Why do vinyl raincoats become brittle as they get old, even if they are not exposed to air or to any pollutants

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

The substances made from polyvinyls are generally brittle and hard. This property prevails because the polymer strands present in the polyvinyls form a very regular and well-organized packing composition in the solid-state. The Van der Waals associations between the strands make the substance brittle. To make the substance soft and suitable to use as a raincoat, the incorporation of small molecules is done within the molten polymer before the hardening of the plastic.

These polymer strands act as plasticizers and prevent the strands of polymer from forming a hard and brittle conformation.


Related Questions

if irons temperature goes from 50c to 75c in a 20g sample, how many joules of heat were used?
A. 460
B. 690
C. 75,000
D. 230
E. 34,500
Please help I’ll mark Brainlyist!

Answers

Answer:

Option D. 230 J

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the temperature change of the iron. This can be obtained as follow:

Initial temperature (T₁) = 50 °C

Final temperature (T₂) = 75 °C

Change in temperature (ΔT) =?

ΔT = T₂ – T₁

ΔT = 75 – 50

ΔT = 25 °C

Thus, the temperature change of the iron is 25 °C.

Finally, we shall determine the amount of heat energy used. This can be obtained as follow:

Mass (M) = 20 g

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 25 °C

Specific heat capacity (C) = 0.46 J/gºC

Heat (Q) =?

Q = MCΔT

Q = 20 × 0.46 × 25

Q = 230 J

Thus, the amount of heat used was 230 J

If carbon can count the shared hydrogen
atoms for itself, how many electrons are
now in carbon's outer orbital?

Answers

Answer:

Mars and Orbital code saber and the alien

Interpreting Velocity vs. Time Graphs
Velocity vs Time
Use the information presented in the graph to answer
the questions,
Which segments show acceleration?
Which segment indicates that the object is slowing
down?
What is the velocity of segment B?
What is the acceleration of segment B?|
50
B
40
30
Velocity (m/s)
20
А
10
0
8 9 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Time (s)

Answers

Answer:first part is A and C, second part is C, third part is 40 m/s and the fourth part is zero

Explanation: I guessed and got them right lol

What did ancient astronomers not know about eclipses?

Answers

Answer:

yes of course everyone know eclipse in ancient January 2004 eclipse was founded in other country's

In a different titration, a 0.7529 g sample of a mixture of solid C6H5COOH and solid NaCl is dissolved in water and titrated with 0.150 M NaOH. The equivalence point is reached when 24.78 mL of the base solution is added. Calculate each of the following.

a. The mass, in grams, of benzoic acid in the solid sample
b. The mass percentage of benzoic acid in the solid sample

Answers

Answer:

a. 0.4539g benozic acid

b. 60.29% of benzoic acid in the solid sample

Explanation:

The benzoic acid reacts with NaOH as follows:

C6H5COOH + NaOH → C6H5COONa + H2O

Where 1 mole of the acid reacts per mole of NaOH

The NaCl doesn't react with NaOH

To solve this question we must find the moles of NaOH added = Moles of benzoic acid. With the moles of the acid and its molar mass (C6H5COOH = 122.12g/mol) we can find the mass of the acid and its mass percentage:

a. Moles NaOH = Moles Benzoic acid:

24.78mL = 0.02478L * (0.150mol / L) = 0.003717 moles Benozic acid

Mass benzoic acid:

0.003717 moles Benozic acid * (122.12g / mol) = 0.4539g benozic acid

b. Mass percentage is:

0.4539g / 0.7529g * 100 = 60.29% of benzoic acid in the solid sample

If the molecule has n-C2 axes perpendicular to its Cn axis, choose True. Otherwise, choose False. Be sure to build a model or draw the structure before selecting your answer. If needed, search for the molecular structure online or in a textbook.XeF4[PdCl4]2−naphthalenefuran, C4H4O

Answers

Answer:

XeF4                  True

[PdCl4]2−           True

naphthalene      True

Furan                  False

C4H4O               False  

Explanation:

From the given information:

Only XeF4;  [PdCl4]2−;  naphthalene are true. This is because their molecules contain -nC₂ axis which is perpendicular to the Cn axis. The image attached below shows the structural formula of each compound, there below, we can see that Furan only possesses one C₂ axis but not -nC₂ ⊥ C₂.

