The magnetic field of the solenoid will be 30.79 T.
Magnetic field strength is a quantitative measure of the strength or weakness of a magnetic field.
It is also the force experienced by a north pole unit of one weber force at a certain point in the magnetic field. SI unit for the magnetic field is Tesla (T).Magnetic field is denoted by B and has the formula as B = μ₀I/2πrAlso it has an another formula as B = (N*r*I) /LLength of solenoid, L = 1.5 cm = 0.015 m
Radius of solenoid, r = 0.65 cm = 0.0065 m
Number of turns, N = 49 turns
Current, I = 1.45 A
Magnetic field, B, can be calculated as B = (N*r*I) /L
B = (49 * 0.0065 * 1.45)/0.015
B = 30.79 T
The magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid is 30.79 T.
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what is the longest wavelength of light (in nm) for which all three metals will emit photoelectrons?
The 520 nm wavelength is the longest at which a metal will emit an electron.
The definitions of wavelength and frequencyThe wavelength, which is also the distance between two wave crests and troughs, is the measurement of wave length. In cycles per second (Hz), the term "frequency" refers to the number of vibrations that cross a specific area in a second (Hertz). This article talks about the relationship between wavelength and frequency.
The wavelength is what.The length of a waveform signal that is propagating in space or over a wire is measured by the separation between identical points (adjacent crests) in the adjacent cycles. This length is often stated in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) in wireless systems (mm).
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an automobile sounds its horn while passing an observer at 25.5 m/s. the actual horn frequency is 405 hz. assume the speed of sound is 345 m/s. find its frequency heard by the observer while the car is approaching.
The frequency heard by the observer while the car is approacing 437.3 Hz.
What is doppler effect?
A wave's frequency changes in response to an observer moving in respect to the wave source, which is known as the Doppler effect or Doppler shift. The change in pitch that happens as an automobile approaches and drives away from a spectator while sounding its horn is a common way to demonstrate doppler shift.
By using Doppler's Formula:
fo = v+vo/v+vs x fs
where,
fo = observer frequency of sound
v= speed of sound waves
vo= observer velocity
vs= source velocity
fs= actual frequency of sound waves
It is given that,
fs= 405Hz
vs= 25.5 m/s
v= 345 m/s
fo= 0 m/s
Observer to source = Positive
Source to observer = Negative
fo = v+vo/v+vs x fs
fo = 345/ 345 - 25.5× 405
fo = 437.3 Hz
Hence, The frequency heard by the observer is 437.3 Hz.
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The frequency heard by the observer while the car is approacing 437.3 Hz.
What is doppler effect?
A wave's frequency changes in response to an observer moving in respect to the wave source, which is known as the Doppler effect or Doppler shift. The change in pitch that happens as an automobile approaches and drives away from a spectator while sounding its horn is a common way to demonstrate doppler shift.
By using Doppler's Formula:
fo = v+vo/v+vs x fs
where,
fo = observer frequency of sound
v= speed of sound waves
vo= observer velocity
vs= source velocity
fs= actual frequency of sound waves
It is given that,
fs= 405Hz
vs= 25.5 m/s
v= 345 m/s
fo= 0 m/s
Observer to source = Positive
Source to observer = Negative
fo = v+vo/v+vs x fs
fo = 345/ 345 - 25.5× 405
fo = 437.3 Hz
Hence, The frequency heard by the observer is 437.3 Hz.
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two capacitors of 4 μf and 8 μf are connected in parallel. what is the equivalent capacitance of this system?
The equivalent capacitance of this system is 12 micro F.
Let
C1 = 4 micro F
C2 = 8 micro F
C_parallel = C1 + C2
= 4 + 8
= 12 micro F
What is capacitance?
Capacitance is the ability of a component or circuit to collect and store energy in the form of electrical charge.
Capacitors are energy storage devices of various sizes and shapes. They consist of two sheets of conductive material (usually thin metals) sandwiched between insulators made of ceramic, foil, glass, or other material, or even air.
