Amylase and amylopectin are two different types of glucose polymers found in starch, a homopolysaccharide of D-glucose.
Amylase is the name for the lengthy, unbranched chains of D-glucose residues joined by alpha 1,4 linkages.
The glucose branching polymer, where alpha 1,4 glycosidic connections connect subsequent glucose with alpha 1,6 linkage branch sites.
Another homopolysaccharide of D-glucose is glycogen, which shares the same bonding pattern as starch but is heavily branched (every 8–12 residues as opposed to every 24–30 residues in starch).
A glucose polymer called starch is made up of glucose residues joined by an alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkage.
The linear homopolysaccharide cellulose is made up of D-glucose units joined by beta-1,4 glycosidic bonds.
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Sexual reproduction results in unique genetic combinations due to the crossing over of non-sister chromatids. During which process does this take place?
Sexual reproduction results in unique genetic combinations due to the crossing over of non-sister chromatids . The process takes place in the prophase 1 where basically the genetic material is changed.
What are the chromatids ?These are the identical half portions of the chromosomes that are replicated during the process of the cell replication.
Crossing over takes place during meiosis where the exchange of the genetic material where the homologous chromosomes pair up with each other and the segments of the DNA are interchanged where the genetic information is changed as well.
In case of sexual reproduction, it produces genetic variations where due to independent assortment and the crossing over in meiosis in the case of meiosis the random mating will produce hybrids.
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if you cross 2 of the gray sheep's offspring, what phenotypic ratio would you expect to see in the f2?
The observed traits in the F2 offspring will show a ratio of three dominant to one recessive because homozygous dominant and heterozygous individuals are phenotypically identical.
It is predicted that a cross between two heterozygous F1 hybrids will result in offspring with a 1:2:1 ratio of genotypes to phenotypes for that trait. A heterozygous person's testcross produced a 1:1 ratio in the monohybrid cross. You should anticipate a 1:1:1:1 ratio with the dihybrid cross.
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one modification that could be made to the investigation would be to measure the surface organic material in different seasons. describe how this modification could alter the results of the study.
That one modification that could be made to the investigation would be to measure the surface organic material in different seasons are Chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Chemical and spectroscopic strategies had been used to symbolize natural count ameliorations in the course of the composting process. The growing attention of carbon dioxide in our ecosystem can also additionally reason the microbes withinside the soil to paintings quicker to interrupt down natural count, doubtlessly freeing even greater carbon dioxide.
The maximum not unusualplace approach used to estimate the quantity of natural count found in a soil pattern is with the aid of using measuring the load misplaced with the aid of using an oven-dried (105°C) soil pattern whilst it's far heated to 400°C; that is regarded as 'loss on ignition', basically the natural count is burnt off.
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What key features should be present in the ir spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin? what key features should be absent from the ir spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted?.
Bonds with greater bond strengths will experience more stretching. Lower stretching frequency values in the IR spectrum will be produced by atoms with higher atomic masses in the bond.
What is the IR spectrum?Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is a well-liked absorption method in both qualitative and quantitative evaluations. The infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum contains electromagnetic radiation that has the ability to alter the vibrational and rotational states of covalent bonds in biological molecules.
An infrared spectrum: how is it made?An infrared spectrometer analyzes a substance by exposing a sample to infrared radiation at various frequencies and identifying the absorptions brought on by each kind of bond in the complex. A spectrum is produced as a result, which is typically a "plot" of transmittance percentage versus wavenumber.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of sexual reproduction? Select all that apply.
A. Requires two parent organisms
B. Offspring are identical to the parent
C. Results in increasing the survival rate of the population
D. Extremely efficient
E. Can occur internally or externally
F. Offspring are genetically unique
A,E & F
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction needs two parents to produce an offspring that is genetically unique. It can occur internally or externally. This type of reproduction is present in both animals and plants.
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if a house cat has 76 total chromosomes, how many sister chromatids would a germ-line cell contain at the end of metaphase of meiosis i?
At the end of meiosis, a germ-line cell would have 152 sister chromatids.
