In acquiring a chromatogram on your vitamin c samples, two parameters need to be set: the time window and the activity rate threshold.
Chromatography is the approach. A chromatogram is an output (made from that approach). The chromatograph is the device this is used to generate the chromatogram.
Chromatography may be used as an analytical tool, feeding its output into a detector that reads the contents of the mixture. it is able to additionally be used as a purification tool, isolating the components of an aggregate for use in different experiments or strategies.
In chemical evaluation, chromatography is a laboratory approach for the separation of a mixture into its additives. The combination is dissolved in a fluid solvent known as the mobile section, which incorporates it thru a machine on which a material called the stationary segment is fixed.
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Which type of atom is typically released when a uv photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon?.
When a UV photon interacts with a chlorofluorocarbon, a chlorine atom is typically released.
When a UV photon interacts with a CFC, it can break the bond between the chlorine and fluorine atoms, resulting in a chlorine atom being released.
What are chlorofluorocarbons?Are a group of man-made compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine atoms. They are released into the atmosphere primarily through the use of aerosol products, refrigeration, and air conditioning systems, and are known to be extremely damaging to the ozone layer.
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Which of the following refers to the motion of an object falling straight down
with only the force of gravity acting on it?
OA. Free fall
OB. Air resistance
OC. Gravity
OD. Projectile motion
The hydrogen ion concentration of a sodium hydroxide solution is 0.00050 M. How is this concentration written in scientific notation?
A. 5.0 x 10⁻⁴M
B. 50 x 10⁴ M
C. 5.0 x 10⁴ M
D. 50 x 10⁻⁴M
Answer:
A. 5.0 x 10⁻⁴M
Explanation:
Move the decimal point in 0.00050 M to the right, counting the steps required, until it is to the right of the first non-zero number, 5 in this case.
0.00050 M becomes 00005.0 M if we move the decimal point 4 spaces to the right. Moving to the right means taking a negative 1 step each time, The resulting count is -4, since we moved the decimal - 4 steps. This becomes the exponent for the 10: 10^-4. The 5.0 is attached to the 10^-4 to yield 5.0x10^-4 M, the answer.
need help chemistery
Answer:
they're good I guess
Explanation:
different
10.0 grams of octane are burned in a bomb calorimeter containing 2.00 × 102 g h2o. if the water temperature increases from 25.00oc to 37.00oc, how much energy was released by the system? [shw = 1.00 cal/(g•°c)]
As octane is burned in a calorimeter, the amount of energy released by the system is 10,533.6 J.
A calorimeter refers to a device used in the process of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes and heat capacity. It measures the volume and heat released during a certain time interval. The heat energy q which is absorbed or released from a reaction can be determined using total mass m, specific heat capacity c and temperature change ΔT which is given by:
q = mcΔT.
According to the provided information,
The total mass, m = 10g + 200g = 210g
The specific heat capacity of water, c = 4.18 J/°C g
The change in temperature, ΔT = 37 – 25 = 12°
Hence, the heat energy released is:
q = 210 × 12 × 4.18 = 10, 533.6 J
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a 2.50-l volume of hydrogen has a pressure of 0.113 atm at 21 °c i (a) what is the pressure if the gasis warmed to 100 °c at constant volume (b) what is the pressure if the volume is increased to 7.00-l at constant temperature (c) what is the temperature if the volume is decreased to 1.30-l at constant pressure (d) if the amount of gas is doubled, what volume would be needed to maintain the pressure at ,113 atm and the temperature at 21 °c
(a) The pressure of the gas if warmed to 100 °C at constant volume will be 0.743 atm.
(b) The pressure of the gas if the volume is increased to 7.00-L at constant temperature will be 0.016 atm.
(c) The temperature if the volume is decreased to 1.30-L at constant pressure will be -33.9 °C.
(d) If the amount of gas is doubled, the volume needed to maintain the pressure at 0.113 atm and the temperature at 21 °C will be 5.00-L.
What is Hydrogen?
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, accounting for approximately 75% of all matter. It is a non-toxic, colourless, odourless, and tasteless gas.
