Why is protein synthesis different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

A few aspects of protein synthesis are actually less complex in eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, mRNA is polycistronic and may carry several genes that are translated to give several proteins. In eukaryotes, each mRNA is monocistronic and carries only a single gene, which is translated into a single protein.


Related Questions

up to about three thousand million years ago there was no oxygen in Earth's atmosphere today about one-fifth of the atmosphere is oxygen gas. suggest what caused this change???


pls help​

Answers

Answer:

Oxygen makes up about one-fifth the volume of Earth'­s atmosphere today, and is a central element of life as we know it.

But that wasn'­t always the case. Oxygen, although always present in compounds in Earth'­s interior, atmosphere, and oceans, did not begin to accumulate in the atmosphere as oxygen gas (O2) until well into the planet'­s history. What the atmosphere was like prior to oxygen'­s rise is a puzzle that Earth scientists have only begun to piece together.

Earth coalesced a little more than 4.5 billion years ago from bits of cosmic debris. Liquid oceans existed on the planet almost from the beginning, although in all likelihood they were repeatedly vaporized by the massive meteorites that regularly clobbered the planet during its first 700 million years of existence. Things had settled down by 3.8 billion years ago, when the first rocks that formed under water appear in the geologic record. (They exist in what is now southwest Greenland.)

If Earth had water, it must have had an atmosphere, and if it had an atmosphere, it must have had a climate. What was Earth'­s early atmosphere made of? Nitrogen (N2), certainly. Nitrogen makes up the bulk of today'­s atmosphere and likely has been around since the beginning. Water vapor (H2O), probably from volcanic emissions. Carbon dioxide (CO2), also emitted by volcanic eruptions, which were plentiful at that time. And methane (CH4), generated inside the Earth and possibly also by methane-producing microbes that thrived on and in the seafloor, as they do today.

Carbon dioxide, water vapor, and methane played an important role in Earth'­s subsequent development. Four billion years ago, the Sun was 30 percent dimmer, and therefore colder, than it is today. Under such conditions, Earth'­s water should have been frozen, yet clearly it wasn'­t. The water vapor, carbon dioxide, and methane acted as greenhouse gases, trapping heat and insulating the early Earth during a critical period in its development.

Of oxygen, meanwhile, the early atmosphere held barely a trace. What did exist likely formed when solar radiation split airborne molecules of water (H2O) into hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). Hydrogen, a lightweight gas, would have risen above the atmosphere and slowly been lost to space. The heavier oxygen gas, left behind, would have quickly reacted with atmospheric gases such as methane or with minerals on Earth'­s surface and been drawn out of the atmosphere and back into the crust and mantle. Oxygen could only begin to accumulate in the atmosphere if it was being produced faster than it was being removed'—in other words, if something else was also producing it.

That something was life. Although the fossil evidence is sketchy, methane-producing microbes may have inhabited Earth as long ago as 3.8 billion years. By 2.7 billion years ago, a new kind of life had established itself: photosynthetic microbes called cyanobacteria, which were capable of using the Sun'­s energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into food with oxygen gas as a waste product. They lived in shallow seas, protected from full exposure to the Sun'­s harmful radiation. (To learn more about these organisms and the fossil evidence for them, watch the accompanying video "Early Fossil Life.")

Which of the following limiting factors would have the least affect on poulation size?

A.
drought
B.
succession
C.
wildfire

D.
decomposition

Answers

Answer: D

Explanation:

how you think reproduction differs among these four animals.
a. bird. b. human c. ants d. sea stars

Answers

Answer:

c

Explanation:

Where on Earth can you find collision zones?

Answers

Answer:

You can find collision zones on the edge of the Pacific Ocean offshore Washington, Canada, Alaska, Russa, Japan, and Indonisa.

Explanation:

how would you describe the motion of a transverse wave

Answers

Answer:

Transverse wave, motion in which all points on a wave oscillate along paths at right angles to the direction of the wave's advance. ... Surface ripples on water, seismic S (secondary) waves, and electromagnetic (e.g., radio and light) waves are examples of transverse waves.