Measure the initial temperature of the water to the nearest 0.1°C. Record in the data table.
Initial Temp. of Metal
Initial Temp. of water
Initial Temp. of Both

Subtract to find the temperature changes for the water and the metal

Water
Metal ​

Answers

The heat capacity of the metal is calculated using the formula:

Heat capacity = quantity of heat/(mass * temperature difference)

What is temperature?

The temperature of a substance is the degree of hotness or coldness of that substance.

Temperature difference between substances enables heat flow.

Heat flows from hot to cold bodies.

In the given experiment, to determine the heat capacity of a metal, the temperature difference is obtained by substracting the initial and final temperatures.

The heat capacity of the metal is then calculated using the formula:

Heat capacity = quantity of heat/mass * temperature difference

Learn more about heat capacity at: https://brainly.com/question/21406849

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According to one acid-base theory, water can act as a base because a water molecule can

1) donate an H+ ion
2) accept an H+ ion
3) donate an H- ion
4) accept an H- ion

Answers

Answer:

1) donate an H+ ion

Explanation:

option 1 is correct

To which family of organic compounds does CH3COCH2CH2CH3 belong?

Answers

Answer:

I think:

CH3COCH2CH2CH3 belongs to ketone because it has a carbonyl group C=O in its structure.

What is a definition for ergonomics?

Answers

the study of people's efficiency in their working environment.

An unknown compound (152 mg) was dissolved in water to make 75.0 mL of solution. The solution did not conduct electricity and had an osmotic pressure of 0.328 atm at 27°C. Elemental analysis revealed the substance to be 78.90% C, 10.59% H, and 10.51% O. Determine the molecular formula of this compound.

Answers

Answer:

The molecular formula of the compound is C10H16O.

Explanation:

Based on the given information, the mass of an unknown compound is 152 mg or 0.152 g, which was dissolved to produce 75 ml of solution.

The osmotic pressure of the solution is 0.328 atm at 27 degrees C or 300 K.

The formula of osmotic pressure is,

P = CRT

Now putting the values in the formula we get,

0.328 = C*0.0821*300

C = 0.013317

C = (mass/molecular mass) * (1000/volume of solution in ml)

0.013317 = (0.152/Molecular mass) * (1000/75)

Molecular mass = 152.186

C mass = 152.186 * 0.789 = 120.07 grams

C mole = 120.07/12 = 10

H mass = 152.186 * 0.1059 = 16.11 grams

H mole = 16.11/1 = 16

O mass = 152.186 - 120.07 - 16.116 = 16 grams

O mole = 16/16 = 1

Thus, the molecular formula of the compound will be,

C10H16O

Calculate the pH of a solution whose H3O+ concentration is 2.1 x 10-3 M. Is the solution acidc, basic, or neutral?


a

The pH of the solution is 2.7 and the solution is acidic.

b

The pH of the solution is 13.3 and the solution is acidic.

c

The pH of the solution is 13.3 and the solution is basic.

d

The pH of the solution is 2.7 and the solution is basic.

Answers

Answer:

Option A, The pH of the solution is 2.7 and the solution is acidic

Explanation:

As we know,

pH =  - log [H3O+]

Substituting the given values, we get

pH =  - log [2.1 x 10-3 M]

pH =  - (-2.678)

pH = 2.678 or 2.7

The solution is acidic as pH value is less than 7

Hence, option A is correct

Predict the effect of an eightfold pressure increase on the equilibriunm composition of the reaction 3 Nalg) + H21g) =2 NaHlg)​

Answers

According to Le cha telier's principle when we increase the pressure of a equilibrium reaction the reaction shift to the side where few moles of gas present.

Your reaction (Notice - I guess the reaction you written is wrong, but still I'm solving with your given prediction)

3NaI (g) + H2 (g) = 2NaHI (g)

Where access of sodium iodide is reacting with Hydrogen gas to form NaHI molecule.

Number of moles of gas on reaction side - 3+2 = 5 moles

Number of moles of gas on product side - 2 moles

Conclusion- the reaction will shift to the right of the reaction

According to Le cha telier's principle when we increase the pressure of a equilibrium reaction the reaction shift to the side where few moles of gas present.

Your reaction (Notice - I guess the reaction you written is wrong, but still I'm solving with your given prediction)

3NaI (g) + H2 (g) = 2NaHI (g)

Where access of sodium iodide is reacting with Hydrogen gas to form NaHI molecule.

