Given in question ;
volume of ideal gas (v1) = 1.62 L
pressure on ideal gas (p1) = 1atm
volume of sample (v2) = to find
pressure of sample (p2) = 85 atm
As the Temperature is constant. Thus, we apply the Boyle's Law ; P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
To find V₂.
P₁V₁ = P₂V₂
(1 atm)(1.62 L) = (85 atm)(V₂)
V₂ = 1.62/85
V₂ = 0.019 L
Thus the volume of sample in ocean is 0.019 L.
What is Boyle's Law ?
Boyle’s law is a gas law which states that the pressure exerted by a gas (of a given mass, kept at a constant temperature) is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by it. In other words, the pressure and volume of a gas are inversely proportional to each other as long as the temperature and the quantity of gas are kept constant. Boyle’s law was put forward by the Anglo-Irish chemist Robert Boyle in the year 1662.
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5. determine the overall cell reaction and e°cell at 25°c of a galvanic cell made of a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution and a pb electrode in a 1.0 m pb(no3)2 solution.
The overall cell reaction and e°cell at 25°c of a galvanic cell made of a cd electrode in a 1.0 m cd(no3)2 solution and a pb electrode in a 1.0 m pb(no3)2 solution. D.) Pb2+(aq) + Zn(s) > Pb(s) + Zn2+(aq), In order for the cell to be galvanic, the overall cell potential must be a positive value and it must have redox half-cell reactions. The oxidation/reduction half-cell reactions occur as follows. Zn → Zn2+ + 2e- E0 = -(-0.76) V
(We reversed this because it is an oxidation reaction (as Zn oxidised with ease when compared to Pb), and the other is
Pb2+ + 2 e- → Pb E0 = -0.13 V (Reduction reaction).
A galvanic cell or voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that uses spontaneous redox reactions to transform chemical energy into electrical energy. Gadget cell The voltaic cell is an electrochemical device that uses chemical reactions to produce electricity. An electrochemical cell called a galvanic cell can generate electricity through a chemical reaction. In an electrolytic cell, a chemical reaction is propagated by an electric current. In this cell, chemical energy is transformed into electrical energy. Chemical energy is transformed from electrical energy by it. The anode of a galvanic cell will receive electrons as they enter. The anode is negatively charged because electrons are positively charged particles. The cathode operates similarly.
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the osmotic pressure, π , of a solution of glucose is 88.0 atm . find the molarity of the solution at 298 k .
The osmotic pressure, π , of a solution of glucose is 88.0 atm . the molarity of the solution at 298 K is 3.60 mol/ L
given that :
osmotic pressure of glucose = 88.0 atm
temperature = 298 K
the expression for the osmotic pressure is as follows :
π = i M R T
where ,
i = van't hoff's factor = 1
R = constant = 0.082 L atm / mol K
T = temperature = 298 K
π = osmotic pressure = 88.0 atm
M = molarity = ?
M = π / i RT
M = 88 / ( 1 × 0.082 × 298 )
M = 88 / 24.43
M = 3.60 mol /L
Thus, the molarity of solution is 3.60 mol/L
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which of the following is not a postulate or assumption of the kinetic molecular theory? select the correct answer below: pressure exerted by a gas in a container results from collisions between the gas molecules and the container walls molecules composing the gas are negligibly small compared to the distances between them gas molecules exert no attractive or repulsive forces on each other or the container walls all of the above are postulates
The right response to the preceding question is: "Repulsive forces on each other or the container walls, both of which are postulates."
The Kinetic Molecular Theory's five fundamental tenets are as follows:
1. The molecules that make up gases are constantly moving, moving straight forward, and only changing direction when they clash with other molecules or the walls of a container.
2. The gas's constituent molecules are minuscule in comparison to the spaces between them.
3. Molecules in a gas collide with the container walls to exert pressure on the walls of the container.
4. Since gas molecules are not attracted to or repelled by the container walls, their collisions are not caused by these forces.
