Answer:
4.Sole Proprietorships, Partnership and Corporation
Explanation:
A sole proprietorship is probably the most popular form of business ownership. It a business owned by a single individual. A sole proprietorship is simple to establish and operate. The owner does not require to consult anyone when making decisions. A sole proprietorship enjoys single layers of taxation, although the owner has unlimited liability to the business's debts.
When two or more friends or acquaintances combine efforts to create a business, they form a partnership. The partnership business is guided by agreements contained in the partnership deed. The agreement dictates each partner's role, the formula for sharing profits and losses, among other items. The income of a partnership is treated as the partners' income for taxation purposes.
A corporation is a complex business structure. Legally, a corporation is recognized as a distinct and separate entity from its owners. A corporation is a legal person with rights to trade, enter into contracts, own properties, and incur debts. As a business, the corporation is expected to file income tax returns.
In addition to candidates who have the technical skills required of the position, what else do employers look for
Answer:
a personality that fits with their work environment
Explanation:
The second most important trait that employers look for is a personality that fits with their work environment. In almost all jobs the candidate will be working with a varied number of other employees in the company. The employers want to make sure that the candidate's personality matches the personality of the other employees so that they make sure that the candidate will be a good fit in the company and get along with the rest of the employees. This will almost guarantee that the candidate will work as efficiently as possible.
Suppose we have a bond issue currently outstanding that has 20 years left to maturity. The coupon rate is 8% And coupons are paid semiannually. The bond is currently selling for $828 per $1,000 bond. What is the cost of debt?
a. 8%
b. 9%
c. 10%
d. 11%
e. 12%
Answer:
c. 10%
Explanation:
The Yield to Maturity(YTM) of the Bond is the cost of the debt. So, we need to find the YTM first.
Here i will use a Financial Calculator to enter and compute the YTM as follows :
N = 20× 2 = 40
PMT = ($1,000 × 8%) ÷ 2 = $40
PV = $828
P/YR = 2
FV = 1,000
I or YTM = ?
Thus the cost of the Bond is 10%
A project that cost $80000 with a useful life of 5 years is being considered. Straight-line depreciation is being used and salvage value is $5000. The project will generate annual revenues of $24350. The annual rate of return is:_______
a. 17%
b. 50.3%
c. 16%
d. 15%
Answer:
22%
Explanation:
Net income = Annual cash flow - Depreciation
Net income = 24350 - (80,000-5,000 / 5)
Net income = 24350 - 15,000
Net income = $9350
Average investment = Beg. value + End. Value / 2
Average investment = 80,000 + 5,000 / 2
Average investment = $42,500
Annual rate of return = Net income / Average investment * 100
Annual rate of return = $9350 / $42,500 * 100
Annual rate of return = 0.22 * 100
Annual rate of return = 22%
Answer:Annual Rate of Return =22%
The correct option is not given
Explanation:
Annual Rate of Return = Net Income / Average Investment x 100
Net Income= Annual Cash flow - Depreciation
Straight-line depreciation =Cost - salvage value / useful years
= 80,000 - 5,000 / 5
75,000/5= $15,000
Net Income=$24,350 - $15,000
=$9,350
Average Investment= Initial investment + salvage value / 2
$80,000 + 5000 / 2
= $85,000/ 2
$42,500
Annual Rate of Return =$9, 350/ $42,500 x 100
= 0.22 x100
=22%
In the Assembly Department of Hannon Company, budgeted and actual manufacturing overhead costs for the month of April 2020 were as follows.
Budget Actual
Indirect materials $16,000 $14,300
Indirect labor 20,000 20,600
Utilities 10,000 10,850
Supervision 5,000 5,000
All costs are controllable by the department manager.
Prepare a responsibility report for April for the cost center.
Answer:
Hannon Company
Assembly Department
Responsibility Report
For the month of April 2020:
Budget Actual Variance
Indirect materials $16,000 $14,300 $1,700 F
Indirect labor 20,000 20,600 600 U
Utilities 10,000 10,850 850 U
Supervision 5,000 5,000 0 No effect
Total $51,000 $50,750 $250 F
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Budget Actual Variance
Indirect materials $16,000 $14,300 $1,700 F
Indirect labor 20,000 20,600 600 U
Utilities 10,000 10,850 850 U
Supervision 5,000 5,000 0 No effect
Total $51,000 $50,750 $250 F
b) The Assembly Department's responsibility report is a the budget analysis that compares its actual and budgeted amounts of controllable costs for the month of April, 2020. The purpose of this report is to assign responsibility, improve performance, and hold a department or center responsible for its activities.
