which respiratory substrate has a respiratory quotient of 0.5​

Answers

Answer 1
How can it be used clinically?
The RQ is the ratio of the patient's carbon dioxide production (VCO2) to his or her oxygen consumption (VO2). These values are obtained by indirect calorimetry at the patient's bedside. The RQ is helpful in guiding the planning of nutritional therapy. The physiologic range for RQ values is 0.7 to 1.2 and is influenced by the relative contribution from fat, protein, and carbohydrate. RQ values for fat, protein, and carbohydrate are 0.7, 0.8, and 1.0, respectively. Thus, an RQ of >1.0 might suggest excessive carbohydrate or calorie provision that can result in increased CO2 production and cause difficulty weaning from mechanical ventilation. A RQ of <0.7 might suggest underfeeding and use of ketones as a fuel source. The use of energy fuels by animals and by a flame may be compared by considering the stoichiometry of the chemical reactions. They may also be compared by noting the amount of energy produced with complete oxidation of the fuel in question. The following discussion begins with the stoichiometry of combustion of simple compounds — such as paraffin, methane, and methanol — and then continues onto the combustion of more complex materials — such as glucose and fat. The study of the stoichiometry of various reactions requires the counting of the number of molecules of CO2 produced per molecule of fuel combusted, the number of water molecules produced, and the number of oxygen atoms (or molecules) consumed.
The stoichiometry involved in the combustion of fuels can be used to calculate a very interesting ratio: the number of CO2 molecules discharged from the body per number of oxygen molecules consumed. This ratio (CO2/O2) is called the respiratory quotient (RQ). The biochemical events of CO2 production and O2 utilization are a direct result of the oxidation of various fuels such as fat and glucose. The amount of O2 used is also influenced by the rate of synthesis of new fat in the body. Respiratory gases can be measured and analyzed quite easily. These measurements can be used to calculate the amount of CO2 produced and O2 used by the body over any given period. Calculating the RQ for a subject is quite easy and can provide remarkable insight into the overall behavior of energy fuels in the body. The RQ can provide only limited information on metabolism, but it is a powerful measurement.
The RQ is different for different fuels. For example, the RQ for the complete combustion of glucose is 1.0, and that for the complete combustion of fat is 0.7. These values are determined in three ways:
1.
On paper, by balancing chemical formulas, with no knowledge of metabolic pathways.
2.
By consideration of the biochemical pathways of the body, providing that these pathways have been memorized or are available in some format.
3.
Experimentally, by use of a furnace. The furnace contains an atmosphere of pure oxygen. A mechanism for igniting the fuel or food in question, as well as devices for measuring the amount of CO2 produced and O2 consumed, is available.
Knowledge of the RQ for different energy fuels can be used to determine the predominant fuel used by a particular organ of the body, such as the muscle or brain. To determine the RQ for a particular organ, the blood entering and exiting that organ must be analyzed. Most of the oxygen entering and exiting the organ is bound to hemoglobin. Most of the CO2 entering and exiting the organ is in the form of bicarbonate.

Related Questions

Which organism is an autotroph?

Answers

Answer:

Not sure let me pull out my notes but seems good

Explanation:

Answer:

flower

Explanation:

PLEASE HELP MARKING PEOPLE AS BRAINLIDT

Where do humans obtain essential amino acids?
A. Pasta and bread foods B. Meat/Fish foods
C. Our body makes them D. Foods that contain butter and oils

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

Answer:

B) meat/fish foods should be the correct answer

Need answer quick please!!
Which statement best summarizes how a parasite such as a tapeworm
causes disease?
A. Parasites use living cells to make new copies of themselves.
B. Parasites reproduce best in warm, moist environments.
C. Parasites are made up of genetic material surrounded by a
protein.
D. Parasites take nutrients from another organism's body.
lo

Answers

Answer:

D. Parasites take nutrients from another organism's body

Parasites by definition leech off of their hosts by stealing nutrients

HELP PLEASE!!!!
An organic molecule that acts as the main energy source for cell processes. It is a carbohydrate and a product of photosynthesis.

a.oxygen

b. hydrogen ion

c. chlorophyll

d. glucose

Answers

Answer:

d

Explanation:

glucose is the only carbohydrate out of of all the optionsglucose is the main energy source for cell respirationglucose is the product of photosynthesis, O2 is the byproduct of photosynthesis

Which of the following is NOT a reason for asexual reproduction in somatic cells? A growth B replacement of dead cells С repair injuries D to make gametes

Answers

Answer:

D. Making gametes technically isnt asexual reproduction because the offspring arent exact copies.

Explanation:

Mitosis is what replaces dead/ dying cells and repair injuries

hello, can you please help me :)
How do environmental factors and heredity affect personal health?
Thanks

Answers

Answer:

Heredity: all the traits and properties that are passed along biologically from both parents to child. To some degree this determines your general level of health. You inherit physical traits such as the color of your hair and eyes, shape of your nose and ears, as well as your body type and size.