Explanation:

hope it helps you.

Judy took some dead grass and soaked it in water for a few days. Then she looked at it under a microscope. She saw some tiny things moving around under the microscope. How could Judy tell whether what she was looking at were living things? Check all of the following that could be used to decide whether the things Judy saw were living. (

Answers

Answer:

Living Cells created from the dead grass

Explanation:

Because the water has nutrients.

4) What is the most important chemical made during the light-independent reactions? It stores the energy that came from the sun.

Answers

The Calvin Cycle

Once in the mesophyll cells, CO2 diffuses into the stroma of the chloroplast, the site of light-independent reactions of photosynthesis.

1. Many early farmers of the Western U.S. plains believed a theory called
"Rain Follows the Plow." What was the problem with this theory?
5 points
a. Farming actually makes it rain less, not more.
b. The climate at the time farming took place was not any different than normal.
c. The usually high precipitation during this period of early farming and settling was a
coincidence
d. This theory is actually true. Farming and settling an area makes it rain more
frequently

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

because when you plough your field for crops to grow rain falls for the crops to yeild well

What 2 things must pass out of the nuclear pores?

Answers

Answer:

The two things that must pass through nuclear pores are small polar molecules, ions, and macromolecules (proteins and RNAs)

Explanation:

Answer:

small molecuels and ions

Explanation:

what makes the red blood cell special, why is it special, how is it different than other cells, what is its primary function. (Minimum 5 sentences)

Answers

Red blood cells carry oxygen from our lungs to the rest of our bodies. It carries a special protein called haemoglobin, which helps carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body, it has no nucleus and can easily change shape

I hope that helped :(

please help, give explanation please!

Answers

Answer:

1. 0 chance (0%)

2. 2 chances (50%)

3. 4 chances (100%)

Explanation:

the way a punnet square works is that you basically multiply two genes. for example:

    b   b

B Bb Bb  

b bb bb  

then, if it's uppercase, it is dominant. if it's dominant, it will take over the recessive gene. if it was Bo, B being brown and dominant, and o being recessive and orange, then brown would take over. there are also cases with codominant but that's not in the question. feel free to ask me anything about this.

ill give brainliest to anyone who helps me with this
Describe the processes of transcription and translation in your own words
Terms to use in your answer: amino acid, anticodon, codon, gene, messenger RNA, nucleotide, ribosome, RNA, RNA polymerase, transcription, transfer RNA, translation.

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

The genes in DNA encode protein molecules, which are the "workhorses" of the cell, carrying out all the functions necessary for life. For example, enzymes, including those that metabolize nutrients and synthesize new cellular constituents, as well as DNA polymerases and other enzymes that make copies of DNA during cell division, are all proteins.

In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, and this multilayered process has two major steps. In the first step, the information in DNA is transferred to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription. During transcription, the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base-pairing, and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule, which is then processed to form mature mRNA (Figure 1). The resulting mRNA is a single-stranded copy of the gene, which next must be translated into a protein molecule.

all of the following will take place during the first trimester except?
a. heartbeat can be detected
b. external sex organs show the sex of the baby
c. lenses of the eye appear
d. wake and sleep cycles become regular

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

the correct answer is b

Which of the following is true about self-disclosure?
It involves sharing secrets and gossip about friends and acquaintances.
It mostly involves story telling.
It is a key element in unhealthy communication.
It involves sharing feelings and information as a means of getting to know a
person

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

it involves sharing feelings and information as a means of getting to know a person

What happens as a direct result of of a species' extinction?
A. Loss of Biodiversity
B. Habitat Loss
C. Climate Change
D. Ecosystem Balance

Answers

He is right, it’s A. loss of Biodiversity.

The agricultural research facility during a research accidentally changed the DNA sequence of a wheat plant from GCCATGTT to GCGTACTT and this mutation resulted in a stronger plant variety. What kind of mutation did the plant undergo? A. inversion B. substitution C. insertion

Answers

Answer:

Substitution!

