Answer:
a. Adding a solute to a solvent results in freezing point depression that is lowering of the freezing point of the solvent
The equation that describes the effect is [tex]\Delta T_f = K_f \times m \times i[/tex]
b. The effect of adding a solute to a solvent have on the boiling point of the solvent is the elevation of the boiling point of the solvent
The equation that describes the effect of boiling point elevation is given as follows;
[tex]\Delta T_b = K_b \times m \times i[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\Delta T_f = K_f \times m \times i[/tex]
Where:
[tex]\Delta T_f[/tex] = [tex]T_{f(pure \ solvent)}[/tex] - [tex]T_{f(solution)}[/tex]
[tex]K_f[/tex] = Constant for Molal freezing point
i = van't Hoff factor which is the number of irons present in each solute molecule
m = Molality of the solution
[tex]\Delta T_b = K_b \times m \times i[/tex]
Where:
[tex]\Delta T_b[/tex] = [tex]T_{f(pure \ solvent)}[/tex] - [tex]T_{f(solution)}[/tex]
[tex]K_b[/tex] = Constant for Molal freezing point
i = van't Hoff factor which is the number of irons present in each solute molecule
m = Molality of the solution
Adding a solute to a solvent affects the freezing point and boiling point of the solvent by either lowering or raising them, respectively. These effects can be described using the freezing point depression and boiling point elevation equations, which take into account the molality of the solute and the constants specific to each solvent.
a. When a solute is added to a solvent, it lowers the freezing point of the solvent. This phenomenon is known as freezing point depression. The equation that describes the effect is the freezing point depression equation:
∆T = Kf * m
where ∆T is the change in freezing point, Kf is the cryoscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solute.
To explain this further, when a solute is added to a solvent, it disrupts the regular arrangement of solvent molecules in the crystal lattice during freezing. This makes it more difficult for the solvent to form a solid, resulting in a decrease in the freezing point.
For example, if you add salt (NaCl) to water, the salt molecules will mix with the water molecules. As a result, the freezing point of the water will decrease, and it will require a lower temperature for the water to freeze.
b. Adding a solute to a solvent also raises the boiling point of the solvent. This is known as boiling point elevation. The equation that describes the effect is the boiling point elevation equation:
∆T = Kb * m
where ∆T is the change in boiling point, Kb is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solute.
To understand this concept, when a solute is added to a solvent, the solute particles disrupt the intermolecular forces between solvent molecules. This increases the boiling point of the solution because more heat energy is required to overcome the stronger intermolecular forces between the solute and solvent particles.
For instance, if you dissolve sugar (C12H22O11) in water, the sugar molecules will interact with the water molecules. As a result, the boiling point of the water will increase, and it will require a higher temperature for the water to boil.
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What is Kb for CH3NH2(aq) + H2O(1) CH3NH3(aq) + OH (aq)?
Answer:
Option B.
Kb = [CH3NH3+] [OH-] / [CH3NH2]
Explanation:
We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:
CH3NH2(aq) + H2O(l) <=> CH3NH3+(aq) + OH- (aq)?
The expression for the equilibrium constant, Kb is simply the ratio of the concentration of the products raised to their coefficient to the concentration of the reactants raised to their coefficient.
Thus, the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kb fo th above reaction can be written as follow:
Kb = [CH3NH3+] [OH-] / [CH3NH2]
Option B gives the correct expression for Kb.
Answer:b
Explanation:AP EX
How much energy does a 185 nm wave of light have? (The speed of light in a
vacuum is 3.00 x 108 m/s, and Planck's constant is 6.626 x 10-34 Jos.)
A. 1.07 x 10-18 J
B. 8.38 x 1034j
C. 9.31 x 1017 J
D. 3.68 x 10-32 J
O
Answer: A. 1.07 x 10∧ -18 J
Explanation:
The energy can be calculated by using this relation; E = hc / ∧
Where E = energy
h = Planck's constant = 6.626 x 10-34joules
c = speed of light = 3.00 x 10∧8 m/s
∧ = wavelenght = 185 nm = 185 x 10∧ -9m
Therefore; E= hc / ∧
= (6.626 x 10-34 j/s) x ( 3.00 x 10∧8 m/s) / 185 x 10∧ -9m
= 1.987 x 10 ∧ -25 / 185 x 10∧ -9m
= 1.07 x 10∧ -18 J
What is the activation energy for the reaction in this energy diagram?
