Write a method isSorted that accepts a stack of integers as a parameter and returns true if the elements in the stack occur in ascending (non-decreasing) order from top to bottom, and false otherwise.

Answer:

RAM is used to store programs and data the CPU needs. ROM has prerecorded data and is used to boot the computer

Explanation:

Answer:

I am writing a Python program. Let me know if you want the program in some other programming language.        

import string  #to use string related functions

def wordcount(filename):  # function that takes a text file name as parameter and returns the number of occurrences of every word in file

   file = open(filename, "r")  # open the file in read mode

   wc = dict()  # creates a dictionary

   for sentence in file:  # loop through each line of the file

       sentence = sentence.strip()  #returns the text, removing empty spaces

       sentence=sentence.lower() #converts each line to lowercase to avoid case sensitivity

       sentence = sentence.translate(sentence.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation))  #removes punctuation from every line of the text file

       words = sentence.split(" ")  # split the lines into a list of words

       for word in words:  #loops through each word of the file

           if len(word)>2:  #checks if the length of the word is greater than 2

               if word in wc:  # if the word is already in dictionary

                   wc[word] = wc[word] + 1  #if the word is already present in dict wc then add 1 to the count of that word

               else:  #if the word is not already present

                   wc[word] = 1  # word is added to the wc dict and assign 1 to the count of that word                

   for w in list(wc.keys()):  #prints the list of words and their number of occurrences

       print(w, wc[w])  #prints word: occurrences in key:value format of dict        

wordcount("file.txt") #calls wordcount method and passes name of the file to that method

Explanation:

The program has a function wordcount that takes the name of a text file (filename) as parameter.

open() method is used to open the file in read mode. "r" represents the mode and it means read mode. Then a dictionary is created and named as wc. The first for loop, iterates through each line (sentence) of the text file. strip() method is used to remove extra empty spaces or new line character from each sentence of the file, then each sentence is converted to lower case using lower() method to avoid case sensitivity. Now the words "hello" and "Hello" are treated as the same word.

sentence = sentence.translate(sentence.maketrans("", "", string.punctuation))  statement uses two methods i.e. maketrans() and translate(). maketrans() specifies the punctuation characters that are to be deleted from the sentences and returns a translation table. translate() method uses the table that maketrans() returns in order to replace a character to its mapped character and returns the lines of text file after performing these translations.

Next the split() method is used to break these sentences into a list of words. Second for loop iterates through each word of the text file. As its given to ignore words of length 2 or less, so an IF statement is used to check if the length of word is greater than 2. If this statement evaluates to true then next statement: if word in wc:   is executed which checks if the word is already present in dictionary. If this statement evaluates to true then 1 is added to the count of that word. If the word is not already present  then the word is added to the wc dictionary and 1 s assigned to the count of that word.

Next the words along with their occurrences is printed. The program and its output are attached as screenshot. Since the frankenstein.txt' is not provided so I am using my own text file.

Answer:

Op code table.

Explanation:

In Computer programming, an Op code is the short term for operational code and it is the single instruction which can be executed by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer.

The conversion of symbolic op codes such as LOAD, ADD, and SUBTRACT to binary makes use of a structure called the Op code table. The Op code can be defined as a visual representation of the entire operational codes contained in a set of executable instructions.

An Op code table is arranged in rows and columns which basically represents an upper or lower nibble and when combined depicts the full byte of the operational code. Each cells in the Op code table are labeled from 0-F for the rows and columns; when combined it forms values ranging from 00-FF which contains information about CPU cycle counts and instruction code parameters.

Hence, if the operational code table is created and sorted alphabetically, the binary search algorithm can be used to find an operational code to be executed by the central processing unit (CPU).

