A client with acute kidney injury (AKI) has been treated with sodium polystyrene sulfonate by mouth. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of this therapy by monitoring follow-up laboratory testing.
In the case of sodium polystyrene sulfonate administration, the nurse would expect to see a decrease in the client's serum potassium levels on laboratory testing. Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a medication used to treat hyperkalemia (high levels of potassium in the blood) by exchanging sodium ions for potassium ions in the gastrointestinal tract, leading to increased potassium excretion in the stool.
Therefore, if the therapy is effective, the client's follow-up laboratory testing should show a reduction in serum potassium levels, indicating successful management of hyperkalemia.
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the patient in the clinic presents with a history of gi bleed, a hemoglobin of 7.8 mg/dl along with heart palpitations and hr of 102 bpm. which additional manifestations should the nurse anticipate in this patient?
The additional manifestations should the nurse anticipate in this patient Dyspnea, option C.
An uncomfortable sensation of not being able to breathe adequately is known as shortness of breath (SOB), which is also referred to medically as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE). The American Thoracic Culture characterizes it as "an emotional encounter of breathing uneasiness that comprises of subjectively particular impressions that change in power", and suggests assessing dyspnea by evaluating the force of its unmistakable sensations, the level of pain and distress included, and its weight or effect on the patient's exercises of day to day living. The tripod position is frequently assumed to be a sign because distinct sensations include effort or work to breathe, chest tightness or pain, and "air hunger" (the feeling of not having enough oxygen).
DiagnosisPro, an online medical expert system, listed 497 distinct causes in October 2010. The most common cardiovascular causes are acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure, while common pulmonary causes include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and pneumonia On a pathophysiological basis, the causes can be divided into the following categories: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e 1) an expanded attention to typical breathing, for example, during a mental breakdown, (2) an expansion in crafted by breathing and (3) an irregularity in the ventilatory or respiratory framework.
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Complete question:
The patient in the clinic presents with a history of GI bleed, a hemoglobin of 7.8 mg/dL along with heart palpitations and HR of 102 bpm. Which additional manifestations should the nurse anticipate in this patient?
a Diarrhea
b Jaundice
c Dyspnea
d Sensitivity to cold
the nurse is caring for a client on hemodialysis who is following the food choice list regarding dietary restrictions. which client choice reflects an understanding of the healthiest food to consume?
The nurse is caring for a client on hemodialysis who is following a food choice list to adhere to dietary restrictions.
To determine the client's understanding of the healthiest food to consume, the nurse should assess the client's food choices. An appropriate choice would be selecting foods low in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. For instance, if the client chooses grilled chicken breast, steamed broccoli, and a small side salad without added salt or high-potassium ingredients, it reflects an understanding of the dietary restrictions.
This meal choice is low in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, which are typically restricted for clients on hemodialysis. By making appropriate food choices, the client can better manage their condition and maintain optimal health while on hemodialysis.
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the nurse is monitoring a child who is receiving ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (edta) with bal (british anti-lewisite) for the treatment of lead poisoning. the nurse reviews the laboratory results for the child during treatment with this medication and is particularly concerned with monitoring which laboratory test result?
The nurse should be particularly concerned with monitoring the child's hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H) levels during treatment with BAL and EDTA for lead poisoning. Option (4)
This is because BAL can cause a drop in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels due to the use of a large volume of saline solution during the procedure. The child may also experience anemia, which can further decrease their hemoglobin and hematocrit levels.
It is important to closely monitor the child's hemoglobin and hematocrit levels and to provide appropriate treatment, such as blood transfusions, if necessary. The cholesterol level, BUN level, and CBC count are not typically affected by BAL and EDTA treatment for lead poisoning.
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Full Question: The nurse is monitoring a child who is receiving ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) with BAL (British anti-Lewisite) for the treatment of lead poisoning. The nurse reviews the laboratory results for the child during treatment with this medication and is particularly concerned with monitoring which laboratory test result?
