You inject an antibody against the protein tubulin into a living animal cell. After the injection, the cell begins mitosis, but the chromosomes do not become attached to the spindle; in fact, there is no spindle. The contractile ring does, however, form. What do these results mean?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The mitotic spindle was “ blocked ” by the action of the antibodies that bind to tubulin.

Explanation:

The tubulin heterodimers consist of α- or β-tubulin structures that form the microtubules, which represent the cytoskeletal of eukaryotic cells. During mitosis, the microtubules are arranged in order to form the mitotic spindle, this structure is critical for the segregation of homologous chromosomes during Anaphase.

Interphase microtubules are required for attaching chromosomes in the middle of the cell during its division, thereby it is expected that the antibodies bind to these microtubules during this process.

The contractile ring is formed by approx. 20 actin filaments that encircle the middle of dividing cells, thereby it is expected that these antibodies are specific of tubulin heterodimers.


Related Questions

Suppose a plant breeder wants to isolate mutants in tomatoes that are defective in DNA repair. However, this breeder does not have the expertise or equipment to study enzymes in DNA repair systems.
Which methods would best allow the breeder to identify tomato plants that are deficient in DNA repair?
A) Expose putative DNA repair mutant plants to ionizing radiation L and see if they survive less well than wild-type plants.
B) Measure the amount of post-translational processing that occurs in the putative DNA repair mutant plants. Measure the somatic mutation rates for the putative DNA repair mutant plants.
C) Expose the putative DNA repair mutant plants to a deaminating agent and select those that have a decreased mutation rate.
D) Measure the germ line spontaneous and induced mutation rates for the putative DNA repair mutant plants.

Answers

The provided question has marked options incorrectely the correct order as follows:

A) Expose putative DNA repair mutant plants to ionizing radiation L and see if they survive less well than wild-type plants.

B) Measure the amount of post-translational processing that occurs in the putative DNA repair mutant plants.

C) Measure the somatic mutation rates for the putative DNA repair mutant plants.

D) Expose the putative DNA repair mutant plants to a deaminating agent and select those that have a decreased mutation rate.

E) Measure the germline spontaneous and induced mutation rates for the putative DNA repair mutant plants.

Answer:

The correct answer is: A), C) and E)

Explanation:

The breeder wants to isolate the mutants in tomatoes that are defective in DNA repair, to identify such plants breeder should follow these methods as they will allow best to identifying the defective tomatoes-

Measure the somatic mutation rates for the putative DNA repair mutant plants.

Measure the germline spontaneous and induced mutation rates for the putative DNA repair mutant plants.

Expose putative DNA repair mutant plants to ionizing radiation L and see if they survive less well than wild-type plants.  This will allow the breeder to see and analyze the ability of DNA repair in tomatoes

Explain why detritivores, decomposers and omnivores are not assigned trophic level​

Answers

Answer:

They can be found in several trophic levels, as they are related with several trophic level, hence, they cannot be placed on a specific trophic level.

Explanation:

A trophic level is a specific position occupied by a group of organisms on a good chain in relation to their nutrition.

Dentrivores feed on the waste of other organisms and cannot be really placed on a specific trophic level, likewise decomposers, of which they feed and decompose the body of organisms.

Omnivores feed on both plants and animals, which includes producers and consumers. Placing omnivores on a specific trophic level would not be really straightforward also.

Rutherford tracked the motion of tiny, positively charged particles shot through a thin sheet of gold foil. Some particles traveled in a straight line and some were deflected at different angles. Which statement best describes what Rutherford concluded from the motion of the particles? Some particles traveled through empty spaces between atoms and some particles were deflected by electrons. Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by electrons. Some particles traveled through empty spaces between atoms and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms. Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.

Answers

Answer:

Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.

Explanation:

Rutherford concluded from his experiment that there are empty spaces present in most parts of the atom while a heavy positive charge is present in the nucleus of an atom due to which the tiny positively charged particles deflects because of positive-positive charge repulsion. Most of positively charged particles passes undeflected which indicated the presence of empty spaces in the atoms. The electrons revolve around the nucleus have no effect on the deflection of positively charged particles.