Hydrogen is the lightest element and the most basic of all atoms, with one proton and one electron. It is extremely flammable and, when combined with oxygen, can result in the formation of water and other compounds. Many everyday items, such as fertiliser, plastics, and fuel, contain hydrogen. It's also used as a fuel source in fuel cells, which can generate both electricity and heat.
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when 10.58g h2react by the following balanced equation, 32.8g h2o are formed. what is the percent yield of the reaction?
The percent yield of the reaction is 65.7%.
Considering the equation:
2H₂(g)+O₂(g)⟶2H₂O(l)
Assuming there is an oversupply of oxygen, 2 moles of hydrogen will result in 2 moles of water.
We must determine theoretical yield in order to determine the reaction's percent yield (The yield assuming all hydrogen reacts producing water). We can calculate percent yield as 100 times the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield using theoretical yield and actual yield (32.8g H₂O).
Theoretical yield-
5.58 mol of H₂:
5.58g H₂ times 1 mol/2.016g equals 2.768 moles of H₂.
If all hydrogen interacts, it will result in 2.768 moles of H₂O since 2 moles of H₂ generate 2 moles of H₂O. By weight:
(18.015g / mol) x 2.768 moles H₂O =
the theoretical yield is 49.86g H₂O
Yield percentage:
Actual yield divided by theoretical yield multiplied by 100 equals the percent yield.
32.8g H₂O / 49.86g ₓ 100 =65.7%
The percentage yield of the reaction is 65.7%
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Julio has started his very own floral business. He sells centerpieces for $19. 50 each. His fixed costs are $500 per month, and each centerpiece cost $8 to produce.
Julio established his very own floral shop. He charges $19.50 for each centerpiece. Each centerpiece he produces costs $8, and his fixed monthly expenses total $500.
The total cost, C, is the sum of the cost to produce the centerpieces and the fixed cost. The equation for C is C = 8n + 500.
The total revenue, R, of Julio's floral business is the product of the cost per centerpiece and the number of centerpieces sold. The equation for R is R = 19.50n.
$19.50x - $8x-500 = 0 (Break even) x+=+500%2F11.50
25P - 25*8 - 500 = 0 (Break even with 25 sold P+=+700%2F25 = $28
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suppose that you obtain 0.15 g of aspirin after starting with the hydrolysis of 0.30 ml of methyl salicylate. calculate the percent yield.
While obtaining 0.15 g of aspirin after starting with the hydrolysis of 0.30 ml of methyl salicylate, the percent yield is 35.7%.
What is percent yield?The measure of the quantity of moles of a product formed in relation to the reactant consumed is called percent yield. This takes place in a chemical reaction and is expressed as a percentage.
The formula for percent yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield × 100
Calculation:Methyle salycltae
Molecular weight = 152.15g/mol
Density = 1.184 g/ml
Mass of methyl salicylate= 0.3× 1.184 = 0.355g
Moles of methyl salicylate= 0.355g/152.15 g/ml = 0.00233 mol
Theoretidal yield = miles × product × molecular weight
= 0.002334× 180.158
= 0.420 g
%yield = actual yield/ theoretical yield × 100
= 0.15 g / 0.420 g × 100
= 35.7%
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examine the case of h2. enter the following information from the table. use numerical values, not words. Number of bonding electrons =__ Number of antibonding electrons =__ Bond order =___
In chemistry, molecular orbital theory is a method for using quantum mechanics to describe the electronic structure of molecules. It was proposed in the early twentieth century. The atomic orbitals combine to form the molecular orbital. The electrons of molecules fill the new energy states of the molecular orbitals in the same way that the energy states of the atomic orbitals are filled.
The number of molecular orbitals produced is always equal to the number of atomic orbitals brought by the combining atoms. Bonding molecular orbitals have less energy than parent orbitals, while antibonding orbitals have more energy.
Bond order is the number of electron bonding pairs that exist between two atoms. A single bond has a bond order of one in a covalent bond between two atoms, a double bond has a bond order of two, a triple bond has a bond order of three, and so on.
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consider three 1-l flasks at stp. flask a contains nh3 gas, flask b contains no2 gas, and flask c contains n2 gas. in which flask are the molecules most ideal in behavior?
We know that STP, Standard temperature and pressure (STP) refers to the nominal conditions in the atmosphere.
These conditions are 0 degrees Celsius and 1 atmosphere (atm) of pressure for a gas.
