Answer:
The null hypothesis is incorrect.
Explanation:
The null hypothesis is incorrect because the average number of bacteria did not remain the same at the source and at the outlet. We know that bacteria reproduce in a very less time and they use reproduction methods such as binary and multiple fission so with the passage of time, the population of bacteria increases and did not remain the same at the source and at the outlet.
What does environmental quality refer to? Environmental quality refers to the quality of the total environment, including both the natural and the environment.
Answer:
True,
An animal requires, Food, Water, Shelter as basics of life - but I add a third, for social animals; a Mate, Young, or Flock/Herd/Group
DNA and RNA are structurally similar in some ways, but different in others. Identify whether each of the following statements applies to DNA, RNA, both or neither.
1. It can contain the pyrimidine cytosine.
2. It can contain the pyrimidine uracil.
3. This contains the sugar 2'-deoxyribose.
4. In terms of base composition, the %A = %C.
5. This contains the sugar ribose.
6. The bases are attached to sugars in a beta-N-glycosidic linkage.
7. It contains equal amounts of guanine and cytosine.
8. Sugars are connected with a 3'-5' phosphodiether link.
Answer:
Explanation:
1. It can contain the pyrimidine cytosine - Both
2. It can contain the pyrimidine uracil - RNA
3. This contains the sugar 2'-deoxyribose - DNA
4. In terms of base composition, the %A = %C - Neither: %A = %T
5. This contains the sugar ribose - RNA
6. The bases are attached to sugars in a beta-N-glycosidic linkage - Both
7. It contains equal amounts of guanine and cytosine - Both
8. Sugars are connected with a 3'-5' phosphodiether link - Neither: they are connected by a 3'-5' phosphodiester link
characters of a fertile soil
Answer:
There are so many characteristics of fertile soil like: It is rich in nutrients necessary for plant nourish ment. It includes nitrogen , phosphorus and potassium. It consists adequate minerals such as boron, chlorine, cobalt, iron, magnese, sulphur etc.Explanation:
Hope it helps you.You are doing an experiment in which you are using an in vitro translation system derived from rabbit reticulocytes, called a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, to translate mRNA in a test tube. The rabbit reticulocyte lysate contains ribosomes, translation initiation and elongation factors, tRNAs, aminoacyl tRNA synthetases, release factors, amino acids, and ATP. The lysate does not contain any mRNA, so you must add the mRNA you would like to translate to the system. A. When you analyze the proteins made from your lysate, you find that they are all only two amino acids long. At first, you think that there must be a mutation to a stop codon in the position of the third codon, so you do another experiment with a different mRNA. Again, all the newly synthesized proteins are only two amino acids long, so you conclude that there is a problem with some component in your lysate.
Describe ONE possible problem in the translation system (lysate) that would result in the limitation of newly synthesized peptides to two amino acids in length.
Answer:
Problems with transfection efficiency or absence of essential mRNA modifications (capping and poly-A tail)
Explanation:
Translation is the process of protein synthesis from RNA in which the genetic information encoded in a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is translated into a protein sequence composed of amino acids. Translation has three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. During translation, different elements are required to initiate, continue and complete the process, which include essential molecules such as amino acids, mRNA, tRNAs, ribosomes, energy-carrying molecules (i.e., ATP, GTP), initiation factors (i.e., eIF1A, eIF3, etc) and elongation factors (eEF-2, EIF5A). For example, humans can't synthesize nine essential amino acids (i.e., threonine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, valine, methionine, leucine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine), thereby it is imperative to include these amino acids to synthesize proteins composed of them. On the other hand, it is also fundamental to take into account that the efficiency of transfection of the molecules required during translation, as well as the absence of modifications in the mature mRNA sequence, may alter the process in vitro.
The possibility of magnifying contaminating sequences present in a nucleic acid pool is a drawback associated with PCRs high level of sensitivity (i.e., potential for exponential amplification).
