11. what two products may be produced during fermentation of simple carbohydrates? how is each identified in the fermentation test? can you have one without the other?

The number of moles that the sample which occupies a volume of 45.1 L at STP contains is 1.2 moles.

At STP,

P = 1atm

T = 273 K

Given,

V = 45.1 L

R = 0.0831 kJ/mol K

By ideal gas law,

PV = nRT

Substituting the values and solve the equation to obtain the value of n,

45.1 × 1 = n × 0.0831 × 273

⇒ n = 45.1/22.6863

⇒ n = 1.2 moles

Hence, the number of moles of the gas is 1.2 moles.

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The correct answer is it is formed via the more/most stable carbocation.  

The following reaction occurs between unsymmetrical alkene (CH₃CH=CH₂) and unsymmetrical electrophilic reagent (H-Br) -

CH₃CH=CH₂ + H-Br → CH₃-CH(Br)-CH₃ + H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-Br

CH₃-CH(Br)-CH₃ is the primary product because it is formed via a secondary carbocation intermediate. In comparison, H₃C-CH₂-CH₂-Br is the minor product because it is created via a primary carbocation intermediate. The stability of secondary carbocation is higher as compared to the primary carbocation. These products are according to Markovnikov's rule.

The above discussion suggests that option C is the correct answer.

What is markovnikov's rule?

Markovnikov's rule states that when an asymmetrical reagent is added to an asymmetrical alkene, then the negative half of the reagent will attach to the carbon atom containing fewer hydrogen atoms.

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The statements given in 1 and 3 are true about Buffer solutions.

Statement 1:

A buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of ​acetic acid and sodium acetate because in buffer solutions strong base should be less. Hence, here acetic acid is the weak acid and sodium acetate is the corresponding salt.

Statement 2:

A buffer solution can be made by mixing equal concentrations of ​hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride, this statement is false because no buffer solution can be made from strong acid like HCl.

Statement 3:

A buffer solution resists changes in pH when small quantities of acid ​or base are added to the solution and this is true.

Hence, the correct statements are 1 and 3.

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The answer that has the lowest oxygen content at the specified temperature, BeBr2, is option b, making it the correct choice.

The balance pressure of a vapor beyond its liquid (or solid), or the pressure of vapor produced by the evaporate of a liquid (or solid) over a specimen of the liquid (or sturdy) in a closed container, is the evaporation of a liquid.

Depending on the merits of its intermolecular forces, a liquid's vapor pressure is one of its characteristics. Weak molecules make liquids more easily vaporize and have higher vapor pressure. A liquid with higher intermolecular interactions has a lower evaporation rate since it takes longer for it to evaporate.

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According to the question, SO2 is the best description of electron distribution in Lewis structure.

When we draw Lewis structures, sometimes the electrons are shared in a way which seems "unfair." For instance, in (CH3)3NO, to give N 8 electrons (and not more, since N can't have more than 8), we have to draw a single bond to oxygen. If we see a reaction between (CH3)3N and an oxygen atom, both electrons that form the bond to O come from N (the former lone pair). (This is a rare example of a reaction that is both a Lewis acid-base reaction and a redox reaction.) However, once the bond is made, these electrons are shared. If you imagine that they are shared equally, then there is a single positive charge on N and negative charge on O. These are called formal charges.

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The standard reaction free energy ΔG° is   -77.393 kJ for the following redox reaction using standard reduction potentials from the aleks data tab.

The redox reaction occurs at anode :

6Cl-(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) → 3 Cl2(g) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)

[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 0.957

[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 1.35827 - 0.957

[tex]E^0_{cell}[/tex] = 0.401

There were 2 moles of electrons involved in this redox reaction, according to the reaction.

[tex]G^0[/tex] = - (2) * 96,500 * 0.401

[tex]G^0[/tex] = - 77393 joules or -77.393 kJ

Hence, the standard reaction free energy is -77.393 kJ.

the complete question is:

Using standard reduction potentials from the ALEKS Data tab, calculate the standard reaction free energy for the following redox reaction. Round your answer to 3 significant digits.

6Cl-(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) + 8H+(aq) -> 3 Cl2(g) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O(l)

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When the gas emits at a rate that is 0. 667 times that of CO₂, it has a molar mass of 62.9 g/mol.

Graham's Law states that a gas's rate of effusion is inversely related to the square root of its molar mass.

√[M(b)/M(a)] = R(a)/R(b)

R is the effusion rate.

square root = sqrt = √

the molar mass, M

Square root of R(a)/R(CO) is √[M(CO)/M(a)].