1.Cholesterol level
2.Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level
3.Complete blood cell (CBC) count
4.Hemoglobin and hematocrit (H&H) levels
a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) is being prepared for discharge. what teaching would be essential for the family to receive before taking the patient home? select all that apply.
A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is being prepared for discharge, and the family should receive essential teaching points before taking the patient home. These include:
A. Proper positioning and turning techniques to prevent pressure ulcers, as immobility can increase the risk of skin breakdown.
B. Safe swallowing techniques and strategies to prevent aspiration, as ALS can affect the muscles involved in swallowing.
C. Assistance with daily activities of living, such as bathing and dressing, as ALS progressively impairs motor function.
D. Administration of medications to manage symptoms and slow disease progression, as specific medications may be prescribed for ALS.
E. Importance of regular physical exercise and mobility exercises to maintain muscle strength, as physical activity can help delay muscle weakness.
F. Recognizing and managing respiratory distress and the use of respiratory support devices, as ALS eventually affects the respiratory muscles.
By providing this education, the family can support the patient's well-being and ensure appropriate care at home.
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Complete Question:
A patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is being prepared for discharge. Which of the following teaching points would be essential for the family to receive before taking the patient home? Select all that apply.
A. Proper positioning and turning techniques to prevent pressure ulcers
B. Safe swallowing techniques and strategies to prevent aspiration
C. Assistance with daily activities of living, such as bathing and dressing
D. Administration of medications to manage symptoms and slow disease progression
E. Importance of regular physical exercise and mobility exercises to maintain muscle strength
F. Recognizing and managing respiratory distress and the use of respiratory support devices
a patient arrives at the hospital with a history of long-term exposure to caustic fumes. assessment reveals a forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (fev1/fvc) ratio of 65% and a functional oxygen saturation of 88%. the patient smokes 1 pack of cigarettes per day and reports a recent increase in sputum production and a change in color from clear to green. in which order should the nurse initiate the collaborative care actions?
In this scenario, the nurse should initiate collaborative care actions in the following order:
Ensure patient safety: As the patient has a history of long-term exposure to caustic fumes and is experiencing respiratory symptoms, the nurse's first priority is to ensure the patient's immediate safety by providing a suitable environment with proper ventilation and removing any potential sources of exposure.Provide oxygen therapy: With a functional oxygen saturation of 88%, the patient is experiencing low oxygen levels. Administering supplemental oxygen is essential to improve oxygenation and address hypoxemia.Assess and address smoking cessation: Since the patient is a smoker, it is crucial to address smoking cessation as it significantly contributes to respiratory symptoms and decreases lung function. The nurse can provide education, counseling, and referral to smoking cessation programs or resources.Obtain sputum culture and initiate appropriate antibiotic therapy: The recent increase in sputum production and change in color to green may indicate a respiratory infection. Obtaining a sputum culture will help identify the causative organism and guide the selection of appropriate antibiotic therapy.By following this order, the nurse ensures immediate safety, addresses oxygenation needs, tackles smoking cessation, and addresses any potential respiratory infection, thus providing comprehensive and appropriate collaborative care for the patient.
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most of the codes in icd-10-cm chapter 13 diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue have site and laterality designations. according to icd-10-cm guidelines what is considered the site?
According to the ICD-10-CM guidelines, the site refers to the specific anatomical location within the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue where a disease or condition is manifested.
It indicates the precise area or part of the body that is affected. The site designation is an important component of ICD-10-CM codes in Chapter 13 as it provides detailed information about the location of the disease or condition.
This level of specificity helps in accurately documenting and coding diagnoses, facilitating effective communication among healthcare professionals and ensuring appropriate medical treatment, billing, and statistical analysis related to musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders.
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a patient is demonstrating signs of increasing intracranial pressure (icp). which nursing actions are indicated to decrease icp? select all that apply.
It is important to note that the specific nursing actions that are indicated will depend on the individual patient's condition and the underlying cause of their increased ICP.
