Why the energy difference between the removal of the 2nd and 3rd electrons is smaller than that between the removal of the 3rd the 4th electrons ?

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

Let us remember the fact that electrons actually repel each other in the atom. The more the number of electrons, the greater the repulsion experienced.

Hence, as electrons are successively removed from the atom at each stage of ionization, the magnitude of repulsion due to the presence of more electrons decreases as further electrons are removed, ionization energy consequently increases. Thus, the energy difference between  the removal of the 2nd and 3rd electrons is smaller than that between the removal of the 3rd the 4th electrons.

Sometimes, when the removal of the 4th electron has to occur in an inner filled shell which is more stable, a far higher amount of energy is required (a quantum jump) compared to the removal of any of the first three electrons that are present in an incompletely filled outermost shell, E.g in aluminium.


Related Questions

8. Which of the following is not considered to be a unicellular organism? O A. Flea O B. Euglena C. Amoeba O D. Paramecium​

Answers

I think it is C. Amoeba

A solution is made by dissolving 4.8 moles of salt in 1.6L of solution. What is the molarity
of the solution?

Answers

Answer:

3M

Explanation:

moles ÷ liters = molarity

4.8 ÷ 1.6 = 3M

What is the limiting reactant and what is the maximum mass of aluminum hydride that can be formed given 3.00 grams of hydrogen and 26.00 grams of aluminum ?

Answers

Answer:

Limiting Reagent = Aluminum

Mass formed = 28.92g (4.s.f.)

Explanation:

Step 1: Write a balanced equation for the reaction

We know that Aluminum hydride is formed from hydrogen and aluminum, so we can put those elements in our equation first:

H2 + Al -> AlH3

*Remember that hydrogen is a diatomic molecule so it is H2.

Now let's balance it! We can see that the Al molecules are balanced but the Hydrogens are not, so we can multiply both molecules by the opposite number:

3H2 + Al -> 2AlH3

Now we have 6 hydrogens on each side, we just add a 2 to balance the aluminum and we have the balanced equation!

3H2 + 2Al -> 2AlH3

Step 2: Convert all values to no. of moles

To do this, we can use the formula:

mass = no. moles x Molar mass

Which we can rearrange to find No. moles = mass/ Molar mass

Hydrogen: 3.00/2.02 = 1.49 moles

Aluminum: 26.00/26.98 = 0.9637 moles

Step 3: Find the Limiting Reagent

Now we choose one (let's use hydrogen) and divide by the co-efficient ratio between the two elements (3H2 for every 2 Al).

1.49 x 2/3 = 0.993 (This is the theoretical amount of Aluminum we need for the amount of hydrogen we have)

Now we compare this number with the actual no. moles of aluminum we have to find the limiting reagent:

0.993 > 0.9637

This means that Aluminum is the limiting reagent. (We are working with 0.9637 moles of Aluminum.)

Step 4: Find amount of product formed

We can use the molar ratio of the balanced equation again to find how much AlH3 is made. The coefficient of Al is the same as the coefficient of AlH3. This means that equal no. if moles are made in the reaction.

This means that 0.9637 moles of Aluminum Hydride is formed in this reaction.

Step 5: Convert back to mass in grams

Now we just need to convert the no. moles back to mass using the same formula:

mass = no. moles x Molar Mass

m = 0.9637 x (26.98 + 3 x 1.01)

m = 0.9637 x 30.01

m = 28.92g (4.s.f.)

Hope this helped!

Determine how many grams of precipitate (solid) will form when 621 g of magnesium
chloride react with excess silver nitrate in the reaction
2 AgNO3(aq) + MgCl(aq) - 2 AgCl(s) + Mg(NO3)2(aq)
NB: Convert to moles, then use your preferred method to get moles AgCl produced
from the given moles of MgCl, then convert moles AgCl produced to grams AgCI.

