33. Convert the following word equations into balanced formula
equations
a. Potassium chloride Potassium chloride + Oxygen
b.Zinc + Sulphuric acid --Zinc sulphate + Hydrogen
c. Calcium carbonate calcium oxide + carbon dioxide
34. Derive Fama where all symbols have their usual meaning.​

Answer:

0.125 moles of solute

Explanation:

The formula for molarity (M) is moles of solute/liters of solution. First, convert 250 mL into liters:

250 mL/1 * 1 L/1000 mL = 0.25 L.

Then, plug in the values of m/L = M

m/0.25 = 0.5

Solve for moles (m). You would multiply 0.5 by 0.25.

m = 0.125

Lastly, if you'd like to check it and see if it's correct, do 0.125/0.25, and you should get 0.5 M.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed {\boxed {\sf 0.125 \ mol }}[/tex]

Explanation:

Molarity is a measure of concentration. It is the moles of solute per liters of solution.

[tex]molarity = \frac{ moles \ of \ solute}{ liters \ of \ solution}[/tex]

We know the solution has a molarity of 0.5 M or moles per liter. There are 250 milliliters of solution. First, we need to convert to liters. 1 liter is equal to 1000 milliliters.

Now we can substitute the values we know into the formula.

[tex]0.5 \ mol/L= \frac{ x}{0.25 \ L}[/tex]

Since we are solving for the moles of solute, we need to isolate the variable x. It is being divided by 0.25 L. The inverse of division is multiplication. Multiply both sides by 0.25 L.

[tex]0.25 \ L *0.5 \ mol/L= \frac{ x}{0.25 \ L}*0.25 \ L[/tex]

[tex]0.25 \ L * 0.5 \ mol/L =x[/tex]

[tex]0.25 * 0.5 \ mol=x[/tex]

[tex]0.125 \ mol =x[/tex]

0.125 moles of sodium phosphate are needed to make 250 mL of a 0.50 M solution.

Answer:

It's evidence of a likely mass extinction.

Within an ecosystem, the sudden  disappearance of a type of fossil record is evidence of mass extinction.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.

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Answer:

When the concentration of a reactant increases, there will be more chemical present. Due to more reactant particles moving together, more collisions are allowed to happen and with that, the rate of the reaction is increased. So, the higher the concentration of reactants, the faster the reaction rate will be.

Hope this helped you! :)

Answer:

HClO₃ /chloric acid /suffix -ic/ ClO₃⁻ (chlorate)

HClO₂/ chlorous acid/ suffix -ous/ ClO₂⁻ (chlorite)

HNO₃ /nitric acid /suffix -ic/ NO₃⁻ (nitrate)

HNO₂/ nitrous acid/ suffix -ous/ NO₂⁻ (nitrite)

Explanation:

Chlorine has 4 positive oxidation numbers to form oxyacids: +1, +3, +5 and +7.

Nitrogen has 2 positive oxidation numbers to form oxyacids: +3 and +5.

Answer:

a) Superficial fluid

b)  5.9*10^-2 atm

c) Gas

d) Liquid

e) Solid

Explanation:

a)  At temperatures above 405.5 K and pressures above 111.5 atm, NH3 is a superficial fluid because liquid and gases does not exit at temperature and pressure greater than  405.5 K and  111.5 atm

b) NH3 does not exist as a liquid at pressures below  5.9*10^-2 atm , That is below the triple point there is existence of liquid

c)  NH3 is a Gas at 5.90×10^-2 atm and 249.5 K.

d) NH3 is a  Liquid  at 1.00 atm and 236.0 K. because pressure and temperature ( standard ) is between the given normal melting and boiling point

e) NH3 is a solid at 24.6 atm and 185.6 K . because the pressure here is more than that of triple point while the temperature is lesser

Answer:

The correct solution is "93.48 M".

Explanation:

According to the question,

The number of moles of NaOH will be:

= [tex]0.753\times 38.5[/tex]

= [tex]28.99 \ mol[/tex]

The number of moles of needed [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] will be:

= [tex]\frac{1}{2}\times 28.99[/tex]

=  [tex]14.49 \ mol[/tex]

hence,

The concentration of [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex] solution will be:

= [tex]\frac{Number \ of \ moles}{Volume \ of \ solution}[/tex]

= [tex]\frac{14.49}{0.155}[/tex]

= [tex]93.48 \ M[/tex]

Answer:

Fe18C2?

not sure

A 500.0 g sample of aluminum, initially at 25.0 degrees, absorbs heat from its surroundings and reaches a final temperature of 90.7 degrees. 32.62245 kJ heat has been absorbed by the sample.

