a) Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the combustion of methane to carbon dioxide and liquid water at 298 K. b) Calculate the standard reaction entropy for the hydrolysis of liquid water to form oxygen and hydrogen gas. c) Do your results in (a) and (b) agree with the general rule that reaction entropies are positive if there is a net formation of gas in a reaction, and negative if the is a net reduction of gas?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer: (a) [tex]\Delta S^{0}[/tex] = - 242.2J/K.mol

              (b) [tex]\Delta S^{0}[/tex] = 163.34J/K.mol

              (c) Yes

Explanation: Entropy is the measure of randomness or disorder of a system. Standard Entropy has the symbol [tex]S^{0}[/tex].

Mathematically, Entropy is defined as

[tex]\Delta S^{0}=\Sigma S^{0}(products)-\Sigma S^{0}(reagents)[/tex]

Each substance has its own entropy value.

(a) Combustion of Methane:

[tex]CH_{4}+2O_{2}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]CO_{2}+2H_{2}O[/tex]

Using standard entropy table, entropy will be:

[tex]\Sigma S^{0}(products)=214+2(69.91)[/tex] = 353.8

[tex]\Sigma S^{0}=186.264+2(205.138)[/tex] = 596.54

[tex]\Delta S^{0}=[/tex] 353.8 - 596.54

[tex]\Delta S^{0}=[/tex] - 242.2

Standard Entropy for combustion of methane is [tex]\Delta S^{0}=[/tex] - 242.2 J/K.mol.

(b) Hydrolysis of Water:

[tex]H_{2}O_{(l)}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]H_{2}_{(g)}+1/2O_{2}_{(g)}[/tex]

[tex]\Sigma S^{0}(products)=130.684+0.5(205.138)[/tex] = 233.253

[tex]\Sigma S^{0}(reagents)=69.91[/tex]

[tex]\Delta S^{0}=[/tex] 233.253 - 69.91

[tex]\Delta S^{0}=[/tex] +163.34

Standard Entropy for hydrolysis of water is [tex]\Delta S^{0}=[/tex] + 163.34 J/K.mol

(c) Yes, the results prove the general rule: Reactions Entropies are positive for net formation of gas and negative for net reduction of gas. This happens because, as entropy is the measure of disorder, the entropy for gases are greater than for liquids and solids. So, when there is formation of a gas, Entropy increases and when there isn't, entropy decreases.


Related Questions

In the acetylene torch, acetylene gas (C2H2)(C2H2) burns in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy: 2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)⟶Δ4CO2(g)+2H2O(g)2C2H2(g)+5O2(g)⟶Δ4CO2(g)+2H2O(g) You may want to reference (Pages 241 - 243) Section 7.7 while completing this problem. Part A How many moles of O2O2 are needed to react with 1.85 molmol of C2H2C2H2? Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units. nn(O2O2) = nothingnothing SubmitRequest Answer

Answers

Answer:

4.63 mol

Explanation:

Step 1: Write the balanced complete combustion reaction of acetylene

2 C₂H₂(g) + 5 O₂(g) ⟶ 4 CO₂(g) + 2 H₂O(g)

Step 2: Establish the appropriate molar ratio

According to the balanced equation, the molar ratio of C₂H₂ to O₂ is 2:5.

Step 3: Calculate the number of moles of O₂ needed to react with 1.85 moles of C₂H₂

We will use the stoichiometric molar ratio.

1.85 mol C₂H₂ × (5 mol O₂/2 mol C₂H₂) = 4.63 mol O₂

The table shows four reactions.
Reactions
Reaction Equation
C₃ H8+ 50₂ 3C02 + 4H20
2Ca + O2- 2CaO
AgNO3 + NaCl
AGCI + NaNO3
CH3COOH + 202 - 2CO2 + 2H20
4
Which of the above reactions is an example of combustion of an Inorganic substance? (5 points)

Answers

Answer: 2

Explanation:

A combustion reaction must include O2 as a reactant.

An inorganic substance almost never includes carbon.

So, by process of elimination:

1. Carbon is a reactant = probably not

2. Has O2, no carbon = yes

3. O2 is not a reactant = no

4. Carbon is a reactant = probably not

An example of the combustion of an inorganic substance is:

2 Ca + O₂ ⇒ 2 CaO

We have 4 reactions and we want to determine which is an example of combustion of an inorganic substance.

What is combustion?

A combustion reaction is a reaction in which a substance reacts with oxygen gas, releasing energy in the form of light and heat.

What is the difference between organic and inorganic substances?

Organic substances always contain carbon while most inorganic substances do not contain carbon.

Let's consider the following reactions.

C₃H₈ + 5 O₂ ⇒ 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O

This is a combustion reaction but C₃H₈ is an organic substance.

2 Ca + O₂ ⇒ 2 CaO

This is an example of the combustion of an inorganic substance.

AgNO₃ + NaCl ⇒ AgCI + NaNO₃

This is not a combustion reaction.

CH₃COOH + 2 O₂ ⇒ 2 CO₂ + 2 H₂O

This is a combustion reaction but CH₃COOH is an organic substance.

An example of the combustion of an inorganic substance is:

2 Ca + O₂ ⇒ 2 CaO

Learn more about combustion here: https://brainly.com/question/4155165

An elemental metal contains how many types of atoms?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4

Answers

Answer:

a

Explanation:

all elemental metals are made up of only one type of element

Answer:

It is 1.

Explanation:

middle school science help please

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 'All of the above'

Explanation:

because the hydrogen ions are represented by the symbol H+, they increase the PH value of a solution if less amount is added but they decrease the PH value of a solution if a larger amount of hydrogen ions are added but still they increase the PH value, and of course, they contribute to a solution by a base.

Answer:

Hydrogen ions are represented by H+.

Explanation:

Hydrogen ions usually decreases the pH value when added to a solution.Hydrogen ions are contributed to a solution by a acid.


The percent ionization of a 0.350 M HC,H,O2 solution. Ka(HC2H302)​

Answers

Answer:

The answer is 56

Explanation:

i need points

how can use a BIPHASIC LIQUIDS​

Answers

Answer:

BIPHASIC LIQUIDS are used ear cleaning, to softening the wax so that mild infections can be treated.

Explanation:

BIPHASIC LIQUIDS are liquids that contain two immiscible phases, one is suspension and the other is emulsion. In suspension, the finely solid are dispersed in a liquid or semi solidwhich is use for medicament

The emulsion consist of immiscible liquids, one is dispersed in globules.

They are used ear cleaning, to softening the wax so that mild infections can be treated.

A paint chip is placed in ethanol and curls what type of paint is it

Answers

Answer:

it is probably acrylic or latex

Explanation:

There are two types of chemical compound one is covalent compound and other is ionic compound, covalent compound formed by sharing of electron and ionic compound formed by complete transfer of electron. Therefore, the type of paint is  acrylic or latex.

What is chemical Compound?

Chemical Compound is a combination of molecule, Molecule forms by combination of element and element forms by combination of atoms in fixed proportion.

An ionic compound is a metal and nonmetal combined compound.  Ionic compound are very hard. They have high melting and boiling point because of strong ion bond.  If the chip remains flat when put in ethanol, it is probably an oil-based paint. If the chip curls, it is probably acrylic or latex. So, The type of paint is  acrylic or latex.

Therefore, the type of paint is  acrylic or latex.

To learn more about chemical compound, here:

brainly.com/question/26487468

#SPJ2

Law of Universal Gravitation (what factors affect gravity and how?)

Answers

Explanation:

Hey there!

According to the law of gravitation, the factors that affects the gravity are:

Mass of the heavenly bodies.Distance from the centre of the body to next body.

Mass of heavenly bodies:The mass of heavenly bodies affect the gravity. We know that gravity is directly proportional to the mass of heavenly bodies. so, when the mass is more there is more gravity and where there is less mass there is less gravity.

Distance from the centre of the body to next body: It is one of the factor to influence gravity. When there is more distance there is less gravity and where there is distance more force is there. Is means gravity is inversely proportional to the distance between the bodies.

Hope it helps...

When the volume of a gas is
changed from 3.6 L to 15.5 L, the
temperature will change from
°C to 87°C.
Assume that the number of moles and the
pressure remain constant.
Be sure to notice that temperatures are
given in °C!

Answers

Answer:

-189.55°C

Explanation:

Given data:

Initial volume of gas = 3.6 L

Final volume of gas = 15.5 L

Initial temperature = ?

Final temperature = 87°C (87+273 = 360 K)

Solution:

The given problem will be solve through the Charles Law.

According to this law, The volume of given amount of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant number of moles and pressure.

Mathematical expression:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

V₁ = Initial volume

T₁ = Initial temperature

V₂ = Final volume  

T₂ = Final temperature

Now we will put the values in formula.

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂

T₁  = V₁T₂  /V₂

T₁   = 3.6 L × 360 K / 15.5 L

T₁   = 1296 L.K / 15.5 L

T₁  = 83.6 K

Kelvin to °C:

83.6 K - 273.15 = -189.55°C

which force does the truck use to move the car with it A.push B.pull C.gravity D.Friction

Answers

it is push i think to move the car

Answer:

Either A. Push or B.Pull because the truck is either pushing or pulling the car to move it. So it depends on if it's pushing or pulling the car.

Explanation:

Which event would most likely lead to a thunderstorm g i v i n g b r a i n l e s i t HELP
--

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

hope it helps

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I got right

d = 7 V = 950 cm M = 95 g
0.1 g/cm3
0.1 cm3
90,250 g
90,250 g/cm3

Answers

Answer:

daddy chill

Explanation:

If 33.9g NaCl are mixed into water and the total mass is 578g, what is the CHANGE in freezing if Kb= - 1.82C/M (molal)? Assume NaCl does not dissociate in solution.

Answers

Answer:

-1.82 °C

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Mass of NaCl (solute): 33.9 gMass of water (solvent): 578 g = 0.578 kgFreezing point depression constant for water (Kb): -1.82 °C/m

Step 2: Calculate the molality of the solution

We will use the following expression.

m = mass of solute / molar mass of solute × kg of solvent

m = 33.9 g / 58.44 g/mol × 0.578 kg

m = 1.00 m

Step 3: Calculate the freezing point depression (ΔT)

The freezing point depression is a colligative property that, for a non-dissociated solute, can be calculated using the following expression:

ΔT = Kb × m

ΔT = -1.82 °C/m × 1.00 m

ΔT = -1.82 °C

How can the rate of a reaction be increased?

(A) decreasing the amount of reactants

(B) having more surface area

(C) diluting a solution

(D) lowering the temperature

Answers

Explanation:

Rate of reaction can be increased by having more surface area.

Therefore,

Option B is correct✔

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Which compound would you expect to be soluble in the nonpolar solvent carbon disulfide?

Answers

Answer:

hexane C6H14

IS YOUR ANSWER

Explanation:

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Which part of the immune system can be "trained" using vaccines?

Answers

The adaptive immune system, because it is more specific to the foreign substances in the body and adapts to remove or fight them

What type of reaction occurs between an element and a compound?

Answers

Answer:

exothermic reaction

Explanation:

because it occurs in the presence of heat

name the group and period of an element having atomic number 21​

Answers

Answer:

The element in question here is Scandium, with an atomic number of 21. It is situated in Group 3 and Period 4 of the Periodic Table.

Explanation:

Hope this helped!

Scandium has an atomic value of 21 it is in group 3, period 4 of the periodic table

which event would most likely lead to a thunderstorm g i v i n g b r a i n l e s i t

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

I took a test like this and my teacher said this was right so ye. hopefully I remembered correctly if its wrong im sorry ;C

Answer: A

Explanation: A thunderstorm forms when warm, moist air rises into cold air. Hope this helps. :)

tide occur in ocean but not in lake why​

Answers

Answer:

Because while our lakes are Great, they're comparatively much smaller than oceans. And the gravitational pull isn't strong.

In a molecule of calcium sulfide, calcium has two valence electron bonds, and a sulfur atom has six valence electrons. How many lone pairs of electrons are present in the Lewis structure of calcium sulfide?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
E. none

Also, state why.

Answers

Answer:

E

because it forms the ionic bond but not covalent.

PLEASE HELP WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST

Answers

Answer:

Coefficients represents no of moles while subscripts represent no of atoms.

Answer:

Coefficients came before formula . Example = 4CO means there are 4 molecules of carbonmonooxide.

Subscripts came after and below the formula . Example = Oxygen gas in which 2 is a subscript which means there are 2 atoms of Oxygen in 1 molecule of Oxygen i.e. oxygen gas

Which type of energy is the tree changing the light energy into?

Answers

Answer: Chemical energy

Explanation: In this case plants convert light energy (1) into chemical energy, (in molecular bonds), through a process known as photosynthesis. Most of this energy is stored in compounds called carbohydrates. The plants convert a tiny amount of the light they receive into food energy.

Answer:

chemical energy

In this case plants convert light energy into chemical energy, (in molecular bonds), through a process known as photosynthesis. Most of this energy is stored in compounds called carbohydrates. The plants convert a tiny amount of the light they receive into food energy.

Explanation:

Calculate the energies of the n=2 and n=3 states of the hydrogen atom in Joules per
atom

Answers

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

Positional Energy for electron as function of principle energy level (n)

=> Eₙ = -A/n²; A = 2.18x10⁻¹⁸J

Positional Energy for electron in n=2 => E₂ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸/(2)² = -5.45x10⁻¹⁹J

Positional Energy for electron in n=3 => E₃ = -2.18x10⁻¹⁸/(3)² = -2.42x10⁻¹⁹J

ΔE(n=3→2) = -5.45x10⁻¹⁹J - (-2.42x10⁻¹⁹J) =   -3.03x10⁻¹⁹J

what's the formula for na and f , ca and br , mg and O ​

Answers

Answer:

NaF, CaBr2, MgO

Explanation:

Hi! For this problem, you are going to want to look at the charges of the elements in order to write their formulas.

NaF: Na has a charge of +1 and F has a charge of -1. This means that they have a 1:1 ratio and the formula is written as such - NaF.

CaBr2: Ca has a charge of +2 and Br has a charge of -1. For this problem you want to make sure that their formal charge (the charge of the entire molecule) equals 0. This means that the negative charges need to equal the positive charges. Looking at this, you are going to need to Br ions with a charge of -1 to equal one Ca ion with a charge of +2 - CaBr2.

MgO: Mg has a charge of +2 and O has a charge of -2. This means that they have a 2:2 ratio which simplifies to a 1:1 ratio and the formula is written as such - MgO.

Hope this helps!

Question 1 / 1
Which of the following is a covalent bond?
A. CO2
B. NaCl
C. Fe2O,

Answers

Answer:

Chemistry deals with matter, and there is a tremendous variety of matter in the universe. The behavior of matter depends on the type of elements that are present and on the structure of those elements—how they are connected to make a molecule. In this exercise, you will evaluate some representative models to develop the rules used to classify a compound, to predict the formula of a compound, and to name the compound. This exercise is just the beginning of the work needed to be done to master the rules of writing formulas and nomenclature. Your textbook has tables of the names and formulas of common cations and anions, and discusses the rules of nomenclature in detail. You will need to spend some time with this material, as the formal rules of nomenclature may not be presented in lecture, although they will certainly be used in discussions of Lewis structures and reaction chemistry.

Explanation:

In a covalent compound, valence electrons are shared between the two atoms in the bond. These can be evenly shared (covalent bond) or unevenly shared (polar covalent bond). In an ionic bond, electrons are localized to one of the atoms (giving it an overall negative charge), while the other atom has an overall positive charge. The difference in electronegativity between the two atoms in the bond can help predict whether the bond is likely to be ionic, covalent, or polar covalent, as can the type of atoms involved (metals or non-metals). A bond with two identical atoms is always pure covalent, while a covalent bond with two different atoms is likely to be polar covalent.

What is the name of the compound with the formula LiNO3?

Answers

Answer:

Lithium nitrate

Explanation:

Lithium nitrate is an inorganic compound with the formula LiNO3. It is the lithium salt of nitric acid (an alkali metal nitrate).

Help me if you know this pleaseeee

Answers

Answer:

help you with what?

Explanation:


Explain how atomic
radius, valence electrons
and effect nuclear charge
creates the trend for metal
reactivity.

Answers

Answer:A higher effective nuclear charge causes greater attractions to the electrons, pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus which results in a smaller atomic radius. Down a group, the number of energy levels (n) increases, so there is a greater distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital.

Answer:

A higher effective nuclear charge causes greater attractions to the electrons, pulling the electron cloud closer to the nucleus which results in a smaller atomic radius. Down a group, the number of energy levels increases, so there is a greater distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital.Explanation:

for tour substances.
Melting and Boiling
Points of Substances
Name
Melting Boiling
Point (°C) Point (°C)
-101
-35
-210
- 196
Chlorine
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrogen
-218
183
-259
-253
Which substance is a solid at -200°C?

Answers

Oxygen would be the answer because melting point is top
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