What is the primary mechanism associated with the role of fluoride in prevention of dental caries? a. Fluoride increases calcium absorption, which increases crystal formation of teeth b. Fluoride increases salivation which aids in the removal of bacteria and the foods needed to sustain bacterial growth c. Decay is reduced due to the inhibitory effects of fluoride on growth of bacteria on the teeth d. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay e. Decay is inhibited due to neutralization of organic acids produced by bacteria on the teeth
Answer:
d. Fluoride becomes incorporated into the crystalline structure of teeth, making them less susceptible to decay
Explanation:
Dental caries results when cariogenic (caries-causing) bacteria metabolize carbohydrates or sugars present in the mouth for their energy needs, producing organic acids as byproducts, thus lowering the pH of the plaque biofilm.
The hydroxyapatite of tooth enamel is composed mainly of phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and calcium ions (Ca⁺). Under normal conditions, there is a stable equilibrium between the calcium and phosphate ions in saliva and the crystalline hydroxyapatite. At low pH (acidic conditions), there is a shift in equilibrium resulting in the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from tooth enamel, a process known as demineralization. A reverse process called remineralization (the process of incorporation of minerals in tooth enamel) occurs when the saliva, acting as a buffer elevates pH. When equilibrium is shifted to favor continued demineralization, dental caries results.
However, when fluoride is present in saliva, fluorapatite, rather than hydroxyapatite, forms during the remineralization process as fluoride ions replace hydroxyl groups in the formation of the apatite crystal lattice.
Fluorapatite is less soluble than hydroxyapatite making it more resistant to demineralization, even under conditions of low pH. Thus, fluoride acts as an effective anticaries agent.
discuss the characteristics of phylum mollusca
Answer:
The body is soft and unsegmented. Body is divisible into three regions – head, a visceral mass, and ventral foot. Body is covered by a mantle and shell. They can be found in different habitats, both aquatic and terrestrial.
Which resource is nonrenewable? A. Wind B. Trees C. Coal D. Soybeans
PLEASE I BEG YOUUUU HELP
Answer:
C
Explanation:
which one contains many organelles with different functions prokaryotic cell eukaryotic cell
Answer:
Eukaryotic Cell
Explanation:
Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, such as the nucleus, while prokaryotic cells do not. Differences in cellular structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes include the presence of mitochondria and chloroplasts, the cell wall, and the structure of chromosomal DNA.
what does transportation help in ascent of sap?
Evaporation of water molecules from the cells of a leaf creates a suction which pulls from the xylem cells of the roots.Thus,the transpiration helps in the absorption and upward movement of water and minerals dissolved in it from roots to leaves in the help of ascent of sap .
may this was ur answer
HELP PLS!!! (PSYCHOLOGY) I'LL GIVE YOU BRAINLIEST IF UR RIGHT!!
Nate is a teacher who has been in the dassroom for 25 years. When a new teacher is hired, he offers to be a mentor because he loves helping new teachers get inspired about working with children. He wants to help make sure that the teaching profession remains high quality. How would Erikson MOST likely describe Nate's efforts?
A.) Nate is working en generativity.
B.) Nate is working on ego integrity.
C.) Nate is working on intimacy.
D). Nate is working on acceptance
Answer:
A.) Nate is working on generativity
Explanation:
Generativity is the ability to provide care or concern for younger or older genrations. Nate offers to be the mentor because he loves helping the new teachers get inspired about working with children. According to Erik Erikson theory of psychosocial development, generativity can refer to "making your mark" or impact on the world through creating or nurturing things that will outlast in an individual/individuals.
An earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 5 releases ______ more energy than an earthquake with a Richter magnitude of 3.
a. 900
b. 27000
c. 30
d. 2
Answer:
b
Explanation:
What is an amniotic egg?
Answer: The amniotic egg was an evolutionary invention that allowed the first reptiles to colonize dry land more than 300 million years ago. Fishes and amphibians must lay their eggs in water and therefore cannot live far from water. ... Within the chorion is the amnion, the membrane for which the amniotic egg is named.
Explanation:
Check Check Match the function to the correct part of the cell. DNA controls the activities of the cell nucleus supports and protects the organelles in the cell cytoplasm contains instructions on how a cell functions
Answer:
DNA- contains instructions on how a cell functions
Nucleus- controls the activity of the cell
Cytoplasm- supports and protects the organelles in the cell.