Number of moles of gas on reaction side - 3+2 = 5 moles

Number of moles of gas on product side - 2 moles

Conclusion- the reaction will shift to the right of the reaction

Two airplanes are flying in the sky in such a way that the gravitational attractions between them decreases. The planes must be flying:
A.
away from each other.
B.
next to each other at the same speed.
C.
towards each other.
D.
faster than the speed of sound.

Answers

A. away from each other

Two airplanes are flying in the sky in such a way that the gravitational attractions between them decreases. The planes must be flying away from each other. Hence option A is correct.

What is gravitational attraction?

Gravitational attraction is defined as a basic interaction that pulls everything with mass or energy in the same direction. All objects are subject to gravitational interactions, the strength of which is directly inversely proportional to the product of their masses. The size of an object and the separation between the objects have an impact on gravity.

In order to reduce the gravitational pull, two planes are flying in the sky. There must be a directionality between the aircraft. No matter what is in between the two bodies, there will still be gravitational pull. As a result, even if the medium between the two bodies changed, the gravitational force between them would not.

Thus, two airplanes are flying in the sky in such a way that the gravitational attractions between them decreases. The planes must be flying away from each other. Hence option A is correct.

To learn more about gravitational attraction, refer to the link below:

https://brainly.com/question/19822389

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What is the [OH-] in a solution if the [H*] = 1.2 x 10-3 M?

Answers

We know that [OH⁻] * [H⁺] = 10⁻¹⁴

plugging the value of [H⁺]

[OH⁻] * 1.2 * 10⁻³ = 10⁻¹⁴

[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ * (10³/1.2)

[OH⁻] = 833.3 * 10⁻¹⁴

[OH⁻] = 8.33 * 10⁻¹²

cloruro de litio mas sodio​

Answers

Answer:

El cloruro de litio se utiliza para fabricar litio metálico. El cloruro de litio se funde y electroliza. Esto produce litio metálico líquido.

Explanation:

sowwy si mi español es malo

Answer:

give him brainliest

Explanation:

A sample of a gas has a volume of 852 mL at 298 K. If the gas is cooled to 200K, what would the new volume be?

Answers

Answer:

571.81 mL

Explanation:

Assuming constant pressure, we can solve this problem by using Charles' law, which states that at constant pressure:

V₁T₂=V₂T₁

Where in this case:

V₁ = 852 mLT₂ = 200 KV₂ = ?T₁ = 298 K

We input the data:

852 mL * 200 K = V₂ * 298 K

And solve for V₂:

V₂ = 571.81 mL

The new volume would be 571.81 mL.

i. What is this process of forming energy through combustion called when it occurs in the body?

Answers

Answer:

Respiration

Explanation:

Energy, steam and carbondioxide formed.

ved:

Chapter

Chapter List

CH5.3

Problem

Problem List

10SMB

Printed circuit boards are used in the electronics industry to both connect and hold components in place. In production, 0.03 in. of copper foil is laminated to an insulating plastic board. A circuit pattern made of a chemically resistant polymer is then printed on the board. Next, the unwanted copper is chemically etched away by using selected reagents. If copper is treated with Cu(NH3 ) 4Cl2 (cupric ammonium chloride) and NH4OH (ammonium hydroxide), the products are water and Cu(NH3) 4Cl (cuprous ammonium chloride). Once the copper is dissolved, the polymer is removed by solvents, leaving the printed circuit ready for further processing. If a single-sided board 4 in. by 8 in. is to have 75% of the copper layer removed using these reagents, how many grams of each reagent will be consumed? Data: The density of copper is 8.96 g/cm3.​

Answers

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I have added 15 L of air to a balloon at sea level (1.0 atm). If I take the balloon with me
to Denver, where the air pressure is 0.85 atm, what will the new volume of the balloon
be?

Answers

Answer:17.65 or 18 L

Explanation:

Is HNO3 an acid or a base



I NEED HELP ASAP​

Answers

Answer:

HNO3 is a potent acid, a base, a nitrating agent and a heavy oxidising agent at times. In the presence of a stronger acid, it serves as a base.

Explanation:

Answer:

It is a strong acid

Explanation:

What is the molarity and normality of solution containing 80 g of NaOH dissolved in 2.0 liter of the solution?

Answers

AAnswer:

Explanation:

How many moles of Aluminum are in 54.0 grams of Aluminum (Al)

Answers

Answer:

2 moles!

Explanation:

Hi i hope this helped! I researched it and 2 moles was what came up first.

