The Mexican War of Independence (Spanish: Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict and political process, lasting from 1808 to 1821, resulting in Mexico's independence from Spain. It was not a single, coherent event, but local and regional struggles that occurred within the same time period, and can be considered a revolutionary civil war.[2] Independence was not an inevitable outcome, but events in Spain itself had a direct impact on the outbreak of the armed insurgency in 1810 and its course until 1821. Napoleon Bonaparte's invasion of Spain in 1808 touched off a crisis of legitimacy of crown rule, since he had placed his brother Joseph on the Spanish throne after forcing the abdication of the Spanish monarch Charles IV. In Spain and many of its overseas possessions the local response was to set up juntas ruling in the name of the Bourbon monarchy. Delegates in Spain and overseas territories met in Cádiz, Spain, still under Spanish control, as the Cortes of Cádiz, which drafted the Spanish Constitution of 1812. That constitution sought to create a new governing framework in the absence of the legitimate Spanish monarch. It tried to accommodate the aspirations of American-born Spaniards for more local control and equal standing with Peninsular-born Spaniards. This political process had far reaching impacts in New Spain, during the independence period and beyond.
In September 1808 peninsular-born Spaniards in New Spain overthrew the rule of Viceroy José de Iturrigaray (1803–08), who had been appointed before the French invasion. In 1810, a few American-born Spaniards in favor of independence began plotting an uprising against Spanish rule. It occurred when the parish priest of the village of Dolores, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, issued the Cry of Dolores on September 16, 1810. The Hidalgo revolt touched off the armed insurgency for independence, lasting until 1821. The colonial regime did not expect the size and duration of the insurgency, which spread from the Bajío region north of Mexico City to the Pacific and Gulf Coasts. With Napoleon's defeat, Ferdinand VII succeeded to the throne of the Spanish Empire in 1814, and promptly repudiated the constitution and returned to absolutist rule. In 1820 when Spanish liberals overthrew the autocratic rule of Ferdinand VII, and conservatives in New Spain saw political independence as a way to maintain their position. Former royalists and old insurgents formed an alliance under the Plan of Iguala and forged the Army of the Three Guarantees. The momentum of independence saw the collapse of royal government in Mexico and the Treaty of Córdoba ended the conflict.[3]
The mainland of New Spain was organized as the Mexican Empire.[4] This ephemeral Catholic monarchy was overthrown and a federal republic declared in 1823 and codified in the Constitution of 1824. After some Spanish reconquest attempts, including the expedition of Isidro Barradas in 1829, Spain under the rule of Isabella II recognized the independence of Mexico in 1836.[5]
There is evidence that from an early period in post-conquest Mexican history that some elites began articulating the idea of a separate Mexican identity.[6] Despite that, there were relatively few challenges to Spanish imperial power before the insurgency for independence in the early nineteenth century, following the French invasion of the Iberian peninsula in 1808.
One early challenge was by Spanish conquerors whose encomienda grants from the crown, rewards for conquest were to be ended following the deaths of the current grant holders. The encomenderos' conspiracy included Don Martín Cortés (son of Hernán Cortés). The marquis was exiled, other conspirators were executed.[7] Another challenge occurred in 1624 when elites ousted the reformist viceroy who sought to break up rackets from which they profited and curtail opulent displays of clerical power. Viceroy Marqués de Gelves was removed, following an urban riot of Mexico City plebeians in 1624 stirred up by those elites.[8][9] The crowd was reported to have shouted, "Long live the King! Love live Christ! Death to bad government! Death to the heretic Lutheran [Viceroy Gelves]! Arrest the viceroy!" The attack was against Gelves as a bad representative of the crown and not against the monarchy or colonial rule itself.[10] In 1642, there was also a brief conspiracy in the mid-seventeenth century to unite American-born Spaniards, blacks, Indians and castas against the Spanish crown and proclaim Mexican independence. The man seeking to bring about independendence called himself Don Guillén Lampart y Guzmán, an Irishman born William Lamport. Lamport's conspiracy was discovered, and he was arrested by the Inquisition in 1642, and executed fifteen years later for sedition. There is a statue of Lamport in the mausoleum at the base of the Angel of Independence in Mexico City.
