Write the negation of each of the following logical expressions so that all negations immediately precede predicates. In some cases, it may be necessary to apply one or more laws of propositional logic.

a. ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → Q(x,y))
b. ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → P(y,x))
c. ∃x ∃y P(x,y) ∧ ∀x ∀y Q(x,y)

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

a. Negation of ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → Q(x,y)) = ∀x  ∃y P(x,y)  ∧ ¬Q(x,y) ]

b. Negation of ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → P(y,x)) = ∀x ∃y  [ ¬P(x,y) ∨ ¬P(y,x) ] ∧ [P(x,y) ∨ P(y,x)]

c. Negation of ∃x ∃y P(x,y) ∧ ∀x ∀y Q(x,y) = ∀x ∀y ¬ [P(x,y)]  ∨ ∃x ∃y ¬ [Q(x,y)]

Step-by-step explanation:

a.∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → Q(x,y))

Negation = ¬ [ ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → Q(x,y)) ]

                = ∀x  ¬ [ ∀y(P(x,y) → Q(x,y)) ]

                = ∀x  ∃y ¬ [ (P(x,y) → Q(x,y)) ]

                = ∀x  ∃y ¬ [  ¬P(x,y)  ∨ Q(x,y) ]

                = ∀x  ∃y P(x,y)  ∧ ¬Q(x,y) ]

Negation of ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → Q(x,y)) = ∀x  ∃y P(x,y)  ∧ ¬Q(x,y) ]

b. ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → P(y,x))

Negation = ¬ [ ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → P(y,x)) ]

               = ∀x ¬ [ ∀y(P(x,y) → P(y,x)) ]

               = ∀x ∃y ¬ [ (P(x,y) → P(y,x)) ]

               = ∀x ∃y ¬ [ ( P(x,y) ∧ P(y,x) ) ∨ ( ¬P(x,y) ∧ ¬P(y,x) )]

               = ∀x ∃y ¬ [ P(x,y) ∧ P(y,x) ] ∧ ¬[ ¬P(x,y) ∧ ¬P(y,x) ]

               = ∀x ∃y  [ ¬P(x,y) ∨ ¬P(y,x) ] ∧ [ P(x,y) ∨ P(y,x) ]

∴ we get

Negation of ∃x ∀y(P(x,y) → P(y,x)) = ∀x ∃y  [ ¬P(x,y) ∨ ¬P(y,x) ] ∧ [P(x,y) ∨ P(y,x)]

c. ∃x ∃y P(x,y) ∧ ∀x ∀y Q(x,y)

Negation = ¬ [ ∃x ∃y P(x,y) ∧ ∀x ∀y Q(x,y) ]

                = ¬ [ ∃x ∃y P(x,y) ]  ∨ ¬ [ ∀x ∀y Q(x,y) ]

                = ∀x¬ [  ∃y P(x,y) ]  ∨ ∃x ¬ [ ∀y Q(x,y) ]

                = ∀x ∀y ¬ [ P(x,y) ]  ∨ ∃x ∃y ¬ [ Q(x,y) ]

∴ we get

Negation of ∃x ∃y P(x,y) ∧ ∀x ∀y Q(x,y) = ∀x ∀y ¬ [ P(x,y) ]  ∨ ∃x ∃y ¬ [ Q(x,y) ]


Related Questions

Evaluate the expression.
(-7) + (-3)

Answers

Answer:

-10

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

= -10

Step-by-step explanation:

-7 + (-3)

=

-7 - 3

-10

plz hurry
How many faces does the solid made from the net below have?


A shape has a pentagon base. There are 5 triangles on the sides.
5
6
10
15

Answers

Answer:

6

Step-by-step explanation:

I

did quiz.

The net of the solid is a plane shape, and The net of the solid is made from 6 faces

How to determine the number of faces?

From the question, we understand that:

Sides = 5 trianglesBase = 1 pentagon

So, the number of faces is:

Face = Triangle + Pentagon

This gives

Face = 5 + 1

Face = 6

Hence, the net of the solid is made from 6 faces

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Plllllwaaaaasseeee hellollll

Suppose you are given two quadrilaterals, ABCD EFGH. If the similarity ratio of ABCD to EFGH is 4:3, and it EH =
60, find AD
a. 45
0.90
b. 40
d. 80
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
B

Look at image^^^

Answers

Answer:

d. 80

Step-by-step explanation:

Similarity ratio of ABCD to EFGH = 4:3.