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The kinetic atomic theory does not postulate or assume any of the aforementioned postulates.
What do collisions entail?In physics, collision, which is also known as impact, is the abrupt, violent coming together in close proximity or two substances, such as two pool cues, a club and a shot, a mallet and a nail, two train carriages when linked, or a falling item and a floor.
Why do objects collide?Road rage is the primary reason for car accidents. Speeding, disobeying traffic signs, making incorrect turns, and operating a vehicle while inebriated or on the influence of drugs are significant risk factors for car accidents.
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Joseph has found that when he passes a high voltage current through an evacuated tube, he can make a phosphor coating on one end of the tube glow. One day he makes the that if a metal shape is put in the middle of the tube, it casts a shadow on the phosphor coating.
The phosphor coating is shadowed when a metal form is placed in the center of the tube.
Who or what uses phosphor?The majority of the light emitted by fluorescent lamps is created by phosphor layers, which are also used to balance the light from metal halide lamps. To create multiple light hues, neon signs employ phosphor layers.
Phosphorus may be found where?The richest sources of phosphorus include dairy, red meat, poultry, shellfish, legumes, and nuts, while phosphorus is naturally present in a wide range of foods. It is referred to as organic phosphorus when it is present in certain meals. Foods from animals and plants both facilitate its absorption more effectively.
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cna someone find the charge of the metal in Ni(s) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) --> Ni(NO3)2(aq) + Pb(s)? Pls give step by step explanation of how you found it.
Explanation:
The nitrate ion is a radical with an overall charge of -1. To get the oxidation number of lead add up all the oxidation numbers and equate to zero. Where x= O.N of lead. Therefore the oxidation state of lead is +2.
the balance of aluminum is 3 in the balance of chlorine is 921 the formula for aluminum chloride is correctly written as
Aluminum chloride (AlCl₃) is a chemical compound formed from aluminum and chloride.
Aluminum chloride is a chemical compound that, while uncontaminated, is a white solid and, when contaminated with iron chloride, a yellow powder. The periodic table's group 13 and period 3 elements of aluminum and group 17 and period 3 elements of chlorine make up the entire formula for aluminum chloride.
Aluminum and chlorine ions combine to form aluminum chloride, a neutral ionic compound. Aluminum chloride has zero net charge overall. The chloride anion is a negatively charged ion Cl⁻, whereas the aluminum cation is a positively charged ion Al³⁺. The aluminium cation, which has three of its valence electrons transferred to chlorine, has more protons than electrons. Although it only requires one electron to reach the electron configuration of the noble gas argon, chlorine cannot accept more than one electron.
Hence, aluminum chloride is a neutral chemical compound
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in terms of bonding, simply explain why silicate materials have relatively low densities. (0.5 points)
Due to the interatomic Si-O bonds' substantial covalent character and directionality, which restricts the efficiency of atom packing, silicate materials have relatively low densities.
By sharing electrons among nearby atoms, covalent bonds produce a stable electron configuration. At least one electron from each atom will be shared by two atoms that are covalently connected. A 3D structure is created. The bonds between atoms are very directional because electrons are shared between them. Because of this directionality, atomic packing is less dense and results in low density.
The second most plentiful element on earth, silicon, is a crucial component of the mineral world. Due to its solid tetrahedral structure, it is very adaptable and used in a variety of ways in our daily lives.
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the heat capacity of a bomb calorimeter is found to be 5.68 kj/°c . when a 1.652 g sample of glucose, c6h12o6 , is burned in the calorimeter, the temperature of the calorimeter increases from 24.56 °c to 29.10 °c. calculate the ∆h for the following reaction: c6h12o6(s) 6o2(g) → 6co2(g) 6h2o(g)
The ∆ H of combustion reaction of C₆H₁₂O₆(s) + 6O₂(g) => 6CO₂(g) +6H₂O(g) is -42.6 kJ
Given
Heat capacity of glucose= 5.68 kj/°c
The mass of glucose = 1.652 g
Temperature changes = 24.56°C to 29.10°C
q = C mass ∆T
q = ∆ H
q = (5.68)(1.652)(29.1-24.56)
q = -42.6 kj
The heat energy released when one mole of a substance burns entirely in oxygen is known as the enthalpy of combustion of a substance. The temperature rise is measured as fuel burns. Calculating the enthalpy change of the reaction can be done using the mass of fuel that corresponds to the rise in temperature. Because combustion processes are exothermic, the enthalpy change (∆ H) value is always negative.