There are several nursing actions that may be indicated to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) in a patient:
Administer diuretics: Diuretics can help reduce the amount of fluid in the body, which can help lower ICP.
Position the patient: Changing the patient's position can help relieve pressure on the brain and decrease ICP. For example, the patient may be placed on their side or in a semi-reclined position.
Administer medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids and barbiturates, may be used to decrease ICP in certain cases.
Monitor the patient's condition closely: Regular monitoring of the patient's neurological status and blood pressure can help identify any changes that may indicate a need for adjustments to the patient's care plan.
Administer mannitol: Mannitol is a medication that can help decrease ICP by increasing urine output and reducing the amount of fluid in the brain.
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Correct Question:
A patient is demonstrating signs of increasing intracranial pressure (icp). which nursing actions are indicated to decrease icp?
a nurse is monitoring a client on sulfonamide therapy. which finding would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is developing thrombocytopenia?
Thrombocytopenia refers to a decrease in the number of platelets in the blood, which can lead to an increased risk of bleeding.
If a nurse is monitoring a client on sulfonamide therapy and suspects the development of thrombocytopenia, they would be vigilant for certain findings. These may include spontaneous or excessive bruising, petechiae (small, pinpoint-sized red or purple spots on the skin), prolonged bleeding from minor cuts or injuries, bleeding gums, blood in the urine or stool, and the presence of unexplained nosebleeds.
Additionally, the nurse would monitor the client for signs of bleeding internally, such as a drop in blood pressure, tachycardia, or signs of organ damage related to hemorrhage. Prompt recognition and reporting of these signs are crucial to ensure timely intervention and prevent complications associated with thrombocytopenia.
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in consuming a high protein diet, why would someone need to consume more water? a. due to the high amounts of saturated fat that accompany the protein b. due to the deamination of nitrogen, excess ammonia must be excreted. c. due to the complex nature of protein structure. d. due to the high amount of calories needing to be metabolized.
The correct answer is b. due to the deamination of nitrogen, excess ammonia must be excreted.
When consuming a high protein diet, the body undergoes the process of deamination, where nitrogen is removed from amino acids to be converted into urea for elimination. This process generates excess ammonia, which is toxic to the body if not excreted. To facilitate the excretion of ammonia, the body requires an adequate amount of water to support kidney function and urine production.
Water helps dilute the urea and other waste products, allowing them to be effectively eliminated through urine. Therefore, consuming more water is necessary to maintain proper hydration and support the body's elimination of nitrogen waste products, particularly when following a high protein diet.
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your pharmacist is quizzing you on dosage forms and asks you which penicillin antibiotic is available in a parenteral dosage form? what do you tell her?
If a pharmacist is quizzing me on dosage forms and asks me which penicillin antibiotic is available in a parenteral dosage form, I would tell her that penicillin G is the only penicillin antibiotic that is available in a parenteral dosage form.
Penicillin G is a commonly used antibiotic that is administered intravenously or intramuscularly for the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. It is often used in situations where oral administration is not feasible, such as in patients with severe infections or allergies to oral medications. Other penicillin antibiotics, such as penicillin V, amoxicillin, and ampicillin, are available in oral dosage forms.
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a patient with neurogenic shock has a sustained heart rate of 38 beats per minute. based on this observation, for what should the nurse prepare the patient?
Based on the observation of a sustained heart rate of 38 beats per minute in a patient with neurogenic shock, the nurse should prepare the patient for the possibility of cardiac arrest.
Neurogenic shock is a type of shock that is caused by a problem with the autonomic nervous system, which can result in a slow and irregular heart rate. If the heart rate remains slow for an extended period of time, it can lead to cardiac arrest, which is a medical emergency that requires immediate intervention. To prepare for the possibility of cardiac arrest, the nurse should:
Administer oxygen: Oxygen can help maintain the patient's oxygen saturation and improve their chances of survival in the event of cardiac arrest.
Monitor the patient's vital signs: The nurse should continue to monitor the patient's vital signs, including their heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate, and report any changes to the healthcare team.
Be prepared to administer cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR): If the patient's heart stops, the nurse should be prepared to administer CPR, which involves chest compressions and artificial ventilation to try to restore the patient's heartbeat.
Notify the healthcare team: The nurse should notify the healthcare team immediately if the patient experiences cardiac arrest or any other medical emergency.
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A sustained heart rate of 38 beats per minute for a patient with neurogenic shock may indicate that the patient is bradycardic, the nurse should prepare the patient for the possibility of a cardiac arrest.
A sustained heart rate of 38 beats per minute for a patient with neurogenic shock may indicate that the patient is bradycardic. Bradycardia is defined as a heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
When a patient is bradycardic, the nurse should prepare the patient for the possibility of a cardiac arrest.
An observation is a formal way of watching and listening to patients and their care, which is essential to assess the patient's condition. Patients in the neurogenic shock have a low cardiac output resulting in the patient experiencing hypotension. This type of shock results from damage to the nervous system, and it can occur due to spinal cord injury.
Hence, a sustained heart rate of 38 beats per minute for a patient with neurogenic shock may indicate that the patient is bradycardic, the nurse should prepare the patient for the possibility of a cardiac arrest.
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the nurse is caring for four patients. which patient condition rquires the highest recommended sodium intake?
Among the four patients being cared for by the nurse, the condition that requires the highest recommended sodium intake would be the patient with hyponatremia.
Hyponatremia refers to an abnormally low level of sodium in the blood, and the primary treatment for this condition involves increasing sodium intake. Sodium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and cellular function. Therefore, the patient with hyponatremia would require the highest recommended sodium intake to restore the sodium levels in their body.
The nurse should closely monitor the patient's sodium levels, administer appropriate sodium-rich foods or intravenous solutions as prescribed, and ensure regular follow-up to assess the response to treatment and adjust sodium intake accordingly.
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which air pollutant most contributes to asthma? responses particulate matter particulate matter emissions emissions carbon monoxide carbon monoxide contaminated groundwater contaminated groundwater
The air pollutant which contributes to asthma is called as particulate matter emissions, option A.
The vaporous models air poisons of essential worry in metropolitan settings incorporate sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide; these are transmitted straightforwardly up high from petroleum products, for example, fuel oil, gas, and flammable gas that are scorched in power plants, autos, and other ignition sources. Additionally, ozone, a major component of smog, is a gaseous pollutant; Complex chemical reactions between nitrogen dioxide and various volatile organic compounds (such as gasoline vapors) in the atmosphere lead to its formation.
Particulates—e.g., soot, dust, smoke, fumes, and mists—are suspensions of extremely small solid or liquid particles suspended in the air, especially those smaller than 10 micrometers (m; Due to their extremely harmful effects on human health, micron-sized air pollutants are significant. They are released by automobiles, residential heating systems, power plants that burn coal or oil, and various industrial processes. Lead fumes, which are airborne particles smaller than 0.5 micrometers in size, are particularly harmful and a significant pollutant of numerous diesel fuels.
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Complete question:
Which air pollutant contributes to asthma?
particulate matter emissions
carbon monoxide
contaminated groundwater
the patient with a chronic aneurysm presents to the clinic with back pain. what objective assessment finding is most concerning to the nurse?
When a patient with a chronic aneurysm presents to the clinic with back pain, the objective assessment finding that is most concerning to the nurse is the presence of a pulsatile or throbbing mass on palpation.
This finding suggests possible rupture or enlargement of the aneurysm. A pulsatile mass indicates that the arterial wall is expanding and contracting, which can be a sign of imminent rupture. Other concerning signs may include severe tenderness, signs of hypovolemic shock (such as low blood pressure and tachycardia), or signs of neurological compromise if the aneurysm is pressing on surrounding structures.
Immediate medical intervention and further diagnostic imaging are typically warranted to evaluate the extent of the aneurysm and plan appropriate management.
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a nurse is preparing a client for bronchoscopy. which instruction should the nurse give to the client?
Before a bronchoscopy, the nurse should provide the following instructions to the client: Fasting: The client should not eat or drink anything for a certain number of hours before the procedure, as advised by the healthcare provider.
Medications: The client should inform the nurse about any medications they are taking, including over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements, and vitamins, and whether they should be taken before or after the procedure.
Allergies: The client should inform the nurse about any allergies they have, including allergies to medications, anesthesia, or latex.
Prepare for the procedure: The client should wash their hands thoroughly with soap and water, and remove any jewelry, makeup, or other items that may interfere with the procedure.
Arrive on time: The client should arrive at the hospital or clinic on time for the procedure, as the nurse will need to prepare them for the procedure.
What to expect during the procedure: The nurse should explain to the client what to expect during the bronchoscopy, including the type of anesthesia used, the duration of the procedure, and any potential risks or complications.
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the nurse is educating unlicensed nursing assistive personnel (nap) about recording output for a client. what fluids should the nurse include in the output for accuracy? select all that apply.
When educating unlicensed nursing assistive personnel (NAP) about recording output for a client, the nurse should emphasize the importance of including the following fluids in the output measurement for accuracy:
A. Urine output: This includes any voided urine or urine collected through a catheter.
B. Gastric drainage: This refers to any fluids drained from the stomach, such as through a nasogastric tube or gastric tube.
C. Emesis (vomitus): This includes any vomited material that is expelled by the client.
D. Wound drainage: This pertains to any fluid or exudate draining from a wound or surgical site.
E. Drainage from surgical drains: This involves any fluid collected from surgical drains, such as Jackson-Pratt or Hemovac drains.
F. Diarrhea: This refers to loose or watery stool that is passed by the client.
Accurately measuring and recording these fluids helps assess the client's fluid balance, organ function, and response to treatment. It allows for early identification of potential issues or complications, ensuring appropriate interventions and care planning.
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Complete Question:
The nurse is educating unlicensed nursing assistive personnel (NAP) about recording output for a client. Which of the following fluids should the nurse include in the output measurement for accuracy? Select all that apply.
A. Urine output
B. Gastric drainage
C. Emesis (vomitus)
D. Wound drainage
E. Drainage from surgical drains
F. Diarrhea
a patient asks what smoking cigarettes has to do with low back pain. what is the best response to the patient?
When a patient asks what smoking cigarettes has to do with low back pain, the best response would be:
Smoking cigarettes can contribute to low back pain due to its effects on the blood vessels and tissues. Smoking reduces blood flow and oxygen delivery to the spinal discs, which are responsible for cushioning the vertebrae in your back. This can lead to degeneration and weakening of the discs, making them more prone to injury and pain.
Smoking also hinders the healing process and can increase inflammation. Quitting smoking may improve blood flow, reduce inflammation, and potentially alleviate low back pain while also benefiting your overall health.
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the client who has been on long-term sulfonamide therapy begins to demonstrate symptoms associated with side affects of the therapy. the nurse knows that these symptoms are related to which complication associated with sulfonamide therapy?
Itching, skin rash, increased sensitivity to sunlight, diarrhoea, headache, loss of appetite, nausea, or vomiting, and weariness are typical adverse effects of sulfonamides. Most bacterial infections and some fungal infections are treated with sulfonamides.
They are especially efficient against urinary tract infections since they have a tendency to concentrate more in the urine. In rare cases, high levels of other medications in this family, such as sulfapyridine, can also result in agranulocytosis and leukopenia in some individuals. This may be another reason for therapeutic monitoring.Other significant sulfonamide adverse effects include nausea, headaches, dizziness, diarrhoea, and skin rashes. Sulfonamides are broad-spectrum antibiotics that stop both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria from growing.
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the nurse understands that patients working in which occupations may have an increased risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)?
Patients working in occupations that involve exposure to smoke, dust, or other respiratory irritants may have an increased risk for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Examples of occupations that may increase the risk of COPD include mining, construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. These jobs often involve working with heavy machinery, breathing in dust and fumes, and being exposed to secondhand smoke. Other factors that may increase the risk of COPD include smoking, exposure to air pollution, a family history of COPD, and certain medical conditions, such as asthma or alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.
It is important for individuals who work in occupations that may increase the risk of COPD to take steps to protect their respiratory health, such as wearing protective equipment, avoiding exposure to respiratory irritants, and quitting smoking if they do smoke. Regular medical check-ups and screening for COPD can also help to detect and manage the condition early on.
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which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a client with renal calculi? decreased cardiac output functional urinary incontinence risk for infection ineffective tissue perfusion (renal)
Threat of infection A client with renal calculi is a good candidate for a nursing diagnosis. For patients with urolithiasis (renal calculi), the following four nurse care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnoses are provided: Chronic Pain. Hence (c) is the correct option.
Urinary Elimination Impairment. Lack of Fluid Volume Risk. A number of medical diagnoses linked to heart failure and acute myocardial infarction include the nursing diagnosis of reduced cardiac output as one of their component parts. Even though medical therapies are a crucial component of the care of critically sick patients, the decision to begin such therapies is frequently made by nurses. A common nursing diagnostic called impaired urinary elimination describes a patient's inability to adequately evacuate urine.
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Which nursing diagnosis is appropriate for a client with renal calculi?
A. Ineffective tissue perfusion (renal)
B. Functional urinary incontinence
C. Risk for infection
D. Decreased cardiac output
EHR systems are becoming extremely popular due to their benefits and advantages. These advantages include better quality of care, more accurate patient info, interoperability, increased efficiency, increased revenue, scalability, accessibility, customization, security, and support.
Based on the above advantages I noted; can you elaborate on one and why you think it is a good advantage for patient care?
EHR systems' accessibility to precise patient data significantly improves patient treatment. It improves decision making for healthcare professionals, lowers medical errors, and facilitates fast and effective therapeutic actions.
Advantages of EHR systems to patientsThe accessibility of more precise patient data is one benefit of electronic health record (EHR) systems that considerably enhances patient care.
All patient data is kept in one place and made available to authorized healthcare practitioners using EHR systems. This implies that when making treatment decisions for a patient, doctors, nurses, and experts involved in their care can quickly and simply obtain the most current and comprehensive information. They have real time access to test findings, imaging reports, prescription histories, and other important information.
EHR systems frequently come with clinical reminders and decision support tools that can assist healthcare professionals in adhering to evidence-based recommendations and best practices.
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the nurse is monitoring the intravenous (iv) infusion of an antineoplastic medication. during the infusion, the client complains of pain at the insertion site. on inspection of the site, the nurse notes redness and swelling and that the infusion of the medication has slowed in rate. the nurse suspects extravasation and would take which actions? select all that apply.
When suspecting extravasation during the intravenous (IV) infusion of an antineoplastic medication, the nurse would take the following actions:
Stop the infusion: The nurse should immediately stop the infusion of the medication to prevent further leakage into the surrounding tissue.Disconnect the IV line: Disconnecting the IV line from the catheter will help prevent further infiltration of the medication.Aspirate residual medication: The nurse may aspirate any remaining medication from the catheter if it can be done without causing further tissue damage.Notify the healthcare provider: Inform the healthcare provider immediately about the situation, providing them with details of the client's symptoms, the appearance of the site, and the slowed infusion rate.Elevate the affected limb: Raising the affected limb above heart level may help reduce swelling and limit the spread of the extravasated medication.Apply cold compresses: Applying cold compresses to the site may help alleviate pain and reduce swelling.Document the incident: It is crucial to document the occurrence, including the client's symptoms, actions taken, and notifications made. Accurate documentation will assist in monitoring the client's progress and guide further interventions.Remember, this information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. In a real-life situation, it is important to consult with healthcare professionals and follow institutional protocols for managing extravasation.
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a patient with low back pain asks what aspirin is supposed to do help with the pain. how should the nurse respond to this patient?
Aspirin is a medication known as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that can help reduce pain, inflammation, and fever.
It works by blocking the production of certain chemicals in the body that cause pain and swelling. By taking aspirin, it can potentially provide relief from your low back pain by reducing inflammation in the affected area. However, it is important to note that aspirin may have side effects and may not be suitable for everyone.
It is recommended to consult with your healthcare provider or pharmacist to ensure it is safe and appropriate for your specific condition, and to discuss the proper dosage and any potential interactions with other medications you may be taking.
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a 36-year-old woman presents to the ed with sudden onset of left-sided chest pain and mild shortness of breath that began the night before. she was able to fall asleep without difficulty but woke up in the morning with persistent pain that is worsened upon taking a deep breath. she walked up the stairs at home and became very short of breath, which made her come to the ed. two weeks ago, she took a 7-hour flight from europe and since then has left-sided calf pain and swelling. what is the most common ecg finding for this patient's presentation?
The most common ECG finding for this patient's presentation is the presence of sinus tachycardia.
Sinus tachycardia is characterized by a heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute originating from the sinus node. In this case, the patient's symptoms, including sudden-onset left-sided chest pain, mild shortness of breath, and worsened pain upon deep breath, along with the history of a recent long-haul flight and left-sided calf pain and swelling, raise suspicion for a pulmonary embolism (PE).
Sinus tachycardia is often seen in patients with PE as a compensatory response to decreased oxygenation and increased workload on the heart. However, further diagnostic testing, such as a CT pulmonary angiogram or ventilation-perfusion scan, would be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of PE.
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a nurse is caring for a client who reports manifestation of gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd). which of the following client statements should the nurse identify as a contributing factor to gerd? a. i have recently stopped drinking alcohol. b. i try to follow a low-fat, high protein diet to help me maintain my weight. c. i stopped drinking caffeinated beverage several weeks ago. d. i like to drink a glass of warm milk before bed to help me sleep.
Consuming a glass of warm milk before bed can contribute to GERD symptoms as it can relax the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and lead to increased acid reflux. The correct option is D
This can worsen the manifestations of GERD, such as heartburn, regurgitation, and chest discomfort. on the other hand, statements a, b, and c suggest positive lifestyle changes that can potentially alleviate GERD symptoms. Avoiding alcohol, following a low-fat, high protein diet, and eliminating caffeinated beverages are all beneficial in managing GERD.
The nurse should provide education to the client about dietary modifications and lifestyle changes that can help manage GERD effectively. This may include avoiding trigger foods, maintaining a healthy weight, eating smaller meals, and elevating the head of the bed during sleep.
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which of the following are specific dietary factors that increase risk for heart disease? check all that apply. group of answer choices high screen time high salt intake using monounsaturated fat instead of saturated fat high fiber intake using saturated fat instead of monounsaturated fat high intake of industrial-produced trans fats family history of heart disease sedentary lifestyle exceeding alcohol recommendations high intake of fat low vegetable intake
The specific dietary factors that increase the risk for heart disease include:
High salt intake: Consuming excessive amounts of salt can contribute to high blood pressure, a risk factor for heart disease.Using saturated fat instead of monounsaturated fat: Diets high in saturated fat, found in animal products and certain oils, can raise cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.High intake of industrial-produced trans fats: Trans fats, commonly found in processed and fried foods, can raise LDL cholesterol levels and increase the risk of heart disease.High intake of fat: Consuming excessive amounts of dietary fat, regardless of the type, can contribute to weight gain and increased risk of heart disease.Low vegetable intake: A diet low in vegetables means missing out on important nutrients, fiber, and antioxidants that are beneficial for heart health.Selecting these options accurately identifies the specific dietary factors that increase the risk for heart disease. It is important to adopt a balanced and heart-healthy diet that includes moderate fat intake, emphasizes monounsaturated fats, limits trans fats and salt, and includes a variety of vegetables.
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Complete Question:
Which of the following are specific dietary factors that increase the risk for heart disease? Check all that apply.
High salt intakeUsing saturated fat instead of monounsaturated fatHigh intake of industrial-produced trans fatsHigh intake of fatLow vegetable intakeshe moans when you apply a sternal rub and swats at your hand, but her eyes remain closed. what is this patient's gcs?
The patient's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score cannot be accurately determined based on the provided information.
The GCS is a neurological assessment tool that evaluates a patient's level of consciousness by assessing three components: eye opening, verbal response, and motor response. The given scenario only provides information about the patient's motor response (swatting at the hand) and a non-specific description of eye status (eyes remain closed).
To calculate the GCS score, all three components need to be assessed and assigned a numerical value. Without information about the patient's eye opening and verbal response, it is not possible to determine their GCS score in this case.
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the rdn is collaborating with the client to identify goals of the intervention and expected outcomes, writing a nutrition prescription, and defining time and frequency of care including intensity, duration and follow up. the rdn is in what step or phase of the nutrition care process?
the rdn is collaborating with the client to identify goals of the intervention, so the step or phase of the nutrition the rdn is in is Planning Phase (option A).
The Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN) is currently in the Planning-Phase of the Nutrition Care Process. In this phase, the RDN collaborates with the client to identify goals of the intervention and expected outcomes. This involves discussing the client's dietary needs, preferences, and health concerns, and then developing a nutrition prescription that aligns with the client's specific requirements. The RDN also determines the appropriate time and frequency of care, considering factors such as the intensity and duration of the intervention, as well as the need for follow-up appointments to monitor progress and make any necessary adjustments. The Planning Phase is a crucial step in designing a tailored nutrition intervention for the client and sets the foundation for the subsequent phases of implementation and monitoring/evaluation.
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complete question:
The RDN is collaborating with the client to identify goals of the intervention and expected outcomes, writing a nutrition prescription, and defining time and frequency of care including intensity, duration and follow up. The RDN is in what step or phase of the Nutrition Care Process?
A. Planning Phase B. Data Collection C. Implementing Phase D. Monitoring and Evaluation
what is the recommended first iv/io dose of admiodarone for patients in cardiac arrest with vf/pvt that is unresponsive to defibrilation
The recommended first intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) dose of amiodarone for patients in cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation (VF).
Pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT) that is unresponsive to defibrillation is typically 300 mg. This initial dose is given as a rapid IV or IO bolus. If needed, a second dose of 150 mg can be administered after the first dose.
However, it is important to follow specific guidelines and protocols established by the healthcare facility and consult with medical professionals to ensure the appropriate dosage and administration based on the individual patient's condition and response to treatment.
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Complete Question:
What is the recommended first intravenous (IV) or intraosseous (IO) dose of amiodarone for patients in cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (PVT) that is unresponsive to defibrillation?
in monitoring a patient recovering from a craniotomy for treatment of a brain tumor, which assessment findings require the nurse to notify the surgeon? select all that apply.
The patient is most likely to have a cerebral angiogram. The patient has a wide neck and tortuous vascular anatomy, which suggests a complex anatomy that may make it difficult to access the aneurysm using traditional methods.
A cerebral angiogram is a minimally invasive procedure that uses X-rays to visualize the blood vessels in the brain, allowing the healthcare team to locate and treat the aneurysm. This procedure is often used in cases where the aneurysm is difficult to reach using other methods, such as endovascular coiling or surgical clipping.
It's important to note that the patient's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 14 suggests that they have a good level of consciousness and are hemodynamically stable, which is also a good indication for proceeding with the procedure.
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Full Question: In monitoring a patient recovering from a craniotomy for treatment of a brain tumor, which assessment findings require the nurse to notify the surgeon?