The term specific heat is defined as the amount of heat required to increase the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Celsius (°C).

To calculate the amount of heat absorbed by the sample, use the formula:

Q = mcΔT

where Q is the amount of heat absorbed by the sample, m is the mass of the sample, c is the specific heat of aluminum, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the sample.

Substituting the given values into the formula, we get:

Q = 500.0 g × 0.9930 J/g·K × (90.7°C - 25.0°C)

Q = 500.0 g × 0.9930 J/g·K × 65.7 K

Q = 32,622.45 J

To convert the result to kilojoules (kJ), we divide by 1000:

Q = 32.62245 kJ

Thus, the amount of heat absorbed by the sample is 32.6 kJ.

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Answer:

a) polytetrafluorethylene

b) polyethylene terepthalate

c) Nickel

d) Polytetrafluroethylene

e) Aluminum

Explanation:

a) polytetrafluorethylene can be used to make laboratory bottles that can contain nitric acids ( dilute ones ) because of its resistance to either acidic or basic solution

b) polyethylene terepthalate can be used because it is relatively cheaper, also Benzene doesn't exhibit corrosion effect

c) Nickel can be used to produce pipes that transport hot alkaline solutions

d) Polytetrafluroethylene can be used for underground water tanks

e) Aluminum is used because it is light weighted and exhibits corrosion resistivity to climate change

Answer:

The molar mass of water is 18 grams per mole. So in 18 grams of water, there are 6.02 x 1023 molecules.

One gallon of water is equal to 3.7854118 liters. If we assume that the water is at 4 °C (to keep things simple), the density of water is exactly 1 gram per milliliter, or 1 kilogram per liter. So 1 gallon of water at 4 °C weighs exactly 3.7854118 kilograms, or 3785.41118 grams.

If one mole of water weighs 18 grams, then there are 210.30 moles of water in a gallon. Since one mole of water is made up of 6.02 x 1023 molecules, in one gallon of water there are 1.266 x 1026 molecules.

That is: 126600000000000000000000000 molecules!

If we multiply that by the number of atoms in a single water molecule -- 3 atoms -- then we get:

379800000000000000000000000 atoms!

The number of ionized water molecules at any given time in 2.86 gallons of pure water is approximately 2.08 x 10¹¹ molecules.

In pure water, only a small portion of water molecules are capable of self-ionization, which causes them to separate into hydronium ions (H3O+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). This procedure can be reversed.

The self-ionization of water can be represented as:

H₂O ⇌ H₃O+ + OH⁻

The concentration of each ion can be calculated using the equilibrium constant for water, Kw.

Kw = [H₃O⁺][OH⁻] = 1.0 x 10⁽⁻¹⁴⁾ at 25°C

Since the concentration of H³O⁺ ions is equal to the concentration of OH⁻ ions in pure water, let's assume that each concentration is x.

So, x² = 1.0 x 10⁽⁻¹⁴⁾

Taking the square root of both sides,

x = √(1.0 x 10⁽⁻¹⁴⁾)

  ≈ 1.0 x 10⁽⁻⁷⁾ M

The concentration of H₃O⁺ and OH⁻ ions in pure water is approximately 1.0 x 10^(-7) M.

To find the number of  ionized water molecules,

= concentration x Avogadro's number x volume

= (1.0 x 10⁽⁻⁷⁾ M) x (6.022 x 10²³ molecules/mol) x (2.86 gallons) x (3.78541 liters/gallon)

≈ 2.08 x 10¹¹ molecules.

So, approximately 2.08 x 10¹¹ molecules of water are ionized.

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Answer:

3.7 °C

Explanation:

Step 1: Given and required data

Step 2: Calculate the final temperature (T₂) of the water

We will use the following expression.

Q = c ×m ×(T₂ - T₁)

T₂ = Q / c × m + T₁

T₂ = 15 J / (4.184 J/g.°C) × 7.3 g + 3.2 °C = 3.7 °C

Answer:

51.1 g NH3

The required chemical reaction is given by:

N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3

4.5 mol H2 × (2 mol NH3/3 mol H2) = 3 mol NH3

molar mass of NH3 is 17.031 g/mol

3 mol NH3 × (17.031 g NH3/1 mol NH3) = 51.1 g NH3

The mass defect is 0.108506

The binding energy is [tex]9.77 * 10^15 J[/tex]

The binding energy per nucleon is often used as an indicator of nuclear stability. Nuclei with higher binding energy per nucleon are generally more stable compared to those with lower binding energy per nucleon

Mass of the proton = 7(1.00728) = 7.05096

Mass of the neutron = 7(1.00866) = 7.06062

We have that the calculated mass = 7.05096  + 7.06062 = 14.11158

Mass defect = 14.11158  - 14.003074 = 0.108506

Binding energy = [tex]0.108506 * (3 * 10^8)^2[/tex]

= [tex]9.77 * 10^15 J[/tex]

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Answer:

Explanation:...