Rutherford conducted a legendary experiment to determine atomic structure in which he bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles. In the aftermath of the experiment he concluded that; Some particles traveled through empty parts of the atom and some particles were deflected by small areas of high-density positive charge in atoms.

The gold foil experiment showed that the atom is composed of a massive core which contains positively charged particles.

This massive core is at the center of the atom surrounded by electrons that move in orbits. Hence, the resulting model of the atom was called the planetary model.

The deflected positively charged particles were deflected by this small area of high-density positive charge in atoms.  

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there are more hydrogen atoms in living organisms than any other atoms are asking is more abundant in the terms Mass why is this statement true​

Answers

Answer:

The statement is true because most organisms are made of water, and water consists of mostly hydrogen (atoms) since its chemical formula is H2O.

A single point mutation in a gene results in a nonfunctional protein. Individuals heterozygous for this mutation were identified using a Southern blot. Which pair of wild-type (WT) and mutant alleles most likely contains the mutation?
A. WT 5-TAGTCGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3
Mutant 5-TAGTCGATGCTTAGGCATCT-3
B. WT 5-TAGTCGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3
Mutant 5-TAGTCGAAGCTTAGGCATAT-3
C. WT 5-TAGTCGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3
Mutant 5-TAGTTGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3
D. WT 5-TAGTCGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3
Mutant 5-TAGTCCAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3

Answers

Answer:

C. WT 5-TAGTCGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3

Mutant 5-TAGTTGAAGCTTAGGCATCT-3

Explanation:

In the wild type, the DNA sequence encodes the following aminoacidic segment: SRSLGI; while the mutant form has a stop codon in the second codon (TGA). A stop codon is a trinucleotide sequence in the messenger RNA (mRNA) that indicates a stop signal in protein synthesis. There are three types of stop codons: UGA, UAG and UAA, where U represents Uracile in the mRNA instead of Thymine in the DNA sequence.

Representation:  

C. WT 5-T AGT CGA AGC TTA GGC ATC T-3 >> 5'3' Frame 1 = SRSLGI

Mutant 5-T AGT TGA AGC TTA GGC ATC T-3 >> 5'3' Frame 1 = S-, where - represents a stop codon (TGA) and therefore it is the end of the protein.

Which of the following is a known limiting factor for good nutrition

Answers

Answer:  

seems you forgot the "followings" but here are some known limiting factors

Explanation:

   Exercise,Physiology, Mindset, Nutrition and Genetics.

smear samples from patient admitted at the kole-teaching hospital with boils and abscesses were brought to the laboratory for staining and microscopic examination. As an upcoming microbiologist state the keeping steps you would to stain the smear using Gram stain.upon examination, you've found blue coloured graped-cluster berry round the cell
1.what could be the outcome of the Gram staining reaction
2.what could be this bacterium and why

Answers

Answer:

It could be a Staphylococcus or also called Staphylococcus, due to the disposition it presents.

Explanation:

Staphylococci are coconuts (rounded shape) that unite in the form of a bunch of grapes, this is characteristic of them.

It could become a Staphylococ Aureus, since these are usually associated with the most frequent infections in humans, but the possibility that it is another type of the same bacterial family is not ruled out.

Which of these is an organism?

Answers

Answer:

A wolf...........

.......................

Answer:

I believe the answer is heart

In 1668 Francesco Redi did a series of experiments on spontaneous generation. He began by putting similar pieces of meat into eight identical jars. Four jars were left open to the air, and four were sealed. He then did the same experiment with one variation: instead of sealing four of the jars completely, he covered them with gauze (the gauze will exclude the flies while allowing the meat to be exposed to air). In both experiments, he monitored the jars and recorded whether or not maggots (young flies) appeared in the meat.
Refer to the paragraph on Redi's experiments. In both experiments, fies appeared in all of the open jars and only in the open jars. Which one of the following statements is correct?
A. The experiment was inconclusive because it did not nun long enough
B. The experiment supports the hypothesis that spontaneous generation occurs in rotting meat.
C. The expertment supports the hwpothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flhes
D. The experiment was inconclusive because Redi used only one kind of meat

Answers

Answer:

The experiment supports the hypothesis that maggots arise only from eggs laid by adult flies; that is  only from reproduction and development.

