Answer:
[tex]1.93~M[/tex]
Explanation:
We can start with the data given by the problem:
Mass of HF = 12.0 g
Volume of solution = [tex]3.1x10^2[/tex]mL
If we want to calculate the "concentration", we have to remember the molarity equation:
[tex]M=\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]
So, we need to know the moles and the litters if we want to calculate the molarity.
Calculation of Litters
We already have a volume value, but the value given by the problem has "mL". So, we have to do a conversion. In 1 L we have 1000 mL (1 L = 1000 mL), therefore:
[tex]3.1x10^2~mL\frac{1~L}{1000~mL}=0.31~L[/tex]
Calculation of moles
In this case, the compound is HF. So, we need to know the molar mass of HF if we want to do the conversion from grams to moles. The atomic mass of "F" is 18.99 g/mol and the atomic mass of "H" is 1 g/mol. So:
18.99 + 1 = 20 g /mol
In other words, 1 mol of HF is equal to 20 g (1 mol = 20 g HF). With this in mind, we can calculate the moles in the 12 g:
[tex]12~g~HF\frac{1~mol~HF}{20~g~HF}=~0.6~mol~HF[/tex]
Calculation of the concentration of the solution
With these values know we can calculate the molarity:
[tex]M=\frac{0.6~mol~HF}{0.31~L}=1.93~M[/tex]
I hope it helps!
Indicate the types of forces that are involved between the solute and solvent when forming a homogeneous solution between CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3.
a. dispersion forces
b. dipole-dipole forces
c. hydrogen bonding
d. ion-dipole forces
2. Indicate the types of forces that are involved between the solute and solvent when forming a homogeneous solution between LiNO3 and H2O.
a. dispersion forces
b. dipole-dipole forces
c. hydrogen bonding
d. ion-dipole forces
Answer:
1) dispersion forces
2) ion-dipole forces
Explanation:
For the formation of a solution of the substances, CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3, dispersion forces are involved. Recall that the both are organic substances hence they are both molecular in nature. They are not only molecular, they are nonpolar molecules. This implies that only dispersion forces are the possible intermolecular forces.
For the formation of a solution of LiNO3 and H2O, the dipoles of water interacts strongly with the ions Li^+ and NO3^- thereby separating the ions in solution. The positive dipole of water interacts with NO3^- while the negative dipole of water interacts with Li^+.
Therefore, the interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules is ion-dipole forces.
Dispersion forcesIon-dipole forcesDispersion Forces:
They are the weakest form of intermolecular force. The attraction between molecules is temporary.
it is due to temporary assymetric distribution of electrons in the molecules. It is found in the non-polar molecules.For example- Interaction between [tex]\bold { CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3 }[/tex] and [tex]\bold { CH_3CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_2CH_3 }[/tex]
Ion-dipole forces:
The attraction between molecules is due to the interaction between opposite ions of molecules.
The distribution of electrons is asymmeric. This interaction is seen between polar molecules.For example- Interaction between [tex]\bold { LiNO_3 }[/tex] and [tex]\bold { H_2O }[/tex]
Therefore, the interaction between nonpolar molecules is dispersion forces while between polar molecules is ion- dipole forces.
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If the charge on the chloride ion is -1, what is the charge on the magnesium ion in the compound MgCl2?
Answer:
+2
Explanation:
Because the charge of the chloride ion is negative, that means that the charge of the magnesium ion must be positive since cations and anions go together, not cation and cation nor anion and anion. Using the "reverse criss-cross method", since the subscript of Mg is 1, that means that this is the lowest whole number ratio so we don't need to worry about simplifying. Therefore, since the charge of Cl is 2, the answer is +2.
how many moles of ions are produced by ionization of 2 moles of MgCl2
Answer:
number of ions = 12.04 x 10^²³
Explanation:
n = number of ions/Avogadro's constant
2 = number of ions/6.02 x 10^²³
number of ions= 2 x 6.02 x 10^²³
number of ions = 12.04 x 10^²³
A 1.00 liter solution contains 0.31 M sodium acetate and 0.40 M acetic acid. If 0.100 moles of barium hydroxide are added to this system, indicate whether the following statements are TRUE or FALSE . (Assume that the volume does not change upon the addition of barium hydroxide.)
a. The number of moles of CH3COOH will remain the same.
b. The number of moles of CH3COO- will increase.
c. The equilibrium concentration of H3O+ will decrease.
d. The pH will decrease.
e. The ratio of [CH3COOH] / [CH3COO-] will remain the same.