Answer:
+ 100 Kj
Explanation:
The very minimum energy required to activate atoms or molecules to undergo chemical transformation.
Answer:
It is 60kj.
Explanation:
It is the highest point minus where a+b is at, so it is 60kj.
How does an enzyme’s active site relate to its substrate?
Answer:
The enzyme's active site must be the mold shape of the substrate.
Explanation:
An enzyme and a substrate bind together in order to work. If the shapes of the 2 are different, they will not be able to bond together. If the shapes of the 2 fit glove-in-hand, then they will be able to bond together.
How many molecules of Oxygen are consumed if 24 molecules of Carbon Dioxide are produced?
Answer:
Explanation:
C + O2 → CO2
Mole of C = 24 g/(12 g/mole)
Mole of C = 2 mole
Mole of molecular O2 = 74 g/(32 g/mole)
Mole of molecular O2 = 2.3125 mole
Since mole of C < mole of O2, then C being the limiting reagent.
From the reaction, it shows that mole ratio between C and O2 = 1 : 1.
So, 2 moles of C will stoichiometrically react with 2 moles of O2 to generate 2 moles of CO2.
Avogadro's law states that :"equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules i.e. 6.02 x 10^23 molecules/mole.
Therefore, 2 moles of CO2 contain 2 moles x 6.02 x 10^23 molecules/mole = 1.204 x 10^24 molecules of CO2 is formed.
IUPAC name for [Fe(NH3)4Cl2]NO3
Tetraamminedichloridoiron(3) nitrate
An open flask sitting in a lab refrigerator looks empty, but it is actually filled with a mixture of gases called air. If the flask volume is 4.00 L, and the air is at standard temperature and pressure, how many gaseous molecules does the flask contain
Answer: [tex]1.07\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules
Explanation:
According to the ideal gas equation:
PV=nRT
P = Pressure of the gas = 1 atm ( at STP)
V= Volume of the gas = 4.00 L
T= Temperature of the gas in kelvin = 273 K ( at STP)
R= Gas constant = 0.0821Latm/kmol
n= moles of gas= ?
Putting in the values we get:
[tex]1atm\times 4.00L=n\times 0.0821Latm/Kmol\times 273K[/tex]
[tex]n=0.178mol[/tex]
Now 1 mole of any substance contains [tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules at STP
Thus 0.178 mole of any substance contains = [tex]\frac{6.023\times 10^{23}}{1}\times 0.178=1.07\times 10^{23}[/tex] molecules at STP
Thus there are [tex]1.07\times 10^{23}[/tex] gaseous molecules in the flask.
Which will change will cause the gravitational force between a baseball and a soccerball
Monica has $20. She needs to buy a gallon of milk that costs $2.50. She also wants to buy yogurt, which costs $1.20 a cup. What is the greatest number of cups of yogurt Monica can buy? Use the inequality 1.20x + 2.5 ≤ 20 to solve the problem
Balance the following chemical equation
Answer:
Explanation:
4). Ca(NO₃)₂ + Na₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + 2Na(NO₃)₂
This question is incorrect.
Since, the final product by reacting Na⁺⁺ and NO₃⁻⁻ is NaNO₃
Correct equation will be,
Ca(NO₃)₂ + Na₂SO₄ → CaSO₄ + 2NaNO₃
This equation is in the balanced form.
5). Ni(NO₃)₂ + KI → NiI + 2K(NO₃)₂
Correct equation will be,
Ni(NO₃)₂ + KI → NiI₂ + 2KNO₃
[Since final product by reacting Ni⁺⁺ and I⁻ is NiI₂]
Balanced form of this equation will be,
Ni(NO₃)₂ + 2KI → NiI₂ + 2KNO₃
6). Ni(NO₃)₂ + KOH → NiOH + K(NO₃)₂
Correct form of the equation will be
Ni(NO₃)₂ + KOH → Ni(OH)₂ + KNO₃
[Since reaction of Ni⁺⁺ and OH⁻ gives Ni(OH)₂ and the reaction of K⁺ and NO₃⁻ gives KNO₃]
Now balancing this equation,
Ni(NO₃)₂ + KOH → Ni(OH)₂ + 2KNO₃
↓
Ni(NO₃)₂ + 2KOH → Ni(OH)₂ + 2KNO₃
The majority of the world’s water is stored in?