Explanation:

The objective of this experimental set up by Francesco Radi  was to demonstrate the concept of spontaneous generation. He concluded that, Maggots are not spontaneous generated from rotten meats, rather they are products of eggs laid by houseflies who visited the rotten meat to lay eggs. The maggots (larva) are products of complete metamorphosis, from egg to larva to pupa and adult. This is an indication that, new organisms are not formed form spontaneously, but are products of well-defined process of reproduction and development which in this case is a  complete metamorphosis.

Based on this premise he concluded that, if maggots were products of  laid eggs, then they should appear only  when rotten meat is exposed to  open air.However,if they are f products of spontaneous generation they should appear irrespective of  the meat exposure to air or not.

What brings greater concentrations of dissolved nutrients to the ocean surface?

Answers

Answer: Upwelling

Explanation:

Upwelling is a process of movement of dense, cold and nutrient rich water from the bottom of the ocean to the surface layers due to wind currents. This process replaces the warm and nutrient deficient water from the surface.

This process is useful for the growth of phytoplanktons and other sea plants growing in the surface layer of oceanic water.

Which factors affect the rate of photosynthesis select all that apply

Answers

Answer:

Limiting factors such as

Effect of temperature

Effect of light intensity

Concentration of carbon dioxide

These all factors can affect the rate of photosynthesis

Explanation:

I hope it will help you

Answer:

light intestity

rate of oxygen

carbon4oxide concentration

temperature

The process of succession is necessary to maintain and establish stable communities. T or F

Answers

Answer: True it is necessary

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Which type of mutation results in a frame shift mutation? Check all that apply? Substitute Insertion Deletion Point mutation

Answers

Answer: Insertion, Deletion

Explanation:

The frameshift mutation can be defined as a genetic mutation that is caused by the deletion or insertion of the DNA sequence or base pairs that shifts the sequence to be read. As a result of this the abnormal proteins are produced along with incorrect amino acid sequence that either shorter or longer than the normal protein.

If the Hemoccult test result is negative, no further testing is done. If the Hemoccult test result is positive, the individual will have a second stool sample tested with the Hemoccult II test. If this second sample also tests positive for blood, the individual will be referred for more extensive evaluation. What is the effect on net sensitivity and net specificity of this method of screening

Answers

Answer:

Hemoccult test sensitivity is 89.3% and specificity is 92.7%

Explanation:

Hemoccult test is a test that is carried out in order to find out the presence of occult blood in your stool. This method is used to detect colorectal cancer in your body. Blue color of the blood indicate that the test is positive while the green color represents that the test is negative. Test sensitivity is the ability of a test which identify the person who is affected with the disease i. e. true positive, whereas test specificity is the ability of the test to correctly identify the patient without the disease. The value of sensitivity of the Hemoccult test is 89.3% the specificity is 92.7%, and the positive predictive value is 2.5%.

Why would damage to the nervous tissue in the spinal cord lead to paralysis?
Damage results in the loss of signals to muscles to produce movement.
Damage results in the inability of the body to differentiate between voluntary and involuntary movement.
Damage results in the inability of the body to produce connective tissue to support movement.
Damage results in the decreased production of actin and myosin for contraction

Answers

Answer:

B. Damage results in the inability of the body to differentiate between voluntary and involuntary movement

Explanation:

Answer:

b

Explanation:

when the community climax in an ecosystem has only a single type of climax, the development of the climax community is controlled by ___ of that region.

a) the climate
b) the life forms
c) the soil texture
d) the pioneer community

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

because the climax community is composed of species beat adopted to average conditions in that area

When the community climax in an ecosystem has only a single type of climax, the development of the climax community is controlled by the climate of that region. Option A is correct.