Hence, combustion reaction is exothermic reaction.
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a mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. the cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of . the cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (see sketch at right.) the temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that of heat flows into the system during the reaction. the position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does of work on the piston during the reaction. is the reaction exothermic or endothermic? exothermic endothermic does the temperature of the water bath go up or down? up down neither does the piston move in or out? in out neither does the reaction absorb or release energy? absorb release neither
The reaction is exothermic and therefore the temperature of the water bath go up.
What is exothermic reaction?A chemical reaction involves the movement of energy to or from the environment.
An exothermic reaction occurs when energy is transmitted to the environment, increasing temperature.
The reaction is exothermic because energy is released as a result of it.The released heat will be employed to operate on the piston and to raise the temperature due to the heat input from the eater bath, respectively.As a result, the bath's temperature will increase.
As was already indicated, the heat generated will exert force on the piston, causing it to move out.Energy produced during the reaction. Heat will therefore go from the gas combination to the bath.The solution is hence "out."
We know the released energy = work + heat supplied to the bath
energy = 390 kJwork = 117 kJClearly,
heat = energy - work
= (390 - 117) kJ
= 273 kJ
Thus, when the energy is absorbed by the system, a positive sign is assigned.
Therefore, the reaction absorb energy.
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malate is converted to oxaloacetate by malate dehydrogenase using the cofactor nad .nad . note that histidine is the base needed to start the reaction, and it is abbreviated as :b.:b. only the relevant portion of nad nad is shown.
NAD+ + malate → NADH + oxaloacetate
The reaction is catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, and is initiated by the binding of histidine (abbreviated as :b.:b.) to the enzyme. The reaction proceeds as follows:
:b.:b. + malate → :b.:b. malate
NAD+ + :b.:b. malate → NADH + oxaloacetate
What is Malate?
Malate is a type of organic acid found naturally in many plants, including apples and oranges. It is an intermediate metabolite in the citric acid cycle, a biochemical process by which energy is released from food molecules. Malate is also used as a food additive to enhance flavor and color and is often added to sports drinks and other beverages.
Define Histidine?
Histidine is an essential amino acid that is found in proteins. It is important for growth and repair of tissues, and it helps regulate the acid-base balance in the body. Histidine is also important for the production of both red and white blood cells, and it has roles in the nervous system, immune system, and digestive system.
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which of the following is not a network solid? a. elemental silicon, si(s) b. diamond, c(s) c. buckminster fullerene, c60(s) d. silicon dioxide, sio2(s) e. graphite
Buckminster fullerene is choice (c). A network solid is a substance that contains atoms bound together by covalent bonds in a continuous network that permeates the entire substance.
What are examples of network solids?Diamond is a typical example of a network solid (a form of pure carbon) At normal temperature, carbon occurs in three different states as a pure element: graphite (the most stable state), diamond, and fullerene.
What is the purpose of pure carbon?Coal, which is mostly composed of carbon, is used as a fuel. Graphite is used for electrodes, dry cells, high temperature crucibles, pencil tips, and lubricants. Due to their extreme hardness, diamonds are employed in both jewelry and industrial.
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a 3.50 gram sample of ch4 is burned in a calorimeter. the calorimeter is filled with 35.0 grams of water. the temperature of a calorimeter increases from 25.0°c to 30.0°c. calculate the energy lost or gained by the reaction.
The energy lost or gained by the reaction is 732.2 J.