A. True
B. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The Polymerase Chain reaction (PCR) is a technique widely used in molecular biology to identify specific DNA fragments generally in a size range of 100 to 1000 base pairs (bp). PCR sensitivity refers to the potential of the PCR technique to specifically amplify the desired sequence in the sample. PCR is a highly sensitive (and also specific) method with values around 100% if the experimental conditions are proper. However, to reach these values, it is imperative to work in optimal conditions by eliminating contaminant factors in the sample which may alter PCR amplification.
explain why a father with blood group AB cannot donate for a child with blood group O when he marries a woman with blood group O
The odds are astronomical for a father with AB(IV) to have an O(I) child. The only possible way for this phenomenon to occur is if there was a nondisjunction in the ovogenesis for the 9th chromosome and the father also had a nondisjunction for the same chromosome(A sperm cell with no 9th chromosome fertilized an ovum with two 9 chromosomes).
A person with AB cannot donate to a person with O because the receiver has antibodies(alpha and beta) that bind to the antigens on the AB blood cells, causing death.
Look at the phylogenetic tree. Do robber crabs have more in common with humans or with sponges? What conclusion can you reach about their evolution?
Answer:
Robber crabs have more in common with humans than sponges.
Explanation:
Robber crabs have more in common with humans than sponges because sponges don't have tissues. Crabs and humans have specialised tissue.
Answer:
Hope this helps! From Plato
Explanation:
Robber crabs have more in common with humans, which are vertebrates. Sponges are simple organisms that don’t have tissues. Crabs and humans have specialized cells and tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a coelom. According to the phylogenetic tree, vertebrates and arthropods have more nodes, or common ancestors, than crabs have with sponges.
A 26-week-old baby was brought to the pediatric clinic because of increasing lethargy and cyanosis. The infant has been in good health at birth, and the mother had attempted breast-feeding. A blood sample was collected and a positive test for methemoglobinemia was obtained. The baby then was treated with intravenous ascorbate and methylene blue. Within 2 days the child was alert, and the cyanosis had disappeared. It is known that methemoglobin has absorption spectra maxima at 500 nm and 631 nm.
Answer the following questions:
a. What is the chemical difference between hemoglobin and methemoglobin, and how do their oxygen capacities compare?
b. How do you analyze the sample blood to detect methemoglobin?
c. What is the cause of the cyanosis associated with toxic methemoglobinemia?
d. What is the biochemical basis for treatment of toxic methemoglobinemia with ascorbate and methylene blue?
Answer:
a,
This is due to differences in the oxidation states of Fe. atoms present in the two protein pigments.
Generally,the Fe2+ atom in the heme groups is responsible for the oxygen carrying capacities of haemoglobin in RBC.However,in +2 state that Fe carry oxygen through cooperative binding in the blood.When methemoglobin is formed the Fe exits in +3,and therefore can not bind oxygen. Methemoglobin is a mettaloprotein of Fe3+ states. It results from the oxidation of Fe atoms in Hb from Fe2+ to Fe3+ states,during exposure to certain medications,and some nitrate,certain dyes and some compounds.
This can be conducted with CO-oximeter.This is a device used to measure the blood percentage oxygen saturation levels.It conduct this by measuring the oxygen carrying capacity of haemoglobin in a blood sample. Since oxygen saturation levels of a blood sample depends on the amount of Hb,therefore by passing some wavelengths of light across the blood samples,The more the wavelength of lights absorbed by the blood samples, the more the percentage saturation of the blood sample with oxygen,and therefore the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood,thus more Hb.
Hence, if the blood sample absorbs wavelength of light in the range of (500 nm and 631 nm.) it shows that little Hb is present in the blood samples,and the blood should contain Methemoglobin of Fe3+ and not Hb.
Methemoglobinemia is a condition in which methmoglobin concentration of the blood rises,due to the higher percentage of Hb,with F3+( of poor oxygen carrying capacity or uncoupling ) compare to normal F2+ for carrying oxygen. Since these can not transport oxygen,Cyanosis results as the baby turns blue,with lack of oxygen.