The climate of a region is the most important factor that controls the development of a climax community. The climate determines the temperature, precipitation, and other abiotic factors that influence the growth and survival of plants and animals.

In a region with a single type of climax community, the climate is relatively uniform and there is little variation in the abiotic factors. This means that the same species of plants and animals will be able to survive and thrive in the region, regardless of the specific location. The life forms, soil texture, and pioneer community can all influence the development of a climax community, but they are not as important as the climate. Option A is correct.

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Which group of algae is the most closely related to vascular plant, what scientific evidence can be used to support your answer

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The green algae lineages hypothesized to be most closely related to land plants include: Coleochaetophyceae (coleochaetes). Charophyceae (stoneworts).well  lack  of vascular tissue—specialized groups of cells that conduct of  water or dissolved nutrients throughout the plants body.(i guess this the scientific evidenxe if not comment ill provide more information)

hope it helps


Please describe the regulation of the blood glucose 6 hours after a meal?
Please include all relevant organs, hormones, and actions.

Answers

Answer:

Find the description below in the explanation section

Explanation:

The body system regulates the blood sugar level via the hand-in-hand working of insulin and glucagon hormones, both produced by the Pancreas. After a meal, the food undergoes digestion and is broken down into glucose, which is absorbed into the bloodstream. Insulin hormone is released by the pancreas (stimulated by a negative feedback) when the sugar level of the blood increases. This secretion of insulin causes cells to absorb glucose as source of energy, while liver and muscle cells store some of the excess blood glucose as GLYCOGEN.

However, after about 6 hours of taking the meal, the blood sugar (glucose) level must have decreased. This triggers the secretion of Glucagon hormone by the Pancreas. Glucagon hormone, acts in an opposite manner as Insulin hormone, by causing the stored GLYCOGEN in the liver and muscle cells to be converted back to Glucose in order for cells to make use of it.

This continuous process occurs and it is how the body regulates the blood glucose levels.

The function of the plasma membrane is....

Answers

Answer:

to protect the cell from it's surroundings

Explanation:

the plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and regulates the movement of substances in and out of cells

Explanation:

The primary function of the plasma membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings.

Sorry if the ans is wrong

Macromolecules in the cell can often interact transiently as a result of noncovalent interactions. These weak interactions also produce stable, highly specific interactions between molecules. Which of the factors below is the most significant in determining whether the interaction will be transient or stable?
a) the size of each molecule
b) the number of chemical bonds between the molecules
c) the concentration of each molecule
d) rate of synthesis

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is option b) "the number of chemical bonds between the molecules".

Explanation:

Chemical bonds are the forces that enable the formation of compounds. The number of chemical bonds is a determining factor to know if an interaction will be transient of stable. The more chemical bonds the more stable an interaction will be. Few chemical bonds between molecules makes an interaction unstable and easy to break, enabling transient interactions that are key to certain biological pathways.

Biochemical changes in the body, that affect the rate of metabolism and elimination of a substance from the body and produce increased amounts to achieve the desired effects, may lead to development of

Answers

Answer:

Tolerance

Explanation:

Tolerance is the capacity of an organism to survive changes in certain environmental and biochemical conditions. It has to with changes an organism is able to withstand when is subjected to certain factors which can biotic or abiotic.

For example, in the consumption of alcohol, tolerance can occur when there is a fast elimination of alcohol from the body system. This is usually as a result of the activation of a group of enzymes that is responsible for the metabolism of alcohol in excessive alcohol drinkers. The activation of this enzymes increases the catabolism of alcohol and hence reduces the active time within the body, hence reducing the time by which alcohol intoxicates.

-Lab-
"Why are cells so small"​

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Because we need a lot of cells and if they were big only a small about would fit.