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Answer:

B) Gas A has twice the molar mass of Gas B.

Explanation:

Partial pressure of a gas is defined as the moles of the gas/ Total moles of the mixture times total pressure. The equation is:

Partial pressure A = Moles A / total moles * Total pressure

From the definition, we can say that the moles of the gas A are twice the moles of B:

2 Moles A = Moles B

As the mass of both gases is the same but the moles of B are twice the moles of A:

The molar mass of A is twice the molar mass of B

Right answer is:

We have that for the Question " what do we know about the gases?"

It can be said that

From the question we are told

5.00 g of Gas A and 5.00 g of Gas B are mixed in the same container, and the partial pressure of Gas B is determined to be twice that of Gas A

The equation for partial pressure gasA and gasB is given as

[tex]Partial Pressure = \frac{number of moles of }{Total no of moles of gas}[/tex]

That results to,

[tex]\frac{Partial pressure of A}{Partial pressure of B} = \frac{no of moles of A}{no of moles of B}[/tex]

[tex]= \frac{Given mass A}{Molar mass A} * \frac{Molar mass B}{Given mass B}\\\\= \frac{1}{2} = \frac{5*M_B}{M_A*5}\\\\= \frac{1}{2} = \frac{M_B}{M_A}\\\\= M_A = 2M_B[/tex]

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Explanation:

An exothermic reaction is a chemical or physical reaction that releases heat. An endothermic reaction is a process or reaction that absorbs energy in the form of heat. So, the reaction in which heat is released make the temperature rise.... and the reaction in which heat is absorbed make the temperature fall.

Answer: The stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen is [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex].

Explanation:

A number present on the front of an atom, ion or molecule in a chemical reaction equation is called a stoichiometric coefficient.

For example, [tex]H_{2}O(l) \rightarrow H_{2}(g) + \frac{1}{2}O_{2}(g)[/tex]

Here, the stoichiometric coefficient for [tex]H_{2}O(l)[/tex] is 1, for [tex]H_{2}(g)[/tex] is 1 and for [tex]O_{2}[/tex] is [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex].

Thus, we can conclude that the stoichiometric coefficient for oxygen is [tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex].

Answer:

Explanation:

From the given information;

The chemical reaction can be well presented as follows:

[tex]\mathtt{SO_{2(g)} + \dfrac{1}{2}O_{2(g)} }[/tex]  ⇄ [tex]\mathtt{3SO_{2(l)}}[/tex]

Now, K is known to be the equilibrium constant and it can be represented in terms of each constituent activity:

i.e

[tex]K = \dfrac{a_{so_3}}{a_{so_2} a_{o_2}^{\frac{1}{2}}}[/tex]

However, since we are dealing with liquids solutions;

[tex]K = \dfrac{1}{\dfrac{Pso_2}{P^0}\Big ( \dfrac{Po_2}{P^0} \Big)^{1/2}}[/tex]   since the activity of [tex]a_{so_3}[/tex] is equivalent to 1

Hence, under standard conditions(i.e at a pressure of 1 bar)

[tex]K = \dfrac{1}{Pso_2Po_2^{1/2}}[/tex]

(b)

From the CRC Handbook, we are meant to determine the value of the Gibb free energy by applying the formula:

[tex]\Delta _{rxn} G^o = \sum \Delta_f \ G^o (products) - \sum \Delta_fG^o (reactants) \\ \\ = (1) (-368 \ kJ/mol) - (\dfrac{1}{2}) (0) - ((1) (-300.13 \ kJ/mol)) \\ \\ = -368 \ kJ/mol + 300.13 \ kJ/mol \\ \\ \simeq -68 \ kJ/mol[/tex]

Thus, for this reaction; the Gibbs frree energy = -68 kJ/mol

(c)

Le's recall that:

At equilibrium, the instantaneous free energy is usually zero &

Q(reaction quotient) is equivalent to K(equilibrium constant)

So;

[tex]\mathtt{\Delta _{rxn} G = \Delta _{rxn} G^o + RT In Q}[/tex]

[tex]\mathtt{0- \Delta _{rxn} G^o = RTIn K } \\ \\ \mathtt{ \Delta _{rxn} G^o = -RTIn K } \\ \\ K = e^{\dfrac{\Delta_{rxn} G^o}{RT}} \\ \\ K = e^{^{\dfrac{67900 \ J/mol}{8.314 \ J/mol \times 298 \ K}} }[/tex]

[tex]K =7.98390356\times 10^{11} \\ \\ \mathbf{K = 7.98 \times 10^{11}}[/tex]

(d)

The direction by which the reaction will proceed can be determined if we can know the value of Q(reaction quotient).