Answers

Answer:

2,981g

Explanation:

Firstly, we need to find the number of moles of MgCl that we have by using the formula: mass = No. Moles x Molar Mass, which we can rearrange so that we are solving for no. moles:

No. Moles = mass / Molar Mass

We are given a mass of 621g, and we can calculate the molar mass of MgCl by adding the two molar masses together: 24.31+35.45 = 59.76

Now we can calculate number of moles by substituting these values into the formula:

n = 621 / 59.76

No. moles = 10.4

Now we can use the co-efficients in the formula to tell us how many moles of AgCl will be formed. The coefficient of MgCl is 1, and the coefficient of AgCl is 2. This means that every 1 mol of MgCl will form 2 moles of AgCl. So, to find the no. moles of AgCl, we multiply our no. moles by 2:

10.4 x 2 = 20.8 moles

Finally we convert this back into mass by multiplying the no. moles by the Molar mass of AgCl:

m = 20.8 x (107.87+35.45)

m = 2,981g

Please Help!! Please, this is due in a couple of minutes, please help

If 8.51×10-2 moles of SO3(g), 0.210 moles of SO2, and 0.354 moles of O2 are at equilibrium in a 15.4 L container at 1.25×103 K, the value of the equilibrium constant, K, is ____

Answers

Answer: The value of equilibrium constant, K, is [tex]7.74 \times 10^{-4}[/tex].

Explanation:

The reaction equation is as follows.

[tex]2SO_{3}(g) \rightleftharpoons 2SO_{2}(g) + O_{2}(g)[/tex]

Now, the expression for equilibrium constant of this reaction is as follows.

[tex]K = \frac{[SO_{2}]^{2}[O_{2}]}{[SO_{3}]^{2}}[/tex]

Substitute the given values into above expression as follows.

[tex]K = \frac{[SO_{2}]^{2}[O_{2}]}{[SO_{3}]^{2}}\\= \frac{(\frac{0.210}{15.4})^{2} \times (\frac{0.354}{15.4})}{(\frac{8.51 \times 10^{-2}}{15.4})}\\= 7.74 \times 10^{-4}[/tex]

Thus, we can conclude that the value of equilibrium constant, K, is [tex]7.74 \times 10^{-4}[/tex].

How many moles of argon would you have if you have 25 L of argon?

Answers

Answer: 39.948 grams

Explanation:

The SI base unit for amount of substance is the mole. 1 mole is equal to 1 moles Argon, or 39.948 grams

Which example in the video is a physical change?
A) Burning steel wool
B) Mixing chemicals
C) Rusting nail
D) Melting ice cream

Answers

D melting ice cream because if u know what a physical change is its a change that you can reverse chimical change are changes you cant reverse so u can freeze back ice cream so :D

why is mn2+ more stable than mn3+​

Answers

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

Let us closely consider the electronic configuration of manganese atom, Manganese II ion and manganese III ion. This will give a clue of the answer.

Manganese: [Ar] 3d5 4s2

Manganese II: [Ar] 3d5

Manganese III: [Ar] 3d4

Now, let us remember that the d orbital contains a maximum of ten electrons. Hence, the electronic configuration of Mn^2+, [Ar] 3d5 reflects a half filled d- orbital which is known to be unusually stable(half-filled orbitals are known to possess unusual stability just as fully filled orbitals do).

The same can not be said about Mn^3+. Hence, Mn^2+ is more stable than Mn^3+.

After a hurricane, plant A began to do poorly and plant B began to thrive. After several large rainstorms, plant A began to thrive and plant B began to do poorly. What hypothesis is best supported by this information?

Answers

Answer:Plant A does best in high salinity water and soil, and plant B does best in low salinity water and soil.

Explanation: Because plant A in a hurricane dost bad bot Plant B doest well

Answer:

Plant A does best in high salinity water and soil, and plant B does best in low salinity water and soil

Explanation:

This is due to hurricanes decreasing salinity of water while Rainstorms increase salinity.

in your notebook,write the appropriate tempo for the following actions.Then demostrate the actions then,demostrate the action in front of your parents,guardian

Answers

Answer:

cell :—

•They lack a well-defined nucleus, have a nucleoid instead.