Explanation:

Brainliest please?

Answer:

A clean-living environment can help decrease the risk of developing illness and disease affecting personal health. Heredity are traits and properties that are passed along biologically from both parents to a child. These traits can be good or bad like diseases and linesses.

What type of biomolecule is used to convert energy to ATP?(1 point)

lipid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
protein

Answers

Answer:

nucleic acid

I hope it is helpful to you

Which of the following is true of active transport?
A In active transport, the cell does not have to do any work as nature moves the materials across the cell membrane.
B The energy used by the cell is in the form of the ADP molecule
C In active transport, the cell must push or pump the molecules from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
D Molecules called pumps function to control active transport.

Answers

Answer:

D. Molecules called pumps function to control active transport.

Explanation:

Active transport is one of the two types of transport (the other being passive transport). It is the type of transport in which substances move against their concentration gradient i.e. from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. Hence, due to this, energy input in form of ATP is required by the cell.

However, the process of active transport makes use of certain molecules called PUMPS to control it. The pumps moves ions/molecules against their concentration gradient. An example is the sodium-pottasium pump which moves sodium ions from a region of low conc. to a region of high conc.

When boiling water in a kettle, the top may move slightly if it is not tight. What evidence explains why this happens? ​

Answers

Answer:

Usually, the hottest is at the bottom, if the kettle is on top of a heating ... Also, there's a factor that's not so important for kettles, but otherwise can be ... When a phase change (like liquid to gas) occurs, it normally begins at a location that ... a slight disturbance (like putting in a spoon or some sugar, or moving it ..

Explanation:

Answer:

Since the water is boiling, and a lid is on there is a major amount of thermal energy just waiting to go somewhere, not to mention it takes the form of steam which much escape somehow, likely causing a very faint movement on the top of the kettle.

Explanation:

Normal cells become cancer cells when
a. cells do not respond normally to control mechanisms.
b. regulation of cell growth and division is lost.
cells continue to divide without passing through G1.
d. All of the above

Answers

Most likely, the answer is D. All of the above.

which type of chemical change will produce ash A.burning B.melting C.rotting D.rusting help please

Answers

burning i think because when you burn a paper it turns to ash

blood type B
multiple choice
can donate to AB and B
has anti-B antibodies
has anti-A antibodies
can't have blood type A transfusion

Answers

Answer:

Has anti-A antibodies

Explanation:

This is because the liquid, a part of your blood while not cells (serum) is mixed with blood that's defined to be blood type and type B. individuals with type A blood have anti-B antibodies. people with type B blood have anti-A antibodies.

Hope it helps!

For a transverse wave, the _________ depends on the distance from the rest position to a crest or trough. *

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf Amplitude}[/tex]

Explanation:

❀❀❀ For a transverse wave, the Amplitude depends on the distance from the rest position to a crest or trough. Amplitude = "distance moved by a point on a vibrating body or wave measured from its equilibrium position." Below are some pictures that might be able help you!... (pictures attached) ❀❀❀

Stay Safe! ッHope This Helps! (◠ω◠✿)  

Suzanne drew a diagram to compare the functions of roots and leaves. Which characteristic belongs in the area marked Y?

- anchors plant
- stores food
- absorbs minerals
- produces glucose

Answers

Answer: absorbs minerals

Explanation:

Answer:

the dude above is right

Explanation:

Marine Food Chain
Question 3
Orca
Sea otter
Based on the food chain, which organism is a producer?
A: Orca
B; Sea Otter
C: Fishes
|-*
Fishes
Seaweed
D: Seaweed

Answers

the answer is D because it produces food for all the things that eat it

Why is the birth of modern science (c.1500-1700) important to how we understand knowledge and disciplinary divisions today

Answers

The correct answer to this open question is the following.

Although there are no options attached, we can say the following.

The birth of modern science (c.1500-1700) was important to how we understand the knowledge and disciplinary divisions today because the scientific method was established to get proper validation to the things in nature that in the past were attributed only to dive concepts expressed by the Church.

That old fashion way of thinking, validated by the church during the dark ages of Medieval Times, only created fear and fostered ignorance in people.

The advent of modern science changed this thing, basing its theories and answers on proper research that could be proven. That is how the human mind expanded and grew. No more myths and distorted religious beliefs that were so wrong.

