You are describing the solar nebula theory to a friend. You point out that it provides an explanation for the regular motion in our solar system, the division of the planets into terrestrial and jovian types, and an explanation for the origin and nature of comets and asteroids. Your friend agrees that this is all very nice, but that it seems that the solar nebula theory fails the basic criteria for a scientific theory, to make predictions about the natural world that can be observationally tested. In her opinion, all the solar nebula theory does is explain known facts, albeit in a compelling and economical way. How would you answer your friend and make the case that the solar nebula theory is indeed a scientific theory that has passed many observational tests?

To draw a typical set of U-shaped, short-run average cost curves, start with a graph that has a vertical axis for Cost (C) and a horizontal axis for Quantity (Q).

Then, draw the Average Total Cost (ATC) curve by plotting the points that represent the average total cost of producing various levels of output.

Next, draw the Average Variable Cost (AVC) curve by plotting the points that represent the average variable cost of producing various levels of output. Finally, draw the Marginal Cost (MC) curve by plotting the points that represent the marginal cost of producing additional units of output.

Note that both the ATC and AVC curves will be U-shaped and will have the same shape, however, the ATC curve will always be higher than the AVC curve since it includes fixed costs.

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The total surplus created in a perfectly competitive market is 5Q. The total surplus created by the monopolist is equal to the difference between the total revenue and total cost.

Total revenue is equal to the demand times the quantity, which in this case is (20-Q) * Q = 20Q - Q2. Total cost is equal to the marginal cost times the quantity, which is 15Q. Therefore, the total surplus created is 20Q - Q2 - 15Q = 5Q - Q2.

If the monopolist operated as if it were a perfectly competitive firm, the total surplus would be equal to the consumer surplus plus the producer surplus. In a perfectly competitive market, price is equal to marginal cost, so the price would be 15 in this case. The consumer surplus would be the area between the demand curve and the price (15), so it is equal to (20 - 15) * Q = 5Q. The producer surplus would be the area between the price (15) and the marginal cost (15), so it is equal to 0. Therefore, the total surplus created in a perfectly competitive market is 5Q.

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The change in Jayson's consumer surplus is $17.63 (nearest penny).

Given the inverse demand function for chain, measured in feet (can be irrational) p(q)=64/q2. The price per foot of chain fell from $6.25 to $4. The change in Jayson's consumer surplus is $ (Round to nearest penny. Do not include dollar sign in your answer).

So, we are to find the change in Jayson's consumer surplus.Given inverse demand function for chain: `p(q) = 64/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]2`.Now, consumer surplus, `CS = ∫[0, q] (p(q) - a) dq`, where a = price per foot of chain, q = quantity of chain demanded.

Putting the given values of price per foot of chain: $6.25, $4 into the demand function we have `p( q) = 64/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]2`.Consumer surplus before the change in the price of the chain: `CS1 = ∫[0, q] (64/q^2 - 6.25) dq`Consumer surplus after the change in the price of the chain: `CS2 = ∫[0, q] (64/q^2 - 4) dq`

Now, to find the change in Jayson's consumer surplus, we will subtract CS1 from CS2.`CS2 - CS1 = ∫[0, q] (64/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]2 - 4) dq - ∫[0, q] (64/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]2 - 6.25) dq`On simplification, we get:`CS2 - CS1 = (64 ln(q))/q|0,q - 4q|0,q`Since q > 0, we can substitute the value of q and solve the expression.`CS2 - CS1 = (64 ln(q))/q - 4q = 4(16/q - q)`

The demand function is p(q) = 64/q^2; therefore, p'(q) = -128/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]3`The elasticity of demand `ε = p'(q) * q/p(q) = -128/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]3 * q/(64/q[tex]x^{2}[/tex]2) = -2`Now, `Δa/a = -ε * Δp/p = -(-2) * (4 - 6.25)/6.25`Here, Δp = 4 - 6.25 = -2.25 and a = 6.25. Substituting these values, we get:Δa/a = -(-2) * (-2.25)/6.25 = 0.72.