(0.667)² = 28 g/mol/ M(a)

( by squaring both sides)

M(a)(0.667)² = 28

M(a) = 28/(0.667)²

M(a) = 62.9 g/mol.

The molar mass of the unidentified gas is 62.9 g/mol.

What effect has Graham's law?

According to Graham's law of diffusion, the ratio of the square root of the molecular weights of gas particles to their diffusion rates is equivalent.

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The molar absorptivity of the solution is 47.12 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹.

According to Beer-lamberts law absorbance (A) is  directly proportional to path length (l) and concentration of the solution (C) .

It is given by the formula:

A = e x l x C ..........(1)

Where, e = molar absorptivity constant .

In the question we are given :

A = 0.589

C = 2.50 x 10⁻³ M

l = 5.00 cm

Putting these values in equation 1 we get:

0.589 = e x (2.50 x 10⁻³ M x 5 cm)

Or, e = (0.589 / (1.25 x 10⁻²) M⁻¹ cm⁻¹

Or, e = 47.12 M⁻¹ cm⁻¹ .

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1.6 moles of reactant will be in excess .

What is reactant?
A reagent, also known as an analytical reagent, is a substance as well as compound that is added to a system in order to trigger a chemical reaction or determine whether one has already occurred. Although the words "reagent" and "reactant" are frequently used interchangeably, "reactant" refers to a substance that is consumed during a chemical reaction. Even though they are part of the reaction's mechanism, solvents aren't typically referred to as reactants. Catalysts aren't reactants either because they aren't used up in the reaction. Reactants are frequently referred to as substrates in biochemistry, particularly in relation to enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

By using stoichiometric ratio
5 moles of o2 required to react with 4 moles of nh3
1 moles of o2 required = 4/5 moles of nh3

Here,
When we have 3 moles of o2
then 3 moles of o2 required =  4/5 x 3
                                              = 12/5 moles
                                              = 2.4 moles
then excess of moles of nh3 will be 4 - 2.4 = 1.6.

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In 2.6*10² ms, a sample of radon-218 will deteriorate from 99 grams to 0.50 grams. The half-life of radon-218 is 35 milliseconds.

The only significant, carbon-free energy resource that the nation can extensively expand to produce significant amounts of power is nuclear energy. When fossil fuels are burned to produce the same number of electricity, nuclear power plants avoid producing a sizable amount of emissions. One of the best instances of nuclear fusion seems to be the sun. Helium is created when hydrogen nuclei combine inside the sun, producing thermal energy which warms the Earth..

t = 2.303/R log A₀/A

Hence, R = 0.693/t/2

t = 2.303/0.693*35 log 99/0.5

t = 267ms

= 2.6*10² ms

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To form sigma ( σ ), hybrid orbitals cross each other. To create pi (π) bonds, unhybridized orbitals cross one other.

A model that combines the atomic orbitals of a single atom in a way that creates a new set of orbitals with geometries suitable for forming bonds in the directions suggested by the VSEPR model produces hybrid orbitals. Geometries that are remarkably similar to those observed in actual molecules are predicted by the VSEPR model. Hybrid orbitals are the new orbitals produced as a result of this process. More importantly, hybrid orbitals can be used to explain atomic bonds' properties as well as molecular geometry. For instance, four single bonds are created when the valence-shell s orbital of carbon joins with three valence-shell p orbitals.

Linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral are the five fundamental hybridization shapes. The orbital arrangement's geometry: Linear: Due to the involvement of two electron groups and the 180° angle between the orbitals, sp hybridization results.

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The change in pressure of the gas is; ΔP = 2899.5 Pa

We are given:-

Volume of Monatomic ideal gas(V) = 1.2 m³

Amount of heat added (Q) = 5.22 × 10³ J

number of moles (n) = 3

The change in pressure will be calculated from the formula:-

Where R is a constant = 8.314 J/mol.K

ΔT is the change in temperature

ΔP = (n × R × ΔT)/V

ΔP = (3 × 8.314 × 139.5)/1.2

ΔP = 2899.5 Pa

What is ideal gas?

Ideal gas does not lie in reality. It is a hypothetical gas proposed to simplify the computation. An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of a set of randomly-moving point molecules that interact only through elastic frictions.