Answer and Explanation:
The buffer solution is composed by sodium acetate (CH₃COONa) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH). Thus, CH₃COOH is the weak acid and CH₃COO⁻ is the conjugate base, derived from the salt CH₃COONa.
If we add a strong base, such as barium hydroxide, Ba(OH)₂, the base will dissociate completely to give OH⁻ ions, as follows:
Ba(OH)₂ ⇒ Ba²⁺ + 2 OH⁻
The OH⁻ ions will react with the acid (CH₃COOH) to form the conjugate base CH₃COO⁻.
Initial number of moles of CH₃COOH = 0.40 mol/L x 1 L = 0.40 mol
Initial number of moles of CHCOO⁻= 0.31 mol/L x 1 L = 0.31 mol
moles of OH- added: 2 OH-/mol x 0.100 mol/L x 1 L = 0.200 OH-
According to this, the following are the answers to the sentences:
a. The number of moles of CH₃COOH will remain the same ⇒ FALSE
The number of moles of CH₃COOH will decrease, because they will react with OH⁻ ions
b. The number of moles of CH₃COO⁻ will increase ⇒ TRUE
Moles of CH₃COO⁻ will be formed from the reaction of the acid (CH₃COOH) with the base (OH⁻ ions)
c. The equilibrium concentration of H₃O⁺ will decrease ⇒ FALSE
The equilibrium concentration of OH⁻ is increased
d. The pH will decrease⇒ FALSE
pKa for acetic acid is 4.75. We add the moles of base to the acid concentration and we remove the same number of moles from the conjugate base in the Henderson-Hasselbach equation to calculate pH:
[tex]pH= pKa + log \frac{[conjugate base + base]}{[acid - base]}[/tex]
pH = 4.75 + log (0.31 mol + 0.20 mol)/(0.40 mol - 0.20 mol) = 5.15
Thus, the pH will increase.
In a typical situation, emissions from which category of activities comprise the largest amount of CO2 release into the atmosphere?
Answer:
Emission of CO2 from burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gases and oil) is the activity that releases the largest amount of CO2 into the atmosphere.
Explanation:
The emission of CO2 is a major world crisis which is one of the single most contributor to global warming and rapid climate change. Fossil fuels produced from the remains of living organisms millions of years ago, under intense heat and pressure, has been the major fuel source for human industrial and domestic activities. Industries rely heavily on fossil fuels to power their machines and for industrial heating, movement and transportation now heavily depends on fossil fuel energy, and even basic heating and cooking process now depends on fossil fuel. Some of this activities rely on fossil fuel directly, or indirectly; by depending on power generated from power houses that generates electricity from the combustion of fossil fuels in huge generators. The after effect of all these energy demand is that more CO2 than ever is constantly released into the atmosphere.
Select the correct classification for the reaction
2Li(s) + Br2() - 2LIBr(s)
Double displacement, decomposition, single displacement, combustion, combination
Answer:
This is a combination reaction because Li and Br are combining.
Chlorine gas can be prepared in the laboratory by the reaction of hydrochloric acid with manganese(IV) oxide.4HCl(aq)+MnO2(s)⟶MnCl2(aq)+2H2O(l)+Cl2(g)A sample of 36.9 g MnO2 is added to a solution containing 48.9 g HCl.What is the limiting reactant?MnO2HClWhat is the theoretical yield of Cl2?theoretical yield:g Cl2If the yield of the reaction is 74.7%, what is the actual yield of chlorine?actual yield:g Cl2
Answer:
HCl is limiting reactant
Theoretical yield: 23.8g Cl₂
Actual yield: 17.6g C₂
Explanation:
Based on the reaction:
4HCl(aq)+MnO2(s)⟶MnCl2(aq)+2H2O(l)+Cl2(g)
4 moles of HCl reacts per mole of MnO₂ to produce 1 mole of MnCl₂ and Cl₂ and 2 moles of water.