Consumer surplus after the change in price: `CS2 = (16/2) (ln 2 + 1) = 16(ln 2 + 1)`Consumer surplus before the change in price: `CS1 = (16/2) (ln 1 + 1) = 8`Thus, the change in Jayson's consumer surplus is:`CS2 - CS1 = 16(ln 2 + 1) - 8 = 16 ln 2 + 8`.

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Yes, the company would commit Tortious Interference with a Contract because it would be inducing the customer to breach their existing contract with the other phone service provider, which is a violation of the provider's contractual rights.

Tortious Interference with a Contract is a civil wrong where a third party intentionally induces a contracting party to breach its agreement with another party, causing damages. In this case, the company advertising to pay any termination fees is inducing the customer to breach their existing contract with the other phone service provider, which is a violation of the provider's contractual rights. Therefore, the company would be liable for tortious interference with a contract.

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The demand schedule is not included in the question. Hence, the question cannot be answered directly. However, the steps to draw a demand curve from the accompanying demand schedule are given below.

Steps to draw a demand curve:

1. Identify the price and quantity demanded pairs from the demand schedule.
2. Plot the price on the vertical axis and the quantity demanded on the horizontal axis.
3. Mark the price-quantity pairs on the graph and connect them to form a smooth curve.

Now let's understand the types of elasticity of demand and how to find them:

Elastic demand: The demand is said to be elastic when a small change in price causes a larger change in the quantity demanded. The elasticity of demand is greater than 1.

Inelastic demand: The demand is said to be inelastic when a large change in price causes a small change in the quantity demanded. The elasticity of demand is less than 1.

Unit elastic demand: The demand is said to be unit elastic when a change in price causes an equal proportional change in quantity demanded. The elasticity of demand is equal to 1.

The mid-point method can be used to find the types of elasticity of demand. It is a formula that helps in calculating the elasticity of demand when the price and quantity demanded are given.

The mid-point method formula is given as follows:

Elasticity of demand = (Q2 - Q1) / [(Q2 + Q1) / 2] / (P2 - P1) / [(P2 + P1) / 2]

If the elasticity of demand is greater than 1, the demand is elastic. If the elasticity of demand is less than 1, the demand is inelastic. If the elasticity of demand is equal to 1, the demand is unit elastic.

Firms are interested in the type of elasticity of demand because it helps them determine the price and quantity demanded relationship. If the demand is elastic, they have to be careful while increasing the price because it might result in a decrease in revenue due to the decrease in quantity demanded. If the demand is inelastic, they can increase the price as the change in quantity demanded is not significant.

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Hootsuite would produce a video that celebrates Herschel's company and barely mentions Hootsuite to build brand partnerships and increase reach. The answer to the question is: To build brand partnerships and increase reach.

A brand partnership is an agreement between two or more businesses to combine resources and share revenue. The partnership might be for a product, a service, an event, or a marketing campaign. Each brand must have a solid brand identity and reputation to be successful in the collaboration.

The reasons for producing a video that celebrates Herschel's company and barely mentions Hootsuite include: To reach a broader audience: Herschel has a well-established following, and Hootsuite can benefit from it. By partnering with Herschel, Hootsuite can expand its reach to a new audience.

To build brand partnerships: Herschel is a successful brand, and the partnership can add value to both companies. Herschel could leverage Hootsuite's digital expertise, while Hootsuite could benefit from Herschel's aesthetic expertise.

To add credibility to the partnership: Herschel's reputation and Hootsuite's digital expertise are combined in this partnership. This video showcases the shared values and helps add credibility to the partnership. To create a buzz: The video was created to create a buzz and engage the target audience.

Creating a video that celebrates Herschel's company helps to create a buzz and generate engagement and interest from both audiences.

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The major social, political, economic, environmental, and technical barriers for national clean energy standards are as follows:

Lack of awareness, knowledge, and understanding of the importance of clean energy and its potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. People may not understand the urgency of the problem and how it affects their daily lives, making them less likely to support policy change.

Political polarization and competing interests, particularly in the US, make it difficult to create consensus around energy policy. Fossil fuel industries have a lot of political clout, making it difficult to create policy that is not influenced by their interests.

The cost of transitioning to clean energy is a significant barrier. It requires a significant investment of capital to build new infrastructure and to transition from fossil fuel-based power to clean energy.

The development of new technology is required for the transition to clean energy. The technology needed to store and distribute renewable energy is still being developed and requires significant investment.

Fossil fuel extraction and use have negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution, habitat destruction, and greenhouse gas emissions. The effects of climate change, including more frequent and severe weather events, threaten to exacerbate these impacts.

Creating national clean energy standards requires a concerted effort to address all of these barriers, through policy and investment in research and development of new technology.

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All students can gain the understanding and abilities they require to become engaged and successful members of society through the use of an equitable educational system.

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Firm 1 will produce 45 units, Firm 2 will produce 45 units and Firm 3 will produce 45 units.

Firm 1: The output level that will maximize the profit is the one that produces the highest difference between revenue and cost. This can be calculated by taking the derivative of the revenue and cost functions and equating them to zero. Doing this, we get:

Revenue: R'(q) = 180 - 4q = 0 => q = 45

Cost: C'(q) = 40 = 0 => q = 0

Therefore, Firm 1 will produce 45 units.

Firm 2: The output level that will maximize the revenue is the one that produces the highest value of revenue. This can be calculated by taking the derivative of the revenue function and equating it to zero. Doing this, we get:

R'(q) = 180 - 4q = 0 => q = 45

Therefore, Firm 2 will produce 45 units.

Firm 3: The output level that will maximize the employment, L, subject to the constraint that revenue must not be negative is the one that produces the highest value of employment. This can be calculated by taking the derivative of the revenue and cost functions and equating them to zero. Doing this, we get:

Revenue: R'(q) = 180 - 4q = 0 => q = 45

Cost: C'(q) = 40 = 0 => q = 0

Therefore, Firm 3 will produce 45 units.

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"Workplace safety laws are common in developed countries because policy makers believe that labor markets are not perfectly competitive and so firms may not provide the optimal level of safety." Option D is correct.

Developed countries recognize the importance of workplace safety regulations to ensure that workers are not exposed to unnecessary risks. In a competitive labor market, employers may prioritize cost-cutting measures over safety, resulting in unsafe working conditions.

Policy makers believe that safety regulations can provide incentives for firms to prioritize worker safety and prevent workplace accidents. Therefore, developed countries have implemented workplace safety laws to ensure that employers maintain safe working conditions, protecting the well-being of their employees.

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The effective interest rate paid by the engineer for the loan is 17.09%.

To calculate the effective interest rate paid by the engineer for the loan, we need to take into account the interest rate on the loan, the loan-default insurance cost, and the loan setup fee.

The interest on the loan for one year is calculated as follows:

interest = principal * rate

interest = $27,500 * 11%

interest = $3,025

The cost of loan-default insurance is 5% of the loan amount:

insurance_cost = principal * insurance_rate

insurance_cost = $27,500 * 5%

insurance_cost = $1,375

The loan setup fee is $300.

To calculate the total cost of the loan, we add up the interest, insurance cost, and loan setup fee:

total_cost = interest + insurance_cost + loan_setup_fee

total_cost = $3,025 + $1,375 + $300

total_cost = $4,700

The effective interest rate paid by the engineer can be calculated using the following formula:

effective_rate = total_cost / principal

effective_rate = $4,700 / $27,500

effective_rate = 0.1709 or 17.09%

Therefore, the effective interest rate paid by the engineer for the loan is 17.09%.

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If the government's goal is to increase the tax revenue from an existing tax on a particular good by increasing the tax rate itself, the demand elasticities have to be inelastic in nature. Alternative c. is correct.

When demand for a product is inelastic, the consumers are not too concerned about the change in price, and the quantity of product demanded remains relatively constant or slightly changes when the price of the product changes.

Therefore, if the government increases tax revenue from a specific good by increasing the tax rate itself, the particular good's demand elasticities must be inelastic in nature.

In conclusion, alternative c. Demand elasticities have to be inelastic in nature is correct.

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Globalization has had a profound effect on the U.S. economy.Three fundamental contributors to the effects of globalization are increased international trade, investment flows, and advances in technology.

Globalization has revolutionized the economy of the United States. The following are the ways globalization has transformed the U.S. economy:Globalization has had a significant impact on the U.S. economy. The three fundamental contributors to the effects of globalization are technology, free trade, and outsourcing.

The winners of globalization in the U.S. economy are big corporations, investors, and skilled workers. In contrast, the losers of globalization are low-skilled workers, small businesses, and unskilled workers. Some of the ways globalization has affected the U.S. economy are listed below:

1. Increase in employment opportunities: Globalization has created numerous job opportunities in the U.S. economy. The increase in employment opportunities is mainly due to the growth of international trade.

2. Increase in consumer options: Consumers in the U.S. economy have a wide range of products and services to choose from due to globalization.

3. Increased competition: Globalization has increased competition in the U.S. economy. The competition has resulted in increased efficiency and productivity, which has led to lower prices for consumers.However, globalization has had both positive and negative effects on the U.S. economy.

The U.S. consumer has benefited from globalization by having access to a wider range of goods and services at lower prices. However, low-skilled workers in the U.S. economy have lost jobs due to outsourcing. In conclusion, globalization has had a significant impact on the U.S. economy. Its effects are mixed, with some winners and losers.

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According to the research on persuasion, senior psychology majors who listened to a speaker promoting funding a cutting-edge neuroscience lab that would be available for student use within the next five years would be most influenced by: expert authority.

Persuasion is an attempt to convince others to accept or agree with one's ideas or values. This includes appeals that are both overt and subtle, as well as rational and emotional appeals. Persuasion may also include attempts to change attitudes or beliefs that are deeply ingrained in a person's psychological makeup. Furthermore, it can be used to encourage or discourage specific actions by others.

The theory of expert authority proposes that people are more likely to be influenced by individuals who have greater knowledge or expertise in a given field. As a result, people will pay more attention to the information that these authorities provide and will be more likely to accept it as valid. Furthermore, research has found that expert authorities are more likely to persuade individuals who are less familiar with the topic at hand than those who are well-informed.

In conclusion, according to the research on persuasion, senior psychology majors who listened to a speaker promoting funding a cutting-edge neuroscience lab that would be available for student use within the next five years would be most influenced by expert authority.

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The correct options that are typical of the concrete operational stage, according to Piaget, are as follows;It involves logical reasoning and Abstract thinking is not yet developed.

The concrete operational stage occurs during the age of 7 to 12 years. In this stage, children have developed the ability to conserve (i.e. understand that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape), and decentration (i.e. consider multiple aspects of a situation). Moreover, the children also begin to understand the logic and organizing events in their mind in logical steps. As a result, they develop the ability to use logic and reasoning to solve problems.

However, children's thought process is still limited to concrete, real-life situations; thus, abstract thinking is still not developed. The children's thought process is still affected by their present experience or the sensory experience they had in the past; thus, their thinking is more centered on themselves and not egocentric.

Therefore, the typical of the concrete operational stage, according to Piaget, is that it involves logical reasoning, and abstract thinking is not yet developed.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Canada is smaller than India in terms of population and land area.

In terms of land area, Canada is the second-largest country in the world after Russia, with a total area of approximately 9.98 million square kilometers. In contrast, India has a total area of approximately 3.29 million square kilometers, making it significantly smaller than Canada.

