A soapberry bug with high relative fitness has a relatively high number of offspring that survive to reproductive age.
Relative fitness is defined as the reproductive success of an organism within a population.
The survival of the fittest genotype or phenotype in the population.
survival of the fittest concept is given by the Darwin, where various examples are given to explain how the fittest and most adaptative organism survives it all and increase its population.
The soapberry bugs being the fittest, will be dominant on the rest of the population and will be produce high number of offsprings.
Relative fitness is used to calculate the change in genotype frequency is of a particular genotype.
The genotype of the fittest will always be 1.
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cycloheximide (chx) ( chx ) is a eukaryote protein synthesis inhibitor. it is used in biomedical research to inhibit protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells studied in vitro. its effects are rapidly reversed by simply removing it from the culture medium. in a translation experiment using a fungus culture, radiolabeled amino acids were added to the culture, allowing the researchers to measure the growth of a single polypeptide chain by measuring counts per minute (cpm) ( cpm ) . as the chain grew, the cpm cpm increased. after a certain amount of time, chx chx was added to the mixture, and the experiment continued. after an additional amount of time, the chx chx was removed from the culture medium. which of the following graphs best predicts the data collected during the experiment?
middle up up
Protein synthesis and polypeptide chain growth both stopped in the condition of the medication. But when the medication was taken out, elongation of cycloheximidereturned as well as the polypeptide chain began to lengthen once more.
In biological research, cycloheximide is most frequently employed for this reason. By interfering well with translocation step (the movement of two tRNA molecules as well as an mRNA relative to the ribosome), it prevents translation elongation and hence prevents the production of proteins (61). In vitro studies on eukaryotic cells using cycloheximide to limit protein synthesis are common in biomedical research (i.e. outside of organisms). It is affordable and works quickly. Simply taking it out of the culture media quickly reverses its effects. When ribosomes are immobilised by the translation elongation inhibitor cycloheximide (Godchaux et al., 1967; McKeehan and Hardesty, 1969), a snapshot of their location and time of cycloheximide addition is preserved.
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which of the following statements describes a correct fact about cytoskeletons (microtubules, f-actin and intermediate filaments)?
The correct statements about cytoskeletal filaments are:
The three major cytoskeletal filaments' building blocks can bind to and hydrolyze nucleotides ( A )The building blocks of F-actin and microtubules are globular proteins, whereas those of intermediate filaments are filamentous proteins. ( D )The cytoskeleton is a structure found in cells that aids in cell structure and organization. Some of the cytoskeleton's functions include
Aids in the transport of materials into and out of a cell.Aids in the process of cell divisionCytoskeletal filaments, which are essentially protein filaments found in cell cytoplasm, make up the cytoskeleton. Filamentous proteins make up the intermediate filaments.
As a result, we can conclude that each of the three major cytoskeletal filaments' building blocks can bind to and hydrolyze nucleotides, and that the building blocks of F-actin and microtubules are globular proteins, whereas those of intermediate filaments are filamentous proteins.
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one difference in the older and a younger adult who contract urinary infections is that the older person
One difference in the older and a younger adult who contract urinary infections is that the older person may demonstrate a lower than normal temperature.
Urinary infections are an all-too-normal, excruciating disturbance or more regrettable for more youthful grown-ups, especially ladies. Sadly, you don't be guaranteed to grow out of UTIs in more seasoned age. For example, over 16% of ladies more established than 65 revealed having included a UTI inside the previous year, expanding to almost 30% in ladies north of 85, as per figures detailed in the Walk 2014 issue of Irresistible Illness Facilities of North America. UTIs additionally expansion in more seasoned men.
As you age, UTIs might influence you in an unexpected way. For certain seniors, dementia can additionally confuse UTI anticipation and discovery. Your urinary plot incorporates your urethra, bladder, ureters and kidneys. Pee, which is made in the kidneys, streams down through the ureter cylinders to be put away in the bladder. At the point when you pee, pee goes through the urethra, another cylinder, and out of the body. Cystitis is disease of the bladder, and urethritis is contamination of the urethra. A urinary plot contamination can include any piece of this framework. Albeit most UTIs influence the lower urinary parcel, high level UTIs can include the kidneys, which is more serious.