Which is a small animal with tentacles and a skeleton made of calcite?
A. squid
B. coral
C. octopus
D. starfish

Answers

I think squid

Explanation:

I'm not sure

Answer: coral and some starfish

Explanation: knowledge

5. If the weather in Richmond, Virginia, changed to very cold (snow on the ground 8 months of each year) over the next few years, what change might occur?
a. The cold weather would cause a mutation in squirrels which causes their fur to be white.
b. If a mutation occurred which caused white fur to develop, such white squirrels would have a better chance to survive and produce more offspring with the characteristic.
c. Evolution would definitely occur resulting in white squirrels.

Answers

Answer:

A.

Explanation:

Because, they would have to adapt to their surroundings to survive and the white fur is a little thicker and help them blend in better form predators

b. If a mutation occurred which caused white fur to develop, such white squirrels would have a better chance to survive and produce more offspring with the characteristic.

What is natural selection?

If a mutation occurred in a squirrel that caused it to have white fur, and if this trait helped the squirrel survive and reproduce more effectively in a cold, snowy environment, then it is possible that the trait could become more common in the population over time. This is known as natural selection.

However, it is important to note that whether or not a particular trait will become more common in a population depends on many factors, including the environment, the competition for resources, and the presence of predators.

Learn more about natural selection, here:

https://brainly.com/question/2725702

#SPJ2

which of the following would be a hypothesis for a scientific investigation about how food shopping decisions affect food security

Answers

Answer:

Isn't there any photo or some options at least? Actually, it says which of the following-that's why I asked

Explanation:

If you add something as a reference then I will be able to answer and help you :)

why is using reverse transcriptase necessary for finding a way to make artificial insulin

Answers

Answer:

Reverse transcription was useful for the production of artificial insulin because the insulin gene has introns.

Explanation:

Answer: scientists had to convert information from amino acids to nucleic acids.

A biologist pollinates a true-breeding yellow flower with pollen from a true-breeding
red flower of the same species. All of the F, offspring are yellow. What question can be
answered with the F2 cross?
A. Are yellow flowers maternally inherited?
B. Are yellow flowers recessive and red flowers dominant?
C. Are red and yellow flowers codominant?
D. Is flower color polygenic?

Answers

Answer:

Honestly i dont know the answer but for anyone who needs it it is NOT D i put that as the answer for my test and got it wrong

Explanation:

NOT D

hope this helps:)

A biologist pollinates a true-breeding yellow flower with pollen from a true-breeding red flower of the same species. All of the F, offspring are yellow.  The question can be Is flower color polygenic?

What is True breeding plant?

A true breeding is a kind of breeding wherein the parents would produce offspring that would carry the same phenotype. This means that the parents are homozygous for every trait.

An example of true breeding is that of the Aberdeen Angus cattle. The cattle have been black for many generations, which is an indication that such trait passed on from many generations remains pure.

With plants, true breeding occurs when plants produce only offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate. For instance, a plant that has blue flowers will produce only seeds that will grow into plants that have blue flowers.

Therefore, A biologist pollinates a true-breeding yellow flower with pollen from a true-breeding red flower of the same species. All of the F, offspring are yellow.  The question can be Is flower color polygenic?

To learn more about True breeding, refer to the link:

https://brainly.com/question/1345577

#SPJ2

When do land breezes develop? Which way does wind move during a land breeze?

Answers

Answer:

A low-pressure zone forms above the land surface from the rapid loss of heat. A high-pressure zone forms as the cooler land cools the air immediately above the surface. Winds aloft flow from the ocean to the land. Winds at the surface flow from high to low pressure, creating a land breeze

Explanation:

Why is it important to preserve plant seeds so they are available in the future?

Answers

Answer:

Climate change is a BIG problem thats why we need to store and preserve seeds with these EXTREME weather conditions .

Explanation:

unless u want to look at dirt

The texture of igneous rock that is composed of large mineral grains

Answers

phanerictic bc planerictic texture is sometimes referred to as coarse-granted igneous texture

Х
14
lo
6
Most of the aerobic respiration of a cell takes place in which structure?
A) chloroplast
Blysosome
C vacuole
D) mitochondrion

Answers

D the mitochondrion

Which of the following is not a characteristic of DNA?
complementarity
antiparallel strands
double-stranded
composed of nucleotides
contains ribose

Answers

Hdheheheh I don’t care the third one I think

what is glucose formula

Answers

Answer:

C₆H₁₂O₆

Explanation:

Glucose is a simple sugar with the molecular formula C₆H₁₂O₆. Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide, a subcategory of carbohydrates.

will give a 100 points assap
Clem is h o m o zygous for earlobe type.


What does this mean?


He has two of the same alleles for earlobe type, one from each parent.

He has two different alleles for earlobe type, one from each parent.

He has one allele for earlobe type from one parent.

He has two alleles for earlobe type, both from the same parent.

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

a

Explanation:

Killing too many predators can cause:
A. producers to make less food

B. strong animals to die faster

C. sick animals to live longer

D. producers to starve​

Answers

Answer:

I think its d

Explanation:

Sorry if i am wrong!

Answer:

[tex]\huge\boxed{\sf Sick\ animals\ to\ live\ longer}[/tex]

Explanation:

Predators usually prey upon sick animals so that the best among the specie is able to reproduce and produce the most fertile offspring. This maintains the cycle of nature. If too many predators are killed, it will cause sick animals to live longer. As a result, they will reproduce and the offspring will not be healthy enough which in future, can cause many problems.

[tex]\rule[225]{225}{2}[/tex]

Hope this helped!

~AH1807

How do you create a dichotomous key?PLEASE WRITE IT GOOD BC I HAVE A TEST TOMORROW ​

Answers

Answer:

In the field of biology, classification plays a major role. With new species being discovered every day, it’s important to have techniques in place to identify and classify them. One such tool is the dichotomous key. It helps identify organisms by directing the user to look at the known organisms.

Explanation:

What is a Dichotomous Key

What is a Dichotomous KeyStudents and professionals use the dichotomous key to identify and classify objects (i.e. people, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.) into specific categories based on their characteristics. It’s the most commonly used form of classification or type of identification key used in biology as it simplifies identifying unknown organisms.

What is a Dichotomous KeyStudents and professionals use the dichotomous key to identify and classify objects (i.e. people, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.) into specific categories based on their characteristics. It’s the most commonly used form of classification or type of identification key used in biology as it simplifies identifying unknown organisms.Simply put, it is a method used to identify a species by answering a series of questions based on contrasting features (eg: physical characteristics) that have two possible outcomes.

What is a Dichotomous KeyStudents and professionals use the dichotomous key to identify and classify objects (i.e. people, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.) into specific categories based on their characteristics. It’s the most commonly used form of classification or type of identification key used in biology as it simplifies identifying unknown organisms.Simply put, it is a method used to identify a species by answering a series of questions based on contrasting features (eg: physical characteristics) that have two possible outcomes.“Dichotomous” means divided into two parts, hence the dichotomous keys always present two choices based on the key characteristics of the organism in each step. By correctly selecting the right choice at each stage, the user will be able to identify the name of the organism at the end. The further you divide the key, the more you learn about the specimen you are trying to identify.

What is a Dichotomous KeyStudents and professionals use the dichotomous key to identify and classify objects (i.e. people, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.) into specific categories based on their characteristics. It’s the most commonly used form of classification or type of identification key used in biology as it simplifies identifying unknown organisms.Simply put, it is a method used to identify a species by answering a series of questions based on contrasting features (eg: physical characteristics) that have two possible outcomes.“Dichotomous” means divided into two parts, hence the dichotomous keys always present two choices based on the key characteristics of the organism in each step. By correctly selecting the right choice at each stage, the user will be able to identify the name of the organism at the end. The further you divide the key, the more you learn about the specimen you are trying to identify.When creating a dichotomous key, both qualitative (i.e. physical attributes such as how the organism looks, what color it is, etc.) and quantitative (i.e. the number of legs, weight, height, etc.) factors are considered.

What is a Dichotomous KeyStudents and professionals use the dichotomous key to identify and classify objects (i.e. people, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.) into specific categories based on their characteristics. It’s the most commonly used form of classification or type of identification key used in biology as it simplifies identifying unknown organisms.Simply put, it is a method used to identify a species by answering a series of questions based on contrasting features (eg: physical characteristics) that have two possible outcomes.“Dichotomous” means divided into two parts, hence the dichotomous keys always present two choices based on the key characteristics of the organism in each step. By correctly selecting the right choice at each stage, the user will be able to identify the name of the organism at the end. The further you divide the key, the more you learn about the specimen you are trying to identify.When creating a dichotomous key, both qualitative (i.e. physical attributes such as how the organism looks, what color it is, etc.) and quantitative (i.e. the number of legs, weight, height, etc.) factors are considered.It can be done in both a graphical (as a branching flowchart) or written format (series of paired statements organized sequentially). Most often, they are used to identify plant and animal species, although it can be used to classify any object that can be identified by a set of observable characteristics.

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