In terms of population, India is much larger than Canada. As of 2021, India had an estimated population of over 1.39 billion people, making it the second-most populous country in the world after China. In contrast, Canada's population is around 38 million people.

Therefore, while Canada may be larger in terms of land area, India has a much larger population.

Answer:

O He was looking for new markets for Portuguese products.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Well, study island said so. However, we can also use the process of elimination:

-It cannot be C or D because we know that new crops would generally lead to better food sources, instead of introducing diseases.

-It cannot be A because the question says "WORLD" populations, not local populations.

Answer: because Korea helped China

Explanation:

because in the world war2 and 1

A claim or encumbrance known as a "cloud on title" affects a property's ownership and may deter potential buyers in the future. The status of Mario's title is considered to be "clouded" due to the broken chain of title. A clouded title is one that has an unclear or uncertain ownership history, which can create difficulties in transferring ownership of the property.

In Mario's case, the broken chain of title 50 years prior to the current date means that there is a gap in the ownership history, which can raise questions about who truly owns the property. This can make it difficult for Mario to sell or transfer ownership of the property without first resolving the issue and obtaining a clear title.

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Parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary governments are four different forms of government structures.

A parliamentary government is a system where the executive branch is led by a prime minister who is elected from the legislative branch. The prime minister is responsible to the parliament, and the parliament holds the power to remove them from the office.

In a federal government, power is shared between a central government and regional governments. The central government has specific powers, and the regional governments have their own powers. The United States, Canada, and Germany are examples of federal governments.

A confederal government is a union of sovereign states that come together to achieve common goals. In this system, the member states have more power than the central government, and the central government exists only to coordinate the efforts of the states. The European Union is an example of a confederal government.

In a unitary government, power is held by a single central government, which has the authority to create and enforce laws throughout the country. The United Kingdom and France are examples of unitary governments.

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Ramon has mastered the concept of transitivity, which is when a set of three items is given, if the first item is bigger than the second, and the second is bigger than the third, then the first item is also bigger than the third. This is also known as transitivity of order.

Additionally, the concept of reversibility of thought is when one can apply the same logic to a reversed situation. For example, if a is bigger than b, then b is also smaller than a. This is also known as reversibility of order. Lastly, seriation is the ability to arrange objects in a logical order based on size, weight, or other characteristics. In this case, Ramon has mastered these three concepts.

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Answer:

Nepal has been actively involved in United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions for several decades, contributing troops and police officers to various missions around the world. Nepal's participation in peacekeeping missions began in 1958 with the deployment of a small team of military observers to the UN Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO) in Palestine.

Since then, Nepal has contributed more than 130,000 peacekeepers to various UN missions, making it one of the largest contributors of troops to the UN. Nepalese peacekeepers have served in countries like Haiti, Liberia, Sudan, South Sudan, Ivory Coast, and many others.

Nepal's contributions to UN peacekeeping missions have been highly valued and appreciated by the international community. Nepalese peacekeepers have earned a reputation for their professionalism, discipline, and dedication to duty. They have played a crucial role in helping to maintain peace and stability in conflict-affected regions around the world.

In addition to contributing troops and police officers to UN peacekeeping missions, Nepal has also played an active role in promoting peace and stability in the South Asian region. As a member of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), Nepal has worked towards enhancing regional cooperation and addressing common challenges such as terrorism, poverty, and climate change.

Explanation:

A person who scores more highly in the intuition (N) than sensing (S) category on the Myers-Briggs test tends to rely more on their intuition (intuitive person).

They also tends to rely more on imagination, and abstract thinking than on direct sensory experiences and practical, tangible information.

People with a preference for intuition are more likely to focus on possibilities, patterns, and connections between things, rather than on facts, details, and concrete reality. They may be more interested in exploring abstract concepts and ideas, and may be more comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty than those who prefer sensing.

This preference can be helpful in fields that require creativity, innovation, and long-term planning, but may be less advantageous in situations that require a strong focus on concrete details and immediate action.