This implies that the ratio of AD to EH = 4:3

If EH = 60, then:

AD:60 = 4:3

AD/60 = 4/3

Multiply both sides by 60

AD = ⁴/3 × 60

AD = 80

how to solve the volume formula for cylinders using pi​

Answers

The formula for the volume of a cylinder is V=Bh or V=πr2h . The radius of the cylinder is 8 cm and the height is 15 cm. Substitute 8 for r and 15 for h in the formula V=πr2h . i think the answer is this

Darius has a 6-month loan for $500. He must pay 5.6% annual interest on the loan. Using the formula for simple interest, I = Prt, where I is interest owed, P is the amount borrowed, r is the rate as a decimal, and t is time in years, find the amount of interest owed by Darius after 6 months.

Answers

Firstly, multiply the principal P, interest in percentage R and tenure T in years.
For yearly interest, divide the result of P*R*T by 100.
To get the monthly interest, divide the Simple Interest by 12 for 1 year, 24 months for 2 years and so on.

The amount of interest that's owed by Darius after 6 months will be $14

Principal = $500

Rate = 5.6%

Time = 6 months.

Based on the information given, the simple interest will be calculated as:

Simple Interest = PRT/100

Simple Interest = ($500 × 5.6 × 1/2) / 100

Simple Interest = $1400/100

Simple Interest = $14

Therefore, the amount of interest that's owed by Darius after 6 months will be $14

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solve the inequality and graph the solution on the line provided.​

Answers

Answer:

x [tex]\geq[/tex] 5

Step-by-step explanation:

step 1: subtract 6 from both sides

step 2: divide both sides by 7

answer: x [tex]\geq[/tex] 5

interval notation: [5,∞)

Mae Ling earns a weekly salary of $325 plus a 7.5% commission
on sales at a gift shop. How much would she make in a work week if she sold
$5,800 worth of merchandise? Write in money format.

Answers

Answer:

$760

Step-by-step explanation:

Given data

weekly = $325

commission= 7.5%

if she sold $5,800 worth of merchandise

Her earnings will be

Week earning= base salary+ 7.5% of sales

Week earning= 325+ 7.5/100*5800

Week earning= 325+ 0.075*5800

Week earning= 325+ 435

Week earning= $760

What is the simplified form of each expression?
21. 2x + 5x + 4x
A. 11 + 3x
B. 7x
C. 11x
D. 7x + 4x

Answers

Answer:

C

Step-by-step explanation:

They all share a common variable so you can add them all together to get the simpliest form.

Can I get help on C plz

Answers

Answer:

the answer would be 6...

i need help
(64-4) / 2-7^2

Answers

Answer:

-19

Step-by-step explanation:

60/2-7²

30-49

-19

The answer is -19 hope it helps!

Let R be the triangular region in the first quadrant with vertices at points (0,0), (a,0), and (0,b), where a and b are positive constants. Write dow the volume of the solid generated when region R is revolved about the x-axis?

Answers

Answer:

volume of the solid generated when region R is revolved about the x-axis is π ₀∫^a ( [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + b )² dx

Step-by-step explanation:

Given the data in the question and as illustrated in the image below;

R is in the region first quadrant with vertices; 0(0,0), A(a,0) and B(0,b)

from the image;

the equation of AB will be;

y-b / b-0 = x-0 / 0-a

(y-b)(0-a) = (b-0)(x-0)

0 - ay -0 + ba = bx - 0 - 0 + 0

-ay + ba = bx  

ay = -bx + ba

divide through by a

y = [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + ba/a

y = [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + b

so R is bounded by  y = [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + b and y =0, 0 ≤ x ≤ a

The volume of the solid revolving R about x axis is;

dv = Area × thickness

= π( Radius)² dx

= π ( [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + b )² dx

V = π ₀∫^a ( [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + b )² dx

Therefore,  volume of the solid generated when region R is revolved about the x-axis is π ₀∫^a ( [tex]\frac{-b}{a}[/tex]x + b )² dx

The volume of the solid generated when region R is revolved about the x-axis is [tex]\frac{b^{5} }{3a^{2} }[/tex].

Equation of the line AB

[tex]y-0 = \frac{b-0}{0-a} (x-a)[/tex]

[tex]y = \frac{-b}{a} (x-a)[/tex]

What is the volume generated when a curve f(x) is generated about the x-axis?