Since the rise in the concentration of methmoglobin is the major cause of this condition,reduction of it concentration is the primary step.Therefore, the Methylene blue role is to reduce the amount of methmoglobin by enzyme NADPH-methemoglobin reductase.This occurs with 10-60mints after administration.Thus the concentration of these pigment is reduced,likewise its toxic levels.
Ascorbate can also be used,however a lot of doses is required for this to have a significant effects,and compare to Methylene blue it is less effective.,
Explanation
The iris in the human eye contracts and expands, controlling the amount of light that reaches the retina. What types of muscle control this?To which skeletal system does the sternum belong?
Answer:
1. sphincter muscle and dilator muscle
2. Axial skeleton
Explanation:
1.The iris in the human eye is responsible for controlling the exposure of of light that reaches the retina. The movement of iris is controlled by a muscles called sphincter muscle and dilator muscle. sphincter muscle constricts the pupil in bright light while dilator muscle expands the pupil.
2. Sternum belongs to the axial skeleton, which is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest. Axial skeleton consists of 80 bones and strenum is one of them. Axial skeleton functions to provide protection to vital organs such as brain, heart and lungs. Strenum functions to protect heart.
Which of these is an example of a haploid cell?
Answer:
Gametes
Explanation:
Gametes are an example of a haploid cell and are produced as a result of meiosis.
Which of the following does NOT contribute to bacteria's large diversity Small size, Ability to reproduce quickly, Diverse habitats, None of the above
During osmosis Group of answer choices pure solvent and a solution both diffuse at the same time through a membrane.
During osmosis A) pure solvent diffuses through a membrane but solutes do not. B) pure solutes diffuse through a membrane but solvent does not. C) pure solvent and a solution both diffuse at the same time through a membrane. D) gases diffuse through a membrane into a solution and build up pressure.
Answer:
Explanation:A.
The net movements of solvent from the region of higher water potential (solvent) to a region of lower water potential(solute) through a semipermeable membrane is called osmosis. It is a peocess where the solute dissolved in the solvent and the resulting solution pass the selective permeable membrane,A selective permeable is the type which allows water,gases, and non polar molecules to pass through, but restrict polar and other large molecules through its walls.
Generally during osmosis,the water molecules and solute molecules interacts.These interaction ,due to dipole dipole effects of the water molecules, reduced the pressure of water on the solute in solution .Consequently, the water molecule of the pure water (the solvent )exerts more pressure on the weaker solution i,e higher water potential
Hence,this pressure forces water molecules across the semi permeable membrane,from higher water potential to lower water potential.It is the major biological process of plants and animals.
Which of the following processes requires energy from the cell?
A.
Osmosis
B.
Active transport
C.
Diffusion
D.
Passive transport
The following processes requires energy from the cell - B. active transport
Active transport is used by cells to get required molecules such as glucose and amino acids. It requires energy in form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is known as primary active transport.
Active Transport works against the concentration gradient and therefore needs energy.Passive transport such as Diffusion and Osmosis, from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration without the need for energyThus, the following processes requires energy from the cell - B. active transport.
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Part D
Cervical pregnancies are extremely rare. Women undergoing cervical pregnancies often experience unusual vaginal bleeding. In extreme cases, they may require a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus). Why do you think the symptoms and risk occurs with this type of ectopic pregnancy?
Answer
The places where the fertilized egg got implanted are not appropriate
for the fetus´ development. These places lack space and needed tissues.
Explanation:
Ectopic pregnancies occur most often in the Fallopian tubes, which are the structures that transport the eggs from the ovaries to the uterus. But some other times, ectopic pregnancies might also occur in ovaries, abdominal cavity, or in the cervix.
These pregnancies are not viable, this means that the fertilized egg can not survive. However, the firsts stages of its development seem to be normal and involve an increase in tissues surrounding the egg.
As the places where the egg got implanted are not prepared for its development, they might be harmed. These areas do not have enough space, nor nutritional tissues needed by the embryo. And as the fetus grows, it creates a constant pressure in the organ, that can make it burst. This provokes important bleeding that might cause the patient´s death if they are not properly assisted.