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(Complete question) is:
one difference in the older and a younger adult who contract urinary infections is that the older person _________.
HELPP Im not sure about these and I can’t get it wrong:)
Note that the descriptions related to the Ecosystem are matched to the options as follows:
Prairie Dogs: Digs holes that aerate the soil and provide habitat to others with their burrows.Elephant Seals: Their restored habitat regulates freshwater downstream of them.Bats: Regulate the spread of rabies (via feral dogs) into human populations.Leopards: Keep baboons from tearing up farm fields.Reindeer: Food, clothing and meat for people of the tundra.Vultures: Regulate the spread of lyme disease into human populations.Pandas: Tramples the ground to keep it aerated and fertilized, keeping the grasslands healthy.Hawks: Keep insect pests off of our crops.What is an Ecosystem?An ecosystem is made up of all the species and the physical environment in which they live. These biotic and abiotic elements are connected via nutrient cycles and energy fluxes. Photosynthesis delivers energy into the system, which is then absorbed into plant tissue.
The ability of natural processes and components to supply commodities and services that directly or indirectly meet human needs is referred to as ecosystem function.
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How do you transfer RNA to amino acids?
When a transfer RNA recognizes and binds to its corresponding codon in the ribosome then tRNA transfers the appropriate amino acid to the end of the growing amino acid chain and continue to decode the mRNA molecule until the whole sequence is translated into a protein.
Process of RNA is translated into an amino acid sequence via the genetic code this process converts each three RNA that is called a codon, into one of twenty amino acids.
It is called Aminoacylation process which means that it adding an aminoacyl group to a compound when tRNA transfers amino acids. It is based on adaptor molecules that translate genetic information into protein sequence by delivering amino acids to the protein synthesis during translation.
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3. Jane has been challenged by her teacher to create a design based on the successes of nature'sdesign. Her assignment includes all parts of the design process. Jane must explore the ecosystemsaround her to make observations, create a model, test the model, and possibly make changes tothe model as she goes throughout the process. Which scientific concept is Jane studying? A. scientific method B. biomimetics C. evolution H
Jane's exploration of the ecosystem to create a model is a scientific concept that has to do with biomimetics, option B.
What is Biomimetics?Biomimetics is a field of study that aims to imitate nature's design and use its strategies to solve human problems in various fields, such as engineering, architecture, and medicine.
It involves taking inspiration from nature and creating new technologies, processes, and products that mimic the structures, functions, and systems found in nature. The goal of biomimetics is to create sustainable, efficient, and effective solutions that are modeled after the way nature operates.
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describe and give examples of continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement schedules (fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval and variable interval).
Continuous reinforcement is when a behavior is reinforced every time it is exhibited, while partial reinforcement schedules is a schedule where a behavior is reinforced only some of the time.
Continuous reinforcement refers to a schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced every time it is exhibited. For example, if a pigeon is trained to peck a button and receives food every time it pecks the button, that would be an example of continuous reinforcement.
Partial reinforcement schedules refer to a schedule of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only some of the time. There are four types of partial reinforcement schedules: fixed ratio, variable ratio, fixed interval, and variable interval.
Fixed ratio schedule: A behavior is reinforced only after a specific number of responses. For example, if a factory worker is paid every 10 widgets they produce, that would be an example of a fixed ratio schedule.Variable ratio schedule: A behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. For example, playing a slot machine is an example of variable ratio schedule, because the number of times the lever must be pulled before winning the jackpot is unpredictable.Fixed interval schedule: A behavior is reinforced only after a specific amount of time has passed. For example, a teacher only giving a quiz every two weeks is an example of a fixed interval schedule.Variable interval schedule: A behavior is reinforced after an unpredictable amount of time has passed. For example, a pop quiz is an example of a variable interval schedule, because the teacher does not announce when the quiz will be given.To learn more about continuous reinforcement visit: https://brainly.com/question/25961563
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The dominant allele for dimples is D. What genetic condition does an individual with the alleles dd have?
