Tongue
The four intrinsic tongue muscles work together to give the tongue great flexibility.
The nervous system must receive and process information about the world outside in order to react, communicate, and keep the body healthy and safe. Much of this information comes through the sensory organs: the eyes, ears, nose, tongue, and skin. Specialized cells and tissues within these organs receive raw stimuli and translate them into signals the nervous system can use. Nerves relay the signals to the brain, which interprets them as sight (vision), sound (hearing), smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), and touch (tactile perception).
1. The Eyes Translate Light into Image Signals for the Brain to Process
The eyes sit in the orbits of the skull, protected by bone and fat. The white part of the eye is the sclera. It protects interior structures and surrounds a circular portal formed by the cornea, iris, and pupil. The cornea is transparent to allow light to enter the eye, and curved to direct it through the pupil behind it. The pupil is actually an opening in the colored disk of the iris. The iris dilates or constricts, adjusting how much light passes through the pupil and onto the lens. The curved lens then focuses the image onto the retina, the eye’s interior layer. The retina is a delicate membrane of nervous tissue containing photoreceptor cells. These cells, the rods and cones, translate light into nervous signals. The optic nerve carries the signals from the eye to the brain, which interprets them to form visual images.
2. The Ear Uses Bones and Fluid to Transform Sound Waves into Sound Signals
Music, laughter, car honks — all reach the ears as sound waves in the air. The outer ear funnels the waves down the ear canal (the external acoustic meatus) to the tympanic membrane (the “ear drum”). The sound waves beat against the tympanic membrane, creating mechanical vibrations in the membrane. The tympanic membrane transfers these vibrations to three small bones, known as auditory ossicles, found in the air-filled cavity of the middle ear. These bones – the malleus, incus, and stapes – carry the vibrations and knock against the opening to the inner ear. The inner ear consists of fluid-filled canals, including the spiral-shaped cochlea. As the ossicles pound away, specialized hair cells in the cochlea detect pressure waves in the fluid. They activate nervous receptors, sending signals through the cochlear nerve toward the brain, which interprets the signals as sounds.
3. Specialized Receptors in the Skin Send Touch Signals to the Brain
Skin consists of three major tissue layers: the outer epidermis, middle dermis, and inner hypodermis. Specialized receptor cells within these layers detect tactile sensations and relay signals through peripheral nerves toward the brain. The presence and location of the different types of receptors make certain body parts more sensitive. Merkel cells, for example, are found in the lower epidermis of lips, hands, and external genitalia. Meissner corpuscles are found in the upper dermis of hairless skin — fingertips, nipples, the soles of the feet. Both of these receptors detect touch, pressure, and vibration. Other touch receptors include Pacinian corpuscles, which also register pressure and vibration, and the free endings of specialized nerves that feel pain, itch, and tickle.
4. Olfaction: Chemicals in the Air Stimulate Signals the Brain Interprets as Smells
The sense of smell is called olfaction. It starts with specialized nerve receptors located on hairlike cilia in the epithelium at the top of the nasal cavity. When we sniff or inhale through the nose, some chemicals in the air bind to these receptors. That triggers a signal that travels up a nerve fiber, through the epithelium and the skull bone above, to the olfactory bulbs. The olfactory bulbs contain neuron cell bodies that transmit information along the cranial nerves, which are extensions of the olfactory bulbs. They send the signal down the olfactory nerves, toward the olfactory area of the cerebral cortex.
5. Home of the Taste Buds: The Tongue Is the Principal Organ of Gustation
What are all those small bumps on the top of the tongue? They’re called papillae. Many of them, including circumvallate papillae and fungiform papillae, contain taste buds. When we eat, chemicals from food enter the papillae and reach the taste buds. These chemicals (or tastants) stimulate specialized gustatory cells inside the taste buds, activating nervous receptors. The receptors send signals to fibers of the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves. Those nerves carry the signals to the medulla oblongata, which relays them to the thalamus and cerebral cortex of the brain.
Answer:
The motion of a mouse
Explanation:
Ik This is for A-P-3-X
Keep on cheating guys whatever it takes to pass :)
My dog whom I've had since before I was born is about to die. Does anyone have any help or tips? Thank you so much for helping. This means a lot.