The volume generated when a curve f(x) is rotated about the x-axis in x∈(c,d) is given by:

[tex]V=\int\limits^d_c {y^2} \, dx[/tex]

So, the volume generated when line AB is rotated about the x-axis will be [tex]V=\int\limits^b_0 ({\frac{-b}{a} (x-a))^2} \, dx[/tex]

[tex]V=\frac{b^{5} }{3a^{2} }[/tex]

Therefore, the volume of the solid generated when region R is revolved about the x-axis is [tex]\frac{b^{5} }{3a^{2} }[/tex].

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SIMPLIFY -3/4( 8/9Y - 18) - 3/5(5/6Y + 25)?

Answers

Answer:

I believe the answer is

-7y+9/6

Answer:

-7/6 y -3/2

Step-by-step explanation:

How many births occur among women under the age of 20?

Answers

Answer:

what do you mean?

Step-by-step explanation:

around 5.8% of them

Evaluate the expression: (10) -3x (-2) +5

Answers

Answer:

-3x(-2)+15

Step-by-step explanation:

add the numbers

Please help me I don’t get it

Answers

Answer:

x=8°

Step-by-step explanation:

If two sides are equal than there angles are also equal.

2x+40+5x+22+5x+22=180

12x+84=180

12x=180-84

12x=96

x=96/12

x=8°

Someone please help and thank you

Answers

Answer:

8:3

Step-by-step explanation:

The GCF of each of them is 8. Divide both of them by it you'll get the ratio

in equivalence the answer is 8 3

Simplify the expression.

21 + 49 divided by 7 + 1

Answers

Answer:

60 divided by 8

Step-by-step explanation:

60 divided by 8

GUYS I NEED HELP PLSSSSSS! Ive been working on this ALL day!

Answers

First, let's write what we know.

We can represent the number of students in the play from each class as L, G, and C. We know that L = 7, and if Gardener has 4 more students than Cho, then G = C + 4.

Then, taking the third line, we can write an inequality:

C < L < G

C < 7 < C + 4

C - 4 < 3 < C

3 < C < 7

If C is greater than 3 and less than 7 and is an integer, than means C is 4, 5, or 6.

Then, we need to find how many students are in the play.

C + L + G

C + 7 + C + 4

2C + 11

So we have our expression for the number of students in the play. Then, we need to find the total number of students. We know that 2C + 11 will be 30% of the total, so if T is the total, we can find T.

0.3T = 2C + 11

(Divide by 3/10 or multiply by 10/3 on both sides)

T = 20/3 C + 110/3

We know from before that C is 4, 5 or 6. We can plug these into our equation here to find which one produces a whole number.

T = 20/3 * 4 + 110/3

T = 190/3

T = 20/3 * 5 + 110/3

T = 210/3

T = 70

T = 20/3 * 6 + 110/3

T = 230/3

We can see here that only when C is 5 will the total be a whole number. That means Mrs. Cho has 5 students in the play. If Mrs. Gardner has 4 more than that, she has 9 students in the play in her class.  We now need to figure out the number of student in her class.

The total students are Cho's, Logan's, and Gardner's classes added together. We know that Logan's class is 23 students, so if we subtract that from the total, we can see that Cho's and Gardner's class have 47 students. If Mrs. Cho has 24 students in her class, we can subtract that from the 47, so we know that Mrs. Gardner has 23 students in her class.

NEED FAST HURRY

A candy store sells caramels and milk chocolate by the pound the table below shows the total cost in dollars for a pound of each type of candy the store sells

Caramels: $9.28
Milk Chocolate: $12.80

How much more is the cost for 1 3/4 pounds of milk chocolate than the cost for 1 3/4 pounds of caramels?

Answers

Answer:

$6.16

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer:

Caramels=$16.24

Milk chocolate=$22.40

All together= $29.04

Step-by-step explanation:

64 + (5 ÷ 3) - 2^3
help me plz

Answers

Answer:

57.67

Step-by-step explanation:

64+1.67-8

65.67-8

57.67

Ms. Hagan invested twice as much money in an account that pays 7% interest as she did in an account that pays 6% in interest. Her total investment pays her $1,000 a year in interest. How much did she invest at each rate?

Answers

Answer: She invested $5000 in an account that pays 6% interest and $10000 in an account that pays 7% interest.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let P be the initial amount she invested in an account that pays 6% interest.