Answer:
Ocean
Explanation:
97 percent of the water in the world is in the ocean.
The 3 percent of freshwater is located in lakes, streams, glaciers, and can be found underground.
what's an extensive property of matter
Answer:
Mass, Volume, Length, Moles, Energy, Number of Particles
Explanation:
Modern atomic theory states that atoms are neutral. How is this neutrality achieved? (3 points) Select one: a. Equal number of neutrons and protons b. Equal number of protons and electrons c. More electrons than protons d. More neutrons than electrons
Answer:
The answer is option B.
Equal number of protons and electronsHope this helps you
Answer:
equal number of electrons and protons
Explanation:
electron is negatively charged and proton is positively charged for an atom to stay neutrality # of electrons and protons must be equal.
what's love like? what feels are involved?
Which group will have a charge of +2 when ionized?
O A. Alkali Earth metals
OB. Halogens
C. Alkali metals
D. Noble gases
Answer:
Alkaline earth metals
Explanation:
Group 2 has 2 valence electrons that they lose when being ionized, thus making their charge 2+.
Answer:
alkali earth metals
Explanation:
ed tell chem
What was the purpose of the periodic table?
A. To organize elements as they were discovered
O B. To list the chemical reactions an element can have
O C. To name elements as they were discovered
O D. To identify all the isotopes of each element
SUBMIT
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The purpose of the periodic table was to organize elements as they were discovered into periods and groups, according to their properties. It was not just a naming of elements, as a list.
The purpose of the periodic table was to organize elements as they were discovered. Thus option A is correct.
What is periodic table?Periodic table is defined as an arrangement of all known elements in order of increasing atomic number and recurrent chemical attributes.
It can also be defined as a tabular arrangement of chemical elements ordered by increasing atomic number and element groups.
It helps us to learn about an ordered grouping of the 118 known chemical elements.
The periodic table contains alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, transition elements, noble gas, post transition element etc. and many more elements are arranged in periodic table in groups.
Thus, the purpose of the periodic table was to organize elements as they were discovered. Thus option A is correct.
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The proof that ch4 is a weak acid
Answer: because ch4 is not considered a acid they said it is too weak
Explanation:
How to calculate this ?
Do you use the molar mass and multiply it by the mass given ?
Answer:
Option C. 8.91g
Explanation:
The balanced equation for the reaction is given below:
2Pb(NO3)2 —> 2PbO + 4NO2 + O2
Next, we shall determine the mass of Pb(NO3)2 that decomposed and the mass PbO produced from the balanced equation.
This is illustrated below below:
Molar mass of Pb(NO3)2 = 207 + 2[14 + (16x3)]
= 207 + 2[14 + 48]
= 207 + 2[62] = 207 + 124
= 331g/mol
Mass of Pb(NO3)2 from the balanced equation = 2 x 331 = 662g
Molar mass of PbO = 207 + 16 = 223g/mol
Mass of PbO from the balanced equation = 2 x 223 = 446g
Summary:
From the balanced equation above,
662g of Pb(NO3)2 decomposed to produce 446g of PbO.
Finally, we can obtain the maximum mass of lead(II) oxide, PbO produced from 13.23g of lead (II) nitrate, Pb(NO3)2 as follow:
From the balanced equation above,
662g of Pb(NO3)2 decomposed to produce 446g of PbO.
Therefore, 13.23g of Pb(NO3)2 will decompose to produce = (13.23 x 446)/662 = 8.91g of PbO.
Therefore, 8.91g of PbO were obtained from the decomposition of 13.23g of Pb(NO3)2
PLZ HELP SUPER STUCK T^T *will give brainiest* (30 points) (plz hurry!! its on a test)
Question: Aluminum is an element. Which best describes what makes up a sample of aluminum? one kind of atom two different kinds of atoms all carbon-based atoms a carbon atom and non-carbon atoms
Answer:
The answer to this is A. One kind of atom
Explanation:
The other options make no sense whatsoever. But enjoy.
I hope this helped.
Answer:
A. One kind of atom
Explanation:
Which of the following is a characteristic property of the halogen? A. They are very reactive B. They are very stable C. They are metals D. They are all gases
Answer:A
Explanation:
They are very reactive is a characteristic property of halogen.
