We are given two ways of financing a spring break vacation. We have to find the lower rate among them. We have two options as follows:Putting it on a credit card, at 15% APR, compounded monthly Borrow the money from your parents, who want an interest payment of 8% every six months.the effective annual rate for the loan is 8.16%
Effective annual rate is the actual annual rate that includes the effects of compounding.The formula for effective annual rate is: Effective annual rate = (1 + (nominal rate / m))m – 1where m is the number of compounding periods in one year.Effective annual rate for the credit card=[tex](1 + (0.15 / 12))^12 - 1= 0.1557 or 15.57%[/tex](rounded to two decimal places)Effective annual rate for the loan from your parents= [tex]2(1 + 0.08 / 2)² - 1= 0.0816 or 8.16%[/tex] (rounded to two decimal places)The option with the lower effective annual rate is the loan from parents, as the effective annual rate for the loan is 8.16% and the effective annual rate for the credit card is 15.57%.Thus, the option with the lower effective annual rate is borrowing the money from your parents.
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A machine is purchased for $1000 and has a useful life of 12 years. At the end of 12 years, the salvage value is $130. By straight-line depreciation, what is the book value of the machine at the end of 8 years? $420 $290 $330 $580
Book value at the end of 8 years will be $476.64. Since none of the provided options match the calculated book value, the correct answer is not among the given options.
Straight-line depreciation evenly distributes the cost of an asset over its useful life. To find the book value of the machine at the end of 8 years, we need to determine the annual depreciation expense and subtract it from the initial cost.
The annual depreciation expense is calculated by dividing the difference between the initial cost and the salvage value by the useful life of the machine:
Depreciation expense = (Initial cost - Salvage value) / Useful life
In this case, the initial cost is $1000, the salvage value is $130, and the useful life is 12 years. Therefore, the annual depreciation expense is:
Depreciation expense = ($1000 - $130) / 12 = $785 / 12 = $65.42
To find the book value at the end of 8 years, we multiply the annual depreciation expense by the number of years:
Book value at the end of 8 years = Initial cost - (Depreciation expense * Number of years)
Book value at the end of 8 years = $1000 - ($65.42 * 8) = $1000 - $523.36 = $476.64
Since none of the provided options match the calculated book value, the correct answer is not among the given options.
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Santiago v. Phoenix Newspapers
Frank Frausto delivered newspapers for Phoenix Newspapers, Inc., under a renewable 6-month contract called a "Delivery Agent Agreement." The agreement identified Fausto as an independent contractor. Phoenix collected payments from customers and responded to customer complaints regarding delivery. Frausto was assigned the route for his deliveries and was required to deliver the papers within a certain time period each day. Frausto used his own vehicle to deliver the papers and had to provide proof of insurance to Phoenix. Phoenix provided Frausto with health insurance, but did not withhold taxes from his weekly income. One morning while delivering papers, Frausto collided with a motorcycle ridden by William Santiago. Santiago filed a negligence action against both Frausto and Phoenix. Phoenix argued that it had no liability for the accident because Frausto was an independent contractor, and therefore Phoenix was not the "master" and could not be called to account for the wrongs of its "servant" under the doctrine of respondeat superior.
Is Frausto an employee or independent contractor? In your initial post, identify the factors courts utilize to distinguish an employee from an independent contractor, and then analyze what facts here are determinative of Frausto's status. Your initial post should be 250-350 words in length. Then, respond to at least two other students in this thread, discussing further Frausto's status
According to the given scenario of the case Santiago v. Phoenix Newspapers, it is required to determine whether Frank Frausto was an employee or an independent contractor. There are several factors that the courts use to differentiate between an employee and an independent contractor.
The following are some of the factors ControlTest This test is used to determine whether the employer has control over the employee's work or not. It identifies the level of control an employer exercises over the employee's work schedule and methods used to complete the task.
If the employer has control over the employee, then the employee is an employee of the company.Economic Reality Test This test is used to determine whether the worker is economically dependent on the employer or not. It identifies how much the worker has invested in the job and how much he earns. If the worker is economically dependent on the employer, then the worker is an employee of the company.
Determination of Frausto's status: In the case of Frank Frausto, it can be concluded that he was an independent contractor of Phoenix Newspapers, Inc. The following are the facts that support this claim:The Delivery Agent Agreement identified Frank Frausto as an independent contractor.Frausto was assigned a route and a set amount of papers to deliver, but the agreement did not specify the time of delivery. The only requirement was that Frausto deliver the papers within a certain time period each day.Frausto used his own vehicle to deliver the papers.
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Which of the following is NOT a benefit that we attributed to indirect finance? O the possibility of large loan amounts O reduced asymmetric information problems less diversification lower transactions costs
Indirect finance is when a financial intermediary (such as a bank) collects funds from savers and then lends them to borrowers. The intermediary takes on the risk of lending, while the savers earn interest on their deposits. Indirect finance is thought to have several benefits, including the possibility of large loan amounts, reduced asymmetric information problems, and lower transactions costs.
However, one benefit that is NOT attributed to indirect finance is less diversification. Less diversification is not a benefit of indirect finance, but rather a potential disadvantage. When an intermediary collects funds from many savers and lends them to a small number of borrowers, this can create a concentration of risk.
If the borrowers default on their loans, the intermediary may face significant losses that are difficult to recover. This is why intermediaries must carefully manage their portfolios to avoid excessive concentration of risk.
Overall, indirect finance is an important part of the financial system and provides many benefits to savers, borrowers, and intermediaries alike. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks involved and to carefully manage these risks through proper diversification and risk management practices.
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A stock has had returns of 5 percent, 14 percent, −3 percent, and 4 percent over the last four years. What is the geometric average return over this period? 5.33\% 4.83% 7.67% 5.00% 5.00%
The geometric average return over the period is 4.83%.
The geometric average return is also referred to as the geometric mean. It is a statistical metric that calculates the average rate of return, which reduces the investment's variability over the entire period. When the period has just a few data points, the geometric mean is the most precise method of calculating the average return on an investment. The geometric mean is often used in finance because it produces a more comprehensive average return over time when compared to the arithmetic mean.