To find the limiting reactant you must know the moles of each reactant and knowing that 4 moles of HCl reacts per mole of MnO₂ you can sikve this problem, thus:
Moles HCl (Molar mass: 36.46g/mol): 48.9g ₓ (1mol / 36.46g/mol) =
1.341 moles HCl
Moles MnO₂ (Molar mass: 86.937g/mol): 36.9g ₓ (1mol / 86.937g) =
0.424 moles MnO₂
For a complete reaction of 0.424 moles of MnO₂ you require:
0.424moles MnO₂ ₓ (4 moles HCl / 1 mole MnO₂) = 1.696 moles of HCl.
As you have just 1.341 moles of HCl. HCl is limiting reactant.
Theoretical yield means, in the reaction, that 4 moles of HCl will produce 1 mole of Cl₂. As moles of HCl are 1.341:
1.341 moles HCl ₓ (1 mole Cl₂ / 4 moles HCl) = 0.33525 moles Cl₂
In grams (Molar mass Cl₂: 70.9g/mol):
Theoretical yield: 0.33525 moles Cl₂ ₓ (70.9g / mol) = 23.8g Cl₂
As yield of reaction is 74.7%, the real mass of Cl₂ you obtain (Actual yield) is:
23.8g Cl₂ ₓ 74% = 17.6g C₂
Two moles of copper (II) sulfate,CuSO4,contains blank moles of O
Answer:
8 mol
Explanation:
Step 1: Given data
Moles of copper (II) sulfate: 2 mol
Chemical formula of copper (II) sulfate: CuSO₄
Step 2: Establish the molar ratio of copper (II) sulfate to oxygen
According to the chemical formula, the molar ratio of copper (II) sulfate to oxygen is 1:4.
Step 3: Calculate the moles of O in 2 mol of CuSO₄
[tex]2molCuSO_4 \times \frac{4molO}{1molCuSO_4} = 8molO[/tex]
Which is not a compound? A.They are substances B. They have compositions that vary C. They can be physically separated into their component Elements. D. They have properties similar to those of their component elements.
Answer:
D.They have properties similar to those of their component elements.
Explanation:
When elements are joined, the atoms lose their individual properties and have different properties from the elements they are made of .
A sample of gas is observed to effuse through a pourous barrier in 4.98 minutes. Under the same conditions, the same number of moles of an unknown gas requires 6.34 minutes to effuse through the same barrier. The molar mass of the unknown gas is:________.
g/mol.
Answer:
The molar mass of the unknown gas is [tex]\mathbf{ 51.865 \ g/mol}[/tex]
Explanation:
Let assume that the gas is O2 gas
O2 gas is to effuse through a porous barrier in time t₁ = 4.98 minutes.
Under the same conditions;
the same number of moles of an unknown gas requires time t₂ = 6.34 minutes to effuse through the same barrier.
From Graham's Law of Diffusion;
Graham's Law of Diffusion states that, at a constant temperature and pressure; the rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its density.
i.e
[tex]R \ \alpha \ \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{d}}[/tex]
[tex]R = \dfrac{k}{d}[/tex] where K = constant
If we compare the rate o diffusion of two gases;
[tex]\dfrac{R_1}{R_2}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{d_2}{d_1}}[/tex]
Since the density of a gas d is proportional to its relative molecular mass M. Then;
[tex]\dfrac{R_1}{R_2}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{M_2}{M_1}}[/tex]
Rate is the reciprocal of time ; i.e
[tex]R = \dfrac{1}{t}[/tex]
Thus; replacing the value of R into the above previous equation;we have:
[tex]\dfrac{R_1}{R_2}={\dfrac{t_2}{t_1}}[/tex]
We can equally say:
[tex]{\dfrac{t_2}{t_1}}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{M_2}{M_1}}[/tex]
[tex]{\dfrac{6.34}{4.98}}= {\sqrt{\dfrac{M_2}{32}}[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = 32 \times ( \dfrac{6.34}{4.98})^2[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = 32 \times ( 1.273092369)^2[/tex]
[tex]M_2 = 32 \times 1.62076418[/tex]
[tex]\mathbf{M_2 = 51.865 \ g/mol}[/tex]
Earth's lithosphere is made of slabs called plates. The movement within Earth's interior causes plates to move. How the plates behave affects the shape of Earth’s crust. Which statement describes the movement of plates 1 and 2? They are moving toward each other. They are rubbing past each other. They are moving away from each other. They are rising and sinking.
Answer:
C they are moving away from each other
Explanation:
They are moving away from each other is the best statement which
describes plates 1 and 2.