•Usually have double-stranded, circular DNA.

•Do not have mitochondria.

Eukaryotic cell :—

•Have a well-defined nucleus enclosed in the nuclear membrane.

•Have a linear double-stranded nucleus.

•Mitochondria are present.

A container of oxygen with a volume of 60 L is heated from 300 K to 400 k, What is the new volume?

Answers

Answer:

80L

Explanation:

V1/T1 = V2/T2

V2 = V1 T2/T1

T1 = 300K

V1 = 60L

T2 = 400K

V2 = ?

V2 = V1 T2/T1

V2 = (60L)(400K) / (300K)

V2 = 80L

State the trend in chemical reactivity as we go down the group for Group I elements Account for
this trend using the electronic structures of the elements.

Answers

Answer: The reactivity of group 1 elements increases as you go down the group because: the atoms become larger. the outer electron becomes further from the nucleus. the force of attraction between the nucleus and the outer electron decreases.

At what temperature will uranium hexafluoride , the densest gas known have the same average speed as a molecule of the lightest gas, hydrogen at 37 degree celcius

Answers

Answer:

the required temperature of uranium hexafluoride is 54156.25 K

Explanation:

Given the data in the question;

We know that average speed is;

u = [tex][ 3RT / MM ]^{1/2[/tex] ----------- let this be equation 1

where MM is the molar mass

T is temperature

R is universal gas constant and u is the average speed.

First we get the average speed of H₂

[tex]U_{H}[/tex]₂ =  [tex][ 3RT_H_2 / MM_H_2 ]^{1/2[/tex] ------ let this be equation 2

Next is the average speed of UF₆

[tex]U_{UF[/tex]₆ = [tex][ 3RT_{UF_6} / MM_{UF_6} ]^{1/2[/tex] ------ let this be equation 3

given that; both have the same average speed, equation 2 = equation 3;

[tex][ 3RT_H_2 / MM_H_2 ]^{1/2[/tex] = [tex][ 3RT_{UF_6} / MM_{UF_6} ]^{1/2[/tex]

we multiply both sides by 1/3R and also square both sides.

[tex][ T_H_2 / MM_H_2 ][/tex] = [tex][ T_{UF_6} / MM_{UF_6} ][/tex]

given that; temperature of hydrogen T[tex]_{H[/tex]₂ = 37°C = ( 37 + 273.15)K = 310.15 K

we know that Molar mass of H₂; MM[tex]_{H[/tex]₂ = 2.016 g/mol  

and molar mass of  UF₆; MM[tex]_{UF[/tex]₆ = 352.02 g/mol

so we substitute

[ 310.15 K / 2.016 g/mol  ] = [ T[tex]_{UF[/tex]₆ / 352.02 g/mol ]

T[tex]_{UF[/tex]₆ = [ 352.02 g/mol  × 310.15 K ] / 2.016 g/mol

T[tex]_{UF[/tex]₆ = 109179.003 K/ 2.016

T[tex]_{UF[/tex]₆ = 54156.25 K

Therefore, the required temperature of uranium hexafluoride is 54156.25 K

calculate the volume occupied by 6.4g of oxygen, 02 at stp?,​

Answers

Answer:

4.9 L O₂

General Formulas and Concepts:

Atomic Structure

Reading a Periodic TableMolesSTP (Standard Conditions for Temperature and Pressure) = 22.4 L per mole at 1 atm, 273 K

Stoichiometry

Using Dimensional Analysis

Explanation:

Step 1: Define

Identify variables

[Given] 6.4 g O₂ at STP

[Solve] L O₂

Step 2: Identify Conversions

[STP] 1 mol = 22.4 L

[PT] Molar Mass of O: 16.00 g/mol

Molar Mass of O₂: 2(16.00) = 32.00 g/mol

Step 3: Convert

[DA] Set up:                                                                                                       [tex]\displaystyle 6.4 \ g \ O_2(\frac{1 \ mol \ O_2}{32.00 \ g \ O_2})(\frac{22.4 \ L \ O_2}{1 \ mol \ O_2})[/tex][DA] Divide/Multiply [Cancel out units]:                                                           [tex]\displaystyle 4.48 \ L \ O_2[/tex]

Step 4: Check

Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 2 sig figs.

4.48 L O₂ ≈ 4.9 L O₂

What speed covers 20 miles in 25 mins?

Answers

Answer:

48 mph

Explanation:

divide time by distance - 20/25 = .8 miles per minute, multiple by 60 to get mph

How many atoms are there in 6.8g of S?

Answers

6.8 g. duhhhhhhhhhhh

Three students measured the volumes of a pebble whose accepted volume is 2.71 cm3. Which list represents both accurate and precise:

A: 2.60 mL, 2.60 mL, 2.59 mL, 2.59 mL

B: 2.70 mL, 2.69 mL, 2.71 mL, 270 mL

C: 2.75 mL, 2.74 mL, 2.64 mL, 2.71 mL

D: A and B

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Convert 100.6 degrees F to
degrees C.
[

Answers

100.6 F is around 38.1 C!

When there is an increase in temperature of a gas in an
enclosed container, the pressure will also increase due to the:

Answers

Answer:increase In kinetic energy of molecules

Explanation:increase in kinetic energy of molecules

When there is an increase in temperature of a gas in an enclosed container, the pressure will also increase due to the increase in the kinetic energy.

What is the relation between temperature and pressure?

Temperature and pressure of gas is directly proportional to each other.

When the temperature of the gas increases, then the kinetic energy of the gas molecules are also increases. Due to increase in the velocity of gas molecules they will collide with each other as a result of which pressure of the gas is aslo increases.

Hence due to increase in kinetic energy, pressure increases.

To know more about kinetic energy, visit the below link:

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Why is carbon dioxide a covalent bond?

Answers

Explanation:

One atom of carbon (2.4) combines with two atoms of oxygen (2.6) to form the compound carbon dioxide CO2 (only the outer shell of carbon's electrons are shown). ... The carbon dioxide molecule is held together by the strong C=O. carbon–oxygen double covalent bonds by sharing electrons.

Many common substances may be classified as acids or bases. Which of
the following statements best describes the materials shown?*

Answers

Answer:

Bleach is more basic while human blood is slightly basic

Explanation:

The higher the number on the pH scale, the more basic. Therefore, since bleach's number is higher than the blood, it is more basic.

Gases at high temperatures and low pressures behave like ideal gases. True or False?

Answers

Answer:

Very true

Explanation:

The pH of a solution is 8. Some hydrochloric acid is added to the solution. Suggest the pH of the solution after mixing. pH=.......??

Answers

Answer:

Probably around 6 because the ph of hydrochloric acid is 3

Explanation:

Al2(SO4)3+Mg(NO3)2⟶ What would be the product(s) of this reaction? *These are NOT balanced, just look for the correct products*

Answers

Answer:

[tex]Al_2(SO_4)_3+3Mg(NO_3)_2\rightarrow 2Al(NO_3)_3+3MgSO_4[/tex]

Explanation:

Hello there!

In this case, for the given reactants side, we infer this is a double replacement reaction because all the cations and anions are switched around as a result of the chemical change, we infer that the products side include aluminum with nitrate and magnesium with sulfate as shown below:

[tex]Al_2(SO_4)_3+Mg(NO_3)_2\rightarrow Al(NO_3)_3+MgSO_4[/tex]

However, we need to balance since unequal number of atoms are present at both sides, thus, we do that as shown below:

[tex]Al_2(SO_4)_3+3Mg(NO_3)_2\rightarrow 2Al(NO_3)_3+3MgSO_4[/tex]

Thus, we make 6 Al atoms, 3 S atoms, 3 Mg atoms and 30 O atoms on each side in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.

Regards!