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There is a significant difference among the mean meal price for the three types of restaurants.

To test whether there is a significant difference among the mean meal price for the three types of restaurants using α = 0.05, we will use the ANOVA test.

The null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are given as follows:

H0: The means of meal prices of Italian, Seafood, and Steakhouse restaurants are equal.

H1: The means of meal prices of Italian, Seafood, and Steakhouse restaurants are not equal.

The ANOVA table is used to compute the test statistic and the p-value. We obtain the following ANOVA table:

Source of Variation SS df MS F P-value

Treatment 1256.708 2 628.354 4.2184 0.0288Error 6081.875 21 289.613Total 7338.583 23The test statistic is F = 4.2184, and the p-value is 0.0288.

Since the p-value of the test is less than the level of significance α = 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis.

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Highly invasive consumption behavior is when a consumer chooses to purchase or use products or services that create a distinct self-identity, such as brand name clothing or expensive cars.

Minimally invasive consumption behavior is when a consumer chooses to purchase or use products or services that don't create a distinct self-identity, such as generic items or thrift store purchases.

Invasive consumption behavior can lead to a shift in one's self-identity, while minimally invasive consumption behavior may have a minimal impact.

The following are examples of invasive and minimally invasive consumption behaviors:

Highly invasive consumption behavior: A highly invasive consumption behavior is purchasing luxury items. People who purchase luxury items, such as designer clothing, high-end cars, and expensive jewelry, do so to demonstrate their status and wealth. People who purchase luxury items often become emotionally attached to them and see them as a part of their identity.

Minimally invasive consumption behavior: A minimally invasive consumption behavior is purchasing environmentally friendly products. People who purchase environmentally friendly products do so to demonstrate their commitment to the environment. While this behavior is not typically seen as invasive, it can have a positive impact on one's self-identity.

By purchasing environmentally friendly products, individuals can feel as though they are doing their part to protect the planet.

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Each of these orientations plays an important role in the approach and practice of retailing, and successful retailers typically incorporate elements of all four orientations in their business strategy.

The four major orientations to the approach and practice of retailing, as described in Chapter 1 of the textbook, are:

1. product orientation: This approach focuses on the quality and variety of products that a retailer offers. Retailers with a product orientation aim to provide customers with a wide selection of high-quality products to choose from.

2. customer orientation: This approach focuses on understanding and meeting the needs and wants of customers. Retailers with a customer orientation aim to provide excellent customer service and to build long-term relationships with their customers.

3. The operations orientation: This approach focuses on the efficient and effective management of retail operations. Retailers with an operations orientation aim to reduce costs and increase efficiency in order to maximize profits.

4. The strategic orientation: This approach focuses on the long-term strategic planning and positioning of the retailer. Retailers with a strategic orientation aim to develop a competitive advantage and to adapt to changes in the market.
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The present value of the cash flows generated by the computer rental business is Php 230,048.26.

To determine whether the young graduate should invest in the computer rental business, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows generated by the business and compare it with the initial investment cost of Php 200,000.

First, let's calculate the annual cash flow generated by one computer:

The total annual cash flow generated by 10 computers would be:

Total annual cash flow = Php 6,400 x 10 = Php 64,000

Now, we need to calculate the present value of the cash flows for the study period of 5 years, with a minimum attractive rate of return (MARR) of 15% per year.

Using the formula for present value of an annuity, we get:

Present Value = Cash Flow x (1 - (1 + r)^-n) / r

Where:

Cash Flow = Php 64,000 (annual cash flow)

r = 15% (MARR)

n = 5 (study period)

Substituting the values, we get:

Present Value = Php 64,000 x (1 - (1 + 0.15)^-5) / 0.15

Present Value = Php 230,048.26

Therefore, the present value of the cash flows generated by the computer rental business is Php 230,048.26. Since this is higher than the initial investment cost of Php 200,000, the young graduate should invest in the business as it is expected to generate a positive return over the study period of 5 years.

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