This is because;

If  Q < K, then the reaction will proceed in the right direction towards the products.

However, if Q > K , then the reaction goes to the left direction. i.e to the reactants.

So;

[tex]Q= \dfrac{1}{Pso_2Po_2^{1/2}}[/tex]

Since we are dealing with liquids;

[tex]Q= \dfrac{1}{1 \times 1^{1/2}}[/tex]

Q = 1

Since Q < K; Then, the reaction proceeds in the right direction.

Hence, SO2 as well O2 will combine to yield SO3, then condensation will take place to form liquid.

Answer:

2. bubbles when acid is placed on it.

Explanation:

Minerals can be defined as any form of naturally occurring, inorganic solid substance characterized by a crystal structure. Also, minerals are homogeneous in nature with a defined chemical composition and characterized by a crystal structure comprising of ions, atoms, or molecules in an orderly arrangement.

Generally, molecules attach on the inside of a mineral to give it shape. Therefore, the molecule of a mineral is a crystal three-dimensional regular structure (arrangement) of chemical particles that are bonded together and determines its shape.

Due to the fact that these molecules are structurally arranged or ordered and are repeated by different symmetrical and translational operations they determine the shape of minerals.

Additionally, inorganic-crystalline substances which are found naturally within earth are referred to as minerals. Some examples of minerals are iron, copper, aluminum, tin, coal, quartz, feldspar, mica, etc.

The chemical composition or property of a mineral reflect the presence and arrangement of atoms in each. Also, it determines the color and density of a mineral.

In Science, the chemical property of a mineral is evident if the mineral produces a bubble when an acid such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) is placed on it.

Answer: 2

Explanation:

Because the acid bubbles help the mineral break down

Answer: Hello Luv.......

Find the pH of a 0.0025 M HCl solution. ... The hydronium ion concentration can be found from the pH by the reverse of the ... 8.34 = - log [H3O+].

Explanation:

Calculate the pH of the solutions below. 1. ... a) [H+] = 1.0 x 102 M OH-]= 1 x 10-2M aad ... What is the pH of a 7.98 x 10-2 M solution of HNO3 (nitric acid). ... Find the hydronium ion concentration [H3O+] from the pH of the following solutions.

Hope this helps. Sorry if wrong.

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Anna ♥

Answer:

V = 0.104 m³

Explanation:

Given that,

Number of moles, n = 7.70 moles

Pressure, P = 202.6 kPa

Temperature, T = 59.0°C = 332 K

We need to find the volume of the container that the gas. We know that the ideal gas law is as follows :

[tex]PV=nRT\\\\V=\dfrac{nRT}{P}[/tex], R =8.314 m³-Pa/K-mol

Put all the values,

[tex]V=\dfrac{7.7\times 8.314\times 332}{202.6 \times 10^3}\\\\V=0.104\ m^3[/tex]

So, the volume of the container is equal to 0.104 m³.

Answer:

the answer of this question is true

Solution :

[tex]$\text{Helium and nitrogen}$[/tex] gases are contained in a conduit [tex]$7 \ mm$[/tex] is diameter and [tex]$0.08 \ m$[/tex] long at 317 K (44°C) and a uniform constant pressure of 1 atm.

Given :

Diameter, D = 7 mm

L = 0.1 m

T = 317 K

[tex]$P_{A1}=0.075 \ atm $[/tex]

[tex]$P_{A2}=0.03 \ atm $[/tex]

P = 1 atm

From, table

[tex]$D_{AB}= 0.687 \times 10^{-4} \ m/s$[/tex]

We know :

[tex]$J_{A}^* = D_{AB} \frac{d_{CA}}{dz}$[/tex]

[tex]$J_A^*=\frac{(0.687 \times 10^{-4})(0.075-0.03)(\frac{101.32}{1 \ atm}) }{8.319 \times 298 \times 0.10}$[/tex]

    = [tex]$1.26 \times 10^{-6} \ kgmol/m^r s$[/tex]

[tex]$P_{B1} = P-P_{A1}$[/tex]