One of the two identical halves of a chromosome that has been replicated in preparation for cell division is referred to as a chromatid. The two "sister" chromatids are joined at the centromere, a constricted region of the chromosome. A chromosome is a long DNA molecule that contains some or all of an organism's genetic material. The very long thin DNA fibers in most chromosomes are coated with packaging proteins; the most important of these proteins in eukaryotic cells are the histones.
The chromosomes are present throughout the cell's life cycle, but chromatids are formed when the cell divides. Each cell in humans normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, known as autosomes, are identical in both males and females. The sex chromosomes, the 23rd pair, differ between males and females.
A chromatid is one half of a chromosome that has been duplicated. One chromosome is made up of one DNA molecule before replication. The DNA molecule is copied during replication, and the two molecules are known as chromatids.
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in order to understand how to motivate the various generations, we need to understand each generation's preferred mode of communication. look at the following chart and fill in the blank cell. Generation Preferred Communication style at work Traditionalist Face to face Baby Boomers Gen Xers Email Millenials Technology such as social media A) By cell phone B)By Text C) Meetings and teleconferences D)Online and social medi
Based on the given chart, the mode of communication preferred by Baby Boomers at work is meetings and teleconferences. (Option C)
Baby boomers refer to individuals that are born between 1946 and 1964. These people grew up during a period when the telephone transitioned from a bulky and expensive device to smaller units. In terms of mode of communication at work, research has shown that baby boomers prefer speaking both in person and on the phone, but they are also relatively comfortable with some use of online communication methods. It has been seen that baby boomers communicate mostly using face-to-face communication, telephone conversations and e-mail. Hence, from the provided options, they would prefer meetings and teleconferences.
Note: The question is incomplete. The complete question probably is: In order to understand how to motivate the various generations, we need to understand each generation's preferred mode of communication. Look at the following chart and fill in the blank cell. A) By cell phone B) By text C) Meetings and teleconferences D) Online and social media.
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small dense object formed from the remnants of a star at least three times as massive as the sun
A. Black hole
B. White Dwarf
C. Neutron Star
Answer:
If the core is much greater than 3 solar masses, the core contracts to become a Black Hole.
Explanation:
That is what i think i hope i helped
purple-flowered tall plants (rrtt) are crossed with white-flowered dwarf plants (wet). in the f2 generation, of 16 possible combinations, how many would be white, tall
When a purple-colored tall plant crosses with white colored dwarf plant, in the F2 generation out of 16 possible combinations three will be white and tall plants.
In the F1 generation cross between a homozygous purple-colored tall plant and white colored dwarf plant results in the purple-colored tall plant but with a heterozygous genotype. When a heterozygous plant is inbred with another heterozygous purple-colored tall plant there are sixteen possible genotypes are possible out of which 10 are with the parental phenotype (Purple tall and dwarf white) and 6 are with the recombined phenotype(purple dwarf and white tall).
This type of cross in which two traits are considered ( tallness and flower color) is a dihybrid cross.
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Describe three abiotic and three biotic components of an ocean marine ecosystem. (2 points)
Answer:
"Biotic factors include plants, animals, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Abiotic factors include sunlight, temperature, moisture, wind or water currents, soil type, and nutrient availability. Ocean ecosystems are impacted by abiotic factors in ways that may be different from terrestrial ecosystems."
Explanation:
All credit goes to National Geographic
Answer:
Biotic Factors (living): whales, algae, and plankton.
Abiotic Factors (non-living): sunlight, oxygen, nutrients in the water
Explanation:
Biotic factors are living organisms in an ecosystem. Abiotic factors are non-living, yet still a very important part of an ecosystem. With both abiotic and biotic factors, it makes an ecosystem run smoothly.
I hope this helps.
Can you mark brainiest again? (please).
Investigators examined the expression of transporter mRNA and protein produced in zebrafish homozygous for each of the alleles and found the results summarized below (+ = present, − = absent). Does the allele associated with light color appear to be altering transcription or translation? Why? transcription
This is because the end product of transcription is RNA, and no RNA is produced in individuals homozygous for the light-color allele.
The phenotypes of alleles that do not produce the mutant gene's transcript are more severe than those of other alleles because they do not show transcriptional adaptation. This is so because RNA is the final product of transcription, and those who are homozygous for the light-color allele don't create any RNA.
What is the cause of transcriptional repression in eukaryotic protein-coding genes?In a process connected to RNA 3′-end processing, transcription is stopped. The majority of eukaryotic mRNA precursors undergo site-specific 3′-untranslated region cleavage, which is followed by polyadenylation of the upstream cleavage product. These processes include lots of different proteins.
What influences the alteration of allele frequencies during gene flow?Changes in allele frequencies over time are brought on by natural selection, genetic drift, and gene flow.
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which immunoglobulin is secreted on to mucosal surfaces as a dimer in response to oral (e.g. sabin polio) or nasal (e.g. flumist) vaccination?
The most common immunoglobulin isotype found on mucosal surfaces is secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA).
What is immunoglobulin A (IgA)?Both monomeric and dimeric forms of IgA are present in serum and make up around 15% of all globulins. Due to its high concentration in mucosal secretions, secretory IgA, a dimer, serves as the main defense against local infections (e.g., saliva and tears).
Large polymers of IgM, primarily pentamers, circulate in serum and can be delivered to mucosal surfaces by the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) through epithelial cells (SIgM).
The primary isotype of antibodies seen in nasal and mucosal secretions is known as secretory IgAs (sIgA). They are the primary humoral mediator of mucosal immunity and are released by plasma cells that are close to the mucosal epithelial cells, the site of infection.
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A dna molecule that is produced by combining dna from different sources or organisms is called.
Answer:
A DNA molecule produced by combining DNA from different sources is known as recombinant DNA.
Explanation:
Which skin appendages aid in cooling the body to prevent overheating on a hot day or during intense exercise?.
Skin sweat glands allow the skin to cool when the body becomes hot.
Which cell type shields the skin from UV light damage?The polymer that shields the skin from harmful UV rays is called melanin, which is produced by keratinocytes. Each of the five cell layers that make up the epidermis has a specific function to play in the health, wellbeing, and operation of the skin.
Where in the dermis do friction ridge fingerprints form?Dermal ridges are yet another characteristic of some papillary layer regions. The epidermal ridges that result from these ridges are found in the epidermis that lies above. We refer to those ridges and the sweaty traces they leave as fingerprints.
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from which component of the light-dependent reactions does nadph form most directly? group of answer choices photosystem ii photosystem i cytochrome complex atp synthase
Between the two photosystems, electrons are transported successively, with photosystem I producing NADPH and photosystem II producing ATP.
The photosynthetic reaction center of R's photosystem II serves as the starting point of the electron flow channel.
There are two electron transport chains that produce ATP and NADPH. Water is consumed in the light processes, and oxygen is created. Due to the need for sunlight to initiate the process, these reactions can only take place during the day.
Once more excited by solar energy, the electron has the necessary momentum to cross the membrane and enter the stroma, where it combines with a hydrogen ion and an NADP+ to form the energy-containing molecule NADPH.
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several organisms have a homologous protein (inherited from a common ancestor) that is highly similar at the amino acid level. you are comparing the genes that code for these proteins in the different organisms when you note that one of the codon nucleotide positions shows more nucleotide variation than the other nucleotide positions. in which codon nucleotide position do you expect to see the most variability among species?
Third nucleotide position.
What is genes?The chromosomes contain genes that code for proteins.
A gene is composed of a deoxyribonucleotide (DNA) sequence that is converted by RNA polymerase into a messenger ribonucleotide (mRNA) sequence.
With the aid of the ribosome, this mRNA sequence is further translated into the amino acid sequence, which folds to form the functional protein.
Each triplet nucleotide read by the ribosome codes for an amino acid. The ribosome reads the mRNA sequence as triplets (three nucleotides together).
Such triplet nucleotides are referred to as codons.
The amino acid that each codon encodes is shown in a table called the genetic code.
The genetic code, however, is inherently degenerate. This implies that many genes can code for a single amino acid.
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Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes, then made deep cuts in their cortexes. He found that the cuts produced ____.
a. a temporary impairment
b. a permanent impairment
c. day-to-day fluctuations in performance
d. little apparent effect
Lashley trained rats on a variety of mazes, then made deep cuts in their cortexes. He found that the cuts produced little apparent effect.