The change in pressure of the gas is; ΔP = 2899.5 Pa

We are given:-

Volume of Monatomic ideal gas(V) = 1.2 m³

Amount of heat added (Q) = 5.22 × 10³ J

number of moles (n) = 3

The change in pressure will be calculated from the formula:-

Where R is a constant = 8.314 J/mol.K

ΔT is the change in temperature

ΔP = (n × R × ΔT)/V

ΔP = (3 × 8.314 × 139.5)/1.2

ΔP = 2899.5 Pa

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800 ml of water should be used to dissolve 203.3 g of MgCl2 • 6H2O. Using water, adjust the volume to 1 liter. Create aliquots and autoclave to sterilize. It should be noted that MgCl2 is highly hygroscopic.

Therefore, the given mass is equal to the number of moles divided by the given mass will be equal to the number of moles multiplied by molar mass, so the number of moles was 250 multiplied by 10 to the power minus 6 multiplied by molar mass, which is given in the question, so mass required, will be 0.0149 gram.

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The volume of this gas if placed at stp is 156.7 L.

What is mole?

The amount of substance that has the same number of chemical species (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.) as the number of atoms present in 12g of the carbon-12 isotope is referred to as a mole.

What is gas?

The intermolecular forces of attraction are even weaker than in the liquid form of matter in the gas state. The gas particles are spaced farther apart from one another. Given its kinetic energy, the molecule has weak intermolecular forces.

PV=nRT

V=30.4L

n=6.9 moles

T=335 K

R= 62.36 L.Torr/K.mol

Then,

P=(6.9molx62.36(L.Torr/K.mol)x335K)/30.4L

P=4741 Torr

At STP conditions are T=273.15 K and P=100kPa

Then, V=(6.9molesx273.15Kx8.314(L.KPa/K.mol))/100KPa

V=156.7 L

Therefore,  the volume of this gas if placed at stp is 156.7 L.

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The pH of the solution after 73 minutes is 0.56.

Initial number of moles of H+ ions = molarity of solution × volume of solution = 0.552 × 1.25

             = 0.69

The concentration of H+ ions in solution will now decrease during the electrochemical process.

By applying Faraday's formula, we can determine that the number of moles of H(+) discharged at the electrode is given by n = Q/(z × F),

where Q = the total electric charge in Coulomb,

           F = the Faraday constant,

           z = the number of electrons transferred per ion = 1 (in this case)

We also know that Q = I × t

                                   = 11.4 × 73 × 60

                                   = 49932 C

∴ n = Q/(z × F)

     = (49932)/( 1 × 96500 )

     = 0.5174

The amount of H+ ions left in the solution is now equal to 0.69 - 0.5174 = 0.357 moles.

Then, molecularity of a solution is calculated as the number of moles divided by the volume of the solution = ( 0.357 / 1.25 ) = 0.2856 M.

Lastly, concentration of [H+] = 0.2856 M

∴ pH = -log [H+] = -log [ 0.2856 ] = -log [ 2856 × 10⁻⁴ ] = 0.56

So, pH is calculated 0.56 .

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In order for 0.36 mol of lead to totally react, 0.72 mol of Hydrochloric acid is required.

In the food, textile, metal, or rubber sectors, hydrogen chloride (HCl) is frequently employed as a bleaching agent to neutralize alkaline substances. When discharged into the soil, it is neutralized, and when it comes into contact with water, it hydrolyzes quickly.Low concentrations exposed over an extended period of time may damage and stain teeth. The EPA has not rated the carcinogenicity of hydrochloric acid.

Chemical burns from hydrochloric acid can be extremely painful if they come into contact with epidermis or other tissues. Ingestion of hydrochloric might result in blindness. The amount of acid present determines how severe the burns.

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Five electron groups are engaged in the triangular bipyramidal structure, resulting in sp3d hybridization. The orbital angles are 90° and 120°.

The result is that the VSEPR theory, in which three atoms give an electron pair and create a trigonal bipyramid with angles of 120° and 108°, can explain sp3d hybridization.

The only conceivable molecule geometry for sp3d hybridised centre atoms is trigonal bipyramidal. Trigonal bipyramidal shape is likewise the result if all bonds are present.

There is sp3d hybridization in SF4. Five bonds encircling a single phosphorus correspond to sp3d hybridization in PF5. Six bonds are arranged around one sulphur in SF6 to coincide with sp3d2 hybridization. As you can see, the hybridization produces the same amount of bondable hybridised orbitals regardless of the number of orbitals employed in the process.

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3 p. Compared to 2 s, it's going from like the 3 p level 123 up here to the 2 s level versus 4, p to 3 p, 4 tethys. According to the quantum-mechanical model for the hydrogen atom.