HELP! URGENT!! 35+ POINTS FOR BRAINLIEST!!!
Explain John Calvin's views on the proper relationship between Christians and the state.
Answer:
Explain John Calvin's views on the proper relationship between Christians and the state.
Explanation:
What constitutional issues and/or questions unanswered in the U.S. Constitution as of 1860 tore the nation apart in 1861?
Source A is timeline of key events. All other sources are primary sources.
For each primary source, consider the source of the document, the date, and the audience.
Ask yourself questions related to the essay question as you study the documents:
How does the content of the document relate to the coming of the Civil War?
How does the content of the document relate to the Constitution as of 1861 (fifteen amendments have altered or added to the Constitution since 1861)?
Could the statement or decision made in the document be made in modern times? If not, why not? Has the Constitution changed in such a way as to make that statement or decision difficult or impossible?
Think beyond the immediate issue of slavery in 1860. What other issues were part of the debate?What constitutional issues and/or questions unanswered in the U.S. Constitution as of 1860 tore the nation apart in 1861?
Source A is timeline of key events. All other sources are primary sources.
For each primary source, consider the source of the document, the date, and the audience.
Ask yourself questions related to the essay question as you study the documents:
How does the content of the document relate to the coming of the Civil War?
How does the content of the document relate to the Constitution as of 1861 (fifteen amendments have altered or added to the Constitution since 1861)?
Could the statement or decision made in the document be made in modern times? If not, why not? Has the Constitution changed in such a way as to make that statement or decision difficult or impossible?
Think beyond the immediate issue of slavery in 1860. What other issues were part of the debate?What constitutional issues and/or questions unanswered in the U.S. Constitution as of 1860 tore the nation apart in 1861?
Source A is timeline of key events. All other sources are primary sources.
For each primary source, consider the source of the document, the date, and the audience.
Ask yourself questions related to the essay question as you study the documents:
How does the content of the document relate to the coming of the Civil War?
How does the content of the document relate to the Constitution as of 1861 (fifteen amendments have altered or added to the Constitution since 1861)?
Could the statement or decision made in the document be made in modern times? If not, why not? Has the Constitution changed in such a way as to make that statement or decision difficult or impossible?
Think beyond the immediate issue of slavery in 1860. What other issues were part of the debate?
The abbreviations BC and AD are still commonly used to label different eras of world history. This fact supports which of the following conclusions?
Answer:it’s C
Explanation:
Do you think natural born American should to take a test ?
Hola me dejaron leer la introduccion a la historia de marc bloch y que me hiciera 3 preguntas que no se contestaran en el libro me podrian ayudar a formularlas es que no le entendi mucho, seria de gran ayuda
La respuesta correcta para esta pregunta abierta es la siguiente.
Las tres preguntas que te pudieras plantear acerca del historiador Marc Bloch, pudieran ser las siguientes.
1) ¿Cómo sirvió su formación militar a su carácter tenaz e inquisitivo para buscar la información que necesitaba?
2) ¿Qué habilidades y experiencias generó su etapa como profesor de la Universidad de Estrasburgo y luego, de la Sorbona de París?
3) ¿Qué motivos ulteriores tuvo Borch para escribir su famosa obra "Apología de la Historia," en una época de tanto conflicto interno y externo?
Tristemente, Marc Borch fue capturado por las tropas Nazis por sus ideas y por participar activamente en la resistencia de su país en contra de la invasión Alemana. Finalmente fue fusilado en junio de 1944.
What did enlightenment thinkers believe?
Answer:
Enlightenment thinkers focused on improving human conditions on Earth rather then focusing on the afterlife and gods and stuff like that. They valued reason, science, religious tolerance, and what they called "the natural rights" life, liberty, and property.