Explanation:

The researcher substituted GCCATGTT for GCGTACTT. The underlined section is what was changed. Hope this helps!

Yellowstone National Park has 124 wolves living in it.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\huge\boxed{B}[/tex]

Explanation:

You basically have to divide 124 and 3472.

124 ÷ 3472 = 0.0357

0.0357 wolves/mi^2

Therefore your answer would be letter b.

Good luck!~

What organelle wouldn’t have a job if the smooth and rough ER didn’t work?

Answers

Answer: The Golgi apparatus.

Explanation: I believe it is the Golgi apparatus as the Rough ER and Smooth ER create proteins and sort them in to piles before sending to the Golgi apparatus to deliver.

The Smooth ER and Rough ER are like the suppliers while the Golgi apparatus is like the transporter.

Remember: Proteins have many functions and are needed severely to perform those actions that without the Golgi apparatus, those proteins wouldn’t be able to be transported.

5. The structures pictured in Fig. 1 are found on the undersurface of a leaf.
What is the name and function of these structures?

Please i really need help because i’m french and it’s hard

Answers

Answer:

I think the black ones are stomata or guard cells and they are attached on epidermis

Stomata is used for breathing and epidermis is the skin(outer layer) of plants

Explanation:

I hope this helps a little please give me brainliest

Answer:

epidermis

provides barrier against injury and water loss

guard cells

surrounds stomata also closes and opens stomata

stomata

allows gaseous exchange

Explanation:

its biology, help please :) ​

Answers

Answer:

phosphate molecules

fats (I think)

two

These organisms are so important for an ecosystem that their removal would cause the entire ecosystem to change.

Answers

Answer:

keystone species

Explanation:

HELP I really need an answer for this!! Does anyone know?

Enzyme X catalyzes the conversion of substrate A into product B. If you wanted to use enzyme X to catalyze a different reaction, the new substrate would have the best chance of working with enzyme X if it has the same

A. charge as substrate A

B atomic composition but different structure as substrate A.

C. molecular weight as substrate A.

Dthree-dimensional shape and charge distribution as A.​

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

How has the poison changed the concentration of pyruvate, NADH and intermembrane H+ in Jared’s cells?

Answers

Answer:

no change,  increase, decrease

Explanation:

I just did it

Cyanide interrupts the electron transporter chain. Pyruvate concentration DOES NOT CHANGE. NADH concentration INCREASES in the matrix, and H+ concentration DECREASES in the intermembrane space.

-----------------------------------

Let us firts make a quick revision of aerobic respiration.

Through cellular respiration, cells degrade organic compounds and produce energy.

Aerobic respiration takes place in three steps:

1)  Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm, and its final product is Pyruvate.

2) The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondria matrix.

3) The electron transporter chain is placed in the internal mitochondrial membrane.

                                           

                                              *******************

We already know that cyanide affects the electron transporter chain. So, let us focus on its functioning under normal conditions and under the cyanide effect.

⇒  Under normal conditions,

ATP is produced at the end of the electron transporter chain.

• The electron transporter chain constitutes a series of enzymatic reactions to release and save energy for the correct functioning of the organism.

• Along the chain, there are four proteinic complexes in the membrane, I, II, III, and IV, that contain the electrons transporters and the enzymes necessary to catalyze the electrons' transference from one complex to the other.

Cytochrome oxidase (P450) is one of the enzymes involved in this electron transport.

NADH and FADH2 provide electrons to the chain.

• While electrons move along the chain, complexes I, III, and IV pump protons to the intermembrane space.

• At the end of the chain, water molecules and ATP are produced.  

⇒  Under cyanide effect,

• Ion cyanide inhibits cellular respiration.

• Cyanide binds to the ferric ion of cytochrome oxidase.

Cyanide-ferric binding inactivates the enzyme and blocks electron transference.

• The chain is interrupted. Hence,

NADH and FADH2 stop providing electrons, complexes I, II, and IV stop pumping protons to the intermembrane space, there is no oxygen consumption and no ATP production.

• Since muscles do not get to have ATP as a source of energy, they weaken.