Answer:
The genotic condition I a
Describe the function of muscle cells in the wall of the stomach.
The function of muscularis in the stomach wall is to squeeze the walls together to help move partly digested food into the small bowel.
Muscle fibers comprise a single muscle cell. They prop to control the physical forces within the body. When grouped with each other, they can reduce the movement of your limbs and tissues.
Therefore, the stomach muscles contract occasionally, churning food to improve digestion. Among all the GI organs, the stomach is the only one with a triple-layered tunica muscularis which is a muscle layer.
This triple layer of muscle allows the stomach to twist, turn and churn in different directions to mechanically and chemically digest your food. This muscle is also a smooth muscle, which is under involuntary control.
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Santiago Elena and Richard Lenski performed long-term artificial selection experiments with bacteria. Over time, the bacteria evolved an ability to use succinate as a food source. Which of the following is a conclusion of these experiments?A. All of the answer options are correct.B. Natural selection can occur in the laboratory.C. Bacteria can evolve an improved ability to use succinate.D. Evolution can occur in the laboratory.E. Bacteria can evolve over time
As over time, the bacteria evolved an ability to use succinate as a food source all of the answer options are correct is a conclusion of these experiments. Option A.
Santiago Elena and Richard Lenski conducted long-term artificial selection experiments with bacteria, wherein the bacteria evolved an ability to use succinate as a food source.
These experiments demonstrate that natural selection can occur in the laboratory and that bacteria can evolve an improved ability to use succinate and over time.
Through natural selection, bacteria have evolved and begun to use succinate as a food source. This means that the bacteria can evolve over time in a laboratory.
Therefore, option A is correct, as all of the answer options are reflective of the results of the experiments.
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Subject: Biology
Vocabulary/Important People: On a separate sheet of paper define the vocabulary terms and identify the importance of the people below. *Try this without looking the terms up, it helps you study if you try it on your own first.
Dichotomous Key Phylogeny Evolution Charles Darwin Linneaus
Binomial Nomenclature Homologous Structure Analogous Structure Vestigial Structure
Fossil Record
Comparative Embryology Biogeography Molecular Biology Transitional Organism Anatomy
Common Ancestor
Concept Map: Create a concept map (Example below) to identify how the vocabulary terms and people are related within this unit. For each line describe how the items are related. This is an excellent way to study! The more connections and better descriptions you have the more you understand the concept.
Key Concept 1: Patterns of Evolution
Directions: Using your notes and the other activities we have completed, try to describe each of the learning objectives below.
EVO 1.1(a) Use scientific evidence to justify a claim of an evolutionary relationship between species.
EVO 1.1(b) Describe shared
characteristics (homologies) among organisms that provide evidence for common ancestry
EVO 1.2(a) Create or modify models to illustrate evolutionary relationships.
EVO 1.2(b) Use models of evolutionary relationships to describe and/or analyze how different species are related.
The explanation of the vocabulary terms include:
Dichotomous Key: A tool used in biology to identify organisms by their characteristics, which can be used to narrow down a list of possibilities through a series of choices.
Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
Evolution: The process by which populations of living organisms change over time through natural selection, genetic drift, and other mechanisms, leading to the emergence of new species.
Charles Darwin: A British naturalist who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of science.
Linnaeus: A Swedish botanist and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature.
Binomial Nomenclature: A system of naming organisms using two Latin names, the first representing the genus and the second representing the species.
Homologous Structures: Structures in different organisms that have a similar underlying structure and development, but may have different functions, suggesting they have a common ancestor.
Analogous Structures: Structures in different organisms that have similar functions but a different underlying structure and development, suggesting they have evolved independently.