Methane, widely known as natural gas, has a healthy substitute in hydrogen. According to estimates, it makes about 75% of the universe's mass and is the most prevalent chemical element. Huge quantities of hydrogen atoms are present on earth in water, plants, animals, and, of course, people. The principal energy level, energy level, orbital (arbitrary level), and spin of electrons are all described in quantum mechanics models along with the possibility of placing them inside an atom. According to quantum theory, which asserts that matter exhibits wave-like qualities, the quantum mechanics model is built on this idea.

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C₂H₅OH(l) + 3O₂(g)  →  2CO₂(g) + 3H₂O(l)

For complete combustion of ethanol, the amount of heat produced as measured in the bomb calorimeter is 1364.4kJ/mol at 25° C . The enthalpy of combustion for the reaction will be -1366.95kJ/mol

The combustion equation can be balanced as follows;

Firstly i had counted all the carbons, hydrogens and oxygens on the reactant sides as follows;

C= 2           H= 6          O= 3

and on the product side as follows;

C= 1             H= 2           O=3

Then I balanced the equation by multiplied the reactants and the products with suitable coefficients.

C₂H₅OH + 3O₂  →  2CO₂ + 3H₂O

Now the given equation is balanced because it has all the reactants and products in same amount as

C= 2            H= 6             O= 7

The same concentration of Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is present on both reactants and products side.

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Scientists made significant contributions to our understanding of the structure and function of DNA. Place the scientists' names in the correct chronological order, starting with the first scientist(s) name to make a contribution.

Hershey and Chase used which of the following facts to try to ascertain whether the genetic material is protein or DNA: protein does not contain phosphorus.

Avery, McCarty, and MacLeod tried to be investigators and were responsible for the following discovery the S cell chemicals that had been destroyed by heat were purified. Live R cells were used to examine the compounds' potential for transformation. DNA turned out to be the transformative agent.

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The 38.59 gram of oxygen is required to burn 11gram of octane.

2C8H18 + 25O2 = 16CO2 + 18H2O

The complete combustion of 2 x114 gram of octane require 25 x 32 gram of oxygen.

so the 11 gram of octane needs 38.59 gram of oxygen according to balanced chemical equation.

Alkane releases a tremendous amount of heat energy when heated in the presence of enough oxygen or air to form carbon dioxide and water. It happens when there is not enough oxygen present for the complete combustion of the fuel. As a result, carbon or carbon monoxide is produced. A poisonous gas called carbon monoxide is produced as a byproduct and is colorless.

Hence, octane undergoes complete combustion with oxygen.

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True the major organic of the following reaction is optically active.

What is Optically active substance?

Optically active chemicals are those substances that have the ability to change (rotation) the polarisation plane of plane polarised light. Dextrorotatory compounds are those that rotate the plane clockwise (to the right).

What is the Polarization Plane?

The direction that lights with linear polarisation are polarised is indicated by the term "plane of polarisation."

It follows that True: The main optically active organic in the following reaction. 1. BH 3. THF 2. H2O2 4.NaOH .

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The calculated concentration of the H₂SO₄ solution is 0.20 M.

Firstly, we can calculate number of moles of LiOH that are present in the 83.6 mL of 0.12 M LiOH solution.

Volume in mL = 83.6 mL

Volume in litres = 83.6 / 1000 = 0.0836 L

Molarity of LiOH = 0.12 M

Now, to calculate the moles of LiOH 83.6 mL of 0.12 M LiOH solution, formula is:

Mole = Molarity × Volume

So, Moles of LiOH = 0.12 × 0.0836 = 0.010032 moles

Next, we have to calculate the amount of H2SO4 required to react with 0.010032 moles of LiOH:

2LiOH + H₂SO₄ → Li₂SO₄ + 2H₂O

From the above balanced equation, it can be said that 2 moles of LiOH reacted with 1 mole of H₂SO₄. Thus,

The number of moles of H₂SO₄ that are required to react with 0.010032 moles of LiOH = 0.010032 / 2 = 0.005016 mole of H₂SO₄

Now, finally, we will calculate the molarity of H₂SO₄:

Molarity = Mole / volume

Mole of H₂SO₄ = 0.005016 mole

Volume = 25 mL = 25 / 1000 = 0.025 L

On putting these values in the molarity formula-

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = 0.005016 moles / 0.025 L

Molarity of H₂SO₄ = 0.20 M

Hence, the unknown concentration of H₂SO₄ is found to be 0.20 M.