Explanation:
Hope it helps you. Please mark as the brainliest. Thanks.
Answer:The answers are right js did on edge Thanks !!!
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
3 (dominant) 1 (recessive)
Explanation:
Help fast plz!!!
In a population of moths, wing color became darker over time. Which of the
following is the best evidence that the change in wing color was an evolutionary change?
a) The size of the moth population changed.
b) The average length of the moths' dark wings increased.
c) The number of eggs that females laid during each breeding season increased.
d) The frequencies of the alleles for dark wing color in the moth population
changed.
Answer:
d) The frequencies of the alleles for dark wing color in the moth population
changed.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
It would best describe how or what made the moths have more dark/darker collored wings overtime.
What is homeostasis?
[tex]\huge\text{Hey there!}[/tex]
[tex]\large\text{What is \underline{Homeostasis}?}[/tex]
[tex]\large\text{Homeostasis is the self-processing in the biotic structured which}\\\large\text{tended to perpetuate (maintain) rationally while it is modified}\\\large\text{its conditions that can be prototypical for surviving}[/tex]
[tex]\large\text{Homeostasis has.... }\\\bullet\large\text{ Controllable center(s)}\\\bullet\large\text{ Effectors}\\\bullet\large\text{Variables (aka Homeostasis)}\\\bullet\large\text{ Receptors}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Good luck on your assignment and enjoy your day!}[/tex]
~[tex]\frak{Amphitrite1040:)}[/tex]
[tex]\large\text{Here is what each of your features of homeostasis means}\downarrow[/tex]
Cellular Respiration and Energy
Answer:
answers answers answers
Explanation:
1. carbohydrate
2.store energy
3.chemical energy
4. food
5. glucose
6. cellular respiration
7. ATP
Does someone knows this question
Answer:
D. Viruses can have a lipid envelope derived from the host cell membrane. So they have the same phospholipids and glycoproteins (they also have specific viral proteins)
8.
Waste products that are easily broken down by nature are
hazardous
toxic
biodegradable
recyclable
Please Help!
Who would be best qualified to consult on a case requiring forensic entomology?
A. A person with a Master's Degree in Entomology and less than a year's experience in Forensic Entomology.
B. A person with a Doctor's Degree and Membership in a Professional Society of Forensic Entomology.
C. A person with a Bachelor's in Entomology, but no experience in Forensic Entomology.
D. A person with a Doctorial Degree in Entomology and a Certificate in Forensic Entomology.
D. A person with a Doctoral Degree in Entomology and a Certificate in Forensic Entomology.
They will know the most about forensic entomology compared to the rest of the options.
A person with a Doctorial Degree in Entomology and a Certificate in Forensic Entomology. Hence option D is correct.
What is Entomology ?Entomology is defined as the investigation of insects and how they interact with people, the environment, and other living things. Entomology is employed extensively in a wide range of fields, including evolutionary biology and medical research, in addition to studying the anatomy and physiology of insects. It aids agricultural entomologists in their research on biodiversity as well as in the protection of priceless resources from insect pests.
Forensic entomology is defined as the study of arthropods, particularly insects, connected to criminal activity and other judicial issues. An essential tool in the examination of homicide, self harm, and other violent crimes is forensic entomology. When properly gathered and examined by skilled forensic investigators, insect evidence found on a victim's corpse can provide important information.
Thus, a person with a Doctorial Degree in Entomology and a Certificate in Forensic Entomology. Hence option D is correct.
To learn more about Entomology, refer to the link below:
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A group of students used this diagram to classify three organisms into different kingdoms which table identifies the three kingdoms
Answer:
Answer is c. fungi, protista and plantea
The hormone insulin is secreted by the pancreas. Which activity is MOST likely to
trigger an increase in the levels of insulin circulating in the blood?