And 1 mole of gas occupies 22.4 L at STP.
So, in given question we can say that each gas has 1/22.4 moles.
And the number of moles is the same so is the number of molecules of each of the three gases.
But if we see the three Ammonia, Nitrogen dioxide, and Nitrogen gas.
The Electronegativity difference is minimum in nitrogen gas.
Because of the least polarity in molecules of N₂ makes it the most ideal behavior out of all three of the gases.
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when 13.8 ml of 0.870 m lead(ii) nitrate reacts with 90.0 ml of 0.777 m sodium chloride, 0.279 kj of heat is released at constant pressure. what is δh° for this reaction?
At constant pressure, 0.279 kg of of heat are produced if 13.8 ml of got its start m lead(ii) nitrate interacts and 90.0 ml of stars m chloride, releasing 23.3 kJ.
What is an illustration of pressure?An easy way to demonstrate pressure is to put a knife against some fruit. If you place the flat part of the blade against the fruit, the skin won't be cut. A large area is covered either by energy (low pressure).
Describe pressure.The physiological force applied to an object is referred to as pressure. Per unit area, a perpendicular force is delivered to a surface of the objects. F/A seems to be the primary formula for pressure (Force per unit area). Pascals are a pressure unit (Pa).
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The complete question is-
When 13.8 mL of 0.870 M lead(II) nitrate reacts with 90.0 mL of 0.777 M sodium chloride,0.279 kJ of heat is released at constant pressure.
What is ΔH° for this reaction?
Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaCl(aq) → PbCl2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)
(a). 23.3kJ
(b). 8kJ
(c). 1.84kJ
(d). 3.41kJ
(e). 4kJ
Soaps form micelles when added to water and can be used to remove dirt or grease from surfaces. The dirt or grease molecules get trapped inside the micelle and can be easily washed away using water.
Which of the following statements are correct concerning the use of soap to remove dirt or grease from an object?
-The core of a micelle is formed by hydrocarbon chains.
-The polar end of a soap particle interacts with the water molecule.
-The dirt particles are generally nonpolar.
-Soaps have a polar end and a nonpolar end.
Soaps form micelles when added to water and can be used to remove dirt or grease from surfaces. The dirt or grease molecules get trapped inside the micelle and can be easily washed away using water.The core of a micelle is formed by hydrocarbon chains.
A chemical substance that is solely made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms is referred to be a hydrocarbon. Crude oil, natural gas, coal, and other significant energy sources are all made of hydrocarbons, which are substances that exist in nature.
The body's ability to absorb complex fats and fat-soluble vitamins depends on the creation of micelles. Micelles of fatty acids can develop thanks to the bile salts that the gall bladder and liver produce and exude.
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how many protons would iron need to lose to become a form of potassium?
Iron need to lose 7 protons to become a form of potassium.
What is electron, proton and neutron?The atom's building blocks are the electron, proton, and neutron. A core nucleus with neutrons and protons makes up the atom. The nucleus is surrounded by electrons. Electrons are negatively charged, while proton and neutron are positively charged. An atom's nucleus is made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons.
The term proton derives from pro.ton 'pro-tän, which has a mass of 1.673 × 10⁻²⁷ kilogram.
As we know, atomic number of iron (Fe) is 26.
Thus, a neutral atom of iron has 26 protons, 30 neutrons, and 26 electrons.
Also, atomic number of potassium (K) is 19.
Thus, a neutral atom of potassium has 19 protons, 20 neutrons, and 19 electrons.
So, iron need to lose 7 protons to become a form of potassium.
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what atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between c1 and c2 in ethane, ch3ch3? orbital on c1 orbital on c2 what is the approximate h-c1-c2 bond angle?
The atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between C1 and C2 in ethane , CH₃ - CH₃ are one s orbital and 3 p orbital.
The carbon single bond carbon are saturated hydrocarbon. the atomic orbital involves in the hybridization is one s orbital and 3 p orbital . the hybridization is sp³. the ethane molecule, CH₃ - CH₃ , both the carbon in the ethane molecule are sp³ hybridize. the approximate bond angle of the H - C1 - C2 bond is 109.5°.