Answer:
spend as much time with your loyal pet
Explanation:
make them feel safe and comfortable since it is their last moments on earth. cherish them. hope everything turns out fine for you
Answer:
sorry i though you said she or he die you have to make that last times with he or she the best ones
Explanation:
What term do sociologists use to describe when people act together?
A. Comradeship
B. Compromise
C. Chaos
D. Collectivity
Answer:
d
Explanation:
Sociologists study human behavior, organization, and interaction. They monitor the operations of social, religious, political, and economic institutions and groups. Collectivity is the term that sociologists use to describe when people act together.
What comes under sociology?Sociology is the study of social life, social change, and the social causes and consequences of human behaviour.
Sociologists look at how people interact in groups, organizations, and communities.
The term that sociologists use to denote the act of people together is collectivity.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Which describes the relationship between human beings and the Earth system?
A. Human actions affect the Earth system only minimally and temporarily.
B. Human actions are influenced by the Earth system but do not affect it.
C. Humans are a part of the Earth system, and their actions affect its parts.
D. Humans are independent of the Earth system.
Therefore, the correct option here is option "c"
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Which sector creates the most fossil fuel emissions?
agriculture
transportation
electricity generation
industry
Answer:
transportation
Explanation:
Transportation (28.2 percent of 2018 greenhouse gas emissions) – The transportation sector generates the largest share of greenhouse gas emissions.
hope this help
How does condensation occur?
Water vapor rises from Earth's surface into the sky.
Water vapor cools and forms water droplets in clouds.
Water droplets fall to the ground from the sky.
Water runs across Earth's surface.
Answer:
1. Answer is B.
Explanation:
2. Bro this is something for the physics section, not biology.
Answer:
B.
Explanation:
Water vapor cools and forms water droplets in clouds. :o)
Hope it helps!
Why are dark colored pocket mice found in the dark, rocky areas of the desert?
their fur is that color so they can camoflaugue with their surroundings
Answer:
Because God put them there on purpose. For example, they could hide in little tunnels in the ground to hide from predators, and also, so it could camoflauge with it's surroundings. Have a great day!
Explanation:
(:
which drug is a depressant?
a) nicotine
b)alcohol
c)caffeine
d)antibiotic
What is herd immunity, and why are vaccines important for achieving herd immunity?
Answer:
Herd immunity is a form of indirect protection from infectious disease that can occur with some diseases when a sufficient percentage of a population has become immune to an infection, whether through vaccination or previous infections, thereby reducing the likelihood of infection for individuals who lack immunity.
Explanation:
Vaccines create immunity without causing illness or resulting complications. Herd immunity makes it possible to protect the population from a disease, including those who can't be vaccinated, such as newborns or those who have compromised immune systems.
Which of the following energy transformations occur when humans use energy from food to exercise?
A. Mechanical - thermal - chemical
B. Thermal - electrical - mechanical C.Radiant - mechanical - thermal
D. Chemical - mechanical - thermal
Answer:
D. Chemical - mechanical - thermal
Explanation:
Food contains chemical energy; when our bodies break down and digest food, the bonds that are broken apart release chemical energy. Our bodies convert this to mechanical energy to power movement, from movements as small as blinking or our hearts beating, to bigger movements like running or swimming. When we exercise or move, we also release heat which is thermal energy.
The energy transformations that occur when humans use energy from food to exercise is: D. Chemical - mechanical - thermal.
What is energy?Energy can be defined as the ability to do work. Thus, energy must be possessed or transferred to a physical object (body) before it can be used in doing a work or heating a system.
The forms of energy.In Science, there are different forms of energy and these are;
Gravitational energyElectrical energySound energyChemical energyThermal energyMechanical energyIn conclusion, the energy transformations that occur when humans use energy from food to exercise is chemical energy to mechanical energy and lastly to thermal energy.
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how will photosynthesis affect oxygen levels?
(also if anyone could help me with the rest of these answers, that would be great <3)
The process of photosynthesis positively affects the level of oxygen in the ecosystem. This is because oxygen is the byproduct of the photosynthesis mechanism along with the main product known as Glucose.
What is Photosynthesis?Photosynthesis may be defined as a process through which green plants and some photosynthetic algae synthesize their own food in the form of glucose with the help of carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.