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The balanced chemical equation form of the following equation is Br₂ + 2S₂O₃²⁻ + 10H₂O ⇒ 2Br⁻ + 4SO₄²⁻ + 2OH⁺.

A chemical equation is said to be balanced if the quantity of each type of atom in the reaction is the same on both the reactant and product sides. In a balanced chemical equation, the mass and the change are both equal.

Because mass cannot be generated or destroyed, according to the rule of conservation of mass, a chemical equation must always be in balance.

It's necessary to balance a chemical equation and a chemical reaction. This is so that it can convey how many moles are reacting and creating. The amount of electron that are transferred from one substance to another is also indicated.

Thus, balanced chemical equation is 2S₂O₃²⁻ + 10H₂O ⇒ 2Br⁻ + 4SO₄²⁻ + 2OH⁺.

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A gas at 772 mph and 35oc occupies a volume of 6.85 l, calculate its volume if the temperature is raised to 50oc at a constant pressure and the final volume is 7.18L.

What is Charles law?

Charles' law asserts that a gas's volume is equal to a constant number times the temperature of that gas, as determined by the Kelvin scale (zero Kelvin corresponds to -273.15 degrees Celsius).

What is volume?

The volume (in inches, quarts, or centimeters) that a three-dimensional object takes up in space: The amount of a material that fills a given volume, measured in cubic capacity.

According to Charles law, the volume of a gas is directly proportional to  the absolute temperature at constant pressure.

It can be mathematically represented as; V1/T1 = V2/T2 where V1 = initial volume, and V2 = final volume.

T1= initial temperature in Kelvin and T2= final temperature in  Kelvin.

Here V1 = 6.85 L , T1= 35 + 273 =308 K and T2 =50 +27 =323 K

Final volume = 7.18 L

Therefore, a gas at 772 mph and 35oc occupies a volume of 6.85 l, calculate its volume if the temperature is raised to 50oc at a constant pressure and the final volume is 7.18L.

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Moralizing and ridiculing are both behaviors that can lead to a power struggle rather than effective communication.

When someone moralizes, they are trying to dictate the morality of a situation and put their own values above others. This can lead to feelings of superiority and can make the other person feel like they are being judged or judged unfairly.

Similarly, when someone ridicules someone else, they are attempting to make the other person feel inferior and belittled. This can make the other person feel attacked and can lead to a power struggle as they attempt to regain their sense of power and control.

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When sodium carbonate and magnesium nitrate solutions are combined, a precipitate is created as a result of a double-displacement process. As you balance the chemical equation, make predictions about the reaction's byproducts.

A solid may form when the solutions of two soluble salts are combined. Salts that are insoluble are created during precipitation processes. When magnesium sulfate and sodium carbonate are combined, magnesium carbonate, an insoluble salt, results.

What takes place when sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid interact? When sodium carbonate is added to hydrochloric acid, a double displacement reaction takes place, resulting in the formation of sodium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide. The sodium carbonate and the two moles of HCl combine to generate carbonic acid.

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NaOH is the substance that, in response to the query, would be regarded as an electrolyte. Your blood and other bodily fluids include minerals called electrolytes that are electrically charged.

What transpires if your body is deficient in electrolytes?

Blood clotting, muscular contractions, acid balance, and fluid control can all be affected when your body is low on electrolytes. Since your heart is a muscle, electrolytes aid in controlling your heartbeat.

How can I balance my electrolytes again?

The best way to keep your electrolyte balance is to stay hydrated. The most natural option for hydration is water. Compared to other drinks, it is less expensive and more readily available. Another option for restoring electrolytes is

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If there is exactly one molecule of solute in one liter of solution, the concentration is 1.66x10^-24 M.

Subtract the empirical formula mass from the molar mass of the compound. The outcome must be a whole number or a number that is very close to a whole number. The molecular equation is the end result.

Briefing:

A mole is defined as6.02x10^23 particles, or molecules in this case. Utilize this connection as a conversion factor:

(One mole/6.02x10^23 molecules)

When there is only one molecule present, use the following conversion factor to determine the solute's moles:

(1 molecule) / (1 mole) / (6.02x10^23 molecules) = 1.66 x 1024 moles.

When the molecules cancel, only moles are left.

The number of moles of a solute per liter is concentration by definition. Divide the 1.66x10^-24 moles by the 1.0L volume to get the following result:

1.66x10-241.66x10^-24 molar, or 1.66x10^-24 M, is the result of dividing 1.66x10^-24 moles of solute by 1.0 liter.

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