Answer:

I am writing a Python program.

def concordance(filename):  # function that takes a file name as parameter and returns the concordance for that file

   file = open(filename,"r")  #opens file in read mode

   unique={}  #creates and empty list

   for word in file.read().split():  #loops through every word in the file

       if word in unique:  # if words is already present in the list

           unique[word] += 1  #add 1 to the count of the existing word

       else:    #if word is not present in the list

           unique[word] = 1 #add the word to the list and add 1 to the count of word

           file.close();  # close the file

   for x in sorted(unique):  #sort the list and displays words with frequencies

       print(x, unique[x]);  #prints the unique words and their frequencies in alphabetical order

#prompts user to enter the name of the file

file_name=input('Enter the input file name: ')

concordance(file_name)  #calls concordance method by passing file name to it

Explanation:

The program has a function concordance that takes a text file name as parameter and returns a list of unique words and their frequencies.

The program first uses open() method to open the file in read mode. Here "r" represents the mode. Then creates an empty list named unique. Then the for loop iterates through each word in the file. Here the method read() is used to read the contents of file and split() is used to return these contents as a list of strings. The if condition inside the loop body checks each word if it is already present in the list unique. If the word is present then it adds 1 to the count of that word and if the word is not already present then it adds that unique word to the list and assign 1 as a count to that word. close() method then closes the file. The second for loop for x in sorted(unique):  is used to display the list of unique words with their frequencies. sorted() method is used to sort the list and then the loop iterates through each word in the list, through x, which acts like an index variable, and the loop displays each word along with its frequency.

Answer:

int ComputeFibonacci(int N) {

   if(N == 0)

       return 0;

   else if (N == 1)

       return 1;

   else

       return ComputeFibonacci(N-1) + ComputeFibonacci(N-2);

}

Explanation:

Inside the function ComputeFibonacci that takes one parameter, N, check the base cases first. If N is eqaul to 0, return 0. If N is eqaul to 1, return 1. Otherwise, call the ComputeFibonacci function with parameter N-1 and N-2 and sum these and return the result.

For example,

If N = 4 as in the main part:

ComputeFibonacci(4) → ComputeFibonacci(3) + ComputeFibonacci(2) = 2 + 1 = 3

ComputeFibonacci(3) → ComputeFibonacci(2) + ComputeFibonacci(1) = 1 + 1 = 2

ComputeFibonacci(2) → ComputeFibonacci(1) + ComputeFibonacci(0) = 1 + 0  = 1

*Note that you need to insert values from the bottom. Insert the values for ComputeFibonacci(1) and  ComputeFibonacci(0) to find ComputeFibonacci(2) and repeat the process.

Answer:

(a) values[0].length

Explanation:

In programming languages such as Java, an array is a collection of data of the same type. For example, a and b below are an example of an array.

a = {5, 6, 7, 9}

b = {{2,3,4}, {3,5,4}, {6,8,5}, {1,4,6}}

But while a is a one-dimensional array, b is a regular two-dimensional array. A two-dimensional array is typically an array of one-dimensional arrays.

Now, a few thing to note about a two-dimensional array:

(i) The number of rows in a 2-dimensional array is given by;

arrayname.length

For example, to get the number of rows in array b above, we simply write;

b.length which will give 4

(ii) The number of columns in a 2-dimensional array is given by;

arrayname[0].length

This is with an assumption that all rows have same number of columns.

To get the number of columns in array b above, we simply write;

b[0].length which will give 3

Therefore, for a regular two-dimensional array named values, the number of columns is represented by: values[0].length

Answer:

The start menu in windows 10 has similarities.

Explanation:The windows 10 is start menu and start screen. Installed windows 10 on a PC, the start button after windows appear start menu.Windows app you can access windows apps right the menu. click the left display all apps installed your personal computer. click right to open a window app NEWS,MAIL, or CALENDAR. POWER button at the bottom of the left side, and display the to shut down and restart.

Right click your account name at the top the menu.You add files explorer to taskbar.Simply click the option you needed

Answer:

Following are the answer to this question:

Explanation:

The server would be generally a powerful processor instead of a desktop pc. It must choose the Dell server browser to choose a server for industrial applications.

