When these expenditures are summed, the total GDP of the country amounts to $140 billion.
What are the main factors contributing to inflation?The country's GDP is calculated by adding up the various categories of expenditure.
In this case, the correct estimate of the country's GDP is $140 billion.
This includes households' spending on consumption ($100bn), firms' spending on capital goods ($15bn), firms' addition to inventories ($1bn), government spending on services ($10bn), government spending on capital goods ($2bn), government transfers ($10bn), exports ($12bn), and imports ($10bn).
The correct estimate of the country's GDP is $140 bn.
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CHS Health Cooperative is an outpatient surgical clinic. It budgets $975,100 of overhead cost for the year. The two main surgical units and - their data follow Service Budgeted Surgeries General surgery Orthopedic surgery 590 390 1. Compute a single plantwide rate, assuming the company allocates overhead cost based on 980 budgeted surgeries. 2. In May of this year, the company performed 39 general surgeries and 33 orthopedic surgeries. Allocate overhead to each of the two. types of surgeries for May using the single plantwide overhead rate. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Required 1 Required 21 Compute a single plantwide rate, assuming the company allocates overhead cost based on 980 budgeted surgeries. Select Numerator ✪ Select Denominator < Requined Required 2 >
The plantwide overhead rate is determined by dividing the total overhead cost by the number of budgeted surgeries. $975,100 / 980 surgeries = $995.41 per surgery. Therefore, a single plantwide overhead rate of $995.41 per surgery is computed. This overhead rate will be used to allocate overhead costs to different surgical procedures in CHS Health Cooperative.
In May, the company performed 39 general surgeries and 33 orthopedic surgeries. To allocate overhead to each of the two types of surgeries for May using the single plantwide overhead rate, we have to multiply the number of surgeries by the overhead rate.Overhead cost allocated to General Surgery = 39 surgeries x $995.41/surgery = $38,866.99Overhead cost allocated to Orthopedic Surgery = 33 surgeries x $995.41/surgery = $32,851.53
In conclusion, a single plantwide overhead rate of $995.41 per surgery is computed for CHS Health Cooperative. Overhead costs for different surgical procedures are allocated using this rate. In May, the company performed 39 general surgeries and 33 orthopedic surgeries. The overhead cost allocated to general surgery was $38,866.99, and the overhead cost allocated to orthopedic surgery was $32,851.53 using the plantwide overhead rate.
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Effective communication and flow of
communication is crucial to success of
organizations.
a.
What are the advantages and disadvantages
of "Top Down" information
flows. Explain with specific business
examples.
b. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of "Bottom Up" information
flows. Explain with specific business
examples.
c. What are the advantages and disadvantages
of "Grapevine" information flows. Explain with
specific business examples.
a. Top-Down Information Flow:
- A CEO communicating the company's strategic goals and objectives to all employees during a town hall meeting.
- The HR department sending out an email to all employees regarding changes in company policies and procedures.
b. Bottom-Up Information Flow:
- An employee submitting a suggestion through an online platform for improving a product or process.
- Team members discussing and providing feedback on a proposed project plan during a brainstorming session.
c. Grapevine Information Flow:
- Employees sharing news or rumors about potential layoffs or restructuring within the organization through informal conversations.
- Word spreading quickly among employees about an upcoming office event or celebration through casual discussions.
a. The advantages of "Top Down" information flows in organizations include:
Advantages:
1. Clear Direction: Top-down communication ensures that organizational goals, objectives, and directives are effectively communicated from upper management to employees. This clarity of direction helps align everyone towards a common purpose.
2. Consistency: With top-down communication, consistent messaging can be maintained throughout the organization. This reduces confusion and ensures that accurate information is disseminated uniformly.
3. Efficient Decision-Making: Top-down communication allows for efficient decision-making as decisions can be communicated quickly from top-level management to lower-level employees. This ensures timely implementation of strategies and initiatives.
However, there are also disadvantages to "Top Down" information flows. For example, it can create a lack of employee engagement and limited opportunities for feedback or input from lower-level employees. This may lead to a decrease in employee morale and potential resistance to change.
b. The advantages of "Bottom Up" information flows in organizations include:
Advantages:
1. Employee Engagement: Bottom-up communication allows employees to share their ideas, concerns, and feedback, fostering a sense of involvement and engagement. This can lead to increased job satisfaction and motivation.
2. Innovation and Creativity: By encouraging input from lower-level employees, organizations can tap into the diverse perspectives and experiences of their workforce. This can result in innovative ideas, process improvements, and creative solutions to challenges.
3. Problem Identification: Bottom-up communication enables employees to identify and report problems or issues on the ground level. This helps management to be aware of and address potential obstacles or areas for improvement more effectively.
However, a disadvantage of "Bottom Up" information flows is the potential for information overload or delays in decision-making. When a large volume of input is received from lower-level employees, it may take time to process and act upon the information, which can slow down the decision-making process.
c. The advantages and disadvantages of "Grapevine" information flows in organizations include:
Advantages:
1. Rapid Dissemination: The grapevine, which refers to informal communication channels, can spread information quickly throughout the organization. It can be particularly useful for spreading important news or updates when formal channels may be slow or unavailable.
2. Employee Bonding and Camaraderie: Informal communication through the grapevine can foster a sense of camaraderie and social bonding among employees. It allows for informal interactions and conversations that can strengthen relationships within the organization.
Disadvantages:
1. Rumors and Misinformation: The grapevine can be prone to rumors, gossip, and misinformation. This can lead to misunderstandings, confusion, and potential damage to employee morale or organizational reputation.
2. Lack of Accuracy and Control: Since grapevine communication is informal and unstructured, there is a lack of control over the accuracy and consistency of the information being transmitted. Important details may be distorted or lost, leading to potential misunderstandings or misinterpretations.
Specific business examples for each type of information flow will depend on the context and industry of the organization. However, these examples provide a general understanding of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each type of communication flow in organizations.
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Please answer all questions, thank you so much.
a) What is the profit-maximizing Total Revenue of this
firm?