      = 1 - 0.075

      = 0.925 atm

[tex]$P_{B2} = P-P_{A2}$[/tex]

      = 1 - 0.03

      = 0.97 atm

[tex]$J_B^*=D_{AB}\frac{(P_{B1} \times P_{B2})}{RT( \Delta z)}$[/tex]

    [tex]$=\frac{0.687 \times 10^{-4}(0.925-0.97)(\frac{101.32}{1 \ atm})}{8.314 \times 298 \times 0.1}$[/tex]

    [tex]$=-1.26 \times 10^{-6} \ kg \ mol /m^r s$[/tex]

Partial pressure of helium  [tex]$=\frac{0.075+0.03}{2}$[/tex]

                                             = 0.0525 atm

Answer:

12 L of O₂

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:

CS₂ + 3O₂ —> CO₂ + 2SO₂

From the balanced equation above,

3 L of O₂ reacted to produce 1 L of CO₂.

Finally, we shall determine the volume of O₂ required to produce 4 L of CO₂. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

3 L of O₂ reacted to produce 1 L of CO₂.

Therefore, xL of O₂ will react to produce 4 L of CO₂ i.e

xL of O₂ = 3 × 4

xL of O₂ = 12 L

Thus, 12 L of O₂ is needed for the reaction.

Answer:

a) The lewis dot structure is shown in the image attached to this answer

b) The formal charge on each of the atoms is zero

c) bromine has an oxidation state of +5 while fluorine has an oxidation state of -1

d) 90 degrees

e) Square Pyramidal

f) polar bonds

g) polar molecule

Explanation:

The molecule BrF5 has a formal charge of zero. It exhibits an sp3d2 hybridization state with a square pyramidal geometry. The bond angle in the molecule is 90 degrees. It is a molecule of the type AX5E. The oxidation state of bromine is +5 while that of fluorine is -1.

The Br-F bonds are polar. The overall molecule is polar due to asymmetric charge distribution concentrating on the central atom since the molecule is square pyramidal.

Answer:

0.429 J/g.°C

Explanation:

Step 1: Calculate the heat absorbed by the water (Qw)

We will use the following expression.

Q = c × m × ΔT

where,

c: specific heat capacity

m: mass

ΔT: change in the temperature

Qw = 4.184 J/g.°C × 150. g × (29.8°C-25.0°C) = 3012 J

Step 2: Calculate the heat released by the sample of nickel

According to the law of conservation of energy, the sum of the heat lost by the sample of nickel and the heat absorbed by the water is zero.

Qw + QNi = 0

QNi = -Qw = -3012 J

Step 3: Calculate the specific heat capacity of nickel

We will use the following expression.

QNi = c × m × ΔT

c = QNi/m × ΔT

c = -3012 J/100.0 g × (29.8°C-100.0°C) = 0.429 J/g.°C

Answer:

n = 3

l = 0, 1, or 2

m_l = -2, -1, 0 , 1 or 2.

m_s = +½ or -½

Explanation:

The atomic number of manganese is 25 and as such it's electron configuration is;

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d⁵

The circled electron is part of the 5 electrons in the 3d orbital.

In this place, the main energy level which is the principal quantum number is n = 3 while the azimuthal quantum number is l = 2.

Thus,l can either be 0, 1, or 2

Now; if l = 0, then it means ml = 0

if l = 2, then it means the magnetic quantum number m_l from - l to + l could be -2, -1, 0 , 1 or 2.

Also, we know that the spin quantum number m_s could be +½ or -½

Answer: 103.6 g

Explanation:

On CK-12

Answer:

0.606 g of KNO₃.

Explanation:

We'll begin by converting 300 mL to L. This can be obtained as follow:

1000 mL = 1 L

Therefore,

300 mL = 300 mL × 1 L / 1000 mL

300 mL = 0.3 L

Next, we shall determine the number of mole of KNO₃ in the solution. This can be obtained as follow:

Volume = 0.3 L

Molarity of KNO₃ = 0.020 M

Mole of KNO₃ =?

Mole = Molarity x Volume

Mole of KNO₃ = 0.020 × 0.3

Mole of KNO₃ = 0.006 mole.

Finally, we shall determine the mass of 0.006 mole of KNO₃. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole of KNO₃ = 0.006 mole.

Molar mass of KNO₃ = 39 + 14 + (16×3)

= 39 + 14 + 48

= 101 g/mol

Mass of KNO₃ =?

Mass = mole × molar mass

Mass of KNO₃ = 0.006 × 101

Mass of KNO₃ = 0.606 g

Thus, 0.606 g of KNO₃ is needed to prepare the solution.