To calculate the geometric average return, use the following formula: ((1 + return1) x (1 + return2) x (1 + return3)…)^(1/n) – 1. Where “n” is the number of years (or periods) in the data set.The formula to calculate the geometric mean of the returns of a stock over a certain period is as follows:((1 + r1) (1 + r2) (1 + r3)…(1 + rn))1/n - 1, where n is the number of years.The geometric average return for the stock over the last four years can be calculated as follows:First, calculate the total return:5% + 14% - 3% + 4% = 20%
Then, find the geometric average:((1 + 0.05) × (1 + 0.14) × (1 − 0.03) × (1 + 0.04))^0.25 − 1=1.0483 - 1= 0.0483 = 4.83%
Therefore, the geometric average return over this period is 4.83%.
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QUESTION 9 The second step in the international expansion process followed by Delta Airlines strategists expanding service into Thailand was to examine the O Global value chain O Company value chain O company value system O global value system
The second step in the international expansion process followed by Delta Airline's strategists expanding service into Thailand was to examine the Global value chain. (Option A)
Examining the Global value chain involves understanding the various activities and processes involved in the production and delivery of goods or services on a global scale. In the context of Delta Airlines, this step would involve analyzing the different stages of the airline industry value chain in the international context, including sourcing of inputs, production, distribution, and customer service. It helps Delta Airlines identify opportunities for efficiency improvements, cost reductions, and value creation in their operations across borders.
By examining the Global value chain, Delta Airlines can gain insights into the specific requirements, challenges, and potential synergies associated with expanding its services into Thailand. This analysis allows them to develop strategies and make informed decisions regarding aspects such as supply chain management, partnerships, market entry strategies, and overall operational efficiency. It helps them align their resources, capabilities, and value proposition with the unique dynamics of the Thai market, ultimately increasing their chances of success in the international expansion endeavor. (Option A)
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16.(Capital asset
pricing
model) Anita, Inc. is
considering the following investments. The current rate on Treasury
bills is 6.5 percent, and the expected return for the market is
12.5 perc
The expected returns on investment A and investment B are 11.3% and 13.7%, respectively.
How to find?Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is a method that describes the relationship between risk and expected return and is used to determine the appropriate required return of an asset.
The CAPM is an important tool for investors since it helps them assess the risk of an investment in relation to the return they expect to receive.
The CAPM formula is as follows:
[tex]Ri = Rf + βi(Rm - Rf)[/tex]
Where,
Ri = required return on investment
iRf = risk-free rate of return
βi = beta coefficient of investment
iRm = expected return on the market
The expected return on each investment is calculated below:
Expected Return of Investment A:
The expected return on investment A is calculated using the CAPM formula. The risk-free rate is 6.5%, and the beta coefficient is 0.8. The expected return on the market is 12.5%.
[tex]Ri = Rf + βi(Rm - Rf)[/tex]
Ri = 6.5% + 0.8(12.5% - 6.5%)
Ri = 6.5% + 0.8(6%)
Ri = 6.5% + 4.8%
Ri = 11.3%.
Expected Return of Investment B:
The expected return on investment B is calculated using the CAPM formula. The risk-free rate is 6.5%, and the beta coefficient is 1.2. The expected return on the market is 12.5%.
[tex]Ri = Rf + βi(Rm - Rf)[/tex]
Ri = 6.5% + 1.2(12.5% - 6.5%)
Ri = 6.5% + 1.2(6%)
Ri = 6.5% + 7.2%
Ri = 13.7%.
Therefore, the expected returns on investment A and investment B are 11.3% and 13.7%, respectively.
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According to Kraljic's supply matrix, for bottleneck items, the supply strategy is to focus on longterm partnerships with suppliers. True False
According to Kraljic's supply matrix, for bottleneck items, the supply strategy is True.
The Kraljic supply matrix is a tool used to classify items in a company's supply chain according to their strategic importance and supply risk. The matrix has four quadrants:
Non-critical itemsLeverage itemsBottleneck itemsStrategic itemsBottleneck items are characterized by low impact on profitability but high supply risk. This means that they are not very important to the company's bottom line, but they are difficult to source. As a result, the supply strategy for bottleneck items should focus on long-term partnerships with suppliers. This will help to ensure that the company has a reliable source of supply for these items, even if there are disruptions in the market.
Here are some of the benefits of focusing on long-term partnerships with suppliers for bottleneck items:
Reduced risk of supply disruptions: By having a long-term relationship with a supplier, the company can reduce the risk of supply disruptions. This is because the supplier will be more likely to prioritize the company's needs and to work with the company to develop contingency plans in case of disruptions.
Improved communication: A long-term relationship with a supplier can also improve communication between the two parties. This can help to identify and resolve problems early on, which can prevent disruptions from occurring.
Increased flexibility: A long-term relationship with a supplier can also give the company more flexibility. This is because the supplier will be more likely to be willing to accommodate the company's changing needs.
Overall, focusing on long-term partnerships with suppliers for bottleneck items is a sound strategy for reducing risk and improving the supply chain.
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An investment offers $770 per year for 19 years, with the first
payment occurring 8 years from now. If the
required return is 10 percent, what is the value of the investment?
(HINT: Remember that when
The present value of an ordinary annuity of cash flows of the investment is found as $6,560.77.
The value of the investment, given that an investment offers $770 per year for 19 years, with the first payment occurring 8 years from now and the required return is 10 percent is $8,321.74.
Here's how you can calculate it:
To calculate the present value of an ordinary annuity of cash flows use this formula:
PV = C x (1 - (1 + r)^-n)/r
Where
PV = present value of an ordinary annuity of cash flows
C = amount of each annuity cash flow
n = number of periods in the annuity
r = interest rate per period
Given data are:
C = $770
n = 19 years (since the first payment will be made 8 years from now, we use n = 19 instead of 11)
r = 10%
To calculate PV, we substitute the given values into the formula:
PV = $770 x (1 - (1 + 0.10)^-19)/0.10
= $770 x (1 - 0.1314)/0.10
= $770 x 8.5349
= $6,560.77
Therefore, the value of the investment is $6,560.77.
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1. what is the market size and revenues of the top 5 companies in the global hotel industry?
2. barriers to enter the global hotel industry?
The market size and revenues of the top 5 companies in the global hotel industry vary depending on the specific companies and the time period in question. Barriers to enter the global hotel industry include high initial investment costs, competition from established hotel chains, government regulations and policies.
1. What is the market size and revenues of the top 5 companies in the global hotel industry?
The market size and revenues of the top 5 companies in the global hotel industry vary depending on the specific companies and the time period in question. It is difficult to provide exact figures without specific data. However, some of the largest companies in the industry include Marriott International, Hilton Worldwide Holdings, InterContinental Hotels Group, AccorHotels, and Wyndham Hotels & Resorts.
2. What are the barriers to enter the global hotel industry?
There are several barriers to enter the global hotel industry. These can include high initial investment costs, competition from established hotel chains, government regulations and policies, difficulty in acquiring suitable properties in prime locations, and the need for significant marketing and advertising efforts to establish a brand presence. Additionally, maintaining high service standards and ensuring customer satisfaction can also pose challenges for new entrants.
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Marty's Barber Shop has one barber. Customers have an arrival rate of 1.9 customers per hour, and haircuts are given with a service rate of 4.2 per hour. Use the Poisson arrivals and exponential service times model to answer the following questions. (Round your answers to four decimal places.) (a) What is the probability that no units are in the system? mache Mimi PROSIN Ingmalun
Marty's Barber Shop has one barber. Customers have an arrival rate of 1.9 customers per hour and haircuts are given with a service rate of 4.2 per hour.
To determine the probability that no units are in the system, we will use the Poisson arrivals and exponential service times model. The probability that no units are in the system (P0) is given as follows:
P0 = 1 - (λ/μ)Where λ is the arrival rate, and μ is the service rate. Substituting the given values:λ = 1.9 and μ = 4.2P0 = 1 - (1.9/4.2)P0 = 0.5476 (rounded to four decimal places).
Therefore, the probability that no units are in the system is 0.5476.
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Suppose the CPI in 2019 is 180 and the CPl in 2020 is 187.2. What is the inflation rate in 2020? The inflation rate in 2020 is ____ percent. ≫ Answer to 1 decimal place. The inflation rate in 2020 A. might be higher, lower, or the same as in 2019 B. is higher than in 2019 because the price level has increased C. is higher than in 2019 because the price level is greater than 100 D. is lower than in 2019 because the 2020 price level is less than twice the 2019 price level
Supposing the CPI in 2019 is 180 and the CPl in 2020 is 187.2, the inflation rate in 2020 is 4.0 hence option C) is higher than in 2019 because the price level is greater than 100 D is correct
Given that,
CPI in 2019 = 180 and CPI in 2020 = 187.2
To find: The inflation rate in 2020
We know that the inflation rate can be calculated using the formula given below;
Inflation rate = [(CPI in year 2 - CPI in year 1) / CPI in year 1] × 100
Substituting the values in the above formula,
Inflation rate = [(187.2 - 180) / 180] × 100
= 4.00%
Therefore, The inflation rate in 2020 is 4.0% (to one decimal place). Option (C) is correct
The inflation rate in 2020 is higher than in 2019 because the price level is greater than 100.
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1. Royal Lawncare Company produces and sells two packaged products—Weedban and Greengrow. Revenue and cost information relating to the products follow:
Product
Weedban Greengrow
Selling price per unit $ 11.00 $ 36.00
Variable expenses per unit $ 2.80 $ 11.00
Traceable fixed expenses per year $ 135,000 $ 38,000
Last year the company produced and sold 44,000 units of Weedban and 18,500 units of Greengrow. Its annual common fixed expenses are $113,000.
2.. Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing: Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead Variable selling and administrative Fixed costs per year: Fixed manufacturing overhead Fixed selling and administrative expenses Required: 1. Assume the company uses variable costing: a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2. During its first year of operations, Walsh produced 50,000 units and sold 40,000 units. During its second year of operations, it produced 40,000 units and sold 50,000 units. The selling price of the company's product is $54 per unit. Complete this question by entering your answers in the tabs below. Req 1A b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2. 2. Assume the company uses absorption costing: a. Compute the unit product cost for Year 1 and Year 2. b. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2. 3. Reconcile the difference between variable costing and absorption costing net operating income in Year 1. Req 18 Unit product cost Reg 2A Year 1 $ 23 $ 10 Req 28 Year 2 $5 $4 Req 3 $ 320,000 $ 100,000 Assume the company uses variable costing. Compute the unit product cost for year 1 and year 2. He Req 1A Req 18 Req 2A Net operating income (loss) Req 28 Req 3 Assume the company uses variable costing. Prepare an income statement for Year 1 and Year 2. Walsh Company Income Statement Year 1 Year 2
The contribution layout earnings announcement segmented by using product strains for Royal Lawncare Company's well-known shows that whilst the Weedban product line incurred an internet lack of $24,000, the Greengrow product line generated an internet profit of $42,000. The overall net earnings for the employer is $18,000.
Royal Lawncare Company Contribution Format Income Statement (Segmented by using Product Lines)
Product Line Weedban Greengrow Total
Units Sold 15,000 28,000
Selling Price according to Unit $6.00 $7.50
Sales Revenue $ninety,000 $210,000 $300,000
Variable Expenses according to Unit $2.40 $5.25
Variable Cost of Goods Sold $36,000 $147,000 $183,000
Contribution Margin $54,000 $63,000 $117,000
Traceable Fixed Expenses $45,000 $21,000
Common Fixed Expenses $33,000
Total Fixed Expenses $78,000 $21,000
Net Income ($24,000) $42,000 $18,000
Note: The contribution format earnings declaration separates prices into a variable and fixed additives. It gives a clear view of the profitability of every product line by deducting variable expenses from income revenue to achieve the contribution margin. Then, constant fees, both traceable and common, are subtracted to decide the net earnings for each product line.
In this case, Weedban incurred an internet loss of $24,000, at the same time as Greengrow generated a net profit of $42,000. The total net earnings for the employer is $18,000.
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The correct question is:
"Royal Lawncare Company produces and sells two packaged products: Weedban and Greengrow.
Revenue and cost information relating to the products follow:
Product
Weedban Greengrow
Selling price per unit $6.00 $7.50
Variable expenses per unit $2.40 $5.25
Traceable fixed expenses per year $45,000 $ 21.000
Common fixed expenses in the company total $33,000 annually.
Last year the company produced and sold 15,000 units of Weedban and 28,000 units of Greengrow.
Required:
Prepare a contribution format income statement segmented by product lines."
What is the most basic economic problem?
a. the theory of demand and supply
b. greed
c. economic growth
d. productivity
e. scarcity
f. profit
The most basic economic problem is scarcity. Scarcity refers to the condition in which resources are limited and unable to satisfy all human wants and needs. The correct option is e.
Scarcity is the fundamental challenge faced by individuals, societies, and economies. It stems from the fact that resources such as land, labor, capital, and time are finite, while human wants and needs are virtually unlimited.
This creates a situation where choices must be made about how to allocate these scarce resources to fulfill various competing needs and desires.
Due to scarcity, individuals and societies must make trade-offs and prioritize their needs and wants. It drives the necessity for economic decision-making, resource allocation, and the study of how individuals and societies manage limited resources to meet their unlimited wants and needs.
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Marge responded to Beverly's idea by saying, "That's a really
good idea, but it won't work in this situation." Marge's response
demonstrates
Multiple Choice
A. token appreciation.
B. sincere gratitude
The answer is A. token appreciation.
Marge's response demonstrates token appreciation because she acknowledges that Beverly's idea is good, but she then goes on to say that it won't work in this situation. This suggests that Marge is not really interested in Beverly's idea and is simply being polite.
If Marge were truly grateful for Beverly's idea, she would be more open to considering it and exploring how it could be used in this situation. She would also be more likely to offer specific feedback on why she doesn't think the idea will work.
Token appreciation is a common way of responding to ideas that we don't really agree with. It's a way of saying "thank you for sharing your idea, but I'm not interested" without being too blunt. However, token appreciation can be seen as dismissive and can discourage people from sharing their ideas in the future.
If you want to show genuine appreciation for someone's idea, take the time to consider it seriously and offer specific feedback. This will show the person that you value their input and that you're open to new ideas.
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Assume the spot Swiss franc is $0.7008 and the six-month forward rate is $0.6954. What is the minimum price that a six-month American call option with a striking price of $0.6804 should sell for in a rational market? Assume the annualized six-month Eurodollar rate is 3.5 percent. (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places.)
Minimum price of call option
I cents
The minimum price of an American call option with a striking price of $0.6804 is 2.30 cents.A call option is an alternative contract that allows a buyer the right to acquire a particular commodity at a predetermined price within a defined period.
The purchaser has the option but is not required to buy the underlying asset. European and American options are two types of call options that are used. The option buyer profits from a rise in the underlying asset price. It is not possible to sell an option without first owning it. If the market is rational, the six-month American call option with a striking price of $0.6804 should sell for a minimum price of $0.0230. The following calculations support this.
The cost of carry for the underlying asset (spot Swiss franc) is as follows:
R = 3.5 percent/2
= 0.035/2 is 0.0175 percent per 6 months.
Cost of carry = (S × R) × t
= (0.7008 × 0.0175) × 0.5 is 0.006129.
The theoretical price of a 6-month futures contract on the Swiss franc with a price of $0.6804 is:
F = S × e(r-q)t
= 0.7008 × e(0.0175−0.006129)0.5
= 0.6928
Minimum price of American call option
C = S × N(d1) − PV(K) × N(d2)
C = S × N(d1) − e-r×t × K × N(d2) where:N (.) is the normal cumulative distribution function.
d1 = (ln(S/K) + [r + σ²/2] × t)/[σ × √t]
= (ln(0.7008/0.6804) + [0.0175 + 0.1182] × 0.5)/[0.1182 × √0.5]
= 1.2469d2 = d1 − [σ × √t] = 1.2469 − (0.1182 × √0.5)
= 0.8933
C = 0.7008 × N(1.2469) − e-0.035 × 0.5 × 0.6804 × N(0.8933)
= $0.0477
The minimum price that a six-month American call option with a striking price of $0.6804 should sell for in a rational market is C - F + K × e-r×t is $0.0230.
Therefore, the minimum price of an American call option with a striking price of $0.6804 is 2.30 cents.I cents.
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How to answer this KSA
Ability to prepare forms, records, tables, and reports
The ability to prepare forms, records, tables, and reports requires a combination of skills and competencies. Here's a suggested approach to answering this KSA - Start with knowledge, Highlight relevant skills, Emphasize abilities.
1. Start with knowledge: Begin by discussing the knowledge required to prepare forms, records, tables, and reports. This may include knowledge of relevant software applications (such as Microsoft Excel, Word, or database management systems) and familiarity with specific industry or organizational standards for documentation and reporting.
Example: The ability to prepare forms, records, tables, and reports necessitates knowledge of various software applications, including proficiency in Microsoft Excel for creating and formatting tables, Microsoft Word for generating reports, and database management systems for organizing and retrieving data efficiently.
2. Highlight relevant skills: Identify and describe the specific skills necessary for preparing forms, records, tables, and reports. These skills may include data collection, organization, analysis, attention to detail, and proficiency in using software tools for data manipulation and presentation.
Example: Proficiency in data collection and organization is vital to gather relevant information and ensure its accuracy before preparing forms, records, tables, and reports. Strong analytical skills are required to interpret and analyze data effectively, identify trends or patterns, and present findings in a clear and concise manner. Attention to detail is crucial to avoid errors or inconsistencies in documentation.
3. Emphasize abilities: Discuss the abilities or competencies necessary to carry out the task of preparing forms, records, tables, and reports. These may include organizational skills, time management, problem-solving, and effective communication to gather required information, meet deadlines, address challenges, and present information accurately.
Example: The ability to prepare forms, records, tables, and reports requires strong organizational skills to gather and manage the necessary data efficiently. Effective time management is crucial to meet deadlines for report submission and ensure timely completion of documentation tasks. Problem-solving skills come into play when encountering challenges in data collection, analysis, or formatting, where the ability to find creative solutions is important.
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How much should you pay for a $1,000 bond with 12% coupon, annual payments, and 7 years to maturity if the interest rate is 12%? a. $927.90 b. $981.40 C. $1000 d. $1,097.37
The correct answer is d. $1,097.37.
The price of a bond can be calculated using the formula for the present value of future cash flows. In this case, the bond has a $1,000 face value, a 12% coupon rate, annual payments, and 7 years to maturity. The coupon payment can be calculated as 12% of $1,000, which is $120 per year.
To calculate the price of the bond, we need to discount the future cash flows (coupon payments and the face value) at the given interest rate of 12%. Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we can find that the present value of the coupon payments is approximately $729.69, and the present value of the face value is $367.68.
Adding these two present values together, we get a total price of approximately $1,097.37. Therefore, d. $1,097.37 is the amount you should pay for the bond.
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Present Value of an Annuity: Assume that you receive monthly lease payments from a commercial tenant of $2,500 per month for 60 months. What is the present value of those lease payments (annuity) assuming a 4.5% discount rate?
The present value of the lease payments (annuity) at a 4.5% discount rate is approximately $134,821.07.
To calculate the present value of an annuity, we can use the formula:
PV = Payment × [1 - (1 + [tex]r)^(-n)[/tex]] / r,
where PV is the present value of the annuity, Payment is the amount of each payment, r is the discount rate per period, and n is the total number of periods.
In this case, the monthly lease payment is $2,500, the discount rate per period is 4.5% / 12 = 0.375%, and the total number of periods is 60 (since it's a monthly lease for 60 months).
Plugging these values into the formula, we can calculate the present value of the lease payments:
PV = $2,500 × [1 - (1 + [tex]0.00375)^(-60)[/tex]] / 0.00375.
Using a calculator, we find that the present value of the lease payments is approximately $134,821.07.
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HawkEye Sports Ltd. sponsors a defined benefit plan for its employees. They have 200 employees, 25 of whom are excludable. 30 of the non-excludable employees are HC, and the remaining 145 are NHC employees. 15 of the HC employees are covered under the defined benefit plan, and 115 of the NHC employees are covered under the defined benefit plan. The average benefit percentage for the HC is 18 percent, and the average benefit percentage for the NHC is 9.5 percent.
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Does this defined benefit plan pass the general safe harbor test?
Based on the given information, the defined benefit plan does not pass the general safe harbor test.
To determine whether the defined benefit plan passes the general safe harbor test, we need to compare the average benefit percentage for the highly compensated (HC) employees to the average benefit percentage for the non-highly compensated (NHC) employees.
According to the given information:
Total employees: 200
Excludable employees: 25
Non-excludable employees: 200 - 25 = 175
HC employees: 30
NHC employees: 175 - 30 = 145
HC employees covered under the defined benefit plan: 15
NHC employees covered under the defined benefit plan: 115
Average benefit percentage for HC: 18%
Average benefit percentage for NHC: 9.5%
To determine if the plan passes the general safe harbor test, the ratio of the average benefit percentage for HC employees to the average benefit percentage for NHC employees should not exceed the safe harbor threshold.
Calculating the ratio:
Ratio = (Average benefit percentage for HC) / (Average benefit percentage for NHC)
Ratio = 18% / 9.5%
Ratio ≈ 1.89
The safe harbor threshold for the general safe harbor test is typically 1.25. If the ratio exceeds 1.25, the plan would not pass the test.
In this case, since the ratio is approximately 1.89, which is higher than 1.25, the defined benefit plan does not pass the general safe harbor test.
Therefore, based on the given information, the defined benefit plan does not pass the general safe harbor test.
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during its first five years of operations, white consulting reports net income and pays dividends as follows. required: calculate the balance of retained earnings at the end of each year. note that retained earnings will always equal $0 at the beginning of year 1. chegg
The balance at the end of Year 4 becomes the beginning balance for Year 5
To calculate the balance of retained earnings at the end of each year, we need to consider the net income and dividends paid during each year.
Year 1: Since the retained earnings begin at $0, the balance at the end of Year 1 will be the net income minus the dividends paid.
Year 2: The balance at the end of Year 1 becomes the beginning balance for Year 2. To calculate the balance at the end of Year 2, add the net income to the beginning balance and subtract the dividends paid.
Year 3: Similarly, the balance at the end of Year 2 becomes the beginning balance for Year 3. Add the net income to the beginning balance and subtract the dividends paid to find the balance at the end of Year 3.
Year 4: Repeat the same process. The balance at the end of Year 3 becomes the beginning balance for Year 4. Add the net income and subtract the dividends paid to find the balance at the end of Year 4.
Year 5: Finally, the balance at the end of Year 4 becomes the beginning balance for Year 5. Add the net income and subtract the dividends paid to find the balance at the end of Year 5.
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A Ceramic Compay, KERAMIKU, produces two types of ceramic, Rough Ceramic and Smooth Ceramic. The Production Manager has been successful in formưlating a model to maximize profit to produce both types of ceramic. The model is given as follows: K=25A 1−0.8A 12+30A2 −1.2A 2 Producing Rough Ceramic and Smooth Ceramic requires 1 and 2 labor hours respectively and the total labor hour available per day is 40 hours 1. Using Lagrange Multipliers Method, determine the number of Rough Ceramic and Smooth Ceramic to produce in order to maximize the profit! What is the total profit? 2. Use solver to find the solution 3. What is the meaning of Lagrange Multiplier value that is obtained in point (a)?
1. The number of Rough Ceramic and Smooth Ceramic to be produced in order to maximize the profits is 0.5 units of Rough Ceramic and 19.5 units of Smooth Ceramic to maximize profit. The total profit is $12.5.
2. To use the solver to find the solution, you can input the profit function and the constraint into a solver tool (such as Microsoft Excel Solver or any optimization software) to obtain the optimal values for A and B.
3. The Lagrange multiplier value obtained in point (a) (λ = 0.625) represents the marginal rate of substitution between the constraint (labor hours) and the objective function (profit).
To maximize the profit and determine the number of Rough Ceramic and Smooth Ceramic to produce, we can use the Lagrange Multipliers Method.
1. To find the number of each type of ceramic, we set up the following equations:
- Maximizing the profit: Maximize K = 25A(1 - 0.8A^2) + 30A^2 - 1.2A^2
- Subject to the constraint: 1A + 2B = 40 (where A represents Rough Ceramic and B represents Smooth Ceramic)
We introduce a Lagrange multiplier (λ) to solve this problem: L = K - λ(1A + 2B - 40)
Taking partial derivatives and setting them to zero, we get:
∂L/∂A = 0: 25 - 80A + 60A^2 - λ = 0
∂L/∂B = 0: -2λ = 0 (since there is no B term in K)
Solving these equations, we find A = 0.5 and λ = 0.625.
Therefore, we should produce 0.5 units of Rough Ceramic and 19.5 units of Smooth Ceramic to maximize profit.
To calculate the total profit, substitute the values back into the profit function:
K = 25(0.5)(1 - 0.8(0.5)^2) + 30(0.5)^2 - 1.2(0.5)^2 = $12.5
So, the total profit is $12.5.
2. Alternatively, we can use Solver, an optimization tool in software like Microsoft Excel, to find the solution numerically. By setting up the objective function and the constraints, we can let the Solver algorithm determine the optimal values of A and B that maximize the profit.
3. The Lagrange multiplier value obtained in point (a) (λ = 0.625) represents the rate at which the profit changes with respect to a unit increase in the constraint (labor hours available per day). It indicates the marginal value of an additional unit of labor hours in terms of profit.
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Joe's garage operates in a perfectly competitive market. at the point where marginal cost equals marginal revenue, atc = $20, avc = $15, and the price per unit is $10. in this situation?
In a perfectly competitive market where MC equals MR, Joe's garage should continue producing in the short run if MC is less than AVC. If the ATC is greater than the price per unit, Joe's garage may face losses in the long run and may need to make adjustments.
In a perfectly competitive market, Joe's garage is a price taker, meaning it has no control over the price and must accept the prevailing market price. Given that the price per unit is $10, Joe's garage should produce and sell units as long as the marginal cost (MC) equals or is less than the price.
In this situation, at the point where MC equals marginal revenue (MR), Joe's garage should continue producing and selling units because it is covering its variable costs and making a contribution towards its fixed costs.
To determine the level of output, we need to compare the MC with the average variable cost (AVC). If MC is less than AVC, it suggests that Joe's garage is covering its variable costs. In this case, the MC is less than the AVC, which is $15. Therefore, Joe's garage should continue producing in the short run.
However, it is essential to consider the average total cost (ATC) as well. If ATC is greater than the price per unit, it indicates that Joe's garage is making losses in the long run. In this situation, the ATC is $20, which is greater than the price of $10. This suggests that Joe's garage is incurring losses in the long run and may need to consider adjusting its operations or market strategy.
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Weekly economic/business event - You are required to read/watch/listen to economics/business news during the week, share the news with class. The news can be local, national or global prospective. - The context of your posting must demonstrate an understanding of related economic/business news and should reflect critical thought and your perspective about the news. Required minimum of 4 paragraph per topic. - Cite the source/website of the economic/business news. Summarized, paraphrased, and quote the source.
a) The characteristics of product quality for Walker's products that influence overall customer satisfaction can be understood through the dimensions of quality.
These dimensions include performance, features, reliability, conformance, durability, serviceability, aesthetics, and perceived quality. Customers expect products to perform well, have desirable features, be reliable, conform to specifications, be durable, and have good serviceability. Aesthetics and perceived quality also play a role in customer satisfaction. Meeting or exceeding customer expectations in these dimensions is crucial for maintaining customer satisfaction and loyalty.
It is important for direct production staff, as opposed to managers or engineers, to collect and analyze process data because they are directly involved in the manufacturing process. They have firsthand knowledge of the process variables and can quickly identify deviations or issues that may affect product quality. Involving direct production staff in data collection and analysis empowers them to take ownership of the quality of their work and enables them to make real-time adjustments to ensure consistent product quality.
c) The 'corrective' decision trees in controlling the manufacturing process serve the purpose of providing guidance to production technicians when process measurements fall outside the control limits. These decision trees outline steps or actions to be taken in response to specific situations, helping technicians identify the root cause of the deviation and take appropriate corrective measures. Decision trees provide a systematic approach to troubleshooting and problem-solving, ensuring consistent quality and minimizing production disruptions.
The major disadvantages of multiple layers of management in a business organization include increased bureaucracy, slower decision-making processes, communication challenges, and reduced employee autonomy. Multiple layers of management can lead to a hierarchical structure where decisions must go through multiple levels for approval, which can slow down responsiveness and hinder innovation. Communication may also be filtered or distorted as it moves through various layers. Additionally, employees may have limited autonomy and decision-making power, which can impact motivation and engagement.
Teamwork is typically more prevalent in organizations that have flat hierarchies. Flat hierarchies promote a collaborative and inclusive work environment where decision-making is decentralized, allowing teams to have greater autonomy and responsibility. In such organizations, teams are empowered to make decisions, collaborate across functions, and take ownership of their work. This fosters creativity, innovation, and agility, which are essential in today's rapidly changing business landscape.
The five stages of the life cycle of a team are forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. It is generally important for a team to pass through each of these stages to establish effective collaboration and achieve high performance. In the forming stage, team members come together, get acquainted, and establish initial goals and roles. In the storming stage, conflicts and disagreements may arise as team members navigate differences and establish their positions. In the norming stage, shared norms, values, and processes are developed, fostering cohesion and cooperation. In the performing stage, the team operates at its highest level, achieving goals and delivering results. Finally, in the adjourning stage, the team concludes its tasks and disbands.
Passing through each stage is important as it allows the team to build trust, establish effective communication, resolve conflicts, develop shared understanding and norms, and reach a state of high performance. Each stage contributes to the team's growth and development, ultimately leading to successful outcomes.
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A mutual fund pays 3.6% APR compounded monthly. How much money should I deposit in the account today if I want the balance of the account to be $8,000 in 10 years
you should deposit approximately $5,262.92 in the mutual fund today if you want the balance of the account to be $8,000 in 10 years.
To find out how much money you should deposit in the mutual fund today, you can use the formula for compound interest. The formula is:
A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt)
Where:
A = the final balance of the account
P = the principal amount (the initial deposit)
r = the annual interest rate (in decimal form)
n = the number of times interest is compounded per year
t = the number of years
In this case, you want the final balance (A) to be $8,000, the annual interest rate (r) is 3.6% (or 0.036 as a decimal), and the interest is compounded monthly, so n = 12. The number of years (t) is 10.
Let's plug in the values and solve for P:
$8,000 = P(1 + 0.036/12)^(12*10)
Simplifying the equation:
$8,000 = P(1.003)^120
Divide both sides by (1.003)^120:
P = $8,000 / (1.003)^120
Calculating this using a calculator or spreadsheet, you would find that P is approximately $5,262.92.
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Given the following:
• Stock equals 100
• Stock volatility of 40%
Debt maturity of 5 years
• Debt Face value of 150
• Risk-free rate of 3%
Use Merton's model to find the asset value and asset volatility?
What is the risk-neutral probability of default over the debt's maturity and the annualized default probability?
What is the market spread for the debt?
What is the implied Recovery Rate?
Merton's model is a structural model used to evaluate the risk of default of a business or company.
The Merton Model is utilized to determine the risk-neutral probability of default of a company or business with debt.
This model is based on the Black-Scholes model and is used to identify the value of a company's assets while taking into account its debt.
The formula for Merton's model is: = (1) − (2)
Where: V = the value of the assets S = the stock price N(d) = the cumulative normal distribution functiond1 = [ln(S/B) + (r + σ²/2)t]/σ√td2 = d1 - σ√t
Where :
r = the risk-free interest rateσ = the volatility of the underlying asset
B = the face value of debt
T = the time to maturity Asset value and
Asset Volatility:
The following data is given:
Stock price (S) = 100Stock volatility (σ) = 40%Risk-free rate (r) = 3�bt face value (B) = 150Debt maturity (T) = 5 years
The calculation of the asset value and asset volatility is shown below:1 = [ln(100/150) + (0.03 + (0.4²)/2)5]/(0.4√5) = -0.852 = -0.85 - 0.4√5 = -2.76 (1) = 0.1987 (2) = 0.0033 = 100 (0.1987) - 150 (0.0033) = $17.74 = 100(0.4)√0.1987 = 25.37%
Risk-neutral Probability of Default:
Based on the Merton model, the risk-neutral probability of default is calculated as follows: = (−2)Where:2 = -2.76 (-2) = 0.9974
Annualized Default Probability: The annualized default probability is determined using the following formula: = 1 − (1 − )^(1/)
Where: T = 5 years = 1 - (1 - 0.9974)^(1/5) = 19.20%
Market Spread: The market spread is the difference between the yield of a debt instrument and the risk-free rate.
Based on the provided data, the risk-free rate (r) is 3%.
Market Spread = (Coupon Payment - Risk-Free Rate) / (Debt Face Value)
If the coupon payment is not given, the market spread can be calculated as follows:
Market Spread = Yield - Risk-Free Rate Assuming that the yield of the debt instrument is 5%, the market spread is calculated as follows:
Market Spread = (5% - 3%) / $150 = 0.0133 or 1.33%
Implied Recovery Rate: The implied recovery rate is calculated using the following formula: = (1 − ) (/)
Where: = 0.9974 = $150 = $17.74 = (1 - 0.9974) (150/17.74) = 42.14%.
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When a small country imposes a tariff, the domestic price of the good increases. This causes a "production" and a "consumption" effect. Explain carefully these two effects and discuss whether they increase or decrease the country's well-being.
Tariffs lead to increased domestic output (production effect) and reduced consumption due to higher prices (consumption effect). Impact on well-being depends on these effects, demand elasticity, and production efficiency.
The production effect of a tariff arises because the higher domestic price makes it more profitable for domestic producers to expand their production. This leads to increased employment, output, and potentially improved domestic industries.
On the other hand, the consumption effect occurs when higher prices reduce the quantity of imports consumed by domestic consumers. This can result in decreased consumer surplus and limited access to imported goods.
The impact on a country's well-being depends on the trade-off between these effects. If the production effect outweighs the consumption effect, the country's well-being may increase due to increased domestic production and employment. However, if the consumption effect dominates, consumers may experience higher prices, reduced choices, and a decrease in overall well-being. Other factors such as the price elasticity of demand and the efficiency of domestic production also influence the final outcome.
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(Topic: WACC) Here is some information about Stokenchurch Inc.:
Beta of common stock = 0.3
Treasury bill rate = 0.25%
Market risk premium = 4.37%
Yield to maturity on long-term debt = 1.23%
Preferred stock price = $35
Preferred dividend = $3 per share
Book value of equity = $142 million
Market value of equity = $309 million
Long-term debt outstanding = $275 million
Shares of preferred stock outstanding = 3.4 million
Corporate tax rate = 21%
What is the company's WACC?
(Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)
Answer:
The company's WACC is 1.07%.
Explanation:
I calculate the cost of each type of financing as follows:
Cost of equity:
Re = Rf + beta * (Rm - Rf)
where Rf is the risk-free rate, Rm is the market return, and beta is the beta of the company's common stock.
Re = 0.0025 + 0.3 * 0.0437 = 0.01561 or 1.561%
Cost of debt:
Rd = YTM = 0.0123 or 1.23%
Cost of preferred stock:
Rp = Dp / Pp
where Dp is the preferred dividend and Pp is the preferred stock price.
Rp = 3/35 = 0.08571 or 8.571%
Next, we calculate the weights of each type of financing in the company's capital structure:
Weight of equity = market value of equity / (market value of equity + book value of debt + market value of preferred stock)
= $309 million / ($309 million + $275 million + $119 million)
= 0.4386
Weight of debt = book value of debt / (market value of equity + book value of debt + market value of preferred stock)
= $275 million / ($309 million + $275 million + $119 million)
= 0.3883
Weight of preferred stock = market value of preferred stock / (market value of equity + book value of debt + market value of preferred stock)
= $119 million / ($309 million + $275 million + $119 million)
= 0.1731
Finally, we can calculate the WACC as the weighted average of the cost of each type of financing:
WACC = (weight of equity * cost of equity) + (weight of debt * cost of debt) + (weight of preferred stock * cost of preferred stock) * (1 - corporate tax rate)
= (0.4386 * 0.01561) + (0.3883 * 0.0123) + (0.1731 * 0.08571) * (1 - 0.21)
= 0.0107 or 1.07%
Therefore, the company's WACC is 1.07%.
You Are Also Trying To Demonstrate The Value Of Compound Interest To A Client Who Is Just Starting To Save For Retirement. Build A Yearly Model Based On The Client Saving $5,000 Per Year And Earning 8% Per Year In Their Investment Portfolio. Investment Returns Are Earned On The Closing Balance From The Prior Year. What Is The Client’s Retirement Savings
The client's retirement savings, based on saving $5,000 per year and earning 8% per year with compound interest, will be approximately $384,255.33.
To calculate the client's retirement savings, we can use the formula for compound interest: A = P(1 + r/n)^(nt), where A is the final amount, P is the principal (initial investment), r is the interest rate, n is the number of times interest is compounded per year, and t is the number of years. In this case, the client saves $5,000 per year, so the principal (P) is $5,000. The interest rate (r) is 8%, which can be written as 0.08. Assuming interest is compounded annually (n = 1), and let's consider a retirement period of 30 years (t = 30).
Using the formula,
A = 5000(1 + 0.08/1)^(1*30), we can calculate the final amount:
A = 5000(1.08)^30
A ≈ $384,255.33
By saving $5,000 per year and earning an 8% annual return with compound interest, the client can accumulate approximately $384,255.33 for their retirement savings over a 30-year period.
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A firm is likely to operate in the short run, as long as the price is at least as great as: a. Average variable cost b. Marginal cost c. Average revenue d. Average fixed cost e. Average total cost
A firm is likely to operate in the short run, as long as the price is at least as great as the option A) average variable cost (AVC).
This is because the AVC is the minimum price that the firm must receive to cover its variable costs and continue operating in the short run.
In the short run, some inputs of the production process cannot be changed. For example, a company might have a fixed amount of equipment, buildings, or even workers in the short run. The short run can be defined as the period of time when at least one factor of production is fixed or unchangeable.
The average variable cost (AVC) is the variable cost per unit of output. It is calculated by dividing the total variable cost by the number of units produced. In other words, the AVC is the cost of producing one additional unit of output
The significance of the AVC is that it represents the minimum price that a firm must receive to cover its variable costs. If a firm can sell its products for a price higher than the AVC, it can cover all its variable costs and make a contribution towards its fixed costs. In other words, if a firm can sell its products for a price higher than the AVC, it is better off producing and selling the product than shutting down.
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Acort Industries owns assets that will have a(n) 70% probability of having a market value of $45 million in one year. There is a 30% chance that the assets will be worth only $15 million. The current risk-free rate is 6%, and Acort's assets have a cost of capital of 12%.
a. If Acort is unlevered, what is the current market value of its equity?
b. Suppose instead that Acort has debt with a face value of $12 million due in one year. According to MM, what is the value of Acort's equity in this case?
c. What is the expected return of Acort's equity without leverage? What is the expected return of Acort's equity with leverage?
d. What is the lowest possible realized return of Acort's equity with and without leverage?
a. If Acort is unlevered, what is the current market value of its equity?
The current market value of the unlevered equity is $
million. (Round to three decimal places.)
The current market value of its unlevered equity is $30.8 million. The value of Acort's equity in this case according to MM is $20.1 million. The expected return of Acort's equity with leverage is 10.95652174%. The lowest possible realized return with leverage is = 6%.
a. Current market value of its equity without leverage: Market value of the asset is = $45 million × 70% + $15 million × 30% = $34.5 million. cost of capital is = 12%Then, the Current market value of its equity without leverage = $34.5 million ÷ (1 + 12%) = $30.8 millionTherefore, the current market value of its unlevered equity is $30.8 million. (Rounded to three decimal places.)
b. Value of Acort's equity in this case according to MM: With debt, the market value of Acort's equity is = $45 million × 70% + $15 million × 30% − $12 million = $22.5 million. Cost of capital is = 12%Then, the Value of Acort's equity in this case according to MM is= $22.5 million ÷ (1 + 12%) = $20.1 millionTherefore, the value of Acort's equity in this case according to MM is $20.1 million. (Rounded to three decimal places.)
c. Expected return without leverage:Expected return is = Market Value of the assets / Current market value of its equity without leverage. The expected return of the asset is = [$45 million × 70% + $15 million × 30%] / $34.5 million= 1.449275362The expected return without leverage is = 6% + 1.449275362 × (12% - 6%)= 13.15789474%Expected return with leverage:Debt is = $12 million
Equity is = $22.5 millionCost of equity is = 12%Cost of debt is = 6%After-Tax cost of debt is = 6% (1 - 0) = 6%Weight of Debt is = $12 million / ($12 million + $22.5 million) = 0.347826087Weight of Equity is = $22.5 million / ($12 million + $22.5 million) = 0.652173913Therefore, Cost of capital is = 6% × 0.347826087 + 12% × 0.652173913 = 10.95652174%The expected return with leverage is = 10.95652174%Then, the expected return of Acort's equity with leverage is 10.95652174%.
d. Lowest possible realized return of Acort's equity with and without leverage:Lowest possible realized return without leverage:Cost of capital is = 12%The lowest possible realized return is = 6%Lowest possible realized return with leverage:Debt is = $12 million. Equity is = $22.5 million. Cost of equity is = 12%Cost of debt is = 6%After-Tax cost of debt is = 6% (1 - 0) = 6%Weight of Debt is = $12 million / ($12 million + $22.5 million) = 0.347826087Weight of Equity is = $22.5 million / ($12 million + $22.5 million) = 0.652173913. Therefore, Cost of capital is = 6% × 0.347826087 + 12% × 0.652173913 = 10.95652174%The lowest possible realized return with leverage is = 6%.
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