Thus, the atomic hybrid orbital in C1 - C2 of ethane molecule is 1 s orbital and 3 p orbital. the hybridization of the both the carbon atoms in ethane is sp³ hybridize.
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what is it called when a plane goes 2 as fast as sound
a weak base has a base hydrolysis constant, Kb , of 3.6×10−6. what is the ph of a 0.24 m solution of the weak base? ph
The pH of a weak base solution at 0.24M is 10.962.
How does pH work?A measurement of a solution's acidity or alkalinity that is equal to the common logarithm of the reciprocal of the amount of hydrogen ions present in the solution in moles per cubic decimeter. A pH of 7 refers to pure water, a pH of less than 7 to acid solutions, and a pH of more than 7 to alkaline solutions.
What pH range is ideal?A good balance of acidity and alkalinity is something that the human body is designed to do on its own. The kidneys and lungs play a significant role in this process. On a scale of 0 to 14, where 0 is the most acidic and 14 is the most alkaline.
Breif:
Kb = 3.5X 10^ —6
Concentration, C= 0.24M
Since it's basic solution, there will be OH ^-
But,[ OH-] = √KbC
= √(3.5×10−6 X 0.24 ) = 9.1652 X10^ —4
[OH- ] = 9.1652 X10^ —4
POH = -log[OH- ]
= -log (9.1652 X10^ —4) = 3.038
POH = 3.038
From PH + pOH =14, PH = 14 - pOH
PH = 14 — 3.038 = 10.962
pH = 10.962
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21 SEP Construct an Explanation At high altitude, the boiling point of
water changes. Does it go up or down? Why? How would this affect
cooking on a mountain? Explain why the boiling point changes at
higher altitude and design a solution to this cooking problem.
The air pressure at high altitudes is quite low when compared to that at sea level. Compared to cooking at sea level, cooking at high altitudes is different.
Water at high altitudes boils at a lower temperature as a result. Lower air pressure results in a faster rise of water to the boiling point.
At a greater altitude, there is less energy and consequently less heat, hence water will boil at a lower temperature.
Any liquid's boiling point is determined by the amount of air pressure pressing against its surface. The higher the pressure, the more energy is needed for liquid molecules to flee the top and form a gas, and as a result, the higher the temperature at which the liquid boils.
What is boiling point?
Boiling point is the temperature at which a liquid's internal pressure equals the external pressure exerted by the liquid's vapour; in this situation, the addition of heat causes the liquid to turn into its vapour without rising the temperature.
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identify the characteristics of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene. group of answer choices markovnikov, with rearrangement possible markovnikov, with no rearrangement possible anti-markovnikov, with rearrangement possible anti-markovnikov, with no rearrangement possible
The characteristics of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene is the characteristics of the acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene
The net addition of water across the double bond can convert alkenes to alcohol. This change can be attained in a number of different ways. Hydration of alkene is the process of adding water to alkenes in a definite amount to convert alkene to alcohol. This method is often used for the preparation of alcohol from alkene.
The acid catalyst dissociates to give a H+ ion in solution - this H+ can be shown alone, but is typically attached to water to form an H3O+ hydronium ion.
Reaction undergoes carbocation rearrangement due to carbocation intermediates
The carbocation intermediate is a sp2 hybridised molecule. This allows water to attack the top or bottom of the racemic product.
This is a solvolytic reaction in which the solvent (water) is involved in the reaction.
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if the equilibrium constant of a given reaction is 2.54, what is the equilibrium constant of its reverse reaction?
The equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is 0.394.
It is given that the equilibrium constant for the forward reaction is 2.54. Then the equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is calculated by taking the reciprocal of the equilibrium constant of the forward reaction. This is given by,
K reverse = 1/K forward
On Substituting we get,
K reverse = 1/2.54
K reverse = 0.394
Therefore, the equilibrium constant of the reverse reaction is 0.394.
Generally, the equilibrium of a chemical reaction is given by the equal concentrations of reactant and the product during the reaction. This can be expressed as,
The concentration of reactants = concentration of products
Therefore the equilibrium constant of the reactant side will be reciprocal of the product side.
The reaction side is the forward reaction and the product side is the reverse reaction.
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Write the complete electron configuration of the nitrogen ion.