Greg contracts to build a storage shed for Haney. Haney pays Greg in advance, but Greg completes only half the work. Haney pays Ipswich $500 to finish the shed. If Haney sues Greg, what would be the measure of recovery?
Answer:
Haney is going to be compensated for expected benefits. He has to be put in the situation he would have been if the job was fully done by Greg. So since payment amount was 500, the compensatory damage should be about the same amount.
Explanation:
From this question, haney paid Greg in advance for a job that Greg did not complete. And he Haney ended up getting someone else to do the job.
Now The damages are going to be compensation to Haney as Greg did not complete the job. The amount he is going to get, is the cost of the work, which would be $500.
Greg breached the contract with Haney by not finishing the job, but yet taking Haney's payment.
Haney is going to be compensated for expected benefits. He has to be put in the situation he would have been if the job was fully done by Greg. So since payment amount was 500, the compensatory damage should be about the same amount.
Lyft raises ride-sharing fares when more people need rides and vice versa. This is referred to as _______.
Answer:
surge pricing
Explanation:
Surge pricing is a marketing strategy in which the supply is manipulated according to the demand. In this strategy, the price of the rides are adjusted as per the availability of the drivers, and the demand of the rides. Also, it depends upon the time of the demanded rides. There is an increase in the price of the rides of Lyft in situation where the demand is high. Also, there is an increase in the price when the availability of the drivers is less.
Bryant Company has a factory machine with a book value of $93,500 and a remaining useful life of 6 years. It can be sold for $30,600. A new machine is available at a cost of $534,000. This machine will have a 6-year useful life with no salvage value. The new machine will lower annual variable manufacturing costs from $556,800 to $460,200. Prepare an analysis showing whether the old machine should be retained or replaced.
Answer:
Bryant Company
Analysis of old and new machines:
Old Machine New Machine
Annual depreciation costs $10,833 $89,000
Savings from variable
manufacturing costs 0 $96,600
Net savings ($10,833) $7,600
Explanation:
a) Data and Calculations:
Book value of old machine = $93,500
Remaining useful life = 6 years
Salvage value = $30,600
Depreciable amount of old machine = $62,900 ($93,500 - 30,600)
Annual Depreciation cost of old machine = $10,483 ($62,900/6)
Cost of new machine = $534,000
Useful life = 6 years
Depreciable amount of new machine = $89,000 ($534,000/6)
Reduction in variable manufacturing costs = $96,600 ($556,800 - $460,200)
Savings from new machine = $7,600
b) Conclusion: The old machine should be replaced. It costs more to retain the old machine than it costs to replace it. There will be a net gain of $7,600 from the new machine, from the reduction of the variable manufacturing costs from $556,800 to $460,200.
Phyllis makes a deal with her niece Stephanie that if Stephanie gave up gambling for two years, Phyllis would pay Stephanie $5,000. Stephanie gave up gambling for the required two years. Does this deal have valid consideration
Answer:
Yes .
Explanation:
I think so because Stphanie did what Phyllis asked , now she should get her well deserved $5,000 .
A time draft is a negotiable instrument, which means that it:_______
a. is also known as a bill of lading.
b. has no value given the deferred nature of the document.
c. can be sold to an investor.
d. cannot be transferred.
e. is generally not preferred in international transactions.
Answer:
c. can be sold to an investor.
Explanation:
The time draft would permits the draft bearer having two options that involved to sell it at a discount prior to the maturity time or hold it till maturity in the case when the amount is fully paid
Therefore as per the given situation, the time draft means that it could be sold to an investor
hence, the correct option is c
ANd, the rest of the options are wrong
1. Working with Numbers and Graphs Q1 Last year, Raphael bought a bond for $10,000 that promises to pay him $900 per year. This year, he can buy a bond for $10,000 that promises to pay $1,000 per year. If Raphael wants to sell his old bond, what is its price likely to be
Answer:
$9,000
Explanation:
Last year, Raphael bought a bond for $10,000 that promises to pay him $900 per year
Interest rate = $900/$1000 * 100 = 9%
This year, he can buy a bond for $10,000 that promises to pay $1,000 per year.