Answer:

System.gc()

Explanation:

System.gc() can be defined as the method which can be used to effectively request for garbage collection because they runs the garbage collector, which in turn enables JMV which is fully known as JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE to claim back the already unused memory space of the objects that was discarded for quick reuse of the memory space , although Java virtual machine often perform garbage collection automatically.

Answer:

Decommission/Recycle

Explanation:

This specific scenario that is being described belongs to the final stage of the hardware lifecycle known as Decommission/Recycle. This is when the asset in question has completed its function for an extended period of time and is no longer functioning at maximum efficiency and/or newer hardware has hit the market. Once in this stage, the hardware in question is either repaired or scrapped for resources that can be used to create newer products.

Answer:

Option D, all of the above, is the right answer.

Explanation:

A Boolean expression is an expression in Computer Science. It is employed in programming languages that create a Boolean value when it is evaluated. There may be a true or false Boolean value. These expressions correspond to propositional formularies in logic. In Boolean expression, the  expression 3 > 5 is evaluated as false while  5 > 3 is evaluated as true

Boolean expressions control  all of the above method execution and as such option d is correct.

A Boolean expression is known to be a kind of logical statement that is said to be one of the two options that is it can be TRUE or FALSE .

Conclusively, Note that Boolean expressions are used to compare two or more data of any type only if  both parts of the expression have equal basic data type.  Boolean expressions control recursion, conditional execution and alternative execution.

Learn ore about Boolean expressions from

https://brainly.com/question/25039269

Answer:

alphabet = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"

test_dups = ["zzz","dog","bookkeeper","subdermatoglyphic","subdermatoglyphics"]

test_miss = ["zzz","subdermatoglyphic","the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"]

# From Section 11.2 of: # Downey, A. (2015). Think Python: How to think like a computer scientist. Needham, Massachusetts: Green Tree Press.

def histogram(s):

   d = dict()

   for c in s:

       if c not in d:

           d[c] = 1

       else:

           d[c] += 1

   return d

#Part 1 Write a function called has_duplicates that takes a string parameter and returns True if the string has any repeated characters. Otherwise, it should return False.

def has_duplicates(stringP):

   dic = histogram(stringP)

   for key,value in dic.items():

       if value>1:

           return True

   return False

# Implement has_duplicates by creating a histogram using the histogram function above. Write a loop over the strings in the provided test_dups list.

# Print each string in the list and whether or not it has any duplicates based on the return value of has_duplicates for that string.

# For example, the output for "aaa" and "abc" would be the following. aaa has duplicates abc has no duplicates Print a line like one of the above for each of the strings in test_dups.

print("***Implementation of has_duplicates fuction***")

for sTr in test_dups:

   if has_duplicates(sTr):

       print(sTr+": has duplicates")

   else:

       print(sTr+": has no duplicates")

#Part 2 Write a function called missing_letters that takes a string parameter and returns a new string with all the letters of the alphabet that are not in the argument string.

#The letters in the returned string should be in alphabetical order. Your implementation should use a histogram from the histogram function. It should also use the global variable alphabet.

#It should use this global variable directly, not through an argument or a local copy. It should loop over the letters in alphabet to determine which are missing from the input parameter.

#The function missing_letters should combine the list of missing letters into a string and return that string.

def missing_letters(sTr):

   missingLettersList = []

   dic = histogram(sTr)

   for l in alphabet:

       if l not in dic:

           missingLettersList.append(l)

   missingLettersList.sort()

   return "".join(missingLettersList)

#Write a loop over the strings in list test_miss and call missing_letters with each string. Print a line for each string listing the missing letters.

#For example, for the string "aaa", the output should be the following. aaa is missing letters bcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz

#If the string has all the letters in alphabet, the output should say it uses all the letters.

#For example, the output for the string alphabet itself would be the following. abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz uses all the letters

#Print a line like one of the above for each of the strings in test_miss.

print("\n***Implementation of missing_letters fuction***")

for lTm in test_miss:

   sTr = missing_letters(lTm.replace(" ",""))

   if sTr!="":

       print(lTm+" is missing letters "+sTr)

   else:

       print(lTm +" uses all the letters")

Answer:

Enterprise software/system

Explanation:

Enterprise software which is also known as Enterprise Application Software (EAS) is computer software that its primary function is to meet the needs of an organization rather than that of an individual.