Vestigial Structures: Structures in organisms that have little or no function in the organism, but have a function in an organism's ancestors
Fossil Record: The remains or traces of organisms from the past, which can provide evidence for the existence and evolution of extinct species.
Comparative Embryology: The study of the developmental stages of different organisms, which can provide evidence for common ancestry.
Biogeography: The study of the distribution of living organisms and fossils across different regions and through time, which can provide evidence for the evolution of species.
Molecular Biology: The study of the molecular basis of biological activity, which can provide evidence for evolutionary relationships between species through the comparison of DNA and protein sequences.
Transitional Organism: An organism that shows characteristics intermediate between two different groups, suggesting it is a link in the evolutionary chain between them.
Anatomy: The study of the structure and organization of living organisms, which can provide evidence for evolutionary relationships between species.
Common Ancestor: A hypothetical ancestor from which two or more species have evolved, inferred from the similarities and differences in their characteristics.
How to explain the vocabulary?To claim an evolutionary relationship between species, scientists use a combination of evidence from paleontology, comparative anatomy, molecular biology and biogeography. For example, the discovery of transitional fossils that show a gradual transition between the characteristics of two different groups of species, the similarities and differences in the DNA sequences of different species, the similarities in the embryological development of different organisms and the distribution of different species in different regions can provide evidence of evolutionary relationships between species.
Homologous structures are structures in different organisms that have a similar underlying structure and development, but may have different functions. These structures provide evidence for common ancestry because they suggest that the organisms with these structures share a recent common ancestor. Examples of homologous structures include the forelimbs of mammals, birds, and reptiles, which all have the same basic bone structure, despite being adapted for different purposes such as flight, grasping, or digging.
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what two traits provide the basis of our selection strategy for both enterobacter aerogenes and for escherichia coli? [1 point]
The large Gram-negative family Enterobacteriaceae includes a variety of pathogens, such as Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Proteus, Serratia, and other species.
In hospital wards throughout the past three decades, Enterobacter aerogenes and E. cloacae have been identified as significant opportunistic and multiresistant bacterial infections for humans. Several epidemics of hospital-acquired diseases in Europe, particularly in France, have led to extensive descriptions of these Gram-negative bacteria.
The spread of Enterobacter species is correlated with the development of detoxifying enzymes involved in antibiotic degradation/inactivation and redundant regulatory cascades that effectively limit membrane permeability, assuring bacterial protection.
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Characteristics of a Myth
Add ONE example from Rip van winkle to support the myth characteristic
(must include page numbers)
1.Focused on extraordinary,
heroic, impressive, magical,
or mysterious events and
their consequences
2.Meant to convey a positive
message about a nation or
its people to readers
The story illustrates the value of freedom and independence through the example of Rip Van Winkle, who was able to escape his daily routine and discover his own happiness.
Why is Rip Van Winkle a legend?
A myth is defined as a narrative that contains supernatural or magical elements, such as the character of Rip Van Winkle, who falls asleep for 20 years after ingesting a special potion. Additionally, it takes place in a romanticized portrayal of the Hudson Valley in colonial America.
which came to represent the legend of the vanished American past. The characters in the story serve as allegories and symbols for various facets of American society, and the narrative itself is a commentary on
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Why are gametes the only haploid cells in your body?
a. Because it takes four gametes to make a zygote
b. Because half of an offspring's DNA will come from each parent
c.Because they are the only cells not doing a job
d.They are not haploid, they are diploid
Answer:
Correct option is b
b. Because half of an offspring's DNA will come from each parent
Explanation:
Classify each statement or picture as applying to gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, or both.
Turn pink following Gram staining.Have an external membrane as part of their cell wall structure. Have a thin peptidoglycan layer.Remove crystal violet with ease with an alcohol rinse.
The crystal violet stain utilized in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation is not retained by gram-negative bacteria.
They can be identified by the structure of their cell envelopes, which are made up of a bacterial outer membrane, an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane, and a thin peptidoglycan cell wall. There are gram-negative bacteria in every place in Universe that supports life.