Combustion enthalpy
The amount of heat that is evolved when a substance is burnt in the air at a constant pressure is known as the combustion enthalpy of the substance. Combustion enthalpy can be absorbed by another substance to raise its temperature and that can be determined by using the specific heat capacity of that substance.
Given,
Mass of CH₄ = 3.50 g
Mass of water, m = 35 g
Specific heat of the water = 4.184 J/g°C
T₁ = 25°C
T₂ = 35°C
Determine the heat absorbed by water by using the formula,
c = Q/[m(T₂-T₁)]
⇒ Q = cm(T₂ - T₁)
⇒ Q = 4.184 × 35 × (30 - 25)
⇒ Q = 4.184 × 35 × 5
⇒ Q = 732.2 J
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aqueous hydrobromic acid reacts with solid sodium hydroxide to produce aqueous sodium bromide and liquid water . what is the theoretical yield of sodium bromide formed from the reaction of of hydrobromic acid and of sodium hydroxide?
The theoretical yield of sodium bromide is 82.21 g.
Theoretical yield :
Sodium bromide formed from the reaction of 64.7g of hydrobromic acid and 53.4g of sodium hydroxide.
molecular weight of hydrobromic acid ( HBr ) = 80.9119 g/mol
molecular weight of Sodium bromide ( NaBr) = 102.894 g/mol
Now,
If 80.9 g of hydrobromic acid form 102.8 g of sodium bromide
∴ 64.7 g of hydrobromic acid form ( ? ) g of sodium bromide
= (64.7 × 102.8) / 80.9
= 82.21 g of sodium bromide
So, 82.21 g of Sodium bromide formed from the reaction of 64.7g of hydrobromic acid and 53.4g of sodium hydroxide.
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Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the decomposition of 1 mol calcite to carbon dioxide gas and solid calcium oxide at 25°c.
Entropy change is typically 160.6 J/K.
ΔH°reaction=∑ΔH°f(reactants)+∑ΔH°f(reactants)
What does a typical entropy mean?The entropy content of one mole of a pure substance at a standard condition of pressure and any desired temperature is known as the standard molar entropy in chemistry. These are frequently (but not always) used as the typical temperature and pressure.
How is the entropy of a reaction calculated?Take an energy reading at a given temperature to calculate entropy. To quantify thermal energy transmitted (q) at a particular temperature, a calorimeter is typically used. Maintain the temperature value mathematically constant by assuming only extremely slight variations in the process's conditions.
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A mixture of gaseous reactants is put into a cylinder, where a chemical reaction turns them into gaseous products. The cylinder has a piston that moves in or out, as necessary, to keep a constant pressure on the mixture of 1atm . The cylinder is also submerged in a large insulated water bath. (See sketch at right.) The temperature of the water bath is monitored, and it is determined from this data that 370.kJ of heat flows out of the system during the reaction. The position of the piston is also monitored, and it is determined from this data that the system does 316.kJ of work on the piston during the reaction
Since heat was moving through the system, the reaction would be endothermic. As heat left the water and entered the system, the temperature of the water bath would decrease.
Piston motion: inward or outward?A piston that is housed inside a cylinder and utilized in a gasoline engine with many sections. A piston is a rotating disk that is encased in a cylinder and sealed off from the atmosphere by piston rings. As a liquid or gas inside the cylinder expands and compresses, the disk moves inside the cylinder.
Is energy released or absorbed during the reaction?
Energy is needed to break the bonds in chemical reactions, and energy is released when new bonds form as a result of the process. In contrast to endothermic reactions, which absorb energy, exothermic reactions release energy.
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refer to the neutralization of nitric acid by sodium hydroxide discussed in the introduction. calculate the heat of reaction (in kj) when 44.4 ml of 1.3 m nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6 m sodium hydroxide.
The heat of reaction when 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide is 1.65 KJ/mol.
The neutralization reaction of HNO₃ and NaOH takes place according to the reaction as,
HNO₃+ NaOH → NaNO₃ + H₂O
So, as we can see, one mole of HNO₃ reats completely with one mole of NaOH.
The heat of reaction is the heat the heat released when one mole of HNO₃ completely reacts with one mole of NaOH. For one mole, the heat of reaction is 53.7 KJ/mol
Now, in this case 44.4 ml of 1.3M nitric acid reacts with 51.5 ml of 0.6M sodium hydroxide.
So, millimoles of HNO₃ are 57.59 millimoles.
Now, millimoles of NaOH are 30.9 millimoles.
So, because NaOH is limiting reagent, so,
The heat of the reaction will be,
Heat of reaction = 53.7 x 1000 x 30.9/1000
Heat of reaction = 1.65 KJ/mol.
So, the heat of the reaction is 1.65 KJ/mol.
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the formal charge on nitrogen in no3- is . question 22 options: a) -2 b) -1 c) 1 d) 2 e) 0
The formal charge on Nitrogen in no3- is 1.
The number of electrons that an atom "owns" is subtracted from the overall number of valence electrons to determine the formal charge that is given to it. The total of the unshared valence electrons plus half of the shared valence electrons is the number of electrons that are considered to be "owned" by a particular element.
Formal charge =( valence electrons - Non-bonding electrons-Bonding electrons/2)
For Nitrogen = 5 - 0 - 8/2
= +1
For single bonded oxygen = 6 - 6 - 2/2
= -1
For double bonded oxygen = 6 - 4 - 4/2
= 0
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Other than a nuclear power plant find two other applicants of fission.
A naturally occurring sample of an element contains only two isotopes. The first isotope has a mass of 68.9255 amu and a natural abundance of 60.11%. The second isotope has a mass of 70.9247 amu. Use this information to answer the following questions. Calculate the atomic mass of the element, to 4 significant figures. Include the unit, amu, in your answer below. Give the full name for the element that exists as these two isotopes. Explain how you determined the element name in the above question.
The atomic mass of the element, to 4 significant figures is 69.72 amu and the element is Gallium.
A mass for an atom is called its atomic mass. The unified atomic mass unit, which is not a SI unit but rather a non-SI counterpart of the dalton, is a common way to represent atomic mass, even though the kilogram is the SI unit of mass. A carbon-12 atom that is unbound and in its ground state has a mass of 112 of a gramme (Da). The single atom of a chemical element has a mass known as the atomic mass. Protons, neutrons, and electrons, three subatomic atomic particles with atomic masses, are involved.
With the chemical symbol Ga and atomic number 31, gallium is one of the elements. Gallium, a member of the periodic table's group 13 and a metal, was first discovered by the French chemist Paul-Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in 1875.
abundance of second isotope = (100 - 60.11) = 39.89 %
atomic mass of element = 68.9255 * (60.11 / 100) + 70.9247 * (39.89 / 100)
= 69.72 amu (answer)
since the atomic mass of the element, 69.72 amu, matches that of gallium.
so, name of the element is Gallium and symbol is Ga
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when you reach the temperature of the what point, you become a liquid?
Answer:
depends on what the substance is for example iron has a 2,800F melting point
Explanation:
nitrogen oxide can be generated on a laboratory scale by the reaction of dilute sulfuric acid with aqueous sodium nitrite: 6 nano2(aq) 1 3 h2so4(aq) 88n 4 no(g) 1 2 hno3(aq) 1 2 h2o(,) 1 3 na2so4(aq) what volume of 0.646 m aqueous nano2 should be used in this reaction to generate 5.00 l of nitrogen oxide at a temperature of 20°c and a pressure of 0.970 atm?
Number of moles is 0.202 mol.
The balanced equation for a reaction is represented as follows:
6 NaNO, (aq) +3 H₂SO₄, (aq) -> 4 NO(g)+2HNO, (aq)+2 H₂O (D)+3 Na SO, (aq) The number of moles of nitrogen oxide (NO) can be calculated using ideal gas equation which is represented as follows:
PV =NRT
Here,
P =pressure of a sample of gas
V = volume of a sample of gas
N = number of moles of gas present
T= absolute temperature
R =universal gas constant= 0.08206 L atm mol⁻¹ k⁻¹
The equation is solved for and then substituted with known values as follows:
no of moles := PV/RT = (0.970*5.00) / (0.08206 *293) =0.202 mol
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for the electron in the hydrogen atom, which of the sets of observables below are compatible observables?