Explanation:
Answer:
the existence of natural rights of people.
Explanation:
APEX
What was so important about the English Bill of Rights?
The bill outlined specific constitutional and civil rights and ultimately gave Parliament power over the monarchy. Many experts regard the English Bill of Rights as the primary law that set the stage for a constitutional monarchy in England. It's also credited as being an inspiration for the U.S. Bill of Rights
Whose idea was it to use the theory of john locke's social contract in the declaraction of independence??
Answer:
John Locke's version of social contract theory is striking in saying that the only right people give up in order to enter into civil society and its benefits is the right to punish other people for violating rights. No other rights are given up, only the right to be a vigilant
Who is the president of the United States right now?
Answer:
Donald Trump
Explanation:
Drag each tile to the correct box,
Match the following tribes to their descriptions
engaged in a war with settlers in South Carolina
used wampum belts conduct trade
were part of the Iroquois Confederacy
Yamasee
Mohawk
>
Pequot
Reset
Next
Used wampum belts to conduct trade: Pequot
Were part of the Iroquois Confederacy: Mohawk
Engaged in a war with settlers in South Carolina: Yamasee
Answer:
see the picture
Explanation:
I
In regards to the relationship between French explorers and the Native Americans, what
was France's goal?
Answer:
gbgbtyhyjyjjcjcjficjccjc
Explanation:
gngnynyjyjyny3hw kbcjvjccjcjcjcjc
PLEASE HELP MEEEEE
Put the following events in order from what happened first with a 1 to what happened last with a 8.
Colonies demand political change
British policies limit colonial rights
British ignore colonial grievances
The American Revolution is concluded
The Articles of Confederation are overturned
The Declaration of Independence is approved
The U.S. Constitution is adopted
British fight the French and Indian War
Answer:
1 - British fight the French and Indian War .
2 - British policies limit colonial rights
3 - Colonies demand political change.
4 - British ignore colonial grievances.
5 - The Declaration of Independence is approved
6 - The American Revolution is concluded
7 - The Articles of Confederation are overturned
8 - The U.S. Constitution is adopted
Explanation:
that just how it went down G
How does Christopher Columbers view the native populations he initiallyb en- counters?
Answer: He views them as foreign, but also as opportunity. During his arrival to the New World, he had ordered 6 natives to be captured. He had written in his journal that they would be good servants and even later enacted policies of forced labor for profit.
Hope this helps!
Which statement correctly connects Hinduism to the religious views of the Arya
O Hinduism turned the polytheistic views of the Aryans into one supreme goc
O Hinduism kept the polytheistic views of the Aryans but assigned different be
Hinduism turned the single-god beliefs of the Aryans into the worship of ma
Hinduism kept the single-god beliefs of the Aryans but gave their supreme
Answer: Hinduism turned the polytheistic views of the Aryans into one supreme go with multiple forms
Explanation: I took notes about it and I took the test. Hope that helped :)
Answer: A is correct
Explanation:
ASAP Which two societies built similar communal grass dome shapes? a. the Lipan and the Kiowa Apache b. the Kadohadacho and the Apache c. the Osage and the Quapaw d. the Wichita and the Kadohadacho
Answer:
D
Explanation:
i took the same test
How did America evolve from a colony to an independent nation?
True or False: Slaves were not an economical long-term investment for West Indies planters.
Answer:
False i think
Explanation:
They were discriminated for the colour of there skin and they used them to make money
Slaves were not an economical long-term investment for West Indies planters, is the false statement.
What is long-term investment?A long-term investment is one that a company plans to keep for at least a year, such as stocks, bonds, real estate, or cash. The account is included under assets on a company's balance sheet.
Long-term investors are typically willing to take on more risk in exchange for bigger rewards. Investments in mutual funds are one of the best ways to build long-term wealth.
All mutual funds are governed by SEBI, which makes the investments safe. Equity funds, debt funds, and hybrid funds are the three main subcategories of mutual funds. Some types of the long term investment are -
Growth investments.