They present a serious medical problem because many antibiotics, such as penicillin, detergents that would ordinarily destroy the inner cell membrane, as well as lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme generated by animals and a component of the innate immune system, cannot penetrate their outer membrane.
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Gram-positive bacteria is correct option, have a thick covering of peptidoglycan. - Crystal violet cannot be removed with an alcohol rinse. - become purple during Gram staining.
Gram staining can thus be used to distinguish between the two types of bacteria. Gram-negative bacteria have impermeable cell walls, which makes them more resistant to antibodies. Based on their capacity to retain the gramme stain, bacteria are divided into gram-positive and gram-negative groups.
Gram staining, turn pink. have an exterior membrane that is a component of the cell wall. possess a thin covering of peptidoglycan. With an alcohol washing, crystal violet can be easily removed. Gram-negative bacteria do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. Their cell envelopes, which are made up of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall, an inner cytoplasmic cell membrane, and an outside bacterial membrane, can be recognised by their structure. Every environment that can support life has gram-negative bacteria.
Because many antibiotics, like penicillin, and detergents that would typically disrupt the inner cell membrane, including lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme produced by animals and a component of
The given question is incomplete, the complete is:
Classify each statement or picture as applying to gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, or both.
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It is helpful to form hypotheses because they help focus your investigation on a single idea to be tested. Suppose that a farmer wants to determine what the best growing conditions are for almond trees on his farm. Which of the following are appropriate hypotheses that the farmer could test? Select all that apply. Which of the following are appropriate hypotheses that the farmer could test? Select all that apply. Almond trees grow taller when they are planted in direct sunlight. Almond trees live longer if fertilizer is mixed into the soil once every three months. Almond trees produce larger almonds if they are watered daily and fertilizer is used. Almond trees produce more almonds if they are watered once a day. Request Answer Part D The scientific method is a process that is used by everyone in their daily lives, not just by scientists in a research lab. Which of the following scenarios describe people using steps of the scientific method? Select all that apply. Which of the following scenarios describe people using steps of the scientific method? Select all that apply. In order to determine what type of fertilizer works best for growing flowers on his balcony, Joe plants flowers in three pots with three different types of fertilizes and measures their growth over time. While trying to figure out why her smartphone keeps turning off after she dropped it, Jocelyn predicts that the battery is loose inside the case. Miguel's car doesn't start in the morning, so he methodically checks one possible component at a time to try to figure out why his car will not start. Sarah observes that a specific type of ant keeps showing up in her kitchen, which leads her to wonder what the ant is attracted to.
Option A, B, and C: Almond trees grow taller, produce larger almonds and produce more almonds when watered daily, is the appropriate hypothesis that the farmer could test for almond trees.
The farmer here is making a scientific investigation to test the almond trees and would find that almond trees are influenced by factors like water, sunlight, and air as well. When watered daily, they would a good and bigger amount of the fruit. Thus, water and sunlight here are the environmental factors that help the farmer to test the hypothesis. Option A, B and C provide the right information.
A hypothesis is a suggested explanation for a phenomenon (plural: hypotheses). According to the scientific process, a theory may only be regarded as scientific if it can be tested. Scientific hypotheses are frequently based on prior data that cannot be fully explained by accepted explanations.
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A program was introduced to improve fishing in a pond . First , fish were removed from the pond . Later, the pond was restocked with young carnivorous fish . Instead of growing into large fish , the new population contained many stunted individuals. Explain .
The new population could not grow into large fish due to competition for resources.
What is competition?Competition is a form of biological interaction in which organisms compete for limited resources. The competition can be among organisms of the same species (intraspecies competition) or organisms belonging to different species (interspecies competition).
In competition, the organisms involved are both affected negatively because the limitation of resources implies that none of them can get enough for optimal growth and development.
Replacing the original population of fish from the pond and replacing them with a single species of fish means that there would be a stiff intraspecies competition within the population. This will limit the growth of the fishes as well, hence, their stunted growth.