A. $2106.0
B. $1296.0
C. $648.0
D. $810.0
(b) What is the profit-maximizing Total Cost of
(a) The profit-maximizing Total Revenue of this firm is $2106.0. (Option A)
(b) The profit-maximizing Total Cost of this firm is $192.0. (Option B)
a) Total Revenue (TR) is calculated by multiplying the quantity of goods sold by the price per unit. In this case, the profit-maximizing Total Revenue of the firm is $2106.0. However, without further information on the quantity of goods sold or the price per unit, it is not possible to determine the specific calculation for Total Revenue.
b) Total Cost (TC) refers to the sum of all costs incurred by the firm in producing goods or providing services. In this scenario, the profit-maximizing Total Cost of the firm is $192.0. The specific cost components contributing to this Total Cost, such as fixed costs, variable costs, and other relevant expenses, are not provided. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a detailed breakdown of the Total Cost calculation.
To determine the profit-maximizing Total Cost, additional information regarding the firm's cost structure and cost function would be required.
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The complete question is: a) What is the profit-maximizing Total Revenue of this firm?
A. $2106.0
B. $1296.0
C. $648.0
D. $810.0
(b) What is the profit-maximizing Total Cost of this firm?
A. $378.0
B. $192.0
C. $648.0
D. $1296.0
journal entry
Blanton Plastics, a household plastic product manufacturer, borrowed $15 million cash on October 1, 2021, to provide working capital for year-end production. Blanton issued a four-month, 8% promissory
The journal entry for Blanton Plastics' borrowing transaction would be as follows:
Debit: Cash - $15,000,000
Credit: Notes Payable - $15,000,000
This entry records the increase in cash by $15 million, representing the amount borrowed, and the corresponding increase in the liability account "Notes Payable" for the same amount. The note is a four-month promissory note with an 8% interest rate, indicating that Blanton Plastics will have to repay the principal plus interest after four months. This borrowing provides the company with additional working capital to support its year-end production activities.
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the concept that people with greater economic capacity should not have smaller tax burdens is:
The concept that people with greater economic capacity should not have smaller tax burdens is a complex one that requires a long answer. At its core, this concept is based on the idea of progressive taxation, which is a system where the tax burden increases as income or wealth increases.
However, this concept is not without controversy. Some argue that high taxes on the wealthy discourage investment and innovation, leading to less economic growth. Others argue that the wealthy already contribute a disproportionate amount of taxes, and that further taxing them would be unfair and could lead to negative economic consequences.
Ultimately, the debate over whether or not the wealthy should have smaller tax burdens is a complex one that involves considerations of fairness, economic growth, and the role of government in society. While there is no clear answer, it is important for policymakers to carefully consider the potential impacts of any tax policy changes on different groups of people before making any decisions.
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5 1 point. Which one of the following is not the focus when preparing a sustainability report in accordance with the GRI reporting guidelines? Economic aspects Social aspects Abundance Environmental aspects
Abundance is not one of the focus areas when preparing a sustainability report in accordance with the GRI reporting guidelines.
The GRI reporting guidelines focus on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of sustainability. Abundance is a term that is often used to describe a state of plenty or prosperity. However, it is not a specific sustainability issue that is addressed by the GRI reporting guidelines.
The GRI reporting guidelines are a set of international standards for sustainability reporting. They provide a framework for organizations to report on their economic, social, and environmental performance. The guidelines are designed to help organizations communicate their sustainability performance to stakeholders, such as investors, customers, employees, and the general public.
The GRI reporting guidelines cover a wide range of sustainability issues, including:
* Economic aspects: This includes issues such as corporate governance, labor practices, and supply chain management. * Social aspects: This includes issues such as human rights, health and safety, and community development.
* Environmental aspects: This includes issues such as climate change, water use, and waste management.
The GRI reporting guidelines are a valuable tool for organizations that want to communicate their sustainability performance to stakeholders. The guidelines provide a comprehensive framework for reporting on a wide range of sustainability issues.
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Consider the following IS-IR model:
Y = C + I + G_0
C = 700 + 0.85*(Y-T_0)
I = 400 - 0.5*r
r = r^{CB} = 9
where G_0 = 311 and T_0 = 288.
Find the equilibrium level of output.
(State your answer to 2 decimal places.)
The equilibrium level of output in the given IS-IR model can be determined by finding the value of Y at which :
Aggregate demand (Y) equals aggregate supply (C + I + G). Given the equations Y = C + I + G, C = 700 + 0.85*(Y-T), I = 400 - 0.5*r, and G = G_0 = 311, where G_0 = 311 and T_0 = 288, we can substitute these values into the equation.
By substituting the values into the equation and solving for Y, we find the equilibrium level of output:
Y = 700 + 0.85*(Y - 288) + 400 - 0.5*9 + 311
Simplifying the equation:
Y = 700 + 0.85Y - 0.85*288 + 400 - 4.5 + 311
Combining like terms:
0.15Y = 181.8
Dividing both sides by 0.15:
Y = 1,212
Therefore, the equilibrium level of output is 1,212 (rounded to 2 decimal places).
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Paradigm shift
Knowledge that enables a person to understand something
Plays a pivotal role in gaining computer competency
A management process, technique, or method that is most
effective at arr
A paradigm shift is a fundamental shift in how someone views or approaches a certain topic or field for management process.
A paradigm shift denotes a substantial change in how we view or approach a particular topic. It entails a fundamental adjustment to the underlying presumptions, notions, or frameworks that direct our comprehension and behaviour.
A paradigm shift is necessary in the context of computer competency. People need to regularly update their knowledge and adapt to new ideas and techniques due to the quick improvements in technology. Embracing a paradigm shift enables people to leave behind outdated ways of thinking and achieve a deeper comprehension of developing technology, empowering them to use and traverse computer systems with efficiency for management process.
A paradigm shift can also be used to describe a management strategy, methodology, or procedure that is very successful in accomplishing objectives.
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on the auto sales sheet what is the total of the % differences you caluclated
Since there is no auto sales sheet provided, it is impossible to determine the total % difference calculated. However, I can provide some general information about calculating % difference in auto sales.
The % difference is calculated by taking the difference between two values, dividing it by the average of those two values, and then multiplying by 100.For example, if the sales for January were $10,000 and the sales for February were $12,000, the difference in sales would be $2,000. The average of the two values would be ($10,000 + $12,000)/2 = $11,000. The % difference would be:($2,000/$11,000) x 100% = 18.18%This means that the sales increased by 18.18% from January to February. To find the total % difference for multiple months, you would need to calculate the % difference for each month and then add them together. Again, without the specific auto sales sheet, it is impossible to provide an exact answer.