The complete reaction of photosynthesis si as follows:
[tex]6CO_2+12H_2O[/tex] → [tex]C_6H_1_2O_6+6O_2+6H_2O.[/tex]With the help of this reaction, this is determined that if the rate of photosynthesis increases, the level of oxygen is positively affected which means it is also increasing. It is opposite to the process of cellular respiration which involves oxygen as a reactant.
Therefore, the process of photosynthesis positively affects the level of oxygen in the ecosystem.
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What occurs when mitosis keeps dividing?
The diagram below shows part of the process of DNA transcription. Which
mRNA base will go in location 3
DNA
TGTGTGAL
ACACAC123
-
mRNA
O A. Cytosine
OB. Thymine
O C. Uracil
D. Adenine
SUBMIT
Answer: The correct answer is D. Adenine
Explanation:
There are two types of nucleic acid ribonucleic aid and deoxyribonucleic acid. There are four types of nucleotides which make the DNA and these are adenine, guanine, thymine, and cytosine.
Adenine and thymine make complementary base pairing with each other and guanine and cytosine make complementary base pairing with each other in DNA.
In RNA against adenine, uracil comes and against thymine adenine comes. Therefore as at location 2 thymine is present in DNA so in RNA against it adenine will come.
hope this helps
In DNA transcription, Adenine mRNA base will go in location 3 DNA. Therefore, option (D) is correct.
What do you mean by DNA transcription?The process by which information in a DNA strand is copied into a new molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA) is known as transcription. DNA safely and stably stores genetic material as a reference, or template, in the nuclei of cells.
Because it is the primary point at which the cell regulates which proteins are to be produced and at what rate, the initiation of transcription is an especially important step in gene expression.
The process by which RNA polymerase rewrites the genetic information in DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA) is known as DNA transcription. This mRNA then, at that point, leaves the core, where it goes about as the reason for the interpretation of DNA.
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What is the difference between between pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein? (I will mark you as brainleist)
The pulmonary veins transport oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs, while the pulmonary arteries move deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.)
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A trait that occurs in 900 individuals out of a total of 1,800 individuals occurs with a probability of
A. 0.04.
B. 0.25.
C. 0.50.
D. 0.75
Answer:
C. 0.50
Explanation:
Since 900 is 1/2 of 1,800, it happens half of the time so the probability is 0.5
hope this helps chu <3
Explain the relationships and trade-offs among amounts of skin pigmentation, Vitamin D production, and protection from UV radiation.
Answer:
Ultraviolet radiation leads to DNA mutations in the melanocytes, which are skin cells that contain melanin. Melanin level is inversely associated with the ability of skin cells to produce vitamin D
Explanation:
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a well-known environmental factor that causes mutations in the DNA of melanocytes, which are skin cells that produce melanin. Moreover, melanin is a protective pigment whose main function is to block UV radiation, thereby protecting the body from DNA damage and, consequently, from cancer (skin cancer). Abundant melanin levels can decrease the ability of the body to synthesize vitamin D, the only vitamin that can be synthesized with sunlight. In consequence, darker skin is associated with a higher risk of having vitamin D deficiency.
which type of tooth is mainly responsible for mechanical digestion
Describe the impact of human activities on natural resources;
consider energy, mineral, forest, marine, over population and over fishing.
Answer:
As the human population has grown, the need for more land has caused an increase in the cutting down of forest lands for habitation and farming. The result has been an increase in soil erosion, an increase in species extinction from habitat loss, and a reduction of oxygen supplied by the trees, as well as lower amounts of carbon dioxide being removed from the atmosphere. Industrial and personal use of fossil fuels has dramatically increased the amount of air pollution in the atmosphere while systematically using up the supply of the non-renewable resources such as coal, oil and natural gas
Explanation: Hope this helps! ^^
Explanation:
where os an area where fresh water meets salt water
a. Intertidal zone
b. coral reef
c. estuary
d. plankton
e. kelp forest
f. nertic zone
g. open ocean
Answer:
c. estuary
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Which of the following is one stage of the cell cycle? (3 points)
a
Cytokinesis
b
Multiplication
c
Photosynthesis
d
Respiration
Answer: Its A
Explanation:
Why are trees generally measured at 4 feet, six inches feet from the ground?