Interest rate = 1,000/10000 * 100 = 10%
If Raphael wants to sell his old bond, he has to lower its price in order to compensate for rise in interest rate. The bond, which he would sell, should pay 10% interest PA
=>> 900/10% * 100 = $9,000
So, the bond price is likely to be $9,000
Ann Chovies, owner of the Perfect Pasta Pizza Parlor, uses 20 pounds of pepperoni each day in preparing pizzas. Order costs for pepperoni are $10.00 per order, and carrying costs are 4 cents per pound per day. Lead time for each order is three days, and the pepperoni itself costs $3.00 per pound.
1. At what point should she re-order pepperoni?
a. 80 pounds remaining.
b. 40 pounds remaining.
c. 60 pounds.
d. 20 pounds.
e. 100 pounds.
2. If she were to order 80 pounds of pepperoni at a time, what would be the length of an order cycle?
a. 4 days.
b. 5 days.
c. 3 days.
d. 0 days.
e. .25 days.
3. If she were to order 80 pounds of pepperoni at a time, what would be the average inventory level?
a. 60 pounds.
b. 20 pounds.
c. 100 pounds.
d. 40 pounds.
e. 80 pounds.
4. If she were to order 80 pounds of pepperoni at a time, what would be the total daily costs, including the cost of the pepperoni?
a. $60.00.
b. $64.10.
c. $64.00.
d. $65.00.
e. $63.20.
5. What is the economic order quantity for pepperoni?
a. 40 pounds.
b. 80 pounds.
c. 100 pounds.
d. 20 pounds.
e. 60 pounds.
Answer and Explanation:
The computation is shown below;
1. Reorder point is
= Daily demand × lead ime
= 20 × 3 days
= 60 pounds
2. The length of the order cycle is
= Order quantity ÷ demand rate
= 80 ÷ 20 pounds
= 4 days
3. The average inventory level is
= Order quantity ÷ 2
= 80 ÷ 2
= 40 pounds
4. The total daily cost is
the cost of the pepperoni = daily demand × cost per pound
= 20 × 3 pound
= 60
Daily ordering cost is
= daily demand ÷ ordering quantity × ordering cost
= 20 ÷ 80 × $10
= $2.50
And, the daily holding cost is
= ordering cost ÷ 2 × holding cost
= 80 ÷ 2 × 0.04
= $1.60
Now the total daily cost is
= $60 + $2.50 + $1.60
= $64.10
5. The economic order quantity is
= (√2 × annual demand × ordering cost ÷ carrying cost)
= √2 × 20 × 10 ÷ 0.04
= √10,000
= 100
Select the correct answer.
Which type of temporary group is formed to address a specific situation in an organization?
A. interest group
B. secondary group
C. self-managed group
D. task group
E. command group
Answer:
D. Task group
Explanation:
Task groups form to accomplish a specific task.
Answer:
D task group
Explanation:
Use this information to answer the question. All numbers are in millions.
Population of the nation 125
Size of the labor force 75
Number of employed workers 50
Number of unemployed workers 25
What is the unemployment rate for this nation?
a. 5 percent
b. 20 percent
c. 25 percent
d. 33 percen
Answer:
25 percent
Explanation:
Orlando Company, which applies overhead to production on the basis of machine hours, reported the following data for the period just ended: Actual units produced: 12,000 Actual variable overhead incurred: $77,700 Actual machine hours worked: 18,800 Standard variable overhead cost per machine hour: $4.50 If Orlando estimates 1.5 hours to manufacture a completed unit, the company's variable-overhead spending variance is:
Answer:
$37,600 favorable
Explanation:
Variable overhead spending variance can be computed as;
= (Actual hours worked × Actual variable overhead rate) - ( Actual hours worked - Standard variable overhead rate)
= ( 18,800 hours × $77,700/12,000) - (18,800 hours × $4.5)
= [(18,800 × $6.5) - (18,800 × $4.5)]
= $122,200 - $84,600
= $37,600 favorable
The aggregate planning approach that lends itself to examining many solutions is:_________
A. the transportation method of linear programming.
B. graphical techniques.
C. the linear decision rule.
D. Bowman's management coefficients model.
Answer:
B. graphical techniques.
Explanation:
The graphical methods would be applied in the case when the facts are assessed in a quantitive way. Also it is a main part for the investigation that contains exploratory information
Therefore in the given situation, for examining many solutions under the aggregate planning approach the graphical techniques would be considered
hence, the correct option is B
Eliminating double-taxation would likely:________.
a. raise saving and primarily benefit people with lower incomes.
b. raise saving but primarily benefit people with higher incomes.
c. reduce saving but primarily benefit people with lower incomes.
d. reduce saving and primarily benefit people with higher income.