The women has had two miscarriages. What is the chance that she could have a normal child? a. The chance of a normal child is approximately one in four; however, all of the normal children will be translocation carriers.b. The chance of a normal child is approximately one in two; however, all of the normal children will be translocation carriers.c. The chance of a normal child is approximately one in four; however, half of the normal children will be translocation carriers.d. The chance of a normal child is approximately one in two; however, half of the normal children will be translocation carriers

Answers

Dududjdudbdudjdbbrud

What do eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not?

Answers

There are several differences between the two, but the biggest distinction between them is that eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus containing the cell's genetic material, while prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus and have free-floating genetic material instead.

dependent and independent variable hi guys please help me i want an example of indepent and depent variable for ech variable example Note : please in science not in math in science Gratefully , Brainly Sthay home and keep safe

Answers

Answer:

The quantities between which a graph is plotted are called variables.The independent variables are those which do not depend on other quanitity for example time.The dependents variables are those which depend on other quantity for example velocity,acceleration,speed,momentum etc.

Answer:

It is B,D,E

(✿◠‿◠)

Why are enzymes important to cells? Why does an egg change color and texture when heated?

Answers

When you boil an egg, it goes from liquid to solid because the heat breaks and reconfigures the hydrogen bonds between amino-acids in the egg proteins. You permanently change the shape of the proteins, and so permanently change their qualities (in this case, texture).

Each of two parents has the genotype brown divided by red​, which consists of the pair of alleles that determine hair color​, and each parent contributes one of those alleles to a child. Assume that if the child has at least one brown ​allele, that color will dominate and the​ child's hair color will be brown. a. List the different possible outcomes. Assume that these outcomes are equally likely. b. What is the probability that a child of these parents will have the red divided by red ​genotype? c. What is the probability that the child will have brown hair color​?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

From the given information:

Each of two parents has the genotype brown divided by red​

So ;

The man's genotype is : [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}[/tex]

The woman's genotype is : [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}[/tex]

This [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}[/tex] genotype consist of the pair of alleles that determine hair color​

Now; we are given an assumption that:

if the child has at least one brown ​allele, that color will dominate and the​ child's hair color will be brown.

i.e Brown allele is dominant to Red allele

(a) List the different possible outcomes.

The cross between :

[tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}* \mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}}}[/tex] will produce the following offsprings which is the different possible outcomes.

[tex]= \mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Brown} \ \ : \ \ \mathbf {\dfrac{Brown}{Red}} \ \ : \ \ \mathbf {\dfrac{Red}{Brown}} \ \ : \ \ \mathbf {\dfrac{Red}{Red} }}[/tex]

(b) . What is the probability that a child of these parents will have the red divided by red ​genotype?

The probability that the child of  these parents will have [tex]\mathbf {\dfrac{Red}{Red} }}[/tex] is one out of four

i.e

= 1/4

= 0.25

(c) What is the probability that the child will have brown hair color​.

We are being told that;  if the child has at least one brown ​allele, that color will dominate and the​ child's hair color will be brown.

i.e Brown allele is dominant to Red allele

Thus; from above we will see that three of the offsprings have at least one brown allele;

Thus; the probability  that the child will have brown hair color​ is = 3/4

= 0.75

In a songbird species, defending a territory saved the bird 584 calories a day in reduced foraging activity, but cost the bird 656 calories in defense of the territory. Is defending the territory consistent with the prediction from optimal foraging theory, and what can explain this

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is "No, this is not consistent with the predictions on optimality".

Explanation:

The optimal foraging theory (OFT) establishes that an organism looks for the best foraging strategy, which involves maximizing the amount of energy that is available in its daily activities. In this case, the songbird species is not consistent with the predictions on optimality since it needs more calories than it intakes in order to defend its territory. In this scenario, the songbird will lose 72 calories per day.

many people try to eliminate fat from their diet

Answers

Answer:

yes they do

Explanation:

they do because they don't want to be big chungus anymore, they want to be a skinny queen

Colistin is an antibiotic used to treat infections in the bloodstream. Some bacteria are resistant to Colistin. Explain how these bacteria have become resistant to Colistin.

Answers

Answer:

They have adapted to it

Explanation:

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