For the electron in the hydrogen atom, the sets of observable below are compatible observable is-
The total energy, the magnitude of the orbital angular momentum and its component along the z-axis.
What is the charge of an electron in hydrogen atom?A hydrogen atom has one positively charged proton and one negatively charged electron, making it overall neutral. The hydrogen ion has an electric charge of one when it loses that one electron to become an ion.
In hydrogen gas, each hydrogen molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms that are bound together. Similarly, two oxygen atoms combine to form an oxygen molecule.
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how many monochloro substitution products are produced when the alkanes below are chlorinated? consider constitutional isomers only, ignore stereoisomers.
When the alkanes below are chlorinated they produce 3 monochloro substitution products. These isomers have the same chemical formula, but their atoms arrangements are different.
What are constitutional versus isomeric isomers?
Although structural (constitutional) isomers share the same chemical formula but their atoms are bonded in a different way. Stereoisomers have the same atomic configurations and chemical formulae. The groups' spatial orientation is the only thing which distinguishes the molecules distinguishes them from one another.
What are instances of stereoisomers?
According to the general definition of stereoisomers, stereoisomers are isomers with the same composition (i.e., the same parts), but different orientations in space. Stereoisomers are of two different types which are enantiomers and diastereomers.
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what is the molarity of an hcl solution if it takes 25.00 ml of a 0.750 m naoh solution to neutralize 10.00 ml of the hcl solution?
1.875M is the molarity of an HCl solution if it takes 25.00 ml of a 0.750 m NaOH solution to neutralize 10.00 ml of the HCl solution
The Balanced reaction for the equation is given by:
HCl+NaOH⇌H₂O+NaCl
It is given that the molarity of NaOH is 0.750M, the volume of HCl is 25ml, the volume of HCl to be neutralized is 10ml.
Then, By titration:
We know that,
Molarity = n/V
n = Molarity x V
0.025 L of 0.750 mol/L of NaOH = No of moles of NaOH
No of moles NaOH = 0.025 x 0.750
No of moles of NaOH = 0.01875 mol
Then it can be written that,
0.01875 mol NaOH and 1 mol HCl/1 mol NaOH = 0.01875 mol HCl
Now,
0.01875 mol HCl / 0.010 L = 1.875M HCl
Therefore, the molarity is 1.875M
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All of the following species contain N-O bond(s): NO-, NO2-, NO3-
Draw the Lewis structure(s) for each, then answer the following questions
Which has the strongest N-O bond? --
A. NO⁻
B. NO₂⁻
C. NO₃⁻
Which has the longest N-O bond? --
A.NO⁻
B.NO₂⁻
C. NO₃⁻
Lewis structure of NO⁻, NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻ are attached to this answere below.
The higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.
The bond order for NO⁻ is [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{1 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/1 = 3
The bond order for NO₂⁻ is [tex]\frac{3 electrons}{2 bonding.group}[/tex] = 3/2 = 1.5
The bond order for NO₃⁻ is [tex]\frac{4 electrons}{3 bonding.group}[/tex] = 4/3 = 1.33
Here, you can see the bond order decreases as the number of oxygens in these compounds increases and we know higher the bond order, the stronger the bond and thus the shorter the bond.
So, NO₃⁻ has lowest bond order that means it has longest and weak bond After NO₃⁻, NO₂⁻ comes and it has stronger bond than NO₃⁻ and shorter Bond length than NO₃⁻. NO⁻ has shortest and strongest bond among all three.
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a 2.25-g sample of magnesium nitrate, mg(no3)2, contains mol of this compound. question 20 options: 0.0152 65.8 38.4 148.3 0.0261
a 2.25 g sample of magnesium nitrate contains 0.0152 mol of this compound.