Answer:
Trees are generally measured at 4 feet, six inches feet from the ground because trees are generally a bit wider at the bottom where the roots begin to spread, so choosing a point at which all trees are measured is one way to keep documentation consistent. 3.
Explanation:
Answer:
Because trees are generally a bit wider at the bottom, where the roots spread
Explanation:
The state of no longer existing
Sedimentary Layers
Fossils
O Diversity
O Extinction
O Fossil Record
why is it important that your goals should be measura
ble
Answer:
Measurable goals are important in order to clearly identify exactly what it is you want to achieve and when the goal has been achieved. Having a measurable goal can improve excitement and motivation, because you know when you've reached your destination and achieved the goal.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Measure able goals helps you define exactly what you want to achieve in the future.1. Which cell has a cell membrane
(1 Point)
O plant
O animal
O both
2. Cell Wall
(1 Point)
O Plant
O Animal
O Both
3. Chloroplast
(1 Point)
O plant
O animal
O both
4. Cytoplasm
(1 Point)
O Plant
O Animal
O Both
Answer:
1. both
2. plant
3. plant
4. both
During nitrogen fixation, decomposers convert nitrogen from soil and plants. What do they convert these nutrients into?
A. ammonium
B. free nitrogen
C. nitric oxide
How do the biotic and abiotic factors you circled interact?
Answer:
Explanation:In general, abiotic factors like rock, soil, and water interact with biotic factors in the form of providing nutrients. The water, phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon cycles are examples of this. Another way biotic and abiotic factors interact is that biotic factors often change the geology and geography of an area.
Answer:
In general, abiotic factors like rock, soil, and water interact with biotic factors in the form of providing nutrients
Explanation:
The internal transport of water and minerals in plants requires that two systems work
together. Which diagram correctly describes how the two systems accomplish this?
Answer: it’s F
Explanation:
Got it correct
The correct answer is diagram F in the image given along with the question as it shows correctly describes how the two systems accomplish the internal transport of water and minerals in plants requires that two systems work.
It has 2 steps:
Absorption through the root system. Transport by shoot system and stomata in leaf tissues.What is the internal transport of water?Transport in biology method sporting substance absorbed or made withinside the frame of an organism to all different components of its frame.
In flora, it's miles most effective water and minerals that want to be transported to its different components. Another component that desires to be transported to different components of the flora is the meals organized in leaves.
This is due to the fact a plant has a branching form so it receives carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and oxygen for respiratory from the air at once through diffusion.
Hence concluded that the F option in the image is the correct answer.
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Which of the following is a problem caused by acid rain?
is responsible for smog
damages limestone and marble on statues and buildings
is a CFC that causes destruction of ozone
can cause burning sensation in the eyes and respiratory problems
Answer:
It damages limestone and marble on buildings and statutes.
Can cause burning sensation in the eyes and respiratory problems.
Explanation:
What is a factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species
Reproduction at different times
Reproductive isolation
Geographic barriers
Different mating behaviors
What means Resource ?
Write the letter all of the following statements that are NOT true. a. Coding sequences for gene products can be isolated from cDNA libraries. b. Antibodies are used for Northern blot analysis. c. VNTRs are highly conserved in human populations. d. PCR amplification generates large numbers of linear DNA fragments. e. RNA molecules can be used as hybridization probes in Southern blot analysis. Separate your answer(s) with a comma, and enter only the letter(s) of your choice(s
Answer:
b. Antibodies are used for Northern blot analysis.
c. VNTRs are highly conserved in human populations.
Explanation:
The northern blot technique is used in molecular biology laboratories for detecting specific RNA molecules in a sample of RNA derived from a particular cell/tissue. Antibodies can be detected by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In ELISA, antigens are used to detect specific antibodies: the addition of the antigen produces a positive reaction i.e., formation of the antigen-antibody binding complex. Subsequently, a second antibody with a particular marker is added to bind with the complex, thereby producing a change in the color and thus evidencing the presence of the target antibody in the sample. On the other hand, the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) are short sequences (around 20 to 100 bp) whose number of repetitions varies at specific loci in the genome of many organisms, including humans. Since VNTR sequences exhibit variation in length between individuals of the same species/population, they are widely used as molecular markers to identify individuals, QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping, establish phylogenetic relationships among individuals/cultivars/lines, etc.