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Which of the
following is easiest
to regulate?
A. acid deposition
B. runoff from agricultural
lands
C. sediment from
construction sites
D. effluent from factories
The easiest to regulate will be acid deposition.
Option A is correct.
What is pollutants?A pollutant or also called a novel entity is described as a substance or energy introduced into the environment that has undesired effects, or adversely affects the usefulness of a resource.
The main pollutants present in most drinking water sources are organic substances, ammonia nitrogen, phenols, pesticides and pathogenic micro-organisms.
Therefore a great way to reduce acid deposition is to produce energy without using fossil fuels.
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Answer:
D. effluent from factories
Explanation:
I just did it on Acellus and it was right. Answer A is INCORRECT!
In land snails of the genus Euhadra, the direction of shell coiling determines which individuals are physically capable of mating with each other. Based on this information and on the phylogeny in the figure, drag each statement to the correct blank to indicate whether it is true or false.
Based on the above information and the phylogeny of the figure, the statements that are true or false are:
Statement 1: TRUE - In land snails of the genus Euhadra, the direction of shell coiling determines which individuals are physically capable of mating with each other.Statement 2: FALSE - All cellulose fibrils and crystals with detectable chirality are right-handed.Cellulose fibrils are microscopic fibers of cellulose molecules, which are the main component of plant cell walls. Cellulose fibrils are very strong and are found in many materials, such as wood, paper, textiles and cellophane. The fibrils are arranged in a helical form, with the cellulose molecules forming a helix around a central axis. This arrangement gives cellulose fibrils their strength, making them an important component in many materials.
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During what stage do the chromosomes pull a part
Answer:
Anaphase
Explanation:
The sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell. Each is now its own chromosome. The chromosomes of each pair are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.
Answer:
Anaphase
Explanation:
After metaphase is complete, the cell enters anaphase. During anaphase, the microtubules attached to the kinetochores contract, which pulls the sister chromatids apart and toward opposite poles of the cell . At this point, each chromatid is considered a separate chromosome.
when banting and best performed their experiments on dogs, they need approval from a committee before they could begin animal work. group of answer choices
The statement "when Banting and Best performed their experiments on dogs, they need approval from a committee before they could begin animal work" is false, because when Banting and Best performed their experiments on dogs, they need approval from John James Rickard Macleod before they could begin animal work.
In the eаrly 1920s, Frederick Bаnting аnd Chаrles Best discovered insulin under the directorship of John Mаcleod аt the University of Toronto. With the help of Jаmes Collip insulin wаs purified, mаking it аvаilаble for the successful treаtment of diаbetes. Bаnting аnd Mаcleod eаrned а Nobel Prize for their work in 1923.
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Question 2 (1 point)
Which best describes evolutionary success?
A successful organism possesses adaptive traits and produces more offspring than survive.
B successful organism possesses traits that are different from traits in the rest of the population and that allow the organism to
compete more successfully.
C successful organism possesses adaptive traits and is able to pass those traits on to numerous offspring which then reproduce.
D successful organism produces more offspring than others in the population.
Evolutionary success: Successful organisms possess adaptive traits and can pass these traits on to a large number of offspring to reproduce.
What is Evolutionary success?Evolutionary success is best described as organisms with adaptive traits that allow them to compete better than other organisms in the same population and produce more offspring.Evolutionary success means that an organism can pass those traits on to a large number of offspring, and then replicate those traits and pass them on to its own offspring.Evolutionary success process of conferring beneficial properties and allowing organisms to grow normally increases their chances of survival in a particular environment.Through this reproductive success, organisms increase their chances of passing on their genetic material to future generations, increasing their evolutionary success.Evolutionary success is associated with genetic variation and historical demographics, as indicated by high frequency and wide geographic range. Here, we investigate how Quaternary climate change affected the demographics and distribution of the neotropical wetland palm Mauritia flexuous.To learn more about Evolutionary success from the given link:
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which of the following statements about cells is correct single cells cannot exist independently
The statement "single cells cannot exist independently" is correct.