• The interruption of the electron transporter chain produces an anaerobic state that could be culminating.

                                        *************************

Now, let us answer the question

Pyruvate concentration  ⇒ NO CHANGE

Since Pyruvate is produced in the cytoplasm, it is not affected by cyanide. Remember that cyanide only affects the electron transporter chain.

NADH concentration ⇒ INCREASE

Since NADH provides electrons to the chain, and Cyanide interrupts electron transport, there is an accumulation of NADH molecules in the matrix.

Intermembrane H+ concentration ⇒ DECREASE

Since the electron transporter chain is interrupted, no electrons are being carried, and no protons are being pumped to the intermembrane space.

--------------------------------------------

Related link: https://brainly.com/question/13975046?referrer=searchResults

                     https://brainly.com/question/24372542?referrer=searchResults

If one was able to view the individual particles in each of these substances, which particles would appear to be moving the FASTEST?
A) the water molecules in a sheet of ice
B) the neon plasma in a fluorescent 'Open' sign
C) the atoms in the liquid mercury of a thermometer
D) the carbon dioxide molecules in the fizz of a cola drink

Answers

Answer:

D and A are devently slow My guess would be B or C, since a neon sign usually turn on instantly (or technical within mil a seconds) Its probably the fastest

my guess is C

7) Select 2 that apply.
Which nucleotides can pair together? Select all that apply.
please help

Answers

Answer:

Adenine(a) and Thymine(t), Cytosine(c) and Guanine(g)

Explanation:

Don’t know if you like sports or not but try this.
Adenine and Thymine: Alabama plays against Tennessee. Cytosine and Guanine: Clemson against Georgia.

What would most likely happen to a person who is not getting enough essential amino acids in his or her diet?

The body would synthesize the amino acids.
Muscle growth and repair would be limited.
Stored protein would break down.
The formation of proteins would increase.

Answers

Answer:

Muscle growth and repair would be limited

Explanation:

plz give me brainiest

Essential amino acids are the vital nutrients required by the body. The deficiency of the amino acids in the diet will limit the growth and repair of the muscles. Thus, option B is correct.

What are the essential amino acids?

Essential amino acids are the amino acids that are not synthesized by the body and instead are taken from external sources in the diet. Some of the essential amino acids include histidine, lysine, valine, phenylalanine, etc.

The essential amino acids improve the musculoskeletal and the immune system along with stimulating the growth and production of hormones.

If the diet lacks the essential amino acids then the repair mechanism and the growth of the body will be limited as they are not synthesized by the body.

Therefore, the absence of essential amino acids limits muscular growth and repair.

Learn more about essential amino acids here:

https://brainly.com/question/17101933

#SPJ2

PLEASE HELP I WILL GIVE YOU MULTIPLE BRAINLYS ON DIFFRENT POSTS!!!!!!!

Answers

Explanation:

hy i can help you but what we have to do in that pdf

edicted answer - oh! i got that

Here I cant see the pic
I saw from the comments
Can u mark me as brainliest
Stay safe !

HELP ME, PLEASE;(

describe the significance of mitosis for unicellular algae.​

Answers

Answer:

Mitosis plays an important part in the life cycle of most living things, though to varying extents. In unicellular organisms such as bacteria, mitosis is a type of asexual reproduction, making identical copies of a single cell. In multicellular organisms, mitosis produces more cells for growth and repair.

Explanation:

May it helps

Which statement best compares the amount of fossil fuels formed each year to the amount used each year?

The amount of fossil fuels formed is exactly the same as the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is approximately the same as the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is much less than the amount used.
The amount of fossil fuels formed is greater than the amount used.

Answers

Answer: C

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Answer:

c

Explanation:

give them brainliest but i just took the test

and it was right

What are some positive and negotiate things about the human reproductive system? (3 reasons for each please)

Answers

Answer:

Positive:

- offspring are all different, therefore more genetic variations that will increase survival.

- diversity

Negative:

- two partners are involved

- undesirable traits could be inherited by the offspring

I hope this helps I’m sorry I couldn’t think of three for each

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