Insulators, also called dielectrics, increase the charging capacity of capacitors. Capacitors are sometimes called capacitors in the automotive, marine and aerospace industries.
The inner plate is connected to the two outer terminals. The outer terminal can be long and thin and resemble a small metal antenna or leg. These terminals can be plugged into a circuit.
Therefore, the equivalent capacitance of this system is 12.
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You use j of energy to move a 2.0 N object. How far did you move it?
The distance the 2.0 N object will move, given that 35 J of energy is used to move it is 17.5 m
How do I determine the distance the object will move?Work done is defined as the product of force and the distance moved in the direction of the force. Mathematically, it is expressed as:
Work done (Wd) = force (F) × distance (d)
Using the above formula, we can detertmine the distance the object will move as illustrated below:
Workdone (Wd) = 35 JForce (F) = 2.0 NDistance moved (d) = ?Work done (Wd) = force (F) × distance (d)
35 = 2 × distance moved
Divide both sides by 2
Distance moved = 35 / 2
Distance moved = 17.5 m
Therefore, we can conclude from the calculation made above that the distance moved is 17.5 m
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Complete question:
You use 35 J of energy to move a 2.0 N object. How far did you move it?
46. the sled is pulled up a higher hill that is less steep than the original hill described before question 44. how does the speed of the sled at the bottom of the hill (after it has slid down) compare to that of the sled at the bottom of the original hill?
Both hills' lowest speeds for the sled are the same.
Why would someone use a sled?Sleds—also known as sleighs—are wintertime vehicles that are often pulled across ice or snow by either horses or dogs. The travois and the sidecar, which were its predecessors, are said to have been the earliest human-powered vehicles.
What is the difference between a sled and a sleigh?An open-topped, often medium- to large-sized sleigh is used to transport people or cargo. Reindeer, dogs, or horses are frequently used as the drivers. While the name "sled" is still used generally in American parlance, it frequently refers to a smaller, frequently recreational, equipment.
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hree uniform spheres fig. p13.45. (a) what are the mag- nitude and direction of the force on a 0.0150 kg particle placed at p? (b) if the spheres are in deep outer space and a 0.0150
a) the magnitude of the force on particle is 9.7 x 10⁻¹² N and direction is 45° counter clockwise.
b) if spheres are in outer space of 0.0150, then velocity will be 3 x 10⁻⁵ km/s
We know
Force = G (m₁m₂/d²)
(a) F(net) = F₁ + F₂ + F₃
G (mm(p)/d²) + G (mm(p)/d²) + 2G (mm(p)/2d²)
|F(net)| = G[ mm(p) / d² ](√2 + 1)
= [6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ x 1 x (0.015) / (0.5)² ] (√2 + 1) = 9.7 x 10⁻¹² N
The magnitude of the force is 9.7 x 10⁻¹² N.
Direction 45° counter clockwise
(b) Initial velocity U(p) = √2Gm(2+√2/d - 2/150)
= √2 x 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹(2 + √2 / 0.5 - 2/150)
= 3 x 10⁻⁵ m/s
Therefore, the velocity at which it moves is 3 x 10⁻⁵ km/s.
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what minimum speed must the small sphere have in order to come within 5.00 cm of the surface of the large sphere?
The minimum speed must the small sphere have is v = 145.56 m/s
What is law of conservation of energy?
According to the rule of conservation of energy, energy cannot be generated or destroyed; it can only be transformed from one type of energy to another. This indicates that unless energy is added from outside, a system always has the same quantity of energy.
According to the given question,
Let the speed given to small charge q = v
Initially there is only Kinetic Energy present in the system , and potential energy is zero. The initial KE given to q is all transformed to Potential energy at distance r = 9.00 + 5.00 = 14.00 cm or 0.14 m from Q where q comes to rest due to the repelling forces.