Answer:
a. raise saving and primarily benefit people with lower incomes.
Explanation:
Double taxation may be defined as the tax system where the tax is levied twice on the income. It is the tax principle refers to tax income that is paid twice on same source of income. It pronounced a negative economic impact, mainly on the wages. Thus eliminating the system of double taxation would ensure more savings and it will people with lower wages or incomes.
A tax is a government group's compulsory financial charge or other types of levy imposed on a customer to finance government spending and related public expenses.
Failure to pay taxes on time, as well as avoidance or resistance to taxation, are all illegal.
The correct answer is a. raise saving and primarily benefit people with lower incomes.
Option a. raise saving and primarily benefit people with lower incomes are correct because Double taxation is a tax structure in which the same amount of money is taxed twice. It is a tax theory that applies to earnings taxed on the same source of income.
It had a detrimental economic impact, particularly on salaries. Eliminating a double tax structure would result in more savings for persons with lesser earnings or incomes.
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On July 1, 2017, Amos Corporation granted nontransferable, nonqualified stock options to certain key employees as additional compensation. The options permit the purchase of 20,000 shares of Amos’s $1 par common stock at a price of $32 per share. On the grant date, the stock’s market value was $32 per share. The options were exercisable beginning July 1, 2021, and expire on July 1, 2025. On February 3, 2023, when the stock was selling for $53 per share, all options were exercised. Amos's tax rate is 35%. Amos has a December 31 year end for financial reporting purposes.
Required:
1. How much compensation expense should Amos record in 2017 and 2018 if the options are worth $15 per share on the grant date?
2. Compute the tax benefit that Amos will receive in 2023 when the employees exercise the options.
Answer:
1. Total compensation expenses = 20,000 * $15 = $300,000
Vesting period (From 2017-2021) = 4 years
Annual compensation expenses = Total compensation expenses / 4
Annual compensation expenses = $300,000 / 4 years
Annual compensation expenses = $75,000
a. Compensation expenses 2017 = $75,000/2
Compensation expenses 2017 = $37,500
b. Compensation expenses 2018 = $75,000
2. The spread between the grant price and exercise price is allowed as base of tax benefit.
Tax benefit = [20,000 * (53-32)] * 35%
Tax benefit = [20,000 * 21] * 35%
Tax benefit = $420,000 * 35%
Tax benefit = $147,000
Amos incurred a compensation expense of $37,500 in 2017 and $75,000 in 2018. Amos will gain $147,000 in tax benefits in 2023.
How do you compute compensation expense and tax benefit?1.
[tex]\text{Total compensation expenses} = 20,000 \text{ x } $15 = $300,000\\\\\text{Vesting period (From 2017-2021)} = 4 \text{years}\\\\\text{Annual compensation expenses} = \text{Total compensation expenses} / 4\\\\\text{Annual compensation expenses} = $300,000 / 4 \text{years}\\\\\text{Annual compensation expenses} = $75,000\\\\\text{a. Compensation expenses} 2017 = $75,000/2\\\\\text{Compensation expenses} 2017 = $37,500\\\\\text{b. Compensation expenses} 2018 = $75,000\\\\[/tex]
2.
The difference between the grant price and the exercise price can be used as the basis for calculating the tax advantage.
[tex]\text{Tax benefit} = [20,000 \text{ x } (53-32)] \text{ x } 35%\text{Tax benefit} = [20,000 \text{ x } 21] \text{ x } 35%\text{Tax benefit} = $420,000 \text{ x } 0.35\text{Tax benefit} = $147,000[/tex]
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The annual maintenance cost of a monument in the state capital is estimated to be $4850. A perpetual i fund of $100,000 is set up to pay for this maintenance expenditure. Determine the interest rate this fund earns if the interest is compounded quarterly
Answer:
4.76%
Explanation:
P[(1+i/4)^4 - 1] = A
$100,000*P[(1+i/4)^4 - 1] = $4,850
[(1+i/4)^4 - 1] = $4,850/$100,000
[(1+i/4)^4 - 1] = 0.0485
(1+i/4)^4 = 0.0485 + 1
(1+i/4)^4 = 1.0485
(1+i/4) = 1.0485^(1/4)
(1+i/4) = 1.01191
i/4 = 1.01191 - 1
i/4 = 0.01191
i = 0.01191*4
i = 0.04764
i = 4.76%
The common stock of Mercury Motors is selling for $28.97 a share while one-year U.S. Treasury securities are currently yielding 2.8 percent. What is the current value per share of a one-year call option on Mercury Motors stock if the exercise price is $22.50 and you assume the option will finish in the money
Answer:
$7.08
Explanation:
In short, Value of Call option = Stock Price - Strike Price
Current Value of Strike price = 22.50 * (1+2.8%)^-1
Current Value of Strike price = 22.50 * (1.028)^-1
Current Value of Strike price = 22.50 * 0.9727626459143969
Current Value of Strike price = 21.88715953307393
Current Value of Strike price = $21.89
Current Value of Stock = $28.97
Thus, Value of Call option = $28.97 - $21.89
Value of Call option = $7.08
Indigo Corporation amended its pension plan on January 1, 2017, and granted $166,000 of prior service costs to its employees. The employees are expected to provide 2,000 service years in the future, with 340 service years in 2017. Compute prior service cost amortization for 2017. Prior service cost amortization for 2017
Answer:
$28,231.30
Explanation:
The average time until retirement of the employees = 2,000/340
The average time until retirement of the employees = 5.88 years
Prior service cost amortization for 2017 = Prior service costs to its employees/The average time until retirement
Prior service cost amortization for 2017 = $166,000/ 5.88
Prior service cost amortization for 2017 = $28231.2925170068
Prior service cost amortization for 2017 = $28,231.30
In Waterway Company, Treasury Stock increased $20400 from a cash purchase, and Retained Earnings increased $80200 as a result of net income of $121000 and cash dividends paid of $39500. Net cash used by financing activities is:
Answer:
$59,900
Explanation:
Cash flow from Financing activities
Particulars Amount
Cash paid for treasury stock $20,400
Cash dividends $39,500
Net cash used by financing activities $59,900
Rankings as well as word of mouth from satisfied customers drive additional sales for automotive companies. However, because this orientation uses an aggressive marketing style, the main problem with a _______ is that there is a lack of understanding of what customers want and need. The customer is not in charge. a. sales orientation b. societal marketing orientation c. market orientation d. production orientation
Answer:
a. sales orientation
Explanation:
The sales orientation is a business model that focused to make the best product and the services without knowing the customer needs and wants
Therefore as per the given situation, it is mentioned that there is a lack of understanding with respect to the customer wants and need
So this represents the sales orientation
hence, the correct option is a.
DB sells 500 bottles of supplements per week at $ 75 per bottle. DB's supplier charges DB $ 20 per order and $ 40 per bottle. DB's annual holding cost percentage is 30 % of unit cost. DB operates 50 weeks in a year. What is DB's total annual ordering and holding cost , if DB orders 200 bottles at a time?
Answer:
$3,700
Explanation:
total annual demand = 500 x 50 = 25,000
if 200 units are purchased at a time, then they need to make 25,000 / 200 = 125 orders per year.
annual ordering costs = 125 x $20 = $2,500
average inventory = 200 / 2 = 100
annual holding cost = 100 x $40 x 30% = $1,200
total = $2,500 + $1,200 = $3,700
Sandra goes into her favorite shoe store where they are holding a special sales promotion. The salesperson explains to Sandra that if she purchases one pair of shoes, she would receive a free pair of socks. Which type of sales
promotion is this?
NEED ASAPPP ITS AN EXAM..
Answer:
Premium
Explanation:
A premium type of sales promotion is this. Thus, option B is correct.
Who is a salesperson?
The salesman is in charge of welcoming clients, guiding them toward the merchandise they need, and counting up transactions. You need to be a great communicator if you want to succeed in sales. A successful salesman achieves sales goals while being courteous and helpful to consumers.
The salesman is in charge of welcoming clients, guiding them toward the merchandise they need, and counting up transactions. You need to be a great communicator if you want to succeed in sales. A successful salesman achieves sales goals while being courteous and helpful to consumers.
With the confirmation of purchase, you can receive a reward for nothing or for minimal shipping as well as a handling fee. Therefore, option B is the correct option.
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A corporation sold 16,500 shares of its $10 par value common stock at a cash price of $13 per share. The entry to record this transaction would include: Multiple Choice A debit to Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value, Common Stock for $214,500. A credit to Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par Value, Common Stock for $379,500. A debit to Cash for $165,000. A credit to Common Stock for $165,000. A credit to Common Stock for $214,500.
Answer:
A credit to Common Stock for $165,000
Explanation:
The journal entry is shown below
Cash (16,500 shares × $13) $214,500
To Common stock (16,500 shares × $10) $165,000
To Additional paid in capital in excess of par value (16,500 shares × $3)
$49,500
(being the issuance of the common stock is recorded)
Here the cash is debited as it increased the assets and credited the common stock and additional paid in capital as it increased the equity
Therefore the A credit to Common Stock for $165,000 is the correct option
Priority Company, which applies overhead to production on the basis of machine hours, reported the following data for the period just ended: Actual units produced: 9,000 Actual variable overhead incurred: $54,400 Actual machine hours worked: 16,000 Standard variable overhead cost per machine hour: $3.50 If Priority estimates two hours to manufacture a completed unit, the company's variable-overhead efficiency variance is:
Answer:
Variable overhead efficiency variance= $7,000 favorable
Explanation:
Giving the following information:
Actual units produced: 9,000
Actual machine hours worked: 16,000
Standard variable overhead cost per machine hour: $3.50
Standard hours= 2 hours per unit
To calculate the variable overhead efficiency variance, we need to use the following formula:
Variable overhead efficiency variance= (Standard Quantity - Actual Quantity)*Standard rate
Standard quantity= 2*9,000= 18,000
Variable overhead efficiency variance= (18,000 - 16,000)*3.5
Variable overhead efficiency variance= $7,000 favora
The Blue Spruce Corp. has five plants nationwide that cost $350 million. The current fair value of the plants is $580 million. The plants will be reported at assets as:_________.
a) $930 million
b) $230 million
c) $350 million
d) $580 million
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Equipment are reported at historical values. the historical value in this case is the price at which the plants were acquired. This is $350 million.
Fair value is the price at which the plant would be sold at the market today.
The fair value would be recorded by the acquiring firm in the case of the acquisition of The Blue Spruce Corp. or in a case were the plants are sold
You have taken out a $225,000, 3/1 ARM. The initial rate of 5.8% (annual) is locked in for three years and is expected to increase to 6.5% at the end of the lock period. Calculate the initial payment on the loan. (Note: the term on this 3/1 ARM is 30 years.)
Answer:
$1,320.19
Explanation:
Loan amount = $225,000
Rate = 5.80%
Years = 30
PMT = ?
Initial payment = PMT(Rate/12, Years*12, -225,000)
Initial payment = PMT(5.80%/12, 360, -225,000)
Initial payment = 1320.185230439806
Initial payment = $1,320.19
Therefore, the initial payment on the loan is $1,320.19
When a bank decided to invest in cash-counting equipment and new cubicles for its loan officers,they were recorded on the bank balance sheet as:__________
A) liabilities.
B) assets.
C) vault cash.
D) deposits.
E) loans.
Answer:
B) assets.
Explanation:
When a bank decided to invest in cash-counting equipment and new cubicles for its loan officers,they were recorded on the bank balance sheet as assets.
In this scenario when the bank decided to invest in cash counting equipment and new cubicles, it is acquiring new assets in its name.
A company engaging in social listening notices a sharp increase in volume of social media mentions of the company accompanied by a sharp decrease in sentiment about the company. It is likely that:____.
a. the company's social media activities are having the desired effect.
b. there is an impending brand crisis.
c. the two changes are unrelated.d. the software that encodes sentiment is glitching.
Answer:
c. the two changes are unrelated.
Explanation:
In the case when the company is engaged in the social listening so it would be noticed that there is a rise in the social media volume that reduced the sentiment of the company
So the above situation represents that there are two changes i.e. the one is rise and the other are reduce but the both are non-related
hence, the correct option is c.
And, the rest of the options are wrong