In South Africa during the era of apartheid, white South Africans were the beneficiaries of institutionalized racism. Similarly, in Nazi Germany, the Aryan race was held up as superior to all others.
The apartheid system in South Africa was designed to maintain white supremacy and protect the interests of the white minority. In Nazi Germany the Jews, Roma people, homosexuals, and other groups were targeted for persecution, discrimination, and ultimately, genocide.
The racism harms not only its direct targets but also society as a whole. It perpetuates inequality and division, undermines social cohesion.
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