What is Lashley experiment on rats?Lashley pioneered experimental work conducted on rats with surgically induced brain lesions, by damaging or removing specific areas of a rat's cortex, either before or after the animals were trained in mazes and visual discrimination.
Moreover, in searching for a localized storage point in the brain for learned information, termed an ''engram,'' Karl Lashley developed numerous rodent mazes in the early 20th century.
Hence, this principle concludes that the localization of certain brain functions is not necessarily concrete. Lashley discovered the principle of equipotentiality through his experimentation with rats in mazes. He found that the rats improved their performance in the maze over time.
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explore: read the descriptions of the large organs, as well as those of the small organs on the next tab. fill in the names of the organs that serve the functions listed below:Large intestineThis organ absorbs water and vitamin K from digested food.PancreasThis organ produces enzymes that break down nutrients.CapillariesThese tiny blood vessels transport absorbed nutrients.Parietal cellsThese cells produce hydrochloric acid (HCl).Chief cellsThese cells produce pepsin, which breaks down proteins
Mouth, throat, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, rectum, and anus are all parts of the digestive system. The salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are all a part of in digesting food.
These organs provide the digestive fluids and enzymes that the body needs to break down food and liquids. Each component of your digestive system works to either break down food and drink into smaller pieces, move food and liquid through your GI tract, or do both. Once food has been broken down into small enough pieces, your body to absorb and transport minerals from it. Because your large intestine absorbs water, the waste materials of digestion become stool. Nerves and hormones control the digestive process. The digestive tract and other organs that aid in the body's digestion and absorption of food make up the digestive system. It is a protracted, twisted tube that originates at the mouth and travels via the stomach, small and large intestines, the anus, and the oesophagus. Food is broken down by the digestive system into nutrients like proteins, lipids, and carbs.
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match the physical charicteristics of the organisms to there purpose
The physical traits of the creatures were appropriate for their ultimate use.
Cilia - Thin, hair-like structures called cilia are used for locomotion.Flagella - Long, tail-like structures used for locomotion are called flagella.Pseudopods: projecting feet that can capture potential prey.Pili - used to hold onto rocks.What is Cilia?Cilia are tiny protuberances that resemble hairs and are located on the surface of eukaryotic cells. The primary function of cilia is the movement of substances on the cell surface or of the cell itself. Ciliated protozoans use their cilia for both eating and motility, and they are also referred to as ciliates. Cells and bacteria move around by using flagella, which are long structures that resemble tails. Bacteria, archae, and eukaryotes all possess flagella. Flagella are longer and typically single compared to cilia despite having a comparable structure and function.
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The complete question is as follows:
Match the physical characteristics of the organisms to there purpose:
which of the following is a comprehensive and useful tool when performing exercise testing or prescribing exercise to an individual with cardiovascular disease?
The baseline exercise test remains the gold standard approach to prescribing exercise among heart disease patients.
Aerobic exercise is a central component of cardiac rehabilitation. Leading organizations recommend that exercise prescriptions be based on a baseline symptom-limited graded exercise test. However, clinicians must be prepared to safely develop and monitor patients when baseline GXT is not performed. Cardiac rehabilitation is a comprehensive treatment process that focuses on providing supervised aerobic exercise training, along with the provision of ancillary services (eg, nutritional counseling, smoking cessation, psychosocial support) for patients with medical conditions like cardiovascular diseases. The prescription of safe and progressive exercise programs in cardiac rehabilitation is essential to improve functional capacity, which is a key prognostic indicator for cardiovascular disease patients.
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what are different pathways by which carbon could get from one tree into another tree? select all that apply.
Options A, C, and D are the different pathways by which carbon could get from one tree into another tree.
A rabbit consumes carbon by consuming tree leaves. Through cellular respiration, the rabbit emits CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbs carbon into its tissues.
In a forest fire, a tree burns, releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Another tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbs carbon into its tissues.
When a tree breathes, CO2 is released into the atmosphere through cellular respiration. Another tree absorbs CO2 from the atmosphere and absorbs carbon into its tissues.
The complete question is:
What are the different pathways by which carbon could get from one tree into another tree? select all that apply.
(A). A rabbit eats leaves from the tree, taking in carbon. The rabbit performs cellular respiration, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree takes in the CO2 from the air and incorporates the carbon into its tissues,
(B). A rabbit eats leaves from the tree, taking in carbon that becomes part of its tissues. The carbon then becomes part of the bobcat's tissues. When the bobcat defecates, it leaves carbon near another tree, which takes up the carbon through its roots.
(C). a tree burns in a forest fire, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree takes in the CO2 from the air and incorporates the carbon into its tissues,
(D). a tree performs cellular respiration, releasing CO2 into the atmosphere. Another tree takes in the CO2 from the air and incorporates the carbon into its tissues.
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the aspect of personal health that is most within your control is multiple choice lifestyle. environment. genetic inheritance. human biology.
One aspect of personal health that can be controlled is lifestyle.
Health is a necessity for all humans as well as even living things. By having health we are protected from various kinds of diseases and can do many other normal activities. Many things can affect a person's health such as genetic inheritance and the environment. Genetic inheritance in a disease is something that is difficult to change because it is inherited from the baby. While the polluted environment is also an effect of big negative things like fossil fuels from vehicles or factory fumes where we can't change it in a day or two.
Aspects of health that affect a person's health that can be changed is lifestyle. By adopting a healthy lifestyle, our body will be healthy. We can start to regulate our diet and exercise diligently to have a healthy body.
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as the amount of lateral gene transfer in a taxon increases, it becomes more difficult to infer relationships among lineages within the taxon and more difficult to infer species boundaries.
As the amount of lateral gene transfer in a taxon increase, it becomes more difficult to infer relationships among lineages within the taxon and more difficult to infer species boundaries.
Phylogenetic trees made up of sequences from the same group of species can diverge due to lateral genetic transmission. Tree comparisons can be used to pinpoint the lineages that might have shared genetic information in cases where topological discordance is believed to have resulted from genetic transfer events. A series of subtree prune and regraft (SPR) operations can be used to represent an "edit path" of one or more transfer events, however, determining the best set of operations for this purpose is NP-hard for comparisons between rooted trees and possibly for unrooted trees as well.
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in q fever cases, involvement of which organ/system is responsible for the rare fatalities observed? group of answer choices pancreas/endocrine system kidneys/urinary tract heart tissue gastrointestinal tract central nervous system
The organ/system that is responsible for the rare facilities that are observed during q fever cases are urinary tract and heart tissue.
Q fever is a disorder due to the micro organism Coxiella burnetii. This micro organism evidently infects a few animals, which includes goats, sheep, and cattle. C. burnetii micro organism are located withinside the beginning products (i.e. placenta, amniotic fluid), urine/feces, and milk of inflamed animals. The organs maximum usually affected for the duration of Q fever are the heart, the arteries, the bones and the liver. The maximum not unusualplace medical presentation is an influenza-like contamination with various ranges of pneumonia and hepatitis. Although acute disorder is generally self-limiting, humans do sometimes die from this condition.
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read the passage to answer the question.even though scorpions are related to spiders, there are many differences between the two organisms. one difference is that scorpion young do not hatch from eggs as spiders do. scorpions are born live, two at a time, and they immediately crawl onto the mother's back for protection and care. they remain there for two weeks as they grow big enough to take care of themselves.questionas baby scorpions grow larger, which process occurs in their body (somatic) cells?
Baby scorpions grow larger, and Mitosis occurs in their body (somatic) cells, which replicate the cell nuclei.
Mitosis is any of the container cycles at which point copied chromosomes are divided into two new nuclei. Cell division by the formation of cells by dividing gives encourages activity in innately identical containers at which point the total number of chromosomes is upheld.
A somatic cell, or herbaceous cell, is some organic cell making the bulk of a multicellular organism apart from a female reproductive cell, beginning cell, gametocyte, or similar stem container. Mitosis occurs in somatic cells; this resources that it takes place effectively in types of containers that are not complicated in the result of gametes.