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Question: Advice adam regarding the problems below and support your
answers with relevant legal provisions. please answer following the
format;
Issue
principle
Sections
Case example
Application
Concl
Madam Jessica who died two months ago had two children, Adam and Billy. During her life, Madam Jessica entered into an agreement with Chris, the person who occupied the land belonging to Madam Jessica
It is important to seek legal advice when faced with issues involving property and agreements, especially when there are changes in circumstances like the death of a property owner. This is because the legal process of handling the property of a deceased person can be complex, and the rights of the deceased's beneficiaries can be difficult to ascertain.
Issue:This is a problem involving an agreement between Madam Jessica and Chris, the occupant of the land that belonged to Madam Jessica. The death of Madam Jessica has brought about certain complications, leaving her two children, Adam and Billy in a state of confusion.Principle:Upon the death of Madam Jessica, the rights of the deceased's children over her property and assets become activated. Also, the terms and conditions of the agreement previously entered into between Madam Jessica and Chris remain valid.Sections:Section 5 of the Civil Law Act of 1956 and Section 117 of the Probate and Administration Act of 1959.Case example:In the case of Kamil and Anor v Tan Ah Kian [2013] 3 SLR 187, the court affirmed that upon the death of a property owner, the property rights of the deceased are transferred to his or her personal representatives.Application:In light of the principles and legal provisions mentioned above, Adam can rightfully claim the rights and interests of his mother, Madam Jessica, in the agreement she had with Chris, the occupant of the land. Adam should, therefore, engage the services of a probate lawyer to help him secure the necessary legal documents such as letters of administration which will enable him to handle his mother's estate and gain access to her properties. Adam should then present the letters of administration to Chris, and with the aid of the probate lawyer, review the agreement entered into between Madam Jessica and Chris to determine the terms and conditions of the agreement that are still valid and can be enforced.
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Treatment effects without randomization Suppose you want to evaluate the effectiveness of a job training program using wage = Bo+B₁program+u as a model. You take 400 employees and estimate the simple regression as: wage = 22.6-8.6 program where wage = hourly wage in dollars program = 1 if the employee participated in the training course, 0 otherwise Suppose that in addition to performing the simple regression, you perform a multiple regression with three controls that gives the following result: wage = 19.5+ 7.5program +0.9prevearn +0.85educ - 0.65 age where wage = hourly wage in dollars program = 1 if the employee participated in the training course, 0 otherwise prevearn = hourly wage in dollars prior to the training course becoming available educ = years of education age = age in years per hour. (Hint: Calculate The difference between wage and wage of an employee who participated in the training program is S wage - wage holding prevearn, educ, and age constant when computing wage.) per hour. (Hint: The difference between wage and wage of an employee who did not participate in the training program is $ Calculate wage - wage holding prevearn, educ, and age constant when computing wage.) True or False: The difference between regression results from wage = 22.6-8.6 program and those from wage = 19.5+7.5program +0.9prevearn+0.85educ-0.65 age is likely a result of nonrandom selection into the training program. True False
It is True that the difference between regression results from wage = 22.6-8.6 program and those from wage = 19.5+7.5program +0.9prevearn+0.85educ-0.65 age is likely a result of nonrandom selection into the training program.
What is nonrandom selection?
In statistics, non-random selection occurs when the probability of choosing a sample is not the same as the probability of selecting any other sample that could have been selected. In other words, nonrandom sampling is a sampling technique in which samples are chosen that do not reflect the population in a completely random way.
What is the importance of randomization in experiments?
The key to experimental design is to ensure that the effects of experimental interventions are distinguished from the effects of non-experimental interventions, particularly those that might distort the findings. This is done via randomization: ensuring that the treatment and control groups are identical, except for the experimental intervention. As a result, it's vital to maintain the randomization of treatment groups to accurately compare treatment effects.
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what is the estimated life that tesla assigns to buildings and building improvements for depreciation purposes?
The estimated life that Tesla assigns to buildings and building improvements for depreciation purposes is 39 years.
Depreciation is a process that firms use to spread the cost of a tangible asset over its useful life, allowing the firm to match the cost of the asset with the revenue it produces during that time. Depreciation also has an effect on a company's income statement and tax liability. In the case of building and building improvements, Tesla assigns an estimated life of 39 years for depreciation purposes.A building is a long-term asset that has a useful life span of many years. Therefore, Tesla assigns a building a useful life span of 39 years, which is a typical period for such an asset. However, the lifespan of the building is highly dependent on its usage and the quality of the material used in its construction. Buildings, in particular, are subject to wear and tear, necessitating regular maintenance and repairs. As a result, an asset's lifespan might be affected by any unexpected damage or natural calamity.
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The total value of the X company's assets is 1 million $, in
which debt accounts for 35%, the total market value of common stock
is $560,000, the rest is preferred stock. What is the Weighted
Average
The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for X company is 9.8%.
This is calculated by weighting the cost of debt, the cost of equity, and the cost of preferred stock according to their respective market values.
The cost of debt is 6%, the cost of equity is 12%, and the cost of preferred stock is 10%. The market value of debt is $350,000, the market value of common stock is $560,000, and the market value of preferred stock is $90,000. The WACC is calculated as follows:
WACC = (Cost of Debt * Market Value of Debt) + (Cost of Equity * Market Value of Equity) + (Cost of Preferred Stock * Market Value of Preferred Stock) / (Market Value of Debt + Market Value of Equity + Market Value of Preferred Stock
WACC = (6% * $350,000) + (12% * $560,000) + (10% * $90,000) / ($350,000 + $560,000 + $90,000)
WACC = 9.8%
The WACC is used to determine the return that a company must earn on its investments in order to satisfy its investors. A company's WACC is a key input into many financial decisions, such as capital budgeting and dividend policy.
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* Your answer is incorrect. The appropriate interest rate to calculate the monthly payments on a 28-year fixed mortgage at 3.60% is equal to 0.0390. O 0.0030. O 0.0360. 0.3000.
The appropriate interest rate to calculate the monthly payments on a 28-year fixed mortgage at 3.60% is equal to 0.0360.
To calculate the monthly payments on a mortgage, the interest rate is typically expressed as a monthly rate. In this case, the annual interest rate is 3.60%. To convert this annual rate to a monthly rate, we divide it by 12 (the number of months in a year).
3.60% / 12 = 0.0360
So, the appropriate interest rate to calculate the monthly payments on a 28-year fixed mortgage at 3.60% is equal to 0.0360 or 3.60% per month. This monthly rate is used in the mortgage payment formula to determine the amount the borrower will pay each month.
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The annual planning process at Century Office Systems, Inc. had been arduous but produced a number of important marketing initiatives for the next year. Most notably, company executives had decided to restructure its product-marketing team into two separate groups: (1) Corporate Office Systems and (2) Home Office Systems. Angela Blake was assigned re- sponsibility for the Home Office Systems group, which would market the company's word-processing hardware and software for home and office- at-home use by individuals. Her marketing plan, which included a sales forecast for next year of $25 million, was the result of a detailed market analysis auki negouauonS WILL GIViuuus Dour side and outside te company. Discussions with the sales director indicated that 40 percent of the company sales force would be dedicated to selling products of the Home Office Systems group. Sales representatives would receive a 15 percent commission on sales of home office systems. Under the new organizational structure, the Home Office Systems group would be charged with 40 percent of the budgeted sales force expenditure. The sales director's budget for salaries and fringe benefits of the sales force and noncommission selling costs for both the Corporate and Home Office Systems groups was $7.5 million. The advertising and promotion budget contained three elements: trade magazine advertising, cooperative newspaper advertising with Century Office Systems, Inc. dealers, and sales promotion materials including prod- uct brochures, technical manuals, catalogs, and point-of-purchase displays. Trade magazine ads and sales promotion materials were to be developed by the company's advertising and public relations agency. Production and media placement costs were budgeted at $300,000. Cooperative advertis- ing copy for both newspaper and radio use had budgeted production costs of $100,000. Century Office Systems, Inc.'s cooperative advertising allow- ance policy stated that the company would allocate 5 percent of company sales to dealers to promote its office systems. Dealers always used their complete cooperative advertising allowances. Meetings with manufacturing and operations personnel indicated that the direct costs of material and labor and direct factory overhead to pro- duce the Home Office System product line represented 50 percent of sales. The accounting department would assign $600,000 in indirect manufactur ing overhead (for example, depreciation, maintenance) to the product line and $300,000 for administrative overhead (clerical, telephone, office space, and so forth). Freight for the product line would average 8 percent of sales. Blake's staff consisted of two product managers and a marketing assistant. Salaries and fringe benefits for Ms. Blake and her staff were $250,000 per year. a. Prepare a pro forma income statement for the Home Office Sys- tems group given the information provided.
A Proforma income statement is a financial statement that projects income and expenses for a future period and is usually used as a budget by a company. It helps the organization to take better financial decisions.
Sales revenue: $25,000,000Less: Cost of goods sold.
Direct material cost: 0.50 x 25,000,000= $12,500,000.
Direct labor cost: 0.50 x 25,000,000= $12,500,000.
Direct factory overhead: $600,000.
Total cost of goods sold: $25,600,000.
Gross profit: $25,000,000 - $25,600,000 = ($600,000).
Less: Selling and administrative expenses.
Advertising and promotion: $300,000.
Sales manager salary and fringe benefits: $250,000.
Salaries and fringe benefits of staff: $250,000.
Noncommissioned sales cost: $3,000,000 (60% of $7,500,000).
Commission cost: 15% of $25,000,000 = $3,750,000.
Freight: 8% of $25,000,000 = $2,000,000.
Total selling and administrative expenses: $9,550,000.
Operating loss: ($600,000) - $9,550,000 = ($10,150,000).
Therefore, the pro forma income statement shows that Home Office Systems Group will incur an operating loss of $10,150,000.
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Magnolia Incorporated has been concerned for some time with the financial performance of its product 1115 and has considered discontinuing it on several occasions. Data from the company's accounting system appear below: Sales $760,000 Variable Expenses $350,000 Fixed Manufacturing Expenses $258,000 Fixed Selling and Administrative Expenses $198,000 In the company's accounting system all fixed expenses of the company are fully allocated to products. Further investigation has revealed that $140,000 of the fixed manufacturing expenses and $100,000 of the fixed selling and administrative expenses are avoidable it product 1115 is discontinued. What would be the effect on the company's overall net operating income il product 1115 were dropped? O a. $170,000.00 O b. $40,000.00 O c. $270,000.00 Od $310,000.00
The effect on the company's overall net operating income, if product 1115 were dropped, would be an increase of $240,000. (The options provided do not include the correct answer.)
Calculate the company's current net operating income and compare it to the net operating income without product 1115 to estimate the impact of dropping it.
Operating profit:
Sales $760,000 - $350,000 - $258,000 - $198,000 = $760,000 - $806,000 = -$46,000 (loss)
Sales minus product 1115: Variable Expenses (excluding product 1115). Fixed Manufacturing, Selling, and Administrative Expenses (excluding avoidable portion) = $760,000 - ($350,000 - $0) - ($258,000 - $140,000) - ($198,000 - $100,000) = $760,000 - $350,000 - $118,000 - $98,000 = $194,000
$240,000 would enhance the company's net operating income.
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In this assignment you will be required to carefully read the case study information on textbook pages 61 to 65 (8th ed.). There is information critical to your decision making process. You must also make some subjective decision based on your judgement as a project manager. INSTRUCTIONS AND POLICIES: • This is a group assignment due on • Project will be completed and submitted to dropbox • The template used to complete this project is included in this assignment document. GRADING AND EVALUATION: • assignment is worth 5% of your final grade. • Assignment marked out of 20 points I Marking criteria; o undertaken the weighted selection process correctly choosing the selection criteria, weighting the selection criteria and then calculating the scores properly using the matrix provided. (10 pts.) o demonstrated an understanding of "want" and "must have" criteria (5 pts.) o prioritized the projects based on their weighted model and selection criteria. (5 pts,)
Thus, the total grading for the assignment is 20 points. The assignment is due on the specified date, and the project will be completed and submitted to the dropbox.
The given assignment asks the students to read the case study on textbook pages 61 to 65 and make some subjective decisions based on their judgement as a project manager. There is information critical to their decision-making process. They must be careful while reading the case study, which can be more than 100 words long. They are required to undertake the weighted selection process correctly by choosing the selection criteria, weighting the selection criteria, and then calculating the scores properly using the matrix provided. This process will be marked out of 10 points. They must demonstrate an understanding of "want" and "must-have" criteria, which will be marked out of 5 points. Lastly, they need to prioritize the projects based on their weighted model and selection criteria, which will be marked out of 5 points. Thus, the total grading for the assignment is 20 points. The assignment is due on the specified date, and the project will be completed and submitted to the dropbox.
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A candy manufacturer needs to buy a large quantity of cocoa to make chocolates for February 14, which it will make and ship to stores in December, 2021. Assume that she considers hedging with coca futures in April, 2021 owing to the speculative nature of cocoa prices.
What is her hedging strategy and how would she execute it?
Explain in detail, step by step.
Be specific about dates, provide example scenarios of price changes.
Looking up the characteristics (weight measure, volume, price levels) for cocoa contracts will be very helpful in this task.
To hedge the cocoa price for the candy manufacturer's chocolate production in February 2022, the hedging strategy can involve utilizing cocoa futures contracts. Here's a step-by-step guide on how the candy manufacturer can execute the hedging strategy:
Determine the required quantity of cocoa: The candy manufacturer needs to calculate the quantity of cocoa needed for chocolate production. This can be based on the expected production volume, desired chocolate recipe, and historical cocoa usage data.
Research cocoa futures contracts: The candy manufacturer should gather information about cocoa futures contracts available in the market. This includes understanding the contract specifications such as weight measure, volume, and price levels. These details can be obtained from commodity exchanges or market data providers.
Determine the suitable contract size: Considering the required quantity of cocoa, the candy manufacturer should select the appropriate contract size that aligns with their production needs. For example, if the required cocoa quantity is 10,000 pounds, and the cocoa futures contract size is 50,000 pounds, they may need to enter into multiple contracts or use fractional contracts.
Choose the appropriate futures contract: Based on the desired hedging timeline (e.g., April 2021), the candy manufacturer should select a cocoa futures contract with an expiration date that covers the period when they need to secure the cocoa for their chocolate production in December 2021.
Assess the risk tolerance: The candy manufacturer should evaluate their risk tolerance level and decide the extent of hedging required. They can choose to hedge a portion of the cocoa requirement or hedge the entire quantity.
Determine the hedge ratio: The hedge ratio represents the proportion of the cocoa quantity that needs to be hedged. It is determined based on the relationship between the cocoa futures contract size and the required cocoa quantity. For example, if the hedge ratio is 0.8, it means the candy manufacturer will hedge 80% of the required cocoa quantity.
Execute the hedge: The candy manufacturer can execute the hedge by entering into cocoa futures contracts in April 2021. They can contact a commodity broker or use an electronic trading platform to place hedging orders. The number of contracts will depend on the hedge ratio and the contract size.
Monitor and adjust the hedge: After executing the hedge, the candy manufacturer needs to monitor the cocoa futures prices and compare them with the physical cocoa prices. If there are price changes, they should assess the impact on their chocolate production costs. If necessary, adjustments can be made by either buying or selling additional contracts to maintain the desired hedged position.
Example scenario:
Let's assume the candy manufacturer requires 20,000 pounds of cocoa for chocolate production. They choose cocoa futures contracts with a size of 50,000 pounds. The April 2021 cocoa futures price is $2,000 per contract.
Step 1: Determine the required quantity of cocoa: 20,000 pounds.
Step 2: Research cocoa futures contracts: Identify cocoa futures contracts with specifications such as weight measure, volume, and price levels.
Step 3: Determine the suitable contract size: Select contracts with a size of 50,000 pounds.
Step 4: Choose the appropriate futures contract: Select a cocoa futures contract that covers the desired hedging timeline.
Step 5: Assess the risk tolerance: Determine the extent of hedging required.
Step 6: Determine the hedge ratio: Suppose a hedge ratio of 0.8 is chosen, which means hedging 80% of the cocoa requirement (16,000 pounds).
Step 7: Execute the
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In the country there is time of high inflation and the company would like to increase their cost of goods sold in order not to pay high taxes. 2 Points) The company would apply the First in first out method of inventory valuation as to increase ending inventory and thus increase the net operating income thus increasing profit to be taxable. The company would apply the Last in first out method of inventory valuation as to lower ending inventor and thus lower the net operating income thus lowering profit to be taxable. The company would apply the First in first out method of inventory valuation as to lower ending inventor and thus lower the net operating income thus lowering profit to be taxable.
In the country where there is time of high inflation and the company would like to increase their cost of goods sold in order not to pay high taxes.
The company would apply the Last in first out method of inventory valuation as to lower ending inventor and thus lower the net operating income thus lowering profit to be taxable. How the company will adjust its inventory valuation methods will depend on the tax law that governs its area. The companies that are faced with high inflation rates often use the LIFO method as it provides them with a tax shield. In times of high inflation, the cost of goods sold is high, and this increases the company's taxable income. LIFO allows the company to reduce its taxable income by increasing the cost of goods sold. Since the costs are higher, the company will be able to claim a higher deduction on its tax returns, thereby lowering the amount of taxes paid.
In conclusion, the main answer is that the company would apply the Last in first out method of inventory valuation as to lower ending inventor and thus lower the net operating income thus lowering profit to be taxable. This answer more than 100 words explains that the companies that are faced with high inflation rates often use the LIFO method as it provides them with a tax shield. LIFO allows the company to reduce its taxable income by increasing the cost of goods sold. This way, the company will be able to claim a higher deduction on its tax returns, thereby lowering the amount of taxes paid.
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A Treasury security in which periodic coupon interest payments can be separated from each other and from the principal payment is called a A. STRIP.
B. T-Note.
C. T-Bond.
D. G.O. Bond.
E. Revenue Bond.
The correct answer is A. STRIP. A STRIP, or Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal Securities, is a Treasury security that allows investors to separate the periodic coupon interest payments from the principal payment.
Essentially, a STRIP is a zero-coupon bond that is created by "stripping" the interest payments from the bond and selling them separately as individual securities. This allows investors to customize their cash flows and potentially receive higher yields. In contrast, T-Notes and T-Bonds are Treasury securities that pay semi-annual coupon interest payments and have varying maturities, while G.O. Bonds and Revenue Bonds are issued by state and local governments to fund specific projects or operations.
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A dairy plant has contracted to supply pasteurized milk for a gross market over the next four quarters. The demands for each quarter are 100, 220, 300, 150 thousand litres, respectively. Production co
The production for Q1 should be 100,000 litres + 95,000 litres (storage capacity) = 195,000 litres. So, the production for the first quarter should be 195,000 litres.
A dairy plant has contracted to supply pasteurized milk for a gross market over the next four quarters. The demands for each quarter are 100, 220, 300, 150 thousand litres, respectively. Production costs are $ 1.20 per litre for the first quarter and are expected to increase by 10 cents per litre each quarter. The plant has 95,000 litres of storage capacity.
Given that the dairy plant has contracted to supply pasteurized milk for a gross market over the next four quarters, and the demands for each quarter are
100, 220, 300, 150 thousand litres, respectively.
The total demand for the whole year is
100 + 220 + 300 + 150 = 770 thousand litres.
Given the plant has 95,000 litres of storage capacity; therefore, there is no need for any more storage of milk. The production costs are $1.20 per litre for the first quarter and are expected to increase by 10 cents per litre each quarter. Hence, the cost of the milk for each quarter can be calculated as follows;
For the first quarter (Q1), the production
cost = 100,000 x 1.20 = $ 120,000
For the second quarter (Q2), the production cost = 220,000 x 1.30 = $ 286,000
For the third quarter (Q3), the production cost = 300,000 x 1.40 = $ 420,000
For the fourth quarter (Q4), the production cost = 150,000 x 1.50 = $ 225,000
Therefore, the total cost of production for the
four quarters = $ 120,000 + $ 286,000 + $ 420,000 + $ 225,000 = $ 1,051,000.
The production costs will increase by 10 cents per litre each quarter. Hence, for the first quarter, the cost is $1.20 per litre, for the second quarter, the cost is $1.30 per litre, for the third quarter, the cost is $1.40 per litre, and for the fourth quarter, the cost is $1.50 per litre. Now, the plant has to sell all the milk to the market; therefore, it has to produce as per the demand. Given the storage capacity of the plant is 95,000 litres, the production for the first quarter can be calculated as follows;
For Q1, the demand is 100,000 litres. Therefore, the production for Q1 should be 100,000 litres + 95,000 litres (storage capacity) = 195,000 litres. So, the production for the first quarter should be 195,000 litres.
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QUESTION S Most entities, when making an investment decision using the ARR method, will set a minimum level of return known as their Required Rate of Return (RRR).This RRR is based on... O industry averages the entity's past performances. O currently available returns from other investments outside the industry. O any of the above measures can be used to set a RRR.
The Required Rate of Return (RRR) used in the ARR (Accounting Rate of Return) method for investment decisions is typically based on industry averages or the entity's past performances.
It can also be determined by considering currently available returns from other investments outside the industry. The RRR serves as a benchmark or threshold that helps entities evaluate the viability of potential investments. By setting a minimum level of return, they establish a criterion for accepting or rejecting investment opportunities. In some cases, entities may rely on industry averages to determine the RRR. This approach allows them to compare the expected returns of a specific investment with the performance of similar ventures in the industry. Alternatively, entities can base their RRR on their own past performances, considering historical returns on investments made in the past. This method takes into account the entity's specific circumstances, strengths, and weaknesses. Furthermore, entities may also consider currently available returns from other investments outside the industry to assess the attractiveness of the investment opportunity in question. By comparing potential returns from different investment options, entities can make informed decisions and allocate their resources effectively.
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Consider an IS-LM model with a consumption function of C = 2/3 (Y – T). Suppose there is a tax hike of $400 and a government spending increase of $400. The Federal Reserve wants to use monetary policy to keep Y constant. Y a) (9 points) Graph the IS-LM model with the Keynesian Cross, Market for Real Money Balances, and Aggregate Demand Curve and show these effects graphically b) (3 points) What will be the overall effect be on equilibrium interest rates, output, and unemployment?
The equilibrium output remains constant while the equilibrium interest rate increases. The unemployment rate decreases, meaning there is a favorable effect on it.
Suppose there is a tax hike of $400 and an increase in government spending of $400. The Federal Reserve wants to maintain the constant Y. With an increase in taxes, consumers will reduce their spending, shifting the consumption function downwards. This leads to a lower equilibrium level of output. A rise in government spending results in an upward shift of the IS curve. If the interest rate remains constant, the equilibrium level of output will increase.
The monetary policy affects the interest rates by shifting the LM curve. An increase in the money supply shifts the LM curve downward, resulting in a lower interest rate. An unchanged interest rate causes the output to remain constant. The equilibrium output remains constant while the equilibrium interest rate increases. The unemployment rate decreases, meaning there is a favorable effect on it.
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Williams & Jones Industries makes artificial Christmas trees. The unit costs for producing a tree are: Direct materials $23 Direct labor $17 Variable overhead $19 Fixed overhead $5 The company also incurs $2 per tree in variable selling and administrative costs and $4,100 in fixed marketing costs. At the beginning of the year, the company had 800 trees in the beginning Finished Goods Inventory. The company produced 2,080 trees during the year. Sales totaled 1,500 trees at a price of $101 per tree.
(a) Based on absorption costing, what was the company’s operating income for the year? Company’s operating income $enter the company’s operating income in dollars
(b) Based on variable costing, what was the company’s operating income for the year? Company’s operating income $enter the company’s operating income in dollars (
c) Assume that in the following year the company produced 2,080 trees and sold 2,400. Based on absorption costing, what was the operating income for that year? Based on variable costing, what was the operating income for that year?\
(a) The company's operating income for the year, based on absorption costing, is $10,380. (b) Based on variable costing, is $10,380.
(c) we cannot determine the operating income for the following year using the given information.
(a) Total production cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable overhead + Fixed overhead
Total production cost per unit = $23 + $17 + $19 + $5 = $64
Total cost of goods manufactured = Total production cost per unit × Number of units produced
Total cost of goods manufactured = $64 × 2,080 = $133,120
Total cost of goods sold = Total cost of goods manufactured - Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Total cost of goods sold = $133,120 - (800 × $64) = $79,520
Operating income = Sales revenue - Total cost of goods sold - Variable selling and administrative costs - Fixed marketing costs
Operating income = (1,500 × $101) - $79,520 - (1,500 × $2) - $4,100 = $10,380
Therefore, the company's operating income for the year, based on absorption costing, is $10,380.
(b) Based on variable costing, the company's operating income for the year can be calculated as follows:
Variable cost per unit = Direct materials + Direct labor + Variable overhead
Variable cost per unit = $23 + $17 + $19 = $59
Total variable cost of goods manufactured = Variable cost per unit × Number of units produced
Total variable cost of goods manufactured = $59 × 2,080 = $122,320
Variable cost of goods sold = Total variable cost of goods manufactured - Ending Finished Goods Inventory
Variable cost of goods sold = $122,320 - (800 × $59) = $77,520
Operating income = Sales revenue - Variable cost of goods sold - Variable selling and administrative costs - Fixed marketing costs
Operating income = (1,500 × $101) - $77,520 - (1,500 × $2) - $4,100 = $10,380
Therefore, the company's operating income for the year, based on variable costing, is $10,380.
(c) To calculate the operating income for the following year based on absorption costing and variable costing, we need information on the variable selling and administrative costs for that year. Since the variable selling and administrative costs are not provided, we cannot determine the operating income for the following year using the given information.
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D Question 9 1 pts In an open economy with a given level of real interest rates and risk, a decrease in real interest rates abroad will inflows and capital the equilibrium domestic real interest rate.
In an open economy with a given level of real interest rates and risk, a decrease in real interest rates abroad will lead to capital inflows and lower the equilibrium domestic real interest rate.
When real interest rates decrease abroad, it creates a relative attractiveness for foreign investors to seek higher returns elsewhere. As a result, capital flows from abroad into the domestic economy increase. This influx of capital puts downward pressure on the equilibrium domestic real interest rate. The decrease in real interest rates abroad encourages investors to look for better investment opportunities in the domestic economy. This increase in capital inflows raises the supply of loanable funds within the domestic market. According to the principles of supply and demand, an increase in the supply of loanable funds causes a decrease in the equilibrium real interest rate. Lower domestic real interest rates can have several implications. Firstly, it can stimulate domestic borrowing and investment, as the cost of borrowing becomes more affordable. Secondly, it can potentially lead to increased consumption, as lower interest rates can make financing consumer purchases more attractive.
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The one-year risk-free interest rates are 6 percent in DC and 3 percent in FC. The expected exchange rate appreciation of FC is 4 percent. What is the foreign currency risk premium?
To calculate the foreign currency risk premium, we need to find the difference between the risk-free interest rate in the foreign currency (FC) and the risk-free interest rate in the domestic currency (DC).
Given:
Risk-free interest rate in DC = 6%
Risk-free interest rate in FC = 3%
Expected exchange rate appreciation of FC = 4%
Foreign currency risk premium = Risk-free interest rate in FC - Risk-free interest rate in DC
Foreign currency risk premium = 3% - 6% = -3%
The foreign currency risk premium is -3%.
A negative risk premium indicates that the foreign currency has a lower risk-free interest rate compared to the domestic currency, suggesting a lower return potential in the foreign currency.
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Kyle Connaughton was actively pursuing potential buyers
for a ramen restaurant concept, that he had created. eventually
Chipotle CEO Steve Ells displayed interest in Connaughton's plan.
Connaughton th
In this case, the appeals court will ruled in favor of Connaughton.
Did the appeals court find in favor of Connaughton's claims?The appeals court likely ruled in favor of Connaughton based on the principle of fraudulent inducement. Connaughton's claim that he relied on Ells's omissions about the previous contracted work on the ramen restaurant concept is crucial in establishing the fraudulent inducement.
If Connaughton can demonstrate that he would not have agreed to work with Chipotle had he known about the NDA, then he may be entitled to damages for lost business opportunities and potential liability. The appeals court would consider the evidence presented and assess whether Connaughton's claims have merit leading to a reversal of the trial court's decision.
Full question:
yle Connaughton was actively pursuing potential buyers for a ramen restaurant concept, that he had created. eventually Chipotle CEO Steve Ells displayed interest in Connaughton's plan. Connaughton then tried to cater the design to fit chipotle's needs. Ells initially offered to purchase the Ramen restaurant concept but eventually formed an agreement with Connaughton whereby Connaughton would continue to develop and implement the concept as a culinary director employed by Chipotle. Connaughton was on track to launch a restaurant in New York towards the end of his second year of employment .however he learned from chipotle's chief marketing officer( CMO) that Ells had a non-disclosure agreement (NDA )with another chef who had previously worked on the Ramen restaurant concept with Chipotle the previous arrangement ended after the two parties could not find mutually acceptable terms and the CMO informed Connaughton that the other chef with sue if the restaurant was launched. Connaughton brought up the NDA to Ells who told Connaughton to continue working on the restaurant. Connaughton refused and was fired shortly thereafter following his dismissal Connaughton sued Chipotle and Ells for fraudulent inducement asserting that if it were not for his reasonable reliance on Ells's omissions about the previously contracted work on the ramen restaurant concept, he would not have agreed to work with Chipotle furthermore, Connaughton claimed he was damaged for lost business opportunities in connection to the ramen restaurant concept and that working for Chipotle had opened him up for liability to the chef that had signed an NDA. the trial court sided with Chipotle and the plaintiff appealed. how do you think the appeals court ruled why?
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discuss the role that marketing research can play in helping a coffee shop such as dunkin’ donuts formulate sound marketing strategies.
Marketing research plays a significant role in assisting a coffee shop such as Dunkin' Donuts to develop successful marketing strategies. Marketing research is crucial in any organization since it aids in the formulation of sound marketing strategies.
Marketing research plays a significant role in assisting a coffee shop such as Dunkin' Donuts to develop successful marketing strategies. Marketing research is crucial in any organization since it aids in the formulation of sound marketing strategies. It is an essential tool that businesses utilize to collect data on their current market and customers, industry trends, competition, and external factors that may impact their business operations. Marketing research aims to provide the business with vital information on customer preferences and behavior, which the company can use to improve its products and services and differentiate itself from competitors. The following are some of the ways marketing research can help Dunkin' Donuts to formulate sound marketing strategies: Market segmentation: Marketing research enables Dunkin' Donuts to identify and segment its target market based on factors such as demographics, psychographics, and behavioral characteristics. This segmentation allows Dunkin' Donuts to tailor its marketing efforts to specific groups, thus increasing the effectiveness of its marketing campaigns. Product development: Marketing research provides Dunkin' Donuts with information on customer preferences and needs. The company can use this information to develop new products that meet the customers' needs, tastes, and preferences. Branding: Marketing research enables Dunkin' Donuts to understand how its brand is perceived in the market and identify areas that need improvement. This information can help the company develop effective branding strategies that resonate with its target customers. Pricing: Marketing research provides Dunkin' Donuts with information on how customers perceive its pricing and how it compares to its competitors. This data can help the company develop effective pricing strategies that attract and retain customers. Competition: Marketing research enables Dunkin' Donuts to gather information on its competitors' strengths and weaknesses. This information can help the company develop effective marketing strategies that differentiate it from its competitors. In conclusion, marketing research plays a vital role in helping a coffee shop like Dunkin' Donuts formulate sound marketing strategies. It provides valuable insights on customer behavior, market trends, competition, and other external factors that may affect the business. Dunkin' Donuts can use this information to develop effective marketing strategies that increase its market share, attract and retain customers, and increase profitability. The data obtained from marketing research can help Dunkin' Donuts make informed decisions and stay ahead of the competition.
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Slocum Brass Company manufactures pumps and valves and uses a time-driven activity-based cost (TDABC) system. Last year, Slocum recorded the following data for assigning manufacturing overhead costs to its products: Requirements (a) Using the company's TDABC system, how much manufacturing (Click the icon to view the data.) overhead cost will be assigned to pumps? How much will be assigned to valves? Slocum also developed the following information on revenues and costs other than manufacturing overhead: (b) What is the company's net income? (Assume the company sells the entire amount of the products it produces.) C Requirement (a) Using the company's TDABC system, how much manufacturing overhead cost will be assigned to pumps? How much will be assigned to valves? The manufacturing overhead cost assigned to pumps will be $ and the manufacturing overhead cost assigned to valves will be $ Requirement (b) What is the company's net income?
In Slocum Brass Company's TDABC system, the manufacturing overhead cost assigned to pumps and valves can be calculated based on the time-driven activity rates .
The respective time consumed by each product in each activity. The specific amounts assigned to pumps and valves will depend on the activity rates and the time required for each product in each activity.To calculate the company's net income, we need to consider the revenues and costs other than manufacturing overhead. Given that the company sells the entire amount of products it produces, we can assume that the revenue is equal to the total sales value of the pumps and valves.
Net income is calculated by subtracting all costs, including manufacturing overhead, from the revenue. This includes direct material costs, direct labor costs, and the assigned manufacturing overhead costs. Once we have these figures, we can calculate the net income by subtracting the total costs from the revenue. It's important to note that the provided data does not include information on direct material and direct labor costs. Without these figures, we cannot accurately determine the net income. Additionally, the information does not provide the activity rates or the time consumed by each product in each activity, which are necessary for calculating the manufacturing overhead costs assigned to pumps and valves using the TDABC system.
To accurately calculate the net income, we would need additional information regarding direct material and labor costs, as well as the necessary data for the TDABC system. With that information, we could calculate the manufacturing overhead costs assigned to pumps and valves and determine the company's net income by considering all relevant costs and revenues.
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Martin and RAYN are in partnership with capitals of $28,000 and $14,000 respectively, sharing profits and losses in the ratio of 2: 1. Interest on capital at 5% per annum and a salary of $2,800 per annum are available to RAYN. Due to ill-health, Martin ceased to take active part in the business with effect from January 1, 1998, and following terms were agreed upon: (1) The manager, John, shall be taken as a partner with a capital of $5,000, and be entitled to a salary of $5,250 per annum. Any excess over $2,800 (the salary received by him as manager) is to be borne by Martin personally. (2) RAYN shall get a salary of $3,500 per annum. (3) John shall be entitled to 1/10 share of profits and losses after charging interest on capitals and partners' salaries. (4) Interest on capitals shall be allowed at 5% per annum. The Net Profits for the year ended December 31, 1998, was $22,400 before charging interest on capital and partners' Salaries. Show the division of profits for the year 1998 between the partners.
The division of profits for the year 1998 between the partners is: Martin: $7,467 RAYN: $9,684 John: $8,005.
The calculations required to show the division of profits between the partners for the year 1998 are given below:
Calculation of Interest on Capital: Interest on capital will be calculated at the rate of 5% per annum.
Martin's capital = $28,000
RAYN's capital = $14,000
John's capital = $5,000
Total capital = $28,000 + $14,000 + $5,000 = $47,000
Interest on capital = $47,000 × 5% = $2,350
Distribution of profits before charging interest on capitals and partners' salaries:
Total net profit = $22,400
John's salary = $5,250
RAYN's salary = $3,500
Salary borne by Martin = $5,250 – $2,800 = $2,450
Remaining profit = $22,400 – $5,250 – $3,500 – $2,450 = $11,200
Distribution of remaining profit among partners:
Ratio of profit-sharing: Martin : RAYN = 2 : 1 (as in the question)
Ratio of profit-sharing: RAYN : John = 10 : 1 (as in the question)
Martin's share = 2 / 3 × $11,200 = $7,467
RAYN's share = 1 / 3 × $11,200 + $2,350 (Interest on capital) + $3,500 (Salary) = $9,684
John's share = 1 / 10 × $11,200 + $2,350 (Interest on capital) + $5,250 (Salary) = $8,005
Therefore, the division of profits for the year 1998 between the partners is: Martin: $7,467 RAYN: $9,684 John: $8,005.
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