The molar mass of Cu2CO3 is
a. 123.5 g/mol b. 155.0 g/mol
c. 187.0 g/mol
d. 211.0 g/mol

Answers

Answer:

a because it has a 2 and 3 in ot like it says in the question

It would probably be a

Which description is true of earth’s four layers?

Answers

Answer:

The astenosphere is located below the lithosphere

The mantle is composed of silicate material

Explanation:

The Earth has several different layers, and they can be presented in two different manners, depending on their chemical composition and their physical properties. According to the chemical composition the Earth has three layers, crust, mantle, and core, while in accordance to the physical properties it has five, lithosphere, astenosphere, mesosphere, outer core, and inner core.

The astenosphere is the second layer from the top, and it lies just below the lithosphere. It is also the upper part of the mantle. The mantle is a layer that is largely composed of silicate material, mostly silicate molten rock. It can easily be seen from the volcanic activities that this layer is composed of silicate material because the magma is rich in it, and the magma comes from this layer.

How do movements and interactions of air masses cause change in the weather?

Answers

The way the air moves affects the weather, because winds move heat and cold temperatures as well as moisture from one place to another, transporting conditions from one geographical zone to another. The way winds pass each other, and the direction they move, also affects what weather a region will see on any given day.

Which of the following is NOT a postulate of the Kinetic Molecular Theory?

1. Average Kinetic Energy of the system is a measure of the temperature of the system.
2. Energy is conserved in the collisions between gas molecules..
3. Energy can either be destroyed or created. Its goes from one form to another.
4. Gases travel in straight line until they collide with other gas molecules

Answers

Answer:

"3. Energy can either be destroyed or created. Its goes from one form to another."  

Explanation:

The third answer choice, "3. Energy can either be destroyed or created. Its goes from one form to another. " is related to the Law of Conservation of Energy from thermodynamics. Is it not a postulate of the Kinetic Molecular Theory.

"1. Average Kinetic Energy of the system is a measure of the temperature of the system."

Postulate of Kinetic Molecular Theory [tex]\checkmark[/tex]

The average kinetic energy of the system is measured by its temperature and nothing else

"2. Energy is conserved in the collisions between gas molecules.."

Postulate of Kinetic Molecular Theory [tex]\checkmark[/tex]

All collisions between gas molecules are perfectly elastic, meaning no energy is lost

"3. Energy can either be destroyed or created. Its goes from one form to another.

[tex]\times[/tex] NOT a Postulate of Kinetic Molecular Theory

Related to Conservation of Energy from thermodynamics

"4. Gases travel in straight line until they collide with other gas molecules"

Postulate of Kinetic Molecular Theory [tex]\checkmark[/tex]

All gas molecules will travel in a straight line until they collide with other gas molecules or some object (e.g. a container)

WHO KNOWS HOW TO DO THISSS NEED HELP RN PLS

Li PO4 + AlF →

Answers

Explanation:

Your chemical equation should look like this:

Li3PO4 + AlF3 --> 3LiF + AlPO4

This is the balanced equation for a double-displacement reaction

What is the mole to mole ratio of oxygen to water for the equation below?
C7H16 + 11 O2 -> 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
a. 11:8
b. 8:11
c. 1:11
d. 11:1

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

because

O2 : H2O

11 : 8

hope this helps:)

The mole to mole ratio of oxygen to water for the chemical equation given is 11:8.

What is a mole?

Mole is defined as the unit of amount of substance . It is the quantity measure of amount of substance of how many elementary particles are present in a given substance.

It is defined as exactly 6.022×10²³ elementary entities. The elementary entity can be a molecule, atom ion depending on the type of substance. Amount of elementary entities in a mole is called as Avogadro's number.

It is widely used in chemistry as a suitable way for expressing amounts of reactants and products.For the practical purposes, mass of one mole of compound in grams is approximately equal to mass of one molecule of compound measured in Daltons. Molar mass has units of gram per mole . In case of molecules, where molar mass  in grams present in one mole  of atoms is its atomic mass.

Learn more about mole,here:

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