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Answer: Mitosis makes copies of the cells nuclei
Explanation: I took the test
A museum curator wears a coat and uses special tools to inspect old bones, a microbiologist wears gloves and uses a microscope to study organisms, and a robotics engineer wears goggles and uses a computer to conduct tests. Which workplace do these stem employees have in common?office buildingfactorywarehouselaboratory.
A museum curator wears a coat and uses special tools to inspect old bones, a microbiologist wears gloves and uses a microscope to study organisms workplace do these stem employees have in common was laboratory.
A biology laboratory is often a space where biological investigations, analyses, and experiments are conducted.
The Biological Agents Ordinance (BioStoffV) is in effect in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act (ArbSchG), Infection Protection Act (IfSG), and Home Work Act (HAG). This supports the protection during biological agent-related operations.
The Genetic Engineering Act (GenTG) and the Genetic Engineering Safety Regulation also control genetic engineering activities (GenTSV).
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what is the term that describes an eruption of vesicles following the course of a nerve caused by herpes zoster virus?
Shingles is the term that describes an eruption of vesicles following the course of a nerve caused by herpes zoster virus.
The shingles virus is a contagious virus that causes an uncomfortable rash. The name "shingles," which refers to a skin rash, is derived from the Latin word "cingulum," which meaning belt or girdle and refers to the way the rash typically takes the form of bands or belts. All ages are susceptible to shingles. Adults over 50 years old are especially prone to it. Shingles can arise anywhere on your body. A single band of blisters encircling either the left or right side of your chest is the typical appearance. Shingles are brought on by the varicella-zoster virus, which also causes chickenpox. A unilateral dermatomal, vesicular eruption is the most typical sign of varicella zoster, which is brought on by the herpes zoster virus. a 1–5 day sensory prodrome with unknown causes.
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if andre's ulcerative colitis occurred in the lower part of the ileum, what type of ibd would he have?
When the inflammation occurs in the rectum and lower part of the colon it is called ulcerative proctitis.
Ulcerative proctitis is a mild form of ulcerative colitis, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) characterized by fine ulcerations in the large intestine's inner mucosal lining that do not penetrate the bowel muscle wall.
Ulcerative Proctitis can be caused by radiation injury, foreign body trauma, constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel (ischemia), infection, or an unknown cause (idiopathic).
Proctitis affects the rectum, whereas ulcerative colitis (UC) can affect the colon, the rectum, or both. The gastrointestinal tract is affected by UC, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A type of UC is proctitis.
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a solid ball of about eight cells formed about 50 to 60 hours after fertilization is called a(n) .
The solid ball of about 8 cells is known as morula.
What is morula?
Morula is a solid mass of blastomeres that results from a number of cleavages of a zygote/ fertilized egg. It gets its name from its resemblance to a mulberry.
Morula is usually produced in those species in which the eggs contain some yolk and, undergo complete cleavage. The blastomeres on the surface of the morula are responsible for giving rise to extra-embryonic parts of the embryo. The cells of the interior, the inner cell mass, all develop into a proper embryo.
The morula is composed of 60 or more cells in humans. The zygote develops in a blastocyst as the number of cells in a morula increases. A blastocyst is a hollow bubble like structure, which becomes implanted in the uterine lining eventually.
Therefore, the solid ball of about 8 cells is known as morula.
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approximately 14 grams of are needed per day above normal requirements to support the growth of one pound of muscle per week, if a person is in protein balance.
Proteins are large biomolecular and macromolecular structures made up of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Thus correct answer 14 g.
The standard recommendation for bodybuilders is to consume one gram of protein per pound of bodyweight in order to support muscle growth, but the science behind this advice varies depending on age, level of fitness, and overall body composition goals.
What is the recommended daily protein intake in grams per kilogram for a 14-18 year old?
The World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/FAO) recommends 0.9 g/kg/day of protein consumption for boys aged 3 to 18 years old and 0.9 g/kg/day for girls aged 3 to 15 years old (24). Girls between the ages of 15 and 18 had a somewhat lower amount of 0.8 g/kg/day.
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Full Question :How much additional protein is needed per day to support the growth of one pound of muscle?
14 g
40 g
58 g
65 g