EAS or Enterprise System is the software development management tool that easily integrates into a business' enterprise software system.

//import the Scanner class

import java.util.Scanner;

//Begin class definition

public class NumberOfMinutes{

    //Begin main method

    public static void main(String []args){

       //Create an object of the Scanner class

       Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

       //initialize a variable nm to hold the number of minutes

       int nm = 0;

       //Prompt the use to enter the number of hours

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of hours");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of hours in a variable nh

       int nh = input.nextInt();

       //Prompt the user to enter the number of days

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of days");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of days in a variable nd

       int nd = input.nextInt();

       //Prompt the user to enter the number of weeks

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of weeks");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of weeks in variable nw

       int nw = input.nextInt();

       //Prompt the user to enter the number of years

       System.out.println("Please enter the number of years");

       //Receive the input using the Scanner object and

       //Store the entered number of years in a variable ny

       int ny = input.nextInt();

       //Convert number of hours to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += nh * 60;

       //Convert number of days to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += nd * 24 * 60;

       //Convert number of weeks to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += nw * 7 * 24 * 60;

       //Convert number of years to minutes and

       //add the result to the nm variable

       nm += ny * 52 * 7 * 24 * 60;

       //Display the number of minutes which is stored in nm

       System.out.println("The number of minutes is " + nm);

    }   //End main method

}  //End of class definition

Please enter the number of hours

>>12

Please enter the number of days

>>2

Please enter the number of weeks

>>4

Please enter the number of years

>>5

The number of minutes is 2664720

The code contains comments explaining every line of the program. Please go through the comments. The actual lines of executable code are written in bold face to distinguish them from comments.

A sample output has also been provided above. Also, a snapshot of the program file, showing the well-formatted code, has been attached to this response.

Answer:

sports = ["football", "basketball", "volleyball", "baseball", "swimming"]

last = sports[-3:]

print(last)

Explanation:

*The code is in Python.

Create a list called sports

Create a variable called last and set it to the last three elements of the sports list using slicing

Print the last

Answer:

The answer is below

Explanation:

Given that:

Frame transmission time (X) = 40 ms

Requests = 50 requests/sec, Therefore the arrival rate for frame (G) = 50 request * 40 ms = 2 request

a) Probability that there is success on the first attempt = [tex]e^{-G}G^k[/tex] but k = 0, therefore Probability that there is success on the first attempt = [tex]e^{-G}=e^{-2}=0.135[/tex]

b) probability of exactly k collisions and then a success = P(collisions in k attempts) × P(success in k+1 attempt)

P(collisions in k attempts) = [1-Probability that there is success on the first attempt]^k = [tex][1-e^{-G}]^k=[1-0.135]^k=0.865^k[/tex]

P(success in k+1 attempt) = [tex]e^{-G}=e^{-2}=0.135[/tex]

Probability of exactly k collisions and then a success = [tex]0.865^k0.135[/tex]

c) Expected number of transmission attempts needed = probability of success in k transmission = [tex]e^{G}=e^{2}=7.389[/tex]

Answer:

Baselines

Explanation:

The idea of software configuration management is that of monitoring and controlling changes in the software. The baseline is the standard and formally accepted form of a software item that is meant to be configured. It is like a generally accepted reference point, which could be applied in effecting incremental changes in the software.

There are three types of baselines which are the functional, developmental, and product baselines. Functional baselines provide an overview of the functionality and specifications of a system. The product baseline encompasses both the functional and physical details of the system.

Answer:

Using java

//assuming that hashmap object name is ChangeMap

ChangeMap. replace("short", "long");

System.out.println("New HashMap: "

+ ChangeMap.toString());

Explanation:

From the above we have used the replace method to replace the value of the "short" key in the hashtable with "long" instead of the previous value "tall". We have used the printed the hashtable to the console using println and the ".toString()" method that we added to the function's parameter.