Shares.
Property.
Defensive investments.
Cash.
Fixed interest.
Thus, it is a false statement.
For more details about long-term investment click here:
https://brainly.com/question/18437822
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Select the reasons why men joined the crusades:
adventure
political advancement
wealth
religious self-determination
free Jerusalem from the Turks
to learn about Islam
Answer:
adventure, wealth, to free Jerusalem from the Turks.
Explanation:
how did scientific method change the way scientists worked beginning in the 16th centry
Answer:. It encouraged them to rely on observation and experimentation to support their conclusions. ... He argued that observation and experimentation are the most important tools for understanding the natural world.
Explanation:
What do you think people react to Taxes today
Answer:
omg
Explanation:
You will say that because they take stop money out your pay check
Answer: Americans are generally more worried about the way the income tax is applied than whether or not it exists.
Explanation:
what this answer An archaeologist would most likely explore a. a mountain range that forms the border of a geographic region. b. a forest or other unpopulated area. c. the site of an ancient battle. d. data about climate in a region.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Which calendar has 355 days in the year? Chinese Gregorian Islamic Roman
Answer:
Gregorian
Explanation: because this calendar has 355 days.
Answer:
It’s actually the Islamic calendar
Explanation:
I did the test on edge
Dr. King's funeral was held on April 9. A week later, the strike ended. Are these two
events an example of causation or correlation?
Answer:
I am suggesting correlation
Which colony (Jamestown or Plymouth) would rather live in ?
Answer:Jamestown
Explanation:
I dont really have an explanation I just love what I've learned so far about Jamestown.
why was maryland established?
Answer:
It was established as a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti-Catholic persecution in Europe.
Answer:
As a safe haven for English Catholics fleeing anti Catholic persecution in Europe.
Explanation:
the government formed by articles of confederation is described as a
what was the reasonings for the 9/11 attack
Answer:
terrarisom
Explanation:
because a group called al Qaeda hijacked the 4 plains flew them into the WTC pentogon and was aiming for the capital but whent down in a field in Summerset PA.
What Frankish king was crowned the first Holy Roman Emperor by the Pope?
Answer:
agreed
Explanation:
True or false the capital of Meroe was important because of its copper production asap
Answer:
False it had more iron.
Explanation:
The iron industry of Meroe made the city as famous as its wealth and, of course, contributed greatly to that wealth as the iron workers of Meroe were considered the best, and iron tools and weapons were much sought after.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
PLS HELP 30PTS!!!! I WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST 1.what was william henry harrison's policy toward native americans in early indiana a he would not negotiate and sought Indian removal b he did not view a war against native Americans as an option c he was a skilled negotiator and rewarded chiefs who agreed to his terms d he met the needs of both native Americans and settlers in early indiana 2.how were George's clark and Henry Hamilton alike a both wanted native Americans to join their armies b both led armies and participated in brutal practices c both generals were at one time in charge of fort Detroit d both respected the land claims of native Americans 3. which best describes the pattern of American settlement in early indiana a west to east b north to south c east to west d south to north
Answer:
hey im back
Explanation:
How does bias negatively affect source material? Check all that apply.
It demonstrates a lack of academic expertise on a topic.
It forces an author to address counterarguments.
It may reveal an author’s opinion.
It may led to the presentation of only one side of an argument.
It can influence an author’s purpose.
Bias can negatively affect the source material in below-mentioned ways:
It demonstrates a lack of academic expertise on a topic.It forces an author to address counterarguments.It may reveal an author’s opinion.It can influence an author’s purpose.Source MaterialBias has the following negative affects on source material.
This leads to the downfall of the research and the lack of valuable information about the same. The quality of the research falls and hampers the academics.
Original, authoritative, or foundational documents used in research, such as diaries or manuscripts, are referred to as source material.
Find out more information about bias here:
https://brainly.com/question/6078134?referrer=searchResults
Answer:
a, b, c, e,
Explanation: