Biology High School

39. Organic acids are often considered "static" agents because a mechanism of action is to deplete ATP. ATP depletion happens because A. Ribosomes are blocked B. RNA synthesis is inhibited C. Protein synthesis is inhibited D. ATP is used to pump protons out of the cell E. The cell needs ATP to chemically alter the toxin 40. In a low nutrient barrel ageing wine, Brett can get the trace amounts of carbon that it needs from B. diammonium phosphate C. photosynthesis A. wood sugar D. nitrogen fixation E. CO2

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Answer 1

Organic acids are often considered "static" agents because a mechanism of action is to deplete ATP. ATP depletion happens because wood sugar.

In a low nutrient barrel aging wine, Brettanomyces (referred to as "Brett") is a type of yeast that can metabolize trace amounts of carbon sources present in the wine. Wood sugars, such as glucose and xylose, are released from the wooden barrels during the aging process. Brettanomyces can utilize these wood sugars as a carbon source for its growth and metabolism.

Diammonium phosphate (option B) is a nitrogen source often used in winemaking but does not provide carbon for Brettanomyces. Photosynthesis (option C) is the process by which plants and some microorganisms convert sunlight into energy but is not relevant to Brettanomyces in a wine barrel. Nitrogen fixation (option D) is a process in which certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form, and CO2 (option E) is a byproduct of various cellular processes but is not a direct carbon source for Brettanomyces.

Therefore, the trace amounts of wood sugar present in the low nutrient barrel-aging wine can serve as a carbon source for Brettanomyces growth.

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