Answer:

I am writing a C++ program:

#include <iostream>  //to use input output functions

#include<iomanip>  // to format the output

using namespace std;   // to identify objects like cin cout

void calculateCharge(double weight, double distance);   // function prototype

int main(){  //start of main() function body

  double w = 0.0, t = 0.0;  // w variable is for weight and t is for total

   unsigned int d = 0;   // d variable is to hold the value of distance

   calculateCharge(w, d); }  //calls calculateCharge method by passing weight and distance values to this method

void calculateCharge(double weight, double distance){  //method that takes weight and distance as parameters and compute the shipping charge

   double charge = 0.0;  //to store the value of shipping charges

   do {  // do while loop to handle multiple packages until a weight of 0 is entered

       cout << "Enter weight: " << endl;  //prompts user to enter weight

       cin >> weight;  //reads the input weight value

       if (weight == 0){  // if the value of weight is equal to 0

           break; }  // the loop breaks if value of weight is 0

       cout << "Enter distance: " << endl;  // if value of weight is not zero then the program precedes by prompting user to enter the value of distance

       cin >> distance;  //reads the input distance value

       cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << endl;  //set the precision to 2 means the sets the number of digits of an output to 2 decimal places

       if(weight <= 2)  //if the value of weight is less than or equals to 2

charge = (distance/500) * 3.10;  //compute the charge by this formula

else if(weight > 2 && weight <= 6)  //if weight is over 2 kg but not more than 6 kg

charge = (distance/500) * 4.20;  //charge is computed by multiplying value of distance to that of weight and if distance is greater than 500 then it is divided by 500 first

else if(weight > 6 && weight <= 10)  // if weight is over 6 kg but not more than 10 kg

charge = (distance/500) * 5.30;  //compute shipping charges by this formula

else  //if weight is over 10 kg

charge = (distance/500) * 6.40;   // compute shipping charge by multiplying value of distance to that of 6.40 weight value and if distance is greater than 500 then distance is divided by 500 first

cout << "Shipping charges: $" << charge << "\n";   //display the computed shipping charge

   } while (weight != 0);  //the loop continues to execute until weight 0 is entered

}              

Explanation:

The program is explained in the comments mentioned above. The program has a main() function that declares variable for weight, distance and total and then calls calculateCharge() method passing weight and dsitance in order to compute and return the shipping charge.

In calculateCharge() the user is prompted to enter the values for weight and distance. Then the based on the value of weight , the shipping charge is computed. Shipping charge is computed by multiplying the weight with distance. The distance is assumed to be 500 but if the distance entered by user exceeds 500 then the distance value is divided by 500 and then multiplied by the specified weight (according to if or else if conditions) in order to compute shipping charge. The program has a do while loop that keeps taking input from user until the user enters 0 as the value of weight.

The screenshot of the program and its output is attached.

Answer:

c. rear = (rear + 1) % elements.length; elements[rear] = element;

Explanation:

In the above statement:

Name of the array is elements.

rear holds current index of elements array where current rear element of queue is stored. Front are rear are two open ends of the queue and the end from which the element is inserted into the queue is called rear.

element is the element that is required to enqueue into the queue

Enqueue basically mean to add an element to a queue.

Here it is assumed that the queue is not full. This means an element can be added to the queue.

It is also assumed that code also correctly increments numElements.

rear = (rear + 1) % elements.length; This statement adds 1 to the rear and takes the modulus of rear+1 to the length of the array elements[]. This statement specifies the new position of the rear.

Now that the new position of rear is found using the above statement. Next the element can be enqueued to that new rear position using the following statement:

elements[rear] = element; this statement sets the element at the rear-th (new position) index of elements[] array.

For example we have a queue of length 5 and there are already 4 elements inserted into this queue. We have to add a new element i.e. 6 to the queue. There are four elements in elements[] array and length of the array is 5 so this means the queue is not full. Lets say that rear = 3

elements.length = 5

rear = 3

Using above two statements we get.

rear = (rear + 1) % elements.length;

       = 3 + 1 % 5

       = 4%5

      =  4

This computes the new position of rear. So the new position of rear is the 4-th index of elements[]. Now next statement:

elements[rear] = element;

elements[4] = 6

This statement adds element 6 to the 4-th index of elements[] array.

Thus the above statement enqueues element (element 6 in above example) into the queue.

Answer and Explanation:

A BST is the short form for Binary Search Tree. It is a special type of binary tree data structure in which nodes are arranged in a particular order such that;

i. the left subtree of a particular node should always contain nodes whose key values are less than that of the key value of the node itself.

ii. the right subtree of a particular node should always contain nodes whose key values are greater than that of the key value of the node itself.

iii. the right and left subtrees should also be a binary search tree.

For the given set of data:

36,22,10,44,42,16,25,3,23,24;

The equivalent binary search tree is attached to this response.

As shown in the attachment:

i. the first data value (36) is the root node value.

ii. the second value (22) is less than the root node value (36), therefore, 22 goes to the left of the root node.

iii. the third value is 10. This is less than 36 and then also less than 22, so 10 goes to the left of 22.

iv. the fourth value is 44. This is greater than the root node value (36), therefore, 44 goes to the right of the root node.

v. the fifth value is 42. This is greater than the root value (36) so it is going to be positioned somewhere at the right of the root node. But it is less than the value (44) of the direct right node of the root node. Therefore, 42 goes to the left of the direct right (44) of the root node.

vi. the sixth value is 16. This is less than the root node value (36). So it is going to be positioned somewhere at the left of the root node. It is also less than the value (22) of the direct left node of the root node. So it is going to be positioned somewhere at the left of the node with 22. But it is greater than the node with 10. Therefore, 16 is going to be to the right of the node with 10.

This trend continues until all data values have been rightly positioned.

PS: A binary tree is a data structure in which each node cannot have more than two nodes directly attached to it.

Answer:

Following are the answer to this question:

Explanation:

There will be several ways to provide it, although it is simpler to let another front side Will work out a three-way handshake or transfer packages to there with a Server chosen. Its application responds TCP packets with both the destination node of the front end.

The very first packet was sent to a computer as an option. Mention, even so, that perhaps the end of the queue end remains in the loop in this scenario. Rather than obtaining this information from the front end like in the primary healthcare services, you have the advantage of this capability: its selected server helps to generate TCP state.

Answer:

for (var i = 0; i <20; i++)

{

var lineY = 20 + (i * 20);

line(0, lineY, 400, lineY);

}

Explanation:

To turn the loop while to for loop, you start by considering the iterating variable i and its iterating operations which are;

var i = 0; while (i < 20) and i++;

Where var i = 0; is the initializing statement

(i < 20) is the conditional statement

i++ is the increment

The next is to combine these operations to a for loop; using the following syntax: for(initializing; condition; increment){}

This gives: for(var i = 0; i<20; i++)

Hence, the full code snippet is:

for (var i = 0; i <20; i++)

{

var lineY = 20 + (i * 20);

line(0, lineY, 400, lineY);

}

Answer:

nxlskshwhhwwlqlqoejebx znznxjslaa

Answer:

Following are the code to this question:

def after_second(s,sub):#defining a method a fter_second

   first = s.find(sub)#defining a variable first that hold method find value

   if first != -1:#defining if block to check first variable value not equal to -1 using slicing  

       s = s[len(sub)+first:]#defining s variable to calculate sub parameter length of parameter and use slicing

       second = s.find(sub)#defining second variable to calculate find method value  

   if second != -1:#defining if block to calculate second variable slicing

       return s[len(sub)+second:]#return s variable value

print(after_second("heyyoheyhi","hey"))#defining print method to call after_second method

print(after_second("11223344554321","3"))#defining print method to call after_second method

Output:

hi

44554321

Explanation:

In the above python code a method "after_second" is declared, that accepts two-variable "s, and sub" as the parameter inside the method a first variable is declared that uses the inbuilt method "find" to find the value and stores it value. In the next step, two if blocks are used, in which both if blocks use the slicing to checks its value is not equal to "-1".

Answer:

when there is no junk

Explanation:

If you choose the checkbox next to “Delete the driver software from this device,” your computer will no longer contain the driver or any associated registry keys. Either method will prevent you from using the device until you reinstall the device driver.

To connect and communicate with particular devices, a computer needs device drivers.

It may be taken out without any trouble. However, it also comes with the installers for your PC's drivers. You will need to go to the manufacturer's website to download them again if you accidentally delete them.

Therefore, No, unless your new driver is broken and corrupts data. Install the driver if it comes from a reliable source. It is not intended to. Having a backup system that keeps your data safe in case of issues is a good idea.

Learn more about driver files here:

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Answer:

I am writing a C++ program using loops instead of nested if statements.

#include <iostream> // to use input output functions

using namespace std; // to identify  objects like cin cout

void cells(int cells[],int days){ /* function that takes takes one array of integers cells, one integer days representing the number of days to simulate. */

int pos ,num=0; //declares variables pos for position of two adjacent cells and num to iterate for each day

int result[9]; //the updated output array

while (num< days)   { //this loop keeps executing till the value of num is less than the value of number of days

num++;

for(pos=1;pos<9;pos++)   //this loop has a pos variable that works like an index and moves through the cell array

    result[pos]=(cells[pos-1])^ (cells[pos+1]); //updated cell state determined by the previous and next cells (adjacent cells) by bitwise XOR operations

     for(pos=1;pos<9;pos++) //iterates through the array

         cells[pos]=result[pos];    } //the updated cells state is assigned to the cell array simultaneously

   for(pos=1;pos<9;pos++) //iterates through the array and prints the resultant array that contains the updated active and inactive cells values

        cout << result[pos]; }

int main() { //start of the main function body

int j,day;

int output[9];

*/the two cells on the ends (first and last positions of array) have single adjacent cell, so the other adjacent cell can be assumed to be always inactive i.e. 0 */

output[0]=output[9]=0;

for(j=1;j<9;j++) //takes the input array from user

cin >> output[j];

cin >> day;

cells(output,day); } //calls the function cells to print the array with active and inactive cells states.

Explanation:

The program is well explained in the comments mentioned with every statement of the program. I will explain with the help of example:

Suppose the user enters the array = [1,0,0,0,0,1,0,0] and days=1

The while loop checks if the value of num is less than that of days. Here num is 0 and days is 1 So this means that the body of while loop will execute.

In the body of while loop the value of num is incremented by 1. The first loop initializes a variable pos for position of adjacent cells. The statement is a recursive statement result[pos]=(cells[pos-1])^ (cells[pos+1]) that uses previous state for updating the state of other cells. The “^” is the symbol used for bitwise exclusive operator. In bitwise XOR operations the two numbers are taken as operands and XOR is performed on every bit of two numbers. The result of XOR is 1 if the two bits are not same otherwise 0. For example XOR of 1^0 and 0^1 is 1 and the XOR of 0^0 and 1^1 is 0. The second for loop update the cell information of all cells simultaneously. The last loop prints the updated cells states.

The main function takes the input array element from user and the value for the days and calls the cells function to compute the print the active and inactive cells state information.

The screenshot of the program along with its output are attached.

Answer:

Here is the python method:

def is_power(n1, n2): # function that takes two positive integers n1 and n2 as arguments

   if(not n1>0 and not n2>0): #if n1 and n2 are not positive integers

       print("The number is not a positive integer so:") # print this message if n1 and n2 are negative

       return None # returns none when value of n1 and n2 is negative.

   elif n1 == n2: #first base case: if both the numbers are equal

       return True #returns True if n1=n2

   elif n2==1: #second base case: if the value of n2 is equal to 1

       return False #returns False if n2==1

   else: #recursive step

       return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2) #call divisible method and is_power method recursively to determine if the number is the power of another

Explanation:

Here is the complete program.

def is_divisible(a, b):

   if a % b == 0:

       return True

   else:

       return False

def is_power(n1, n2):

   if(not n1>0 and not n2>0):

       print("The number is not a positive integer so:")  

       return None  

   elif n1 == n2:

       return True

   elif n2==1:

       return False

   else:

       return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2)  

print("is_power(10, 2) returns: ", is_power(10, 2))

print("is_power(27, 3) returns: ", is_power(27, 3))

print("is_power(1, 1) returns: ", is_power(1, 1))

print("is_power(10, 1) returns: ", is_power(10, 1))

print("is_power(3, 3) returns: ", is_power(3, 3))

print("is_power(-10, -1) returns: ", is_power(-10, -1))  

The first method is is_divisible method that takes two numbers a and b as arguments. It checks whether a number a is completely divisible by number b. The % modulo operator is used to find the remainder of the division. If the remainder of the division is 0 it means that the number a is completely divisible by b otherwise it is not completely divisible. The method returns True if the result of a%b is 0 otherwise returns False.

The second method is is_power() that takes two numbers n1 and n2 as arguments. The if(not n1>0 and not n2>0) if statement checks if these numbers i.e. n1 and n2 are positive or not. If these numbers are not positive then the program prints the message: The number is not a positive integer so. After displaying this message the program returns None instead of True of False because of negative values of n1 and n2.

If the values of n1 and n2 are positive integers then the program checks its first base case: n1 == n2. Suppose the value of n1 = 1 and n2 =1 Then n1 is a  power of n2 if both of them are equal. So this returns True if both n1 and n2 are equal.

Now the program checks its second base case n2 == 1. Lets say n1 is 10 and n2 is 1 Then the function returns False because there is no positive integer that is the power of 1 except 1 itself.

Now the recursive case return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2)  calls is_divisible() method and is_power method is called recursively in this statement. For example if n1 is 27 and n2 is 3 then this statement:

is_divisible(n1, n2) returns True because 27 is completely divisible by 3 i.e. 27 % 3 = 0

is_power(n1/n2,n2) is called. This method will be called recursively until the base condition is reached. You can see it has two arguments n1/n2 and n2. n1/n2 = 27/3 = 9 So this becomes is_power(9,3)

The base cases are checked. Now this else statement is again executed  return is_divisible(n1, n2) and is_power(n1/n2, n2) as none of the above base cases is evaluated to true. when is_divisible() returns True as 9 is completely divisible by 3 i.e. 9%3 =0 and is_power returns (9/3,3) which is (3,3). So this becomes is_power(3,3)

Now as value of n1 becomes 3 and value of n2 becomes 3. So the first base case elif n1 == n2: condition now evaluates to true as 3=3. So it returns True. Hence the result of this statement print("is_power(10, 2) returns: ", is_power(10, 2))  is:                                                                                                

is_power(27, 3) returns:  True

Following are the program to the given question:

Program Explanation:

Program:

def is_divisible(a, b):#defining a method is_divisible that takes two parameters

   return a % b == 0#using return keyword that modulas parameter value and checks its value equal to 0

def is_power(a, b):#defining a method is_power that takes two parameters  

   if a == 1:#defining if block that checks a value equal to 1  or check odd number condition

       return True#return value True

   if b ==  1:#defining if block that checks b value equal to 1  or check odd number condition

       return False#return value False

   if not is_divisible(a, b):#defining if block that check method is_divisible value

       return False##return value False

   return is_power(a/b, b)#using return keyword calls and return is_power method                          

print("is_power(10, 2) returns: ", is_power(10, 2))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(27, 3) returns: ", is_power(27, 3))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(1, 1) returns: ", is_power(1, 1))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(10, 1) returns: ", is_power(10, 1))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

print("is_power(3, 3) returns: ", is_power(3, 3))#using print method that calls is_power which accepts two parameter

Output:

Please find the attached file.

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