Cells are the basic unit of life and are essential for the functioning of living organisms. Single cells, such as bacteria and protozoa, can exist independently, but they are still dependent on the external environment for survival. For example, they need a source of energy, such as sunlight or organic matter, and a source of nutrients, such as minerals and vitamins. Single cells also have a limited set of functions and cannot perform all the functions required for survival on their own.
However, multicellular organisms, such as animals and plants, are made up of many cells that work together to perform all the functions required for survival. These cells are specialized to perform specific functions, such as digestion, movement, and reproduction. They also communicate and coordinate with each other to ensure the survival of the organism as a whole. Therefore, it is correct to say that single cells cannot exist independently.
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Using 18 O as the basis of your discussion, explain how we know that the oxygen released in photosynthesis comes from water.
The experiments of photosynthesis showed that the O2 from plants was labeled with 18O only if water was the source of the tracer. If the 18O was introduced to the plant in the form of CO2, the label did not turn up in the released O2.
Scientists confirmed van Niel's hypothesis that oxygen released from photosynthesis comes from water with the use of 18O, a heavy isotope, as a tracer to follow the fate of oxygen atoms during photosynthesis.
The stages of photosynthesis that transform solar energy into chemical energy are known as light reactions. O2 is released as a consequence of the splitting of water, which also serves as a source of protons and electrons. Chlorophyll absorbs light, which triggers the transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions from water to NADP+, an electron acceptor. where they are momentarily kept. The light processes add two electrons and a hydrogen ion to convert NADP+ to NADPH using sun energy. The light reactions also produce ATP by phosphorylating ADP by adding a phosphate group under the control of chemiosmosis. Thus, NADPH and ATP are the first two molecules that light energy is transformed into.
Carbon fixation is the mechanism by which CO2 from the air is incorporated into organic molecules already present in the chloroplast to start the Calvin cycle. By adding electrons, the cycle then converts the fixed carbon to carbohydrates.
NADPH, which obtained its electron payload from light processes, provides the reducing power. converting CO2 .The cycle needs ATP, which is produced by the light reactions, as well as chemical energy in the form of carbohydrate.
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. Science students in Alma’s class are observing prepared slides of the cells of maple tree leaves and mammal skin cells. Their teacher records their observations on the board as they study the cells under the microscope’s highest magnification. Which would be included in the teacher’s list?
a. The leaf cells have green organelles called chloroplasts; the animal cells do not.
b. Both the animal and plant cells have an oval shape and are about the same size.
c. Both types of cells have a membrane that is also surrounded by a cell wall.
d. The skin cells have a nucleus, but the cells of the leaves have no nucleus
Answer: A. The leaf cells have green organelles called chloroplasts; the animal cells do not.
Carbon Cycle: Reflect
Write a reflection about your learning in this unit. Your reflection should be at least 3 sentences (preferably 4-5). Use the following sentence starters as a guide.
- I feel confident using models is a good way to explore the carbon cycle because...
- It is challenging to see the relationships between photosynthesis and cellular respiration because...
- Models are useful when studying the cycling of carbon because...
In the carbon cycle, carbon interchanges into other compounds and transfers among the biosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere.
What is the carbon cycle?The conversion of carbon into its other compounds in the atmosphere is called the carbon cycle.
I feel confident using models is a good way to explore the carbon cycle because learning about the carbon cycle is easy by a model. It is challenging to see the relationships between photosynthesis and cellular respiration because the carbon dioxide released in cellular respiration is absorbed by the plants and they use it in photosynthesis.
Models are useful when studying the cycling of carbon because it makes it easy to understand.