Find the mass of 0oC ice that 10 gof 100oC steam will completely melt. Latent heat of fusion of ice is 80cal/g oCand heat of vaporization of water 540 cal/g oC ?

Answers

Answer:

The right approach is "80 g".

Explanation:

Given:

[tex]L_f=80 \ Cal/g[/tex]

[tex]L_v=540 \ Cal/g[/tex]

[tex]S=1 \ Cal/g[/tex]

Now,

The amount of heat cooling will be:

= [tex]mL_v+mS \Delta T[/tex]

= [tex](10\times 540)+10\times 1\times (100-0)[/tex]

= [tex]5400+1000[/tex]

= [tex]6400 \ Cal[/tex]

then,

⇒ [tex]m_{ice} L_f=6400[/tex]

[tex]m_{ice}\times 80=6400[/tex]

        [tex]m_{ice}=\frac{6400}{80}[/tex]

                [tex]=80 \ g[/tex]            

200 grams of iron (III) chloride reacts with ammonium carbonate [(NH4)2CO3] in the following equation.

FeCl3 + (NH4)2CO3 ---------> NH4Cl + Fe2(CO3)3



_ mole(s) of iron (III) carbonate [Fe2CO3)3] is/are produced in the balanced equation.


a
4
b
1
c
3
d
2

Answers

Answer:

0.616 moles of Fe₂(CO₃)₃ are produced when 200 g of FeCl₃ react

b. 1.

Explanation:

The balanced reaction is:

2FeCl₃ + 3(NH₄)₂CO₃ → 6NH₄Cl + Fe₂(CO₃)₃

First we convert 200 grams of FeCl₃ into moles, using its molar mass:

200 g ÷ 162.2 g/mol = 1.23 mol FeCl₃

Then we convert 1.23 moles of FeCl₃ into moles of Fe₂(CO₃)₃, using the stoichiometric coefficients of the balanced reaction:

1.23 mol FeCl₃ * [tex]\frac{1molFe_2(CO_3)_3}{2molFeCl_3}[/tex] = 0.616 mol Fe₂(CO₃)₃

The closest answer would be option b. 1.

Explanation:

[tex]FeCl₃ + (NH₄)₂CO₃ → NH₄Cl + Fe₂(CO₃)₃[/tex]

first balance the chemical equation

[tex]2FeCl₃ + 3(NH₄)₂CO₃ → 6NH₄Cl + Fe₂(CO₃)₃[/tex]

2 mole. 3 mole. 6mole. 1mole

2*162g of FeCl₃ produce 236 g of Fe₂(CO₃)₃

200g of of FeCl₃

produce 236/(2*162)*20=145.68 g of Fe₂(CO₃)₃

1 mole of Fe₂(CO₃)₃=236g

145.68g of Fe₂(CO₃)=1/236*145.68=}0.61mole

closest answer is b 1

b.1mole(s) of iron (III) carbonate [Fe2CO3)3] is/are produced in the balanced equation

how will you know whether the crystallization point is reached​

Answers

Answer:

Place a glass rod in the solution, if the crystallisation point has been reached, you should notice small crystals formed on it.

What volume of chlorine gas at 27 °C, 812 mmHg, is required to react with an excess of carbon disulfide so that 5.00kJ of heat is evolved?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is 1.21 L.

Explanation:

Based on the given information, the reaction will be,

CS2 (l) + 3Cl2 (g) ⇒ CCl4 (l) + S2Cl2 (l)

By using the standard values of the substances, the standard enthalpy of the reaction is,

ΔH° = [(-139.5) + (-58.5) – 0 – (87.3)] kJ/mol

= -285.3 kJ/mol

The amount of heat evolved for 3 moles of chlorine reacted us 285.3 kJ.

Now the number of moles of chlorine needed to react to produce 5.00 kJ is,

= 5.00 kJ × 3 mol Cl2/285.3 kJ

= 0.0526 mol Cl2

Now the volume of chlorine gas at 27degree C and 812 mmHg will be,

Volume = 0.0526 mol Cl2 × 0.0821 Latm/mol K × 300 K/ 1.07 atm

= 1.21 L

define photo electric effect​

Answers

Photoelectric effect, phenomenon in which electrically charged particles are released from or within a material when it absorbs electromagnetic radiation.

mark me brainliestt :))

Question 2
4 pts
Inside a car that was at STP, a 0.95 L bottle warms up to 144 C. If the volume of the bottle
remains constant, what is the pressure, in atm, inside the hot water bottle?