Therefore, Using Energy Conservation -
PE = (qkQ)/r
KE = 1/2mv^2
PE = KE
1 / 2 * m * [tex]v^2[/tex] = Kq*Q/r
1 / 2 * 6 * [tex]10^-5[/tex] * [tex]v^2[/tex] = 8.9 * [tex]10^9[/tex] * 5 * [tex]10^-6[/tex] * 2* [tex]10^-6[/tex] / 0.14
v = [tex]\sqrt{(0.63571 * 10^5)/3)} m/s[/tex]
v = 145.56 m/s
Minimum speed must the small sphere have, v = 145.56 m/s
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Oil is spilled from an oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico andspreads in a circle with the circumference changing at a rate of 40m/sec. How fast is the area of the spill increasing when thecircumference of the circle is 100Ï€ meters?
The area of the spill increasing when the circumference of the circle is 100π meters at a rate of 2000 sq. m/sec.
What is circumference ?The circumference of a circle or ellipse in geometry is its perimeter. That is, if the circle were opened up and straightened out to a line segment, the circumference would be the length of the arc.
The curve length around any closed figure is more often referred to as the perimeter. The term "circumference" can also refer to the circle's actual location, which corresponds to a disk's edge.
Given parameters:
circumference changing at a rate = 2π dr = 40m/sec.
the circumference of the circle is = 2πr = 100π meters
Hence, the rate of area of the spill increasing = 2πrdr
= 100π meters × 40m/sec/2π
= 2000 sq. m/sec.
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What can a transistor do in order to fulfill its function in a circuit? check all that apply.
A transistor is used to amplify or switch (rectify) electrical signals or power.
A transistor is an electronic component used in a circuit to control a large amount of current or voltage with a small amount of voltage or current. Smaller in size, the transistor could easily be manufactured cheaply in large quantities. They had various operational advantages.A transistor is a type of a semiconductor device that can be used to both conduct and insulate electric current or voltage.Transistors can be easily damaged when electrical and thermal events arise. For example, electrostatic discharge in handling.Transistors are affected by cosmic rays and radiation.To more about transistors visit:
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what is the z -component of the electric field at a depth δ beneath the origin along the negative z -axis? express your answer in terms of some or all of the variables σ , r , δ , and the electric constant ϵ0 .
In this problem we have spherical symmetry, so we can apply Gauss theorem to find the magnitude of the electric field:
∫ E(r) . dr = q / ε₀
where the term on the left is the flux of the electric field through the gaussian surface, and q is the charge contained in the surface.
Here we are analyzing the field at a distance , so outside the solid ball. If we take a gaussian sphere with radius r, we can rewrite the equation above as:
E(r) . 4πr² = q/ε₀ (1)
where 4πr² is the surface of the sphere.
The charge contained in the sphere, q, is equal to the charge density times the volume of the solid ball, 4/3πr³ₐ:
q = ρ (4/3πr³ₐ) (2)
Combining (1) and (2), we find
E(r) . 4πr² = (4/3ρπr³ₐ) / (3ε₀)
E(r) = ρπr³ₐ / 3ε₀r²
And we see that the electric field strength is inversely proportional to the square of the distance, r.
B) Now we are inside the solid ball: . By taking a gaussian sphere with radius r, the Gauss theorem becomes
E(r) . 4πr² = q / ε₀ (1)
But this time, the charge q is only the charge inside the gaussian sphere of radius r, so
q = ρ(4/3πr³) (2)
Combining (1) and (2), we find
E(r) . 4πr² = 4ρπr³ / 3ε₀
E(r) = ρr / 3ε₀
And we see that this time the electric field strength is proportional to r.
C) E(0)=0.
limr→∞E(r)=0.
The maximum electric field occurs when r=rb.