O A. driving
B. eating
O C. jogging
OD. sleeping
Answer:
Eating
Hope this helps! <3
how do genes create traits in a organism
Answer:
Like chromosomes, genes also come in pairs. Each of your parents has two copies of each of their genes, and each parent passes along just one copy to make up the genes you have. Genes that are passed on to you determine many of your traits, such as your hair color and skin color.
is this what you are looking for
B. Suspension c. Solution
D. Saturated solution
5. Which is a solvent in a cup of coffee?
A. coffee
B. creamer
c. sugar
D. water
6. Why should you shake the liquid medicine before drinking?
A. To make it effective. C. To mix the suspended particles at the bottom.
B. To make it taste better. D. To make it clear.
7. What should be done in a liquid medicine before drinking it?
A. Drink right away after opening. C. Let it stand for 3 minutes
B. Shake well
D. All of these
8. Which of the following is called a universal solvent?
A. water 8. gasoline C. juice D. diesel
m-Directions: For items 1-5 What method are you going
Answer:
5.c 6.c 7.b 8.a
Explanation:
I hope it helps u :)
describe how you would test a sample of powdered milk to see if it contained protein
Answer:
How would you contained protein
Explanation:
One would test a sample of powdered milk to see if it contained protein by using copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide solution.
What is protein?A structure composed of amino acids. The body need proteins to function properly. They serve as the building blocks for several bodily components, including the skin, hair, and enzymes, cytokines, and antibodies.
An essential component of a balanced diet is protein. Amino acids are the chemical "building blocks" that make up proteins.
Amino acids are used by your body to create hormones, enzymes, and to build and repair muscles and bones. They can be utilized as a source of energy as well.
The test can be done as:
To your meal solution, add a few drops of copper sulfate solution. A few drops of sodium hydroxide solution should be added. Protein is present in the food if the solution becomes purple.Thus, using copper sulfate solution and sodium hydroxide test, one can determine the protein content in the sample.
For more details regarding protein, visit:
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what is a example of acceleration?
Answer:
For example, if a car turns a corner at a constant speed, it is accelerating because its direction is changing. The quicker you turn, the greater the acceleration. So there is an acceleration when velocity changes either in magnitude or in direction, or both.
Explanation:
hope this helps... (i can't see the pic...)
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Wrong answers only!!! What is the main source of surface water turning into underground water?
Answer:
Birds + planes = chicken
Explanation:
If you divide the air density by the amount of dirt on the sun, you get three roasted turkeys and a new haircut.
Answer:
Hey you forgot the part were you stuff the candle with cotton and then square the amount of laptops you have then divide by the amount of iphones produced by the worms that eat batteries to get the answer chicken AND 3 marked white vans but the catch is there are not white they are actually red
Explanation:
ASAP PLS HELP !!! Jfndndbrhdbdbr pls
What is the main reason to put a telescope in space?
A.
It is much closer to the stars.
B.
It can receive star light that cannot reach Earth.
C.
Light reaching it is not affected by the movement of air.
D.
It can detect objects behind the moon.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The main reason we put telescopes into space is to get around the Earth's atmosphere so that we can get a clearer view of the planets, stars, and galaxies that we are studying. Our atmosphere acts like a protective blanket letting only some light through while blocking others.
An igneous rock has a coarse texture and is dark in color. How else can this rock be accurately described?
small crystals
cooled quickly
produced from magma
formed at Earth’s surface
Answer:
C. produced from magma.
D. formed at Earth’s surface
Explanation:
Earth crust refers to the outermost layer or thin shell which makes up the earth such as sedimentary, metamorphic and igneous rocks.
The Earth crust is typically made up of two (2) main types;
1. Oceanic crust: this crust has a thickness ranging from 5 km to 10 km and comprises of denser rocks such as diabase, gabbro and basalt.
2. Continental crust: this crust has a thickness ranging from 30 km to 60 km and comprises of minerals such as quartz, silicate, feldspar, aluminum and less dense rocks such as granite
An igneous rock has a coarse texture and is dark in color. Also, an igneous rock can be accurately described as being produced from magma and formed at Earth’s surface.
Answer:
Produced from magma
Explanation:
I got it right on the test hope this helps
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Please Help!!!
How many ATP can be obtained from the complete beta-oxidation and metabolism of one 16-carbon fatty acid molecule?
Answer:
read ex
Explanation:
129 ATP
Which of the following tropisms are the
same as geotropism?
a. thigmotropism
b. hydrotropism
c. phototropism
d. gravitropism
Answer:
d
Explanation:
d.gravitropism as it's both going downwards
Photo synthesis is impossible at a depth of 1000 b/c ? A. It is too hot B. Only blue light penetrates this far C. No light penetrates this far D. It is too cold
Answer:
B. Only blue light penetrates this far
Explanation: