged: 1 / 0.16807 ≈ 5.95.

Therefore, the message must be sent approximately 5.95 times.

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luke is setting up a wireless network at home and is adding several devices to the network. during the setup of his printer, which uses 802.11g standard, he finds that he can't connect to the network. while troubleshooting the problem, he discovers that his printer is not compatible with the current wireless security protocol because it is an older version of hardware.

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Luke's printer, which uses the older 802.11g standard, is unable to connect to his wireless network due to incompatibility with the current wireless security protocol.

The 802.11g standard is an older version of the wireless networking protocol, which operates on the 2.4 GHz frequency band and provides data transfer rates up to 54 Mbps. However, as technology advances, newer wireless security protocols have been developed to enhance network security and protect against potential threats. These security protocols, such as WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 2) and WPA3, use advanced encryption methods and authentication mechanisms to secure the wireless network.

Unfortunately, Luke's printer is not compatible with the current wireless security protocol implemented on his network. This means that the printer is unable to authenticate and establish a secure connection with the network, resulting in connection issues. The printer may not support the required encryption algorithms or authentication methods used by the newer security protocols, making it unable to communicate with the wireless router effectively.

To resolve this issue, Luke has a few options. He can try adjusting the security settings on his wireless router to use an older, more compatible security protocol like WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy), although this is not recommended as WEP is known to have significant security vulnerabilities.

Alternatively, Luke could consider upgrading his printer to a newer model that supports the latest wireless security protocols, such as WPA2 or WPA3. This would ensure compatibility with his current network setup and provide improved security features.

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