From part A) and B), we observed that
- The electric field inside the solid ball (r <r ₐ) isρr / 3ε₀ (1)
so it increases linearly with r
- The electric field outside the solid ball ( r > rₐ) isE(r) = ρrₐ³ / 3ε₀r² (2)
so it decreases quadratically with r
--> This implies that:
1) At r=0, the electric field is 0, because if we substitute r=0 inside eq.(1), we find E(0)=0
2) For r→∞, the electric field tends to zero as well, because according to eq.(2), the electric field strength decreases with the distance r
3) The maximum electric field occur for , i.e. on the surface of the solid ball: in fact, for the electric field increases with distance, while for the field decreases with distance, so the maximum value of the field is for .
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[NOTE: THIS IS AN INCOMPLETE QUESTION. THE COMPLETE QUESTION IS: A solid ball of radius rb has a uniform charge density ρ.
Part A What is the magnitude of the electric field E(r) at a distance r>rb from the center of the ball? Express your answer in terms of ρ, rb, r, and ϵ0.
Part B What is the magnitude of the electric field E(r) at a distance r Express your answer in terms of ρ, r, rb, and ϵ0.
Part CLet E(r) represent the electric field due to the charged ball throughout all of space. Which of the following statements about the electric field are true?
Check all that apply.
E(0)=0.
E(rb)=0.
limr→∞E(r)=0.
The maximum electric field occurs when r=0.
The maximum electric field occurs when r=rb.
The maximum electric field occurs as r→∞.]
this wire has a 221 ma current moving to the right. ignoring any external fields, such as the earth, what is the magnetic force on a proton that is 5.8 millimeters from the wire and moving 5800 m/s?
The magnetic force on a proton that is 5.8 millimeters from the wire and moving 5800 m/s will be ( 7.15×10 ^−24)i^
Define magnetic field.
An electric charge, an electric current, and magnetic materials are all affected magnetically by a magnetic field, which is a vector field. A force perpendicular to the magnetic field and its own velocity acts on a moving charge in a magnetic field.
Assume the particle is at a distance d in the +y direction and the current is flowing in the +x direction (away from the wire). Afterward, the magnetic field at a proton's position with charge q is
B =(μ0 i/2πd) ^k
Thus,
F=qv × B
=qv ×(μ0 i/2πd) ^k
In this situation,
v =v(− j)
where v is the speed and is a positive value and q>0. Thus,
F =q(-j) ×(μ0 i/2πd) ^k
= − 4(π×10 ^−7 T.m/A)(0.221A)(1.60×10 ^−19)(5800m/s)i^/ {2π(5.8m)}
=( 7.15×10 ^−24)i^.
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at what speed do a bicycle and its rider, with a combined mass of 100 kg , have the same momentum as a 1800 kg car traveling at 4.8 m/s ?
Answer:
Explanation:
Given:
m₁ = 100 kg
m₂ = 1800 kg
V₂ = 4.8 m/s
____________
V₁ - ?
According to the condition of the problem, the momentum are equal:
m₁·V₁ = m₂·V₂
Speed:
V₁ = m₂·V₂ / m₁ = 1800·4.8 / 100 ≈ 86 m/s
if a diesel cycle and an otto cycle work at the same compression ratio, the ideal cycle with the lowest thermal efficiency is:
When a diesel cycle and Otto cycle work at the same compression ratio, the ideal cycle with the lowest thermal efficiency is Otto cycle because the area shown in the P-V graph for the same ratio is more than diesel cycle.
What is compression ratio?In an engine cylinder the ratio of maximum and minimum volume of the combustion chamber and cylinder is termed as compression ratio.
Hence, When a diesel cycle and Otto cycle work at the same compression ratio, the ideal cycle with the lowest thermal efficiency is Otto cycle because the area shown in the P-V graph for the same ratio is more than diesel cycle.
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a solid cylinder with a mass of 5 kg and a radius of 30 cm is rolling on a flat surface. the cylinder rolls with a speed of 2 m/s. what its kinetic energy?
The kinetic energy of the cylinder rolling is 10J
Rolling on a flat surface is a solid cylinder with a mass of 5 kg and a radius of 30 cm. 2 m/s is the rolling speed of the cylinder.
Due to frictional forces, when you slide an object over a surface (like a book over a table), it usually slows down quickly.
The frictional force acting provides the torque necessary for the object to begin rolling by causing it to change its angular momentum.
A moving object or particle has kinetic energy, which depends on both its mass and its rate of motion.
The type of motion could be vibration, rotation about an axis, translation (or motion along a path from one place to another), or any combination of these.
[tex]K.E=mv^2/2[/tex]
=[5 x 2 x 2]/2
=10 J
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A gas is taken through the cyclic process described in the figure. (The x axis is marked in increments of 2.5 m3.;) P (kPa) V (m3) (a) Find the net energy transferred to the system by heat during one complete cycle. (b) If the cycle is reversed-that is, the process follows the path ACBA-what is the net energy input per cycle by heat?
The correct solutions are -
(a) The net energy transferred to the system by heat during one complete cycle is 15 kJ
(b) The net energy input per cycle by heat is -15 kJ
The net energy transferred to the system is equal to work done. The work done will be calculated by the calculating the area enclosed in the figure.
The area = 1/2 × (8 - 2) × 5
Performing multiplication and division on Right Hand Side of the equation
Work done = 1/2 × 6 × 5
Work done = 3 × 5
Work done = 15 kJ
On reversing the cycle, the net energy input per cycle be heat will be -15kJ.
Hence, work done is 15 kj and net energy input is -15kJ.
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The complete question is attached in the figure.
Please hurry
Part A: A force of 8 N is exerted on a box with a mass of 2 kg. What is the acceleration of the
box?
Part B:If the box accelerates from rest to a velocity of 4 m/s, what is the impulse?
hope this helps solve your question
what is the potential energy u of the toy when the spring is compressed 3.2 cm from its equilibrium position?
Total energy in compressing a spring is [tex]kx^{2}/2[/tex].
When we compress or extend a stretched spring, we experience a force equal to that applied by us in the opposite direction.When a spring deviates from its mean position, it tends to restore its equilibrium by exerting a force equal and opposite to the external force. We have seen the application of spring force in bicycle carriers and launching devices where the energy gained by disturbing the equilibrium of the spring is utilized as its potential energy and converted to other forms.To know more about springs visit:
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consider an electron for which n 4, 3, and m 3. calculate the numerical value of (a) the orbital angular momentum and (b) the z component of the orbital angular momentum.
The L operates on [tex]\psi_3^3[/tex] eigenvalue will be equal to [tex]\sqrt{12}.[/tex]
z component of angular momentum is operates on [tex]\psi_3^3[/tex] gives [tex]L_z=3[/tex]
As per the data given in the question,
Quantum numbers of Electron n=4, l=3, and m=3.
Here, we need to find
(a) orbital angular momentum L and
(b) z component of orbital angular momentum [tex]\left(L_z\right)[/tex].
(a)
If orbital angular momentum (L) operates on spherical harmonic wave function of electron it gives an eigenvalue.
Then, we can write it as:
[tex]L^2 \psi_l^m=l(l+1) \hbar^2 \psi_l^m \\\\L \psi_l^m=\sqrt{l(l+1)} \hbar \psi_l^m[/tex]
Where, l is orbital quantum number and [tex]\hbar[/tex] is the reduced plank's constant.
We have l=3 and m=3
So,
[tex]& L \psi_3^3=\sqrt{3(3+1)} \hbar \psi_3^3 \\& L \psi_3^3=\sqrt{3(4)} \hbar \psi_3^3 \\& L \psi_3^3=\sqrt{12} \hbar \psi_3^3 \\& L=\sqrt{12} \hbar[/tex]
Therefore, the L operates on [tex]\psi_3^3[/tex] eigenvalue will be equal to [tex]\sqrt{12}.[/tex]
(b)
If z component of orbital angular momentum is operates on [tex]\psi_1^m[/tex], it give eigenvalue as follows,
[tex]L_z \psi_l^m=m_z \hbar \psi_1^m[/tex]
Here, [tex]m_z[/tex] is the magnetic quantum number.