Tectonic shift occurs when plates move towards or away from each other as
a result of the process known as Convection. The heat in the earth's core
brings about movement of molten rocks in the mantle.
The movement of plates 1 and 2 shows they are moving away from each
other due to the direction of motion and relative distance between them.
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List the following compounds in order from strongest acid to weakest acid. Rank the acids from strongest to weakest.
CH2CHCH2COOH CH2CH2CH2COOH CH3CHCH2COOH CH3CH2CH2COOH
Strongest Weakest
Answer:
CH3CH2CH2COOH<CH2(F)CH2CH2COOH<CH3CH(F)CH2COOH<CH2(F)CH(F)CH2COOH
Explanation:
We know that the presence of highly electronegative elements in carboxylic acid molecules lead to -I inductive effect. This implies that electrons are withdrawn along the chain towards the electronegative element. As electrons are withdrawn towards the electronegative element, the electron cloud of the carbonyl- hydrogen bond in the acid weakens and the hydrogen can now be easily lost as a proton, that is , the molecule becomes more acidic.
The -I inductive effect increases with increase in the number of electronegative elements present in the molecule and the proximity of the electronegative element to the carbonyl group. The closer the electronegative element is to the carbonyl group, the greater the acidity of the molecule since the -I inductive effect dies out with increasing distance from the carbonyl group. Also, the more the number of electronegative elements in the molecule, the greater the - I inductive effect and the greater the acidity of the molecule, hence the answer.
Which of the following best explains why overfishing is considered a bad practice? a. Overfishing is not sustainable and ultimately depletes a fishery. b. Overfishing is a more expensive fishing practice. c. Overfishing results in species becoming overpopulated. d. Overfishing prevents the formation of protected habitats.
Answer:
The answer is A
Overfishing is not sustainable and ultimately depletes a fishery. Therefore, the correct option is option A among all the given options.
What is overfishing?Overfishing is the activity of capturing more fish than their population can replenish. The population continues to diminish until it is completely wiped off. Bycatch is another phrase that is frequently used in conjunction with overfishing.
This refers to fish captured in nets designed for a certain breed. Dolphins, sea turtles, as well as other non-target fish, for example, are frequently caught in nets designed for anchoveta pollock. Trawling is another kind of overfishing. This is the process of scrapping the ocean floor and scooping up everything within reach within a certain region. Overfishing is not sustainable and ultimately depletes a fishery.
Therefore, the correct option is option A.
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4
Select the correct answer.
Which of the following describes a compound? (Hint: Carbon and oxygen both appear on the periodic table.)
ОА.
a piece of pure carbon, containing only carbon atoms
OB. oxygen gas surrounding a solid piece of carbon
a substance made of two oxygen atoms for each carbon atom
OD
carbon and oxygen atoms mixed without being bonded together
what is the electron configuration of the iodide ion?
A. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²
B. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶
C. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶
D. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰
Answer:
the answer to this question is C
The electron configuration of the iodide ion is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶. The correct option is option C.
What is electron configuration ?The arrangement of an atom's or molecule's electrons in their respective atomic or molecular orbitals is known as its electron configuration; for instance, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6.
According to electronic configurations, electrons move individually within each orbital while interacting with the average field produced by all other orbitals. The corrosion potential and reactivity of an atom may be calculated from its electron configuration. The electron configuration of the iodide ion is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶3d¹⁰4s²4p⁶4d¹⁰5s²5p⁶.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.
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calculate the potential energy per ion for an infinite one dimensional crystal which will alternate sodium and chloride ions
Answer:
[tex]u/n = \frac{-e^2}{4\pi \epsilon r} (ln2)[/tex]
Explanation:
given data
we will take here
sodium ions = positive charge
chloride ions = negative cgarge
solution
as when we take Na positive charge so Number of origin is
d = 0
and here pair of ions with negative charge at d = - r
and d = +r
therefore
[tex]u = \frac{-2e^2}{4\pi \epsilon r} \times \frac{1}{r} \times \sum _n {\frac{1}{n}}(-1)^{n-1}[/tex]
we will use here Taylor series approx method
[tex]u = \frac{-e^2}{2\pi \epsilon r} (ln2)[/tex]
and N/2 pair will contribute here
so
[tex]u = \frac{N}{2} \frac{-e^2}{2\pi \epsilon r} (ln2)[/tex]
so energy per ion will be here
[tex]u/n = \frac{-e^2}{4\pi \epsilon r} (ln2)[/tex]
write a net ionic equation to explain the measured pH for any two solutions that have a pH less than 6 or greater than 8
Answer:
HSO4^-(aq) -------->H^+(aq) + SO4^-(aq). The solution is acidic with a pH less than 6
CO3^2-(aq) + H2O(l) -----> HCO3^-(aq) + OH^-(aq) the pH of the solution must be greater than 8.