Answer:
Nitrogen (N)
Atomic number – 7
mass number – 14
Electronic configuration – 2,5
Explanation:
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What is the equilibrium? Does the safe's owner believe the thug's threat? Does the safe's owner open the safe? What is the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium? A. The Nash equilibrium is for the owner to open the safe and for the thug to only kill if the owner does not open the safe. B. The Nash equilibrium is for the owner to open the safe and for the thug to kill regardless of whether the owner opens the safe. C. The Nash equilibrium is for the owner to not open the safe and for the thug to only kill if the owner does not open the safe. D. The game does not have a Nash equilibrium. E. The Nash equilibrium is for the owner to open the safe and for the thug to not kill regardless of whether the owner opens the safe.
The thug will only murder if the owner opens the safe, according to the Nash equilibrium, which calls for the owner to do so. The game lacks a Nash equilibrium.
What exactly is equilibrium?Chemical equilibrium refers to the situation in a chemical process where both the reagents are present at levels that have no additional tendency to change over time, preventing any discernible change in the system's properties.
What elements influence equilibrium?The system's heat, pressure, and concentration all have an impact on equilibrium. The game's equilibrium is disturbed when one these possible unintentional, and it adjusts until it finds equilibrium once more.
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When metallic aluminum is added to a solution containing iron(ii) sulfate a reaction occurs. What species is being oxidized in the overall reaction?.
Aluminium will be oxidized in the given reaction of aluminium and the solution containing iron sulphate.
What is oxidation and reduction in a chemical reaction?The chemical reaction known as an oxidation reaction occurs when an atom loses one or more of its electrons. During this reaction, the atom's oxidation number rises.
The chemical reaction known as a reduction reaction is one in which an atom obtains electrons. During this reaction, the atom's oxidation number decreases.
The given overall chemical reaction is:
[tex]2Al(s) + 3 FeSO_{4}(aq.)[/tex] → [tex]Al_{2}(SO_{4} )_{3}(aq.) + 3Fe(s)[/tex]
It is a redox reaction. The oxidation and reduction reactions for the above reaction are:
Half oxidation reaction- [tex]Al[/tex] → [tex]Al^{3+} + 3e^{-}[/tex]
Half reduction reaction- [tex]Fe^{2+} + 2e^{-}[/tex] → [tex]Fe[/tex]
As aluminium becomes an aluminium cation, it loses three electrons. As a result, it is oxidising. 2 electrons are being added to iron to produce iron anion. As a result, it is decreasing.
Also, aluminium is the one in the solution with the greatest oxidation potential. Thus, aluminium is being oxidized.
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Choose the right electron configuration of xenon with the abbreviation of the previous noble gas to represent inner-shell electrons. a. [Kr]5s^2 4f^10 5p^6 b. [Kr]5s^2 4d^10 5p^6 c. [Kr]5s^2 5p^6 d. [Kr]5s^2 4d^8 5p^6 6s^2
c. [Kr]5s^2 5p^6 electron configuration of xenon with the abbreviation of the previous noble gas to represent inner-shell electrons.
Xenon is a rare, inert, colorless, tasteless, and chemically inert gas. Before Neil Bartlett reported on the synthesis of xenon haxafluoroplatinate in 1962, it was thought to be entirely inert. When stimulated by an electrical discharge, xenon produces blue light within a gas-filled tube. There are not many commercial applications for xenon.
The smallest atom-building block, the electrons has a negative charge. A neutral atom has an equal amount of protons and electrons. For instance, the hydrogen atom only has one proton and one electron.
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carbocations are frequent intermediates in reactions of alkenes and alcohols of alkenes and alcohols im acidic media. what kind of things might carbocation do??
Carbocations may not react with any thing by any means as they are stable because of loosing proton to form an alkene.
Definition of carbocation
An intermediate molecule which is composed of a carbon (C) atom that exhibits positive charge is known as a carbocation.
A carbocation may also exhibit three (3) different chemical bonds.Some of the examples of carbocation molecules are methenium CH⁺₃, and/or methanium CH⁺₅.Carbocations behaves as frequent intermediates in acidic reactions of alkenes, alcohols, etc. These carbocations do not react by any means because they are stable by losing proton to form an alkene and are not form by any of these processes sometimes they rearrange themselves to form & more stable carbocations.