Then, amount invested in other account = 2P

Simple interest = Principal x rate x time

After one year, for the first account,

Interest = P(0.06)(1)  = 0.06P

For second account,

Interest = (2P)(0.07)(1)=0.14P

Total interest = [tex]0.06P+0.14P=1000[/tex]

[tex]\Rightarrow\ 0.20P=1000\\\\\Rightarrow\ P=\dfrac{1000}{0.20}\\\\\Rightarrow\ P=5000[/tex]

2P = 2(5000)=10000

Hence, She invested $5000 in an account that pays 6% interest and $10000 in an account that pays 7% interest.

At the interest rate of 6%, amount invested is; $5000

At interest rate of 7%, amount invested is; $10000

Let P be the initial amount that Ms. Hagan invested in the 6% interest account that

Since she invested twice as much in the 7% interest account as in the 6% interest account, then;

Initial amount invested in the 7% interest account = 2P

Formula for Simple interest is;

I = Principal × rate × time

Interest after 1 year for the 6% interest account is,

I_1 = P × 0.06 × 1

I_1 = 0.06P

Interest after 1 year for the 7% interest account is,

I_2 = 2P × 0.07 × 1

I_2 = 0.14P

Total investment pays her $1000 after a year. Thus;

0.06P + 0.14P = 1000

0.2P = 1000

P = 1000/0.2

P = $5000

Then amount initially invested in the 7% interest account = 2P = $10000

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NOTE: Angles not necessarily drawn to size . what is x?

Answers

Answer: 45

Step-by-step explanation: 160-115= 45 you do this because the angles are across the vertex from each other.

Answer:

X=45

Step-by-step explanation:

Method 1 ( the long one)

So AED and CEB are vertical angles, that means that the are the same and have the same value.

So 115 plus x equal 160.

                            115 + x = 160

from there we just have to subtract 115 from both sides to get x by itself.

                            115 + x = 160

                           -115         -115

                       _________________

                                   x=45

Method 2 (short one

If you know that those are vertical angles, then just subtract 115 from 160 and there you go. You get 45.

Tucker's bedroom is a rectangle that measures 3
5
6
yards by 4
1
6
yards. His dad buys two area rugs that each have a length of 4 yards. Rug one has an area of 16
35
36
square yards. Rug two is 15 square yards.

Which rug will fit Tucker's room?

Answers

Answer:

my teacher has cancer please help her at #snowmanchallenge

Step-by-step explanation:

try to spread the help every snowman is ten dollars for her

A group of friends hiked 7 miles in 2 hours at this same rate what is the total number of miles they can hike in 8 hours

Answers

They can hike 28 miles in 8 hours.

Domesticated animals were primarily valued for meat.
true or false

Answers

Answer:

False

Step-by-step explanation:

Hope this helps :)

WORTH 30 POINTS *will give you brainliest*

Answers

Answer:

x = 3

Step-by-step explanation:

MN is exactly half of 6x + 2 (midpoint theorem)

2(2x + 4) = 6x + 2

4x + 8 = 6x + 2

-2x + 8 = 2

-2x = -6

x = 3

ksjdfnsdjkfnskfjsndjkfsndjkf

Answers

No the answer is: ssbhsjsjeoebehjdhehsjjdudheheu

7. Write an equation of the line that passes through the points (1, 4) and (-2, 10), in point-slope form. ​

Answers

Answer:

y = -2x + 6

Step-by-step explanation:

This has sort of the same concept as your earlier question

Use the equation y = mx + b

To find the slope, take the second y value and subtract the first y value. Then take the second x value and subtract the first x value. Divide the answers. You'd get -2 in this case. -2 would be your slope (m).

The substitute any set of x and y values (either (1, 4) or (-2, 10)) and the slope into y = mx + b. You'd get 6 as your y-intercept (b).

One alloy is 2 parts iron and 3 parts silver and another alloy is 7 parts iron to 3 parts silver. How much of each should be combined to produce a 30 pound alloy that is one part iron to one part silver

Answers

Answer:

Let x be your first alloy

2/5x+7/10(30-x)=1/2(30)

4x+210-7x=150

3x=60

x=20

So, you need 20 lbs of the first alloy, and 10 parts of the second to make 30 lbs of half iron and half silver alloy

Answer:

20 pounds for first 10 for second.

Step-by-step explanation:

can anyone help me i dont understand this

Answers

It is 8, because 8-11 is -3.
it’s 8
8-11= -3

to find the answer for future questions , just subtract the number (-11) from the sum (-3)
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