Explanation:
In a net ionic equation, we are only concerned about showing the particular chemical species that participated in a given reaction. There are other species present in the system of course, but we are focused on a particular chemical reaction so we show the ions that participated in the reaction of interest. The other ions that do not participate in the reaction of interest are called spectator ions.
Let us consider two solutions, one is a solution of NaHSO4 and NaCO3. The important ions when these substances are dissolved in water are; HSO4^- and CO3^2-. Let's see how they affect the pH of the solution.
For NaHSO4 solution;
HSO4^-(aq) -------->H^+(aq) + SO4^-(aq). The solution is acidic with a pH less than 6
For NaCO3 solution
CO3^2-(aq) + H2O(l) -----> HCO3^-(aq) + OH^-(aq) the pH of the solution must be greater than 8.
What is the core charge of helium and why?
Answer:
Formula for effective nuclear charge is as follows. So, for He atom value of S = 0.30 because the electrons are present in 1s orbital. Therefore, calculate the effective nuclear charge for helium as follows. Thus, we can conclude that the effective nuclear charge for helium is 1.7
Explanation:
The effective nuclear charge experienced by a 1s electron in helium is +1.70.
4Ga + 3S2 ⇒ 2Ga2S3
How many moles of Sulfur are needed to react with 100.0 grams of Gallium?
Answer:
1.076 mol (corrected to 2 d.p.)
Explanation:
Take the atomic mass of Ga be 69.7.
since no. of moles = mass/ molar mass,
no. of moles of Ga used = 100.0 / 69.7
= 1.43472023 mol
From the balanced equation, the mole ratio of Ga:S2 = 4:3, which means every 4 moles of Ga can react completely with 3 moles of S2.
So, let the no. of moles of Sulphur required be y.
[tex]\frac{4}{3} =\frac{ 1.43472023}{y}[/tex]
4 y = 1.43472023 x 3
y = 1.076 mol (corrected to 2 d.p.)
What volume of CH4(g), measured at 25oC and 745 Torr, must be burned in excess oxygen to release 1.00 x 106 kJ of heat to the surroundings
Answer:
[tex]V=27992L=28.00m^3[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, the combustion of methane is shown below:
[tex]CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]
And has a heat of combustion of −890.8 kJ/mol, for which the burnt moles are:
[tex]n_{CH_4}=\frac{-1.00x10^6kJ}{-890.8kJ/mol}= 1122.6molCH_4[/tex]
Whereas is consider the total released heat to the surroundings (negative as it is exiting heat) and the aforementioned heat of combustion. Then, by using the ideal gas equation, we are able to compute the volume at 25 °C (298K) and 745 torr (0.98 atm) that must be measured:
[tex]PV=nRT\\\\V=\frac{nRT}{P}=\frac{1122.6mol*0.082\frac{atm*L}{mol*K}*298K}{0.98atm}\\\\V=27992L=28.00m^3[/tex]
Best regards.
The rate at which two methyl radicals couple to form ethane is significantly faster than the rate at which two tert-butyl radicals couple. Offer two explanations for this observation.
Answer:
1. stability factor
2. steric hindrance factor
Explanation:
stability of ethane is lesser to that of two tert-butyl, so ethane will be more reactive and faster.
ethane is less hindered and more reactive, while two tert-butyl is more hindered and less reactive
The melting point of sodium chloride is 801°C. The melting point of chlorine is -101°C. Explain, in terms of structure and bonding, the difference between the melting points of these two substances.
Answer:
It's harder to melt sodium chloride because of its density and stability.
Explanation:
The bond between Na+ and Cl- is an ionic bond, meaning its an ionic compound. Ionic compounds have more inter molecular forces(forces involving multiple molecules). Chlorine has much less of these forces than NaCl and isn't as dense.
Answer:
It's harder to melt sodium chloride because of its density
Explanation:
Study this image.