Hence, Option (A) is correct answer.
What is Halogen ?Halogens are non metallic elements in periodic table. It belongs to group 17 in the periodic table. Halogen family consists six elements that is Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), Astatine (At) and Tennessine (Ts).
What are the characteristics property of halogen ?They are nonmetals. Halogens have 7 valence electrons. They are highly reactive with alkaline earth metal and alkali metals. Halogens are not stable.Thus, from the above conclusion we can say that They are very reactive is a characteristic property of halogen.
Hence, Option (A) is correct answer.
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is a process that involves the collection of information and ideas supported by evidence.
Science
Systematics
Pseudoscience
Hypothesis
Answer:
pseudoscience
Explanation:
srry that this is so late btw, hope this helps...
Answer:
Science
Explanation:
First response is NOT correct
I need a help from this question!!
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Please take a look at the picture attached for the drawings and structures.
C2H4 is a alkene (C-C double bond). When steam (water) is added, it turns into an alcohol, where the double bond breaks and a (-OH) functional group is attached to one of the Carbons. In this case, C2H4 ethene is turned into ethanol.
When an alcohol undergoes oxidation, primary alcohols turn into aldehyde (-CHO) or carboxylic acids (-COOH). Secondary alcohol turns into ketone. Ethanol is a primary alcohol. And since it later reacts with propanol, it can only form carboxylic acid when it oxidizes. The product in this reaction is ethanoic acid.
Carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol to form an ester (-COO-). the -COOH group from acid combines with the -OH group from alcohol to form an ester bond -COO- while eliminating H2O. Therefore, when propanol undergoes esterification with ethanoic acid, propyl ethanoate is produced. It is the answer of B.
A drug problem can quickly consume A)a small portions of a person income B)the bulk of a person income C)a person excess income
Answer:
b
Explanation:
a drug problem consumes the bulk of a persons income because drugs are expensive to buy
A drug problem can quickly consume the bulk of a person income
What is a drug problem?A drug is any chemical substance that causes a change in an organism's physiology or psychology when consumed. Drug abuse or substance abuse refers to the use of certain chemicals for the purpose of creating pleasurable effects on the brain.
Drug use can have significant and damaging short-term and long-term effects. Taking some drugs can be particularly risky, especially if you take high doses or combine them with other drugs or alcohol.
People of any age, sex or economic status can become addicted to a drug. Certain factors can affect the likelihood and speed of developing an addiction.
The best way to prevent an addiction to a drug is not to take the drug at all. If your doctor prescribes a drug with the potential for addiction, use care when taking the drug and follow the instructions provided by your doctor. Thus you can save your income.
The correct answer is option B.
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news coverage and tend to _ drug use?
a)discourage B)glamorize
C)glamorize
Answer:
glamorize
Explanation:
There are many stories about celebrities being on drugs, and the media seems to deliver the stories in a way that acts as drugs are beneficial and further glamorizes them.
News coverage tends to glamorize drug use.
How does social media influence pills?An examination performed by the national middle on addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia college discovered that young adults who frequently use popular social media outlets have been more likely to drink, use pills, and buy tobacco than adolescents who both did no longer use social media or used it less regularly.
Does media insurance have an effect on the spread of drug addiction?The effects display that the media impact on the human populace cannot exchange the stabilities of equilibria however can affect the number of drug addicts. Sensitivity analyses are performed to search for powerful control measures for drug treatment.
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Given the information below, which is more favorable energetically, the oxidation of succinate to fumarate by NAD+ or by FAD? Fumarate + 2H+ + 2e- → Succinate E°´ = 0.031 V NAD+ + 2H+ + 2e- → NADH + H+ E°´ = -0.320 FAD + 2H+ + 2e- → FADH2 E°´ = -0.219
Answer:
Oxidation with FAD is more favorable energetically.