[tex]L_z \psi_3^3=3 \hbar \psi_3^3 \\L_z=3 \hbar[/tex]
Therefore, if z component of angular momentum is operates on [tex]\psi_3^3[/tex] gives [tex]L_z=3[/tex]
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The numerical value of the orbital angular momentum is 1.8265719672742281e-34 J s, and the numerical value of the z component of the orbital angular momentum is 1.5818577255e-34 J s
The orbital angular momentum of an electron is given by the formula:
L = √l(l + 1) (h/2π)
where l is the orbital quantum number.
In this case, l = 3, so the orbital angular momentum is:
L = √3(3 + 1) (h/2π) = √12 (h/2π) = 1.8265719672742281e-34 J s
The z component of the orbital angular momentum is given by the formula:
Lz = m(h/2π)
where m is the magnetic quantum number.
In this case, m = 3, so the z component of the orbital angular momentum is:
Lz = 3(h/2π) = 1.5818577255e-34 J s
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what do asteroids and comets have in common? question 7 options: most are unchanged since their formation in the solar nebula. they have similar orbital radii. they have nothing in common with each other. they have a similar range of orbital inclinations.
The majority of comets and asteroids have not changed much since they were formed in the nebula.
What components make up comets?
The principal components of comets, which resemble dirty snowballs, are ice and freezing carbon dioxide, as well as some sand and biological molecules that were left over from Planetary System's origin. They function as "time capsules," revealing to us the circumstances of our Known Universe 4,5 billion years ago.
Which comet made the largest impact on Earth?
The nucleus of this comet has a diameter of 119 kilometers, according to recent measurements made the with Hubble Space Telescope. making it by far the largest comet ever discovered. Only 5 kilometers broad, the asteroid collision that triggered the last extinction event on Earth about 65 million years ago.
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Calculate the total mass of the protons and electrons in 19 9f. Use 1. 007825 amu as the mass of 11h (mass of a proton and an electron).
We can conclude that total mass of protons and electrons in is 9.07043 u.
What is Atomic mass ?
Atomic mass means the sum of total number of protons and neutrons present in an atom.
When an atom is neutral then number of protons equal the number of electrons.
Mass of a proton equals to 1.007276 u, mass of neutron equals to 1.008664 u.
For example, in a atom there are total 9 protons and number of neutrons is 19 - 9 = 10.
Since, it is a neutral atom so number of electrons will also be 9.
So, total mass will be calculated as follows.
Total mass = 9 (mass of electron + mass of proton)
= 9 (1.007825 u)
= 9.07043 u
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what method would astronomers use to find the distance to a galaxy so far away that individual stars are impossible to make out (resolve)?
The method would astronomers use to find the distance to a galaxy so far away that individual stars are impossible to make out (resolve) is finding the redshift .
What is meant by finding redshift ?A manifestation of the Doppler Effect is redshift. The sound or light waves that are released by an object as it moves away from us are stretched out, which lowers their pitch and causes them to migrate towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum, where light has a longer wavelength.
An important topic for astronomers is "red shift." The term can be taken literally; when the light's wavelength is stretched, the light is perceived as having "shifted" toward the red portion of the spectrum. When a source of sound moves in relation to an observer, sound waves experience a similar phenomenon.
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Mass (kg) Weight (N) 0.05 0.075 0.100 0.125 0.150 0.175 0.200 0.225 0.250 0.275 0.300 Displacement (Ay) 15 cm 23cm 30cm 40cm 48cm 55cm 63cm 71cm 80cm 90cm 97cm 1. Calculate the weight for each mass and fill in the middle column. Show the work for one of these calculations to receive credit. (5 points)
Here, we need to calculate weight.
Weight is given as the product of mass and gravity. This weight over here can also be denoted by force and it is said to be the force exerted by the bodies on the Earth.
If we take the gravity to be 10 m/s²,
then the weight for each given mass will be,
weight of 0.05 kg = 0.05*10 = 0.5 N
weight of 0.075 kg = 0.075 * 10 = 0.75 N
weight of 0.100 kg = 0.100 * 10 = 1 N
weight of 0.125 kg = 0.125 * 10 = 1.25 N
weight of 0.150 kg =0.150 * 10 = 1.5 N
weight of 0.175 kg = 0.175 * 10 = 1.75 N
weight of 0.200 kg = 0.200 * 10 = 2 N
weight of 0.225 kg = 0.225 * 10 = 2.25 N
weight of 0.250 kg = 0.250 * 10 = 2.5 N
weight of 0.275 kg = 0.275 * 10 = 2.75 N
weight of 0.300 kg = 0.300 * 10 = 3 N
Therefore, through this we got to know that the weight of the body is also the force exerted by the body on the Earth.
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what magnitude of current is required to produce 1.4 kg of sodium metal in one hour? express your answer in amperes to two significant figures.
The magnitude of the current required to produce 1.4 kg of sodium metal in one hour is 1398.38 Amps
Weight of Sodium = 1.4 kg = 1400 g
The molar mass of Sodium = 23 u
Moles of Sodium = 1400/23 = 52.174
No. of atoms of copper = 52.174 * 6.023 x[tex]10^{23}[/tex] = 3.14 x [tex]10^{25}[/tex]
Each copper requires a 1e charge,
So total charge = 1.602 x[tex]10^{-19}[/tex] * 3.14 x [tex]10^{25}[/tex]= 5034180.52 C
I = total charge/time
Electrical charge carriers, often electrons or atoms deficient in electrons, travel as current. The current is frequently represented by the capital letter I. The standard unit is the ampere, represented by the letter A.
So I = 5034180.52/3600 = 1398.38 Amps
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what evidence suggests that the protogalactic cloud that formed the milky way resulted from several collisions among smaller clouds?
The fact that the age and heavy element content of halo stars vary but do not appear to be correlated with the stars' distance from the galactic center indicates that the protogalactic cloud that gave rise to the Milky Way was the product of multiple collisions between smaller clouds .
How is it an indicating element?It makes plausible to think that the protogalactic cloud that gave birth to our Galaxy was nearly spherical given that the oldest stars, those in the halo and in globular clusters, are spread in a sphere of galaxy.Since the oldest stars in the halo are between 12 and 13 billion years old, we infer that the Galaxy first formed about that time.Other proof that galaxies in general started forming a bit more than 13 billion years ago can be found in the chapter on The Big Bang.The protogalactic cloud eventually condensed and created a thin revolving disk, much like in the case of star formation. Stars born before the cloud disintegrated did not take part in the disintegration, but have continued to orbit in the halo to the present day.Gas in the thin disk was broken up by gravitational forces into clouds or clumps with masses akin to star clusters. Later, these distinct clouds broke up even further to create stars.Due to the fact that the oldest stars in the disk are almost as old as the youngest stars in the halo, the collapse must have occurred quickly from an astronomical perspective, possibly taking only a few hundred million years.What are halo stars?The galaxy's outermost points, or halo stars, are simply regions where the imperium cannot spread since the astronomical's light does not shine. Several xenos races that the imperium has never encountered essentially make up its population.
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explain the difference between the if then block and the if then else block: how does each work? how do we know which to use?
If you want to tell a block of code to run only if a certain condition is true, use the if statement. If the same condition is false, use else to declare that a different block of code should be run.
The most fundamental control flow expression is the if-then clause. It instructs your software to run a specific chunk of code only when a specific test returns true. For instance, the Bicycle class might only permit the brakes to slow the bicycle down after it is moving.
When a "if" clause evaluates to false, an alternative path of execution is provided by the if-then-else statement. If the brakes are applied while the bicycle is not moving, you might use an if-then-else clause in the apply Brakes method to do some action.
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While roller-skating, Granny collides with her tiny grandson Ambrose who is at rest. Ignoring …
a. Granny catches him and they both move together.
b. he and Granny make a bouncing collision, each going in opposite directions.
Momentum is conserved when two moving objects of equal masses collide while traveling in the same direction. The impact between cars 1 and 2 causes car 2 to accelerate.
According to the rule of conservation of momentum, absent an external force, the combined momentum of two or more bodies operating upon one another in an isolated system remains constant. As a result, momentum cannot be gained or lost. Collisions between two objects naturally fall under Newton's third law of motion. When two objects collide, forces of equal magnitude and opposite direction are applied to each object. These forces frequently result in one object gaining momentum and speeding up while the other object slows down.
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a point mass is rotation about a rotation axis you increase its distance from that axis by a factor of two by what factor does its moement ofd inertia about that axis increase
When we increase the distance by two, the moment of inertia increases by a factor of four.
A measure of an object's resistance to changes in its rotating motion, the moment of inertia (commonly abbreviated as "I") is used in physics. It measures the amount of mass disposed about a rotational axis. The equivalent of mass in linear motion is the moment of inertia in rotational motion.
The idea of a moment of inertia is essential to rotational dynamics and is applied in many branches of mechanics, engineering, and physics. It is essential for understanding how spinning things such as wheels, gears, flywheels, and heavenly bodies like planets move.
The moment of inertia is given by:
I = mr²
Here, mass (m) and distance (d).
If we increase the distance from r to 2r. The new moment of inertial is:
I = m(2r)²
I = 4mr²
Hence, when we increase the distance by two, the moment of inertia increases by a factor of four.
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Cations are always _____ than the parent atom and anions are always _____ than the parent atom.
Cations are always smaller than the parent atom and anions are always larger than the parent atom.
What are cations and anions?Cations are positively charged ions i.e. one that would be attracted to the cathode in electrolysis while anions are negatively charged ions.
When a balanced atom loses one or more electrons, it will become a positively charged cation but it becomes negatively charged when it accepts one or more electrons.
Cations are always smaller than their parent atoms because they have lesser electrons, while their nuclear charge remains the same. On the other hand, anions are always larger because they have more electrons than their parent atoms.
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why can you assume that the Mechanical energy is equal to the Initial gravitational energy
The Mechanical energy is equal to the Initial gravitational energy as mechanical energy is stored in the object as gravitational potential energy.
What is law of conservation of energy?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, according to the rule of conservation of energy. However, it is capable of change from one form to another.
An isolated system's total energy is constant regardless of the types of energy present. The law of energy conservation is adhered to by all energy forms. The law of conservation of energy essentially says that:
The total energy of the system is conserved in a closed system, also known as an isolated system.
Therefore, in a closed system like the universe, if energy is lost in one area, energy must be gained in a different area of the system by an equal amount. There is no known instance of the conservation of energy being broken, despite the fact that it cannot be proven.
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the amount of heat necessary to change 1 kg of a liquid into a gas at the same temperature is called the
Latent heat of vaporisation is required for liquidation of bag per 1 kilogram.
What is latent heat of vapourisation?The amount of thermal energy produced when a gas condenses into a liquid or the amount needed for a liquid to evaporate into a gas is known as the latent heat of vaporization.
The enthalpy of vaporization is another name for the latent heat of vaporization. Steam burns are extremely harmful because of the high latent heat of vaporization that water has.
The energy required to change the state of 1 kg of a substance without affecting its temperature is known as the specific latent heat of that substance.
We can tell that the substance is being measured per unit mass due to the distinction from latent heat. Additionally, specific latent heat is a dense feature of matter because it is measured per unit mass.
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