The Continental crust and Lithosphere on the right are moving left toward the Continental crust and Lithosphere on the left that are moving right and pushing down below the Asthenosphere. A layer of Ancient oceanic crust is beneath the Lithosphere on the right.
Which feature forms at this plate boundary?
mountains
rift valleys
volcanoes
island chai
Answer:
Mountains:)
Explanation:
It's the only feature in this list that has an oceanic crust below the Lithosphere
I hope this helps you! Mark as brainliest, please! :)
Mountains are formed at this plate boundary, the bulk of earthquakes are brought on by small-scale movement along plate boundaries, hence option A is correct.
What is plate boundary?A plate boundary is defined as a three-dimensional surface or region where the velocity of one lithospheric plate in relation to the one next to it significantly changes.
Plate boundaries near the edge of the lithospheric plates might be conservative, divergent, or convergent. Wide zones of distortion are frequently observed at plate borders due to the connection between two plates.
Tectonic plate barrier where the plates are moving in opposite directions, either horizontally or vertically, rather than towards or away from one another, additionally known as a conservative plate boundary.
Therefore, option A is correct.
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When the temperature in a room increases from 25°C to 33°C, changes from a solid to a liquid.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Because ice melts if the temperature increasese
Answer:
Gallium
Explanation:
edg 2020
Which of the following electron configurations is incorrect? A) S [Ne]3s³3p⁴ B) Sn [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p² C) Rb [Kr]5s¹ D) V [Ar]4s²3d³ E) I [Kr]5s²4d¹⁰5p⁵
Answer:
A S [Ne]3s³3p⁴ instead of [Ne]3s²3p⁴
Explanation:
Hello,
To find the incorrect electronics configuration, we have to refer back to our periodic table or simply writing the electronic configuration of each element down follow principles guiding it such as Aufbau principle and Hund's rule.
a) S = [Ne] 3s³ 3p⁴ instead of [Ne] 3s²3p⁴
Option A is wrong.
S orbital can only accommodate a maximum of 2 electrons and in this case, 3s orbital is carrying 3 electrons. This has violated the rule.
b) Sn = [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p²
Option B is correct
c) Rb = [Kr] 5s¹
Option c is correct
d) V = 4s² 3d³
Option D is correct
e) I = [Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵
From the above, we can see that the answer is option A = S
The following electron configurations incorrect is - A) S [Ne]3s³3p⁴.
The electron configuration of an element describes how electrons are distributed in their atomic orbitals.
It follows a standard notation in which all electron-containing atomic subshells are placed in a sequence.The atomic number of sulfur - 16, which means it has 16 electronsThe electronic configuration:
=> 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴
=> [Ne] 3s² 3p⁴ (Ne has 10 electrons with 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ electron configuration)
The given electronic configuration has 3 electrons in 3-s orbital instead of 2 electrons.Thus, the following electron configurations incorrect is - A) S [Ne]3s³3p⁴.
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When 13.6 g of calcium chloride, CaCl2, was dissolved in 100.0 mL of water in a coffee cup calorimeter, the temperature rose from 25.00 °C to 31.75 °C. Determine the ∆Hrxn in kJ/mol for the reaction as written below. Assume that the density of the solutions is 1.000 g/mL, and that the specific heat capacity of the solutions is that of pure water. Must show your work (scratch paper) to receive credit.
Answer:
THE ENTHALPY OF SOLUTION IS 3153.43 J/MOL OR 3.15 KJ/MOL.
Explanation:
1. write out the variables given:
Mass of Calcium chloride = 13.6 g
Change in temperature = 31.75°C - 25.00°C = 6.75 °C
Density of the solution = 1.000 g/mL
Volume = 100.0 mL = 100.0 mL
Specific heat of water = 4.184 J/g °C
Mass of the water = unknown
2. calculate the mass of waterinvolved:
We must first calculate the mass of water in the bomb calorimeter
Mass = density * volume
Mass = 1.000 * 100
Mass = 0.01 g
3. calculate the quantity of heat evolved:
Next is to calculate the quantity of heat evolved from the reaction
Heat = mass * specific heat of water * change in temperature
Heat = mass of water * specific heat *change in temperature
Heat = 13.6 g * 4.184 * 6.75
Heat = 13.6 g * 4.184 J/g °C * 6.75 °C
Heat = 384.09 J
Hence, 384.09J is the quantity of heat involved in the reaction of 13.6 g of calcium chloride in the calorimeter.
4. calculate the molar mass of CaCl2:
Next is to calculate the molar mas of CaCl2
Molar mass = ( 40 + 35.5 *2) = 111 g/mol
The number of moles of 13.6 g of CaCl2 is then:
Number of moles of CaCl2 = mass / molar mass
Number of moles = 13.6 g / 111 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.1225 mol
So 384.09 J of heat was involved in the reaction of 1.6 g of CaCl2 in a calorimter which translates to 0.1225 mol of CaCl2..
5. Calculate the enthalpy of solution in kJ/mol:
If 1 mole of CaCl2 is involved, the heat evolved is therefore:
Heat per mole = 384.09 J / 0.1225 mol
Heat = 3 135.43 J/mol
The enthalpy of solution is therefore 3153.43 J/mol or 3.15 kJ/mol.
explain why you would expect that the Hneutzn for HBr reacting with KOH and the Hneutzn for HNO3 reacting with NaOH to be identical
Answer:
The net ionic equations for both the reactions are same so they have identical ΔH neutralization
H⁺ + OH⁻ ------ H₂O
Explanation:
The heat of neutralization for HBr reacting with KOH is similar to the heat of neutralization for HNO3 reacting with NaOH because they are both strong acid - strong base reactions.
A strong acid is an acid that ionizes completely in solution while a strong base is a base that ionizes completely in solution. A strong acid or base achieves almost 100% ionization in solution. A weak acid or base only ionizes to a very small extent in water.
In both cases of HBr reacting with KOH and HNO3 reacting with NaOH, we have a strong acid - strong base reaction hence the heat of neutralization of both reaction will be identical. Secondly, the both reactions have the same net ionic equation; H^+(aq) + OH^-(aq) -----> H2O(l)
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You use 10.0 mL of solution A, 10.0 mL of solution B, and 70.0 mL of water for your first mixture. What is the initial concentration of KIO3
Complete Question
The complete question is shown on the first uploaded image
Answer:
The initial concentration is [tex]C_f = 0.0022 \ M[/tex]
Explanation:
From the question we are told that
The volume of solution A is [tex]V_i = 10.0 mL[/tex]
The concentration of A is [tex]C_i = 0.0200 \ M[/tex]
The volume of solution B is [tex]V_B = 10.0mL[/tex]
The volume of water is [tex]V_{w } = 70.0 mL[/tex]
Generally the law of dilution is mathematically represented as
[tex]C_i * V_i = C_f * V_f[/tex]
Where [tex]C_f[/tex] is the concentration of the mixture
[tex]V_f[/tex] is the volume of the mixture which is mathematically evaluated as
[tex]V_f = 10 + 10 + 70[/tex]
[tex]V_f = 90mL[/tex]
So
[tex]C_f = \frac{C_i * V_i}{ V_f}[/tex]
substituting values
[tex]C_f = \frac{0.0200 * 10 }{90}[/tex]
[tex]C_f = 0.0022 \ M[/tex]
Note the mixture obtained is [tex]KIO_3[/tex]
Which statement is true: Mg -> Mg2+ + 2e-
(1) Mg gains 2 electrons (2) Mg2+ loses 2 electrons (3) mg loses 1 electron (4) mg loses 2 electrons
Answer:
(2) Mg²⁺ loses 2 electrons.
Explanation:
Let's consider the following half-reaction.
Mg ⇒ Mg²⁺ + 2 e⁻
Magnesium is a metal that loses 2 electrons to fulfill the octet rule. When magnesium loses electrons, the oxidation number increases from 0 to +2. This kind of half-reaction is known as oxidation, and has to be accompanied by a reduction of another species.
What molar ratio of sodium acetate to acetic acid should be used to prepare a buffer with pH = 4.5? Ka acetic acid = 1.8 x 10-5.
Answer: molar ratio: 0.58
Explanation:
This is a buffer problem. We would use the equation [tex]pH=pKa+log(\frac{base}{acid} )[/tex]. Since we were given Ka and pH, we can find the ratio.
pKa=-log(Ka)
pKa=-log(1.8×10⁻⁵)
pKa=4.74
Now that we have pKa, we can plug in our values and find the molar ratio. Instead of writing base/acid, let's use x.
4.5=4.74+log(x)
-0.24=log(x)
10⁻⁰⁻²⁴=x
x=0.58