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a heavy frog and a light frog jump straight up into the air. they push off in such away that they both have the same kinetic energy just as they leave the ground. air resistance is negligible. which of the following statements about these frogs are correct?
if both the frogs have the same kinetic energy just as they leave the ground. air resistance is negligible then, The lighter frog goes higher than the heavier frog and The lighter frog is moving faster than the heavier frog.
as we can see that the lighter frog goes higher and the heavier frog goes down and is slower is because,
according to the question, both the frogs have same kinetic energy and therefore we can apply the equation,
K L = KH
1/2mv² = 1/2mv²
if the acting force is gravity, then KE at the height of maximum can be written as,
Vf²-V0² = -2g X HMAX
here H = Hmax.
therefore,
H=V0²/2g
as both have the same kinetic energy we can conclude lighter will be faster and higher than the heavier frog.
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Classify the descriptions as being representative of either the somatic nervous system or the autonomic nervous system. Somatic Nervous System Autonomic Nervous System Two lower motor neurons Stimulates skeletal muscle fibers Voluntary control Innervates cardiac muscle and smooth muscle Involuntary control One lower motor Reset
Somatic Nervous System -Voluntary Control -One lower motor neuron -Stimulates skeletal muscle fibers
Autonomic Nervous System - involuntary control
-two lower motor neurons -innervates heart muscle and smooth muscle
The somatic and autonomic nervous systems are both elements of the peripheral nervous system, which allows the brain and spinal cord to receive and send information to different parts of the body.
The somatic nervous system has both sensory and motor pathways, whereas the autonomic nervous system exclusively has motor pathways. The autonomic nervous system regulates internal organs and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system regulates muscles and movement.
The autonomic nervous system is a component of the peripheral nervous system that regulates involuntary physiologic activities such as heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal.
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what is the sequence of the above pictured dna molecule in the 3 bp region enclosed in the box? give only the sequence of the strand on the left reading from bottom to top. use upper case letters (a for adenine, g for guanine, c for cytosine, t for thymine). do not leave any spaces.
The 3′-end (three prime finish) of a strand is so named because it ends at the hydroxyl gathering of the third carbon in the sugar ring and is known as the last part.
Each gathering of three bases in mRNA comprises a codon, and every codon determines a specific amino corrosive (subsequently, it is a trio code). The mRNA succession is in this manner utilized as a layout to collect — all together — the chain of amino acids that structure a protein.
DNA is made out of two strands of nucleotides kept intact by hydrogen holding. The strands each run from 5' to 3' and run in antiparallel, or inverse, bearings from each other.
Each finish of a DNA particle has a number. One end is alluded to as 5' (five prime) and the opposite end is alluded to as 3' (three prime). The 5' and 3' assignments allude to the number of carbon particles in a deoxyribose sugar particle to which a phosphate bunch bonds.
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A DNA particle has a number on each end. Five prime is mentioned at one end, while three prime is mentioned at the other (three prime).
The deoxyribose sugar particle's number of carbon atoms that a phosphate bunch attaches to is indicated by the 5' and 3' assignments.
Because it stops at the hydroxyl gathering of the third carbon in the sugar ring and is referred to as the last portion, the 3′-end (three prime finish) of a strand is so named.
In mRNA, each grouping of three nucleotides is called a codon, and each codon determines a certain amino acid (subsequently, it is a trio code). In this way, the sequence of mRNA is used as a pattern to gather all of the amino acid chains that make up a protein.
Two strands of nucleotides make up DNA, and hydrogen holds the nucleotides together. Each of the strands extends from 5' to 3' and moves in an inverse or antiparallel direction from the other.
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show that the directional derivative exists iff directional derivative of partial derivative exists
The directional derivative only exists if and only if the partial derivatives exist. This is because the directional derivative is a linear combination of the partial derivatives.
For a function of several variables, the existence of the directional derivative in a given direction is equivalent to the existence of the partial derivative with respect to each variable in that direction. This is because the directional derivative can be shown as a linear combination of the partial derivatives, with the coefficients depending on the direction.
The directional derivative of a function at a given point in a given direction is a measure of how much the function changes in that direction. The partial derivative of a function at a given point with respect to a given variable is a measure of how much the function changes with respect to that variable.
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