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a tank holding 4.00 moles of helium gas at 77 °c has a pressure of 4.20 atm. how big is the tank in liters?
A tank holding 4.00 moles of helium gas at 77 °C has a pressure of 4.20 atm. the tank in liters is 27.33 L
given that :
moles of the helium gas = 4 mol
temperature of helium ga = 77 °C = 77 + 273 = 350 K
pressure of the helium gas = 4.20 atm
using the ideal gas equation , we get :
P V = n R T
V = n R T / P
V = (4 × 0.082 × 350 ) / 4.20
V = 27.33 L
Thus, the volume of the helium gas is 27.33 L.
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How many unhybridized p orbitals are there around the central atom of beryllium chloride, becl2?.
Around the centre beryllium atom, there are two zones of electron density that will arrange themselves in a linear geometry. There must be two unhybridized p orbitals in BeCl2 since beryllium must be sp hybridised.
The areas of electron density are corresponding to hybridised orbitals. The number of unhybridized p orbitals can be calculated by deducting the number of electron density regions from the maximum number of hybridised 1s and 3p orbitals, which is 4.
What is the unhybridized orbital?
The common atomic orbitals that we are familiar with are those that are not hybridised. Orbitals that are hybridised are made up of a variety of unhybridized orbitals. These orbitals aid in determining the shape of molecules by illuminating the actual bonding process.
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Due to periodicity, which of the following elements has chemical behavior similar to that of fluorine? Potassium Chlorine Magnesium Iron
Fluorine and chlorine, the following element, have comparable chemical properties.
How do we define "chemical"?Chemicals are thought to include any substance whose composition is known. A chemical, to put it another way, always contains the same "stuff." Some chemicals can be found in natural things like water. Numerous chemicals, including chlorine, are created (used for bleaching fabrics or in swimming pools).
An illustration of a chemical would be.A chemical is composed of one element or any combination of these components. As an illustration, the molecule of oxygen in the air is always composed of two distinct oxygen molecules. A chemical can exist in many different forms, but an element is the most basic since it is used to create additional compounds.
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there are three different dichloroethylenes (molecular formula c2h2cl2), which we can designate x, y, and z. compound x has no dipole moment, but compound z does. compounds x and z each combine with hydrogen to give the same product: c2h2cl2(x or z) h2 → clch2―ch2cl what are the structures of x, y, and z? be sure to include lone pair electrons.
In three different dichloroethylenes,Y has two Cl in same C, X has one Cl in each C on the opposite side of double bond(cis) and Z has one Cl in each C on same side of double bond (trans).
Describe the dipole moment using an example?The symmetry of the molecules is established using the dipole moment. The molecules would not be symmetrical and have some dipole moment if they contained two or more polar links. H2O is 1.84 D, whereas CH3Cl, or methyl chloride, is 1.86 D.
How are cis and trans configurations found?Take a look at the longest double-bonded :The isomer is a cis alkene if two groups (connected to the double bond's carbons) are on the same side of the double bond. The isomer is a trans if the two groups are on opposing sides of the double bond.
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The radius of a circular oil slick on the surface of a pond is increasing at the rate of 10 meters/min. At what rate is the circle's area changing when the radius of the oil slick is 20 m. ?.
The circle's area changing when the radius of the oil slick is 20 m is 1256 m/min.
Given
[tex]\frac{d r}{d t}=10 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min}$$[/tex]
We have to find [tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}$[/tex] at r=20 metrs
Now [tex]$A=\pi r^2$[/tex]
[tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}=2 \pi r \frac{d r}{d t}$[/tex]
At [tex]$\mathrm{r}=20 \mathrm{~m}$[/tex]
[tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}=2 \pi \times 20 \times 10=400 \pi$[/tex]
[tex]$\frac{d A}{d t}=1256$[/tex]
Answer [tex]$1256 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{min}$[/tex]
The radius of a circle is the separation between any two points on its circumference. R or r is typically used to indicate it. a line segment connecting a circle, sphere, or object's centre to its perimeter or bounding surface. The circle's centre is where the diameter, which is a straight line, lies. Half of the diameter makes up the radius. It begins at one of the circle's points and comes to a conclusion there.
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