Explanation:
With FAD as the electron acceptor;
∆E'° = (E'° from reduction reaction) – (E'° from oxidation reaction)
∆E'° = (-0.219) - 0.031 = -0.25 V
The standard free energy change, ∆G'° = -nF∆E'° ; where n is number of moles of electrons = 2, F is Faraday's constant = 96.5 KJ/V.mol
∆G'° = -2 × 96.5 KJ/V.mol × (-0.25)
∆G'° = 48.25 KJ/mol
With NAD+ as electron acceptor
∆E'° = (E'° from reduction reaction) – (E'° from oxidation reaction)
∆E'° = (-0.320) - 0.031 = -0.351 V
The standard free energy change, ∆G'° = -nF∆E'° ; n = 2, F = 96.5 KJ/V.mol
∆G'° = -2 × 96.5 KJ/V.mol × (-0.351)
∆G'° = 67.74 KJ/mol
From the above values obtained, the oxidation by FAD is more favorable energetically as the free energy is less positive than with NAD+
Select the most dilute solution a.A solution made by dissolving 60g of sodium hydroxide in 2000cm cubed b.A solution made by dissolving 40 g of sodium hydroxide in 1000 cm cubed of solution. c.A solution made by dissolving 10 g of sodium hydroxide in 250 cm cubed of solution. d.A solution made by dissolving 20 g of sodium hydroxide in 500 cm3 of solution.
Answer:
A, a solution made by dissolving 60g of sodium hydroxide in 2000cm³
Explanation:
Concentration = no. of moles / volume (in dm³)
1 dm³ = 1000cm³
no. of moles = mass / molar mass
molar mass of NaOH = 23.0+16.0+1.0 = 40 g/mol
Let's find the concentration of each of the solutions:
A:
= 60/40 /2
= 0.75 mol/dm³
B:
= 40/40 /1
= 1 mol/dm³
C:
= 10/40 / 0.25
=1 mol/dm³
D:
= 20/40 / 0.5
= 1 mol/dm³
Since 0.75mol/dm³ is the lowest concentration out of 4, it is the most dilute.
What is HYDROGEN and OXYGEN?
Answer:
Hydrogen is the first element in the periodic table. Oxygen is the eighth element in the periodic table.
Both elements are gases.
Hydrogen is used for the Haber process and rocket fuel.
Oxygen is used for breathing and production purposes.
Air composes 21% oxygen and 0.0001% hydrogen.
Water is an example that contains both hydrogen H2 and oxygen O2 molecules.
Answer:
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the Symbol H and atomic number 1.
Hydrogen is the lightest element in the periodic table and it is the most abundant in the universe.
WHILE:
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and the atomic number 8.
It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table.
This is what we humans take in to breathe that gives us life.
When a sample of Mg is combusted in a bomb calorimeter, 25.4 kJ of energy as heat is evolved. The calorimeter contains 7.50 x 102 g of water at an initial temperature of 18.6 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 J/gLaTeX: \cdot⋅°C and the heat capacity of the bomb is 8.20 x 102 J/°C. Calculate the final temperature of the water and the bomb
Answer:
x = 25.02 or 25°c
Explanation:
Given:
mass of water : 7.50×10² =750 gm
Ccal = 8.20× 10² = 820 J/°c
Let assume final temp = x°c
then, heat gained by the water + heat gained by calorimeter
= 25400 J
⇒ Mw × Cw× ΔTw+ Ccal ×ΔT = 25400
⇒ 750× 4.184 × (x - 18.6) + 820 ×(x-18.6) = 25400
⇒ x = 25.02 or 25°c
write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions .1)Barium Chloride + Potassium Sulphate -> Barium
sulphate + potassium chloride
2].zinc+silvernitrate->zinc nitrate+silver
Answer:
1) BaCl2+K2So4 → BaSo4+ KCl
2) Zn+AgNO3 → Zn+NO3+Ag
How do mass and type of material affect thermal energy transfer?
Answer:
Temperature, mass, and the type of material are factors that affect the thermal energy of an object.
Material with the higher specific heat will have more thermal energy than material with lower specific heat if they both have the same mass and temperature.
The thermal energy within the thing increases if the temperature remains constant but the object's mass rises.
If two materials have the same mass and temperature, the material with the greater specific heat will have more thermal energy than the material with the lower specific heat.
How does thermal energy transfer depend on the kind of material?
The speed at which thermal energy moves from one end of a substance to another determines thermal conductivity. Insulators transport thermal energy slowly while conductors transfer thermal energy quickly.
The thermal energy within the thing increases if the temperature remains constant but the object's mass rises.
Conduction, convection, or radiation are all ways that thermal energy can be moved from one location to another.
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