Answers

Answer:

1.53 atm

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Volume = constant

Initial pressure (P₁) = stp = 1 atm

Initial temperature (T₁) = 273 K

Final temperature (T₂) = 144 °C = 144 °C + 273 = 417 K

Final pressure (P₂) =?

Since the volume is constant, the final pressure can be obtained as follow:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

1 / 273 = P₂ / 417

Cross multiply

273 × P₂ = 417

Divide both side by 273

P₂ = 417 / 273

P₂ = 1.53 atm

Therefore, the final pressure (i.e the pressure inside the hot water bottle) is 1.53 atm.

Which compound is an isomer of CH3CH2OH?

A) CH3OCH3
B) CH3COOH
C) CH3COCH3
D) CH3CH2CH3

Answers

A)CH3OCH3 is the isomer of CH3CH2OH
Other Questions
The force of ____________ exists between any two objects that have mass.free fallaccelerationweightgravity ILL MARK AS BRAINLESS PLS HELP the story is The Body's Clock" by Trudee Romanek Review your ideas on your Narrative Organization Chart from lesson 03.02.Include your introduction paragraph with your body.Using ideas from your chart, write the body of your narrative. Be sure to include:Two sensory descriptionsDialogueTwo events of rising actionsClimax eventthe introduction paragraph is thisAt an air terminal at a cold dark night, Kate, Tracy, Mr Jacks, and the numerous different large number of individuals were stuck inside an attractive field filled with greenery and life, however not everything was as it seemed. All travelers were stuck inside the aircraft and the airfield since there was a weird magnetic field trapping them inside. Nobody understands what the electromagnetic fields are, but nevertheless they just realize that they have showed up in a few spots all throughout the planet. Kate left a mirror for Tracy and Mr Jacks to get away from which prompted a departure from under the airplane, Anyway Tracy felt dread and blame for not imparting this break to different travelers. When critiquing a work of art, it is best to use which criteria?a. Descriptionb. Analysisc. Interpretationd. All of the above 18. "The morning comes to consciousness Of faint stale smells of beer/From the sawdust-trampled (1 point)street With all its muddy feet that press To early coffee-stands."Which of these best describes this excerpt from T.S. Eliot's "Preludes""?It is an example of sprung rhythmO It is an example of iambic pentameter.O It is an example of dialect poetry.O It is an exan Ne of free verse. The question is in the picture (Alegbra 1) I NEED HELP PLEASE How can you decrease pollution in your physical activity environment? what is 713.49 written as a standard form Why did the Soviet government's transition to collectivization result in widespread starvation?Peasants were not allowed to keep food until they met government quotas.Collectivization's new methods resulted in a slowdown in crop production.Many people were forced out of jobs when farms turned to collectivization.The government punished former farm workers who refused industrial jobs. Use Pythagorean theorem to solve the following right triangles, put your answer in simplest radical form: Please provide an explanation. Which details from the text support the central idea of the passage? Check all that apply How do surface ocean currents, such as the Gulfstream, affect global temperatures?A. They move thermal energy from the equator to the mid latitudesB. They move thermal energy from the poles to the equator.C. They move thermal energy from east to west along the equatorD. They move thermal energy from the midlatitudes to the equator How did the Grange help farmers?A. It gave farmers a way to organize for better crop prices.B. It was an organization that called for a return to rural living.C. It helped farmers into becoming sharecroppers.D. It was a political party that supported pro-farming candidates. In RST, the measure of T=90, RT = 13, TS = 84, and SR = 85. What ratio represents the sine of S? Use the information in these scrolls and your knowledge of social studies to answer thefollowing question.the right of the peopleto keep and bear ams,shall not be infringed."- Second AmendmentNo soldiershall, in timeof peace be quartered inany house, without theconsent of the ownerThird AmendmentPExcessive bail shall notbe required, norexcessive fines imposed.nor cruel and unusualpunishments inflictedEighth Amendment4What do all three of these amendments have in common?F They promote the idea of equal rights for minorities.Clt 19(B)G They protect individuals against actions by the federal government.H They strengthen the power of the federal governmentJ They safeguard the right of individuals to criticize the federal government. can someone help me The branches of the bronchial tree lead to different lobes in the lungs.True or FalseUse evidence form the web AND use your OWN words what do yall think about this quote? do u think its true? the quote is "at the end, when you think about it, a true friend is the one who believes in you when you stopped believing in yourself" AIDS transmitted to another person by BBBS