At first, the woman might feel the normal symptoms of pregnancy, like the lack of the period during the firsts months or breast sensitivity. But as the egg grows in the inappropriate place, there appear some new signs and symptoms, such as a light bleeding or pelvic pain. If the organ bursts, the bleeding might be so intense that the woman might be in danger.
Answer:
Bleeding would occur because the baby is growing near the vaginal canal, which leads to the outside of the body. The cervix is the bottom portion of the uterus, so if the uterus is damaged, the entire uterus may need to be removed.
Explanation:
answer from Plato
for edmentum
Which of the following vessels do not have the ability to constrict and dilate? Arterioles Arteries Capillaries Veins
Answer:
capillaries
Explanation:
they don't need to constrict or dilate as the blood pressure is already low in capillaries.
How is an actual greenhouse similar to the natural greenhouse effect?
Explanation:
That's because the glass walls of the greenhouse trap the Sun's heat. The greenhouse effect works much the same way on Earth. Gases in the atmosphere, such as carbon dioxide, trap heat just like the glass roof of a greenhouse.
Predict what will happen as more time passes? (To Earth)
Which statement best describes how Watson and Crick's model used other scientists work to create a model of DNA?
They used Chargaff's rule to determine that it contains ribose sugar
O They used Franklin's photo to determine that DNA was a double helix.
They used Levene's work to determine the number of base pairs in each strand.
O They used Nirenberg and Matthei's studies to determine that DNA is made of nucleotides.
Answer:
b.
Explanation:
They used Franklin's photo to determine that DNA was a double helix.
The best statement that describes how Watson and Crick's model used other scientists' work to create a model of DNA can be seen in the second Option.
They used Franklin's photo to determine that DNA was a double helix.
The early 1950s saw the development of the renowned model of the DNA double helix by American scientist James Watson and British physicist Francis Crick. They were the explorers to pass the finishing line in this scientific race.
Rather than doing fresh tests and experiments in the lab, Watson and Crick primarily gathered and evaluated existing data, combining it in novel and illuminating ways.
Franklin was a specialist in X-ray crystallography, a sophisticated approach for identifying molecular structures. When an X-ray beam strikes the crystallized form of a molecule, e.g the DNA, part of the rays are redirected and diverted by the atoms in the crystal, creating a diffraction pattern that unveils data information regarding the structure of the molecule.
Franklin's crystallography provided crucial hints to Watson and Crick on the structure of the DNA model. Some of them originated from Franklin's extraordinarily clear and stunning X-ray diffraction photo of DNA.
According to the work of Phoebus Levene, Levene only posits that the DNA was formed of subunits called nucleotides.
Erwin Chargaff speaks volumes on the determination of the composition of ribose sugar bases.
Therefore, we can conclude that Watson and Crick knew about all these Phoebus Levene and Erwin Chargaff postulates and experiments but it was Franklin's work on X-ray diffraction photos of DNA that gave them a crucial hint to create a model for the DNA.
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forks over knives movie
1. Do you feel that eliminating all "animal-based foods" is the solution to reverse and prevent the chronic diseases that afflict most Americans and other industrialized nations?
2. Do you feel that government agencies, like the USDA, promote eating an animal-based diet? Why or why not?
3. Given this "sudden epidemic" of obesity in America within the last 30 years, do you feel the main cause of our "growing nation" is due to an animal-based diet, increased consumption of processed foods and refined sugars, or a decline in physical activity?
4. Do you feel the success of the patients was due to a) the increased amount of fruits/vegetables and plants or b) the elimination of meats or c) a combination of both? Why? Use information we've learned in class to justify your answer.
5. What part of the movie really stood out to you (good or bad) and why? Be very specific. This is where you show me you paid attention to the entire documentary.
Answer:
1. Yes
2. No
3. Yes
Explanation:
Yes, the elimination of the animal based foods decreases and reduce chronic diseases in many developed countries such as US and England etc. but meat is also very necessary for animal diet due to the presence of high protein content.
No, USDA does not promote the intake of an animal-based diet. this agency promote the intake of nutritious food in a limited amount so it does not cause any disease. They recommend the eating of Grains, Fruits, Protein, Foods, Vegetables and Dairy products in a limited amount.
Yes, the main cause of obesity in Americans is due to two reasons, first cause is the intake of meat in large amount and second cause is the decline in physical activity.
The success of the patients was due to combined effect of increased amount of fruits/vegetables and plants and the elimination of meats. By using these two element the patient will quickly recovered.
Why does deleting just one nucleotide cause a dramatic change in the amino acid sequence produced by translation
Answer:
The deletion changes the genetic code.
Explanation:
The sequence of nucleotides determines the order of amino acids in a protein, the order of amino acids determines the shape and the shape determines the function. A very good example of one misplaced nucleotide having tremendous effects is sickle cell disease, where thymine is replaced with adenine(CAC instead of CTC). It means that glutamic acid is replaced with valine. This alters the shape of the protein(Beta chain of hemoglobin). So the red blood cells are deformed and carry a lot less oxygen leading to a lot of symptoms just because of one misplaced letter.
Question 8 (5 points)
Which of the following best describes the mechanism by anti depressant
medications function?
Provide a positive rush of the neurotransmitter dopamin-
Made of artificial neurotransmitters that generate exciter
O Allow the body to prochyce more neurotransmitters such a
serotonin
Answer:
Help maintain a balance in neurotransmitters such as serotonin
Explanation:
Anti-depressant medications help the body maintain a balanced, homeostasis level of neurotransmitters, often serotonin.
A mutation causes a sequence of DNA that has the nucleotides TTG to be changed to TCG. The resulting protein has a different sequence of amino acids. Which type of mutation is this?
Answer:
subtitution mutation
Explanation:
The T in the middle is subtituted with C.
Hope it helps.
Answer:
The answer is A, missense.
Explanation:
I'm confused on labelling the stages of mitosis in these onion cells. I know what these stages look like illustrated in the textbook, but am confused when looking at actual slides of cells. Can anyone help? Photo is attached.
Answer:
Hello. I numbered your cells to make it easier to name them. The image with the numbers is attached.
cell 1: Interphase.
Cell 2: Telophase.
Cell 3: Metaphase.
Cell 4: Prophase
Cell 5: Interphase.
Cell 6: Anaphase.
Explanation:
In the interphase, it is possible to notice that the cell increased its volume, due to the increase in the size of the organelles and the increase in the number of the organelles, which indicates the beginning of the cell cycle.
Prophase is really the beginning of the cell cycle. At that moment, you can see that the nuclear membrane has been disorganized and we can see a 'tangle' of the cell interior that is very full and disorganized. This is mainly because the material present in the nucleol spreads through the cell.
In the metaphase, the chromosomes are condensed and start to connect to each other forming the spindle fibers, which are located right in the middle of the cell, forming the equatorial plate.
In anaphase there is a rupture of the centromeres and sister chromatids. Each part of these elements migrates to one of the poles of the cell. This is mainly due to the shortening of the spindle fibers.
Telophase is the final phase of the cell cycle, at that moment, the spindle fibers disappear, the chromosomes are condensed and the nuclear membrane is reconstructed. However, the cell has not yet separated and it is possible to see two nuclei in a single cell, each nucleus is at a pole, indicating that the division will occur.
Which feature separates humans from other primates? smaller brain size bipedalism use of tools complex social skills
Answer:
Bipedalism.
Explanation:
Bipedalism is a human's ability in which they can use their two hind legs to run or walk without the help of their front limbs, unlike other primates.
Answer:
Bipedalism
Explanation:
i took the test and failed
help asap giving branlist and 50 points!!!!!!!!!
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{Option \ 2}[/tex]
Explanation:
=> In the first graph, we come to know that winters are colder and summers are hotter.
=> In the second graph, winters have more precipitation than summer.
=> On the whole, Winters have lower temperature and more precipitation than summers. ← [Option 2]
=> Summers have high temperatures and less precipitation.
Answer:
[tex]\boxed{\sf Option \ 2}[/tex]
Explanation:
We can see in the first graph that the winter months have a lower temperature compared to the summer months. The summer months have higher temperatures.
In the second graph, the winter months have much higher average precipitation compared to the summer months. The summer months have lower average precipitation.
Winters have lower temperatures and more precipitation than summers.
Which is correctly paired?
a. Ascaris - Monoecious
b. Loligo - Conotoxin
c. Ophiuroidea - Autotomy
d. Tridacna Gigas - Gastropod
e. Limulus - Book Lungs
Answer:
The correct option is E: Limulus - Book Lungs
Explanation:
The structure of a book lung is made so as to maximize the efficiency of gaseous exchange in arachnids. An externally located structure, book gills, aids in this process. Limulus are horseshoe crabs that still makes use of book gills. Its a marine creature (an arthopod, to be specific) that has 5 pairs of book gills on its body.
Michael, a new lab analyst, receives an email notifying him that his expected samples from a recent outbreak should be arriving soon. To prepare for his analysis, he decides to look into what type of diseases could be spread between animals and humans, as this is a new field for him. Michael has received limited information about the details of the outbreak from the epidemiologists that traveled to the site, but he does know that both animals and humans were infected by some type of virus. Michael looks through some of the lab manuals on how the samples will be handled once in the lab. While reading through these guidelines, he realizes that there are some terms he is not quite sure of. Below are sentences that reflect the terms that Michael had to acquaint himself with while reading through the published guidelines from his laboratory.
Please review the sentences below and fill in the blanks with the correct word(s).
A. arthropods
B. togaviruses
C. encephalitis
D. flaviviruses
E. zoonosis
1. A virus that is able to be transmitted via________ like ticks, flies, and mosquitoes is considered a(n)_______
2. Some arboviruses are able to move through the bloodstream and infect the brains of humans and arbovirus animals. This disease manifestation is called_________
3. A________ is a disease that can be transmitted from animals to humans.
4. Several encephalopathies, such as Eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile virus encephalitis, are caused by the_______ animals such as horses and birds. These viruses can infect humans and animals
1.A arthropods
2.C encephalitis
3.E zoonosis
4.C togaviruses
CH 7 What will be the effect if a
toxin make a pore ( o ) in the
inner membrane of the
mitochondria
Answer:
Mitochondria is known as the powerhouse of the cell as it provides energy to the cell for performing different functions.
If a toxin causes pore in the inner membrane of the mitochondria and increases the permeability of the mitochondrial membranes. The permeability of mitochondrial membranes leads to mitochondrial swelling and causes cell death through necrosis and apoptosis.
A person who has Diabetes has difficulty controlling the glucose levels in their blood and must take Insulin to regulate it. Which characteristic of life do they need assistance with?
Based on the given information I believe this will help:
Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).
If you have more sugar in your body than it needs, insulin helps store the sugar in your liver and releases it when your blood sugar level is low or if you need more sugar, such as in between meals or during physical activity.
If your body does not produce enough insulin or your cells are resistant to the effects of insulin, you may develop hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), which can cause long-term complications if the blood sugar levels stay elevated for long periods of time.
Treatment:
People with type diabetes cannot make insulin because the beta cells in their pancreas are damaged or destroyed. Therefore, these people will need insulin injections to allow their body to process glucose and avoid complications from hyperglycemia.
Which feature separates humans from other primates? smaller brain size bipedalism use of tools complex social skills
Answer:
Complex social skills
Explanation:
Answer:
Complex social skills.
Explanation:
Humans actually have larger brains than other primates, so smaller brain size is incorrect.
Other primates, such as chimpanzees, orangutans, and gorillas, all have the ability to use tools, so that is incorrect.
Some primates, such as chimps and baboons, do stand on their hind legs at times, so bipedalism does not separate humans from other primates.
So, complex social skills separate humans from primates.
Hope this helps!