CalculationThe given amount of sample is 2.25 g.
The given sample is Mg(NO3)2.
The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is the sum of the atomic mass of each atom present in Mg(NO3)2.
The molar mass of Mg(NO3)2 is 148.3 g/mol.
The mole of Mg(NO3)2 is determined as follows:
Mole= Mass/Molar mass
On substituting known values;
Mole= 2.25g/148.3g/mol
Mole=0.0152mol
So, the mole magnesium nitrate is 0.0152.
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lone pairs present in trigonal bipyramidal electron-pair geometry always occupy which position? A. equatorial B. axial C. central D. none of the above
The Lone pairs present in trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry always occupies equatorial position.
In the trigonal bipyramidal electron pair geometry, the electrons which do not forms Bond with any other atom are called lone pair of electron.
These lone pair of electrons generally goes to the equatorial position of the geometry.
They do so because the equatorial geometry provides them the maximum stability as we know that The Lone pair-lone pair repulsion is more than the bond-pair Bond pair repulsion.
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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
What is resonance hybrid?Resonance structures are a collection of two or more Lewis structures that together represent the electronic bonding of a single polyatomic species, including fractional bonds and fractional charges.
When a single Lewis formula with an integral number of covalent bonds is used, resonance structures can describe delocalized electrons that cannot be described by that formula.
Are there any partial charges in resonance hybrids?
There must never be any net formal charge in a resonance structure. The net partial charge on an atom, on the other hand, is the weighted average of the formal plus partial charges on that atom in each resonance contributor. Individual atoms, however, may have partial formal charges.
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which best explains the following trend? element b.p. (k) he 4 ne 25 ar 95 kr 125 xe 170 a. intramolecular forces b. dipole-dipole interaction c. hydrogen bonding d. le chatelier's principle e. none of these
London force best explains the following trend - element b.p. (k) He 4 Ne 25 Ar 95 Kr 125 Xe 170.
The least powerful intermolecular force is the London dispersion force. When the electrons in two nearby atoms occupy positions that cause the atoms to temporarily form dipoles, the consequence is the London dispersion force, a transient attractive force. The term "induced dipole-induced dipole attraction" is frequently used to describe this effect. When the temperature is sufficiently dropped, London forces—attractive forces—cause nonpolar substances to condense into liquids and to freeze into solids.
When an atom or molecule's electrons are dispersed asymmetrically around the nucleus, an instantaneous (temporary) dipole can form due to the electrons' continual mobility.
Thus London force best explains the following trend- element b.p. (k) he 4 Ne 25 Ar 95 Kr 125 Xe 170.
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If 3.21 moles of ammonia gas occupy 5.22 L at 50.0oC, calculate the pressure of the gas using the ideal gas equation AND by using the van der Waals equation. Compare each value to the actual measured pressure of 15.4 atm under these conditions.
R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1, for ammonia under these conditions,
a = 4.17 atm L2 mol-2 and b =0.0371 L mol-1.
The pressure of the gas using the ideal gas equation and by using the van der Waals equation is 2.52 atm and 0.164 atm.
What is ideal gas equation?Ideal gas equation is defined as the state equation for a fictitious perfect gas. Although it has significant drawbacks, it is a decent approximation of the behavior of many gases under various conditions.
Given n = 3.21 moles
V = 5.22 L
T = 50 °C
R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1
a = 4.17 atm L2 mol-2
b = 0.0371 L mol-1
Ideal gas equation
PV = nRT
P = nRT / V
P = 3.21 x 0.0821 x 50.0 / 5.22
P = 2.52 atm
Van der Waals equation
P = RT / V - b - a / V²
P = 0.0821 x 50.0 / 5.22 - 0.0371 - 4.17 / ( 5.22 )²
P = 0.317 - 0.153
P = 0.164 atm
Thus, the pressure of the gas using the ideal gas equation and by using the van der Waals equation is 2.52 atm and 0.164 atm.
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