Which of these statements best describes the cause of this expansion?
A. Conductuion of heat from the mantle is expanding the crustal plates that hold the Alantic ocean
B. Convection within the mantle is bringing magma up to the crust in the middlw of the Atlantic Ocean,building new sea floor
C. As the crustal plates that hold the mainland of North America and Europe get older, they sink, causing the Atlanic Ocean to spread
D. At the mid-Atlantic Ridge, the crustal plates hold North America and Eurioe are colliding together, causing volcanic activivty and earthquakes
*I HAVE 6 DAYS UNTIL THIS IS DUE*

MgCl₂ generates the most ions per mole of solute when dissolved in dilute aqueous solution because MgCl₂ dissolves completely in aqueous solution and Molarity of MgCl₂ is higher than all given ionic compounds nahso4, nacl, c2h5oh and caso4.

The equation for the dissociation of MgCl₂ in an aqueous solution is:

MgCl₂→Mg²⁺ + 2Cl⁻

Based on the equation for the reaction, for every mole of magnesium ions present in the solution, there are two moles of chloride ions. This is the case because in order to balance the charges to form the compound, the total anionic and cationic charges should be equal.

What is Molarity ?

Molarity is a concentration in terms of moles per litre of solution. Because an ionic compound dissociates into its components cations and anions in solution, the key to the problem is identifying how many moles of ions are produced during dissolution.

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The same atoms make up tautomers, which are isomers with various electrical and molecular configurations. The associated tautomeric form is the most reliable.

Describe tautomery.

Tautomery is a specific type of isomery caused by a shift in one or more atoms' positions inside the molecule. The molecule electronic distribution and, consequently, the molecular structure are altered by this shift in location.

Tautomerization, the constant interconversion, is what gives equilibrium to the isomeres known as tautomers in solution. The same kind and number of atoms are present in both molecules.

The item in the suggested example has the chemical formula C10H16O3. In isomeric molecules, 6C, 16H, and 3O are essential. The distribution of these atoms, however, fluctuates, changing the structure of the resultant molecule.

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The balanced equation of the chemical reaction would be [tex]2CH_3OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]

In order to balance equations of reactions, the equations need to obey the law of conservation of atoms. According to this law, atoms can neither be created nor destroyed during reactions, but their forms may change. In other words, the total number of atoms of different elements in reactions is conserved.

Thus, the same number of atoms of different elements must exist in the reactants and the products, irrespective of their forms.

Following this rule, the balanced reaction of the equation illustrated in the problem would be: [tex]2CH_3OH + 3O_2 -- > 2CO_2 + 4H_2O[/tex]

In the balanced equation, one can see that C, H, and O atoms in the reactants and the products are of equal numbers.

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The atomic mass of Kr > Ne, Kr has greater standard molar enthalpy, and Ne has lower standard molar enthalpy. For a given pair of molecules with similar properties, the one with greater atomic mass has a greater molar entropy. one with greater atomic mass has greater entropy under identical conditions of a number of moles, temperature and pressure.

The amount of thermal energy per unit of temperature in a system that cannot be used to carry out beneficial work is known as entropy. Entropy is a measure of a system's molecular disorder or unpredictability since work is produced by organized molecular motion.

Enthalpy, a characteristic of a thermodynamic system, is the result of adding the internal energy of the system and the product of its pressure and volume. It is a state function that is utilized in several measurements in chemical, biological, and physical systems under constant pressure.

Hence, the atomic mass of Kr > Ne, Kr has greater standard molar enthalpy, and Ne has lower standard molar enthalpy.

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It will take two decades for a radioactive isotope with a half-life of 8.45 years to decay to 81.12% of its initial mass.

Something that shows or is produced by radioactive is referred to as radioactive. Radiation, which typically manifests as electromagnetic waves or swiftly moving elementary particles like protons or neutrons, is released when anything is radioactive.

The term "radioactivity" is used to characterize the natural mechanism by which some atom spontaneously split into distinct, more stable atoms, producing both particles and energy. Because unstable isotopes frequently change into more stable isotopes, this process, also known as radioactive decay, takes place.

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Suppose 9.07 g of copper(II) nitrate is dissolved in 100. mL of a 0.70 M aqueous solution of sodium chromate the final molarity of copper(II) cation in the solution will be 0.48 M

The balanced equation is given as :

Cu(NO3)2 + Na2CrO4 = CuCrO4 + 2NaNO3

Number of mol of copper nitrate = mass /molar mass

                                                        = 9.07 g/187.5 g/mol

                                                        = 0.048 mol

mol sodium chromate = molarity x volume (L)

                                      = 0.70 M x 0.100 L

mol sodium chromate = 0.07 mol

so copper nitrate is limiting

So number of mol of copper (II) cation will be 0.048 mol

molarity = mol/volume (L)

              = 0.048 mol / 0.100 L

               = 0.48 M

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The mole fraction of ethanol c2h5oh in an aqueous solution that is 46 percent ethanol by mass is 0.25

Mole fraction is the mole of one of the component of the solution divided by the total moles of the solution

Calculating the mole fraction of ethanol,we get

Percentage by weight of ethyl alcohol is 46% which implies in 100 g of this solution is 46 g while the mass of the water will be 54% of 100 g = 54g.

Finding the moles of water and the ethyl alcohol {molar mass of water(H₂O) = 18 and molar mass of ethyl alcohol(C₂H₆O = 46}

Moles = mass/molar mass

moles of ethanol = 46/46 = 1

moles of water = 54/18 = 3

ntotal=1+3=4

Mole fraction of ethanol is:

  Mole of ethanol            =   1/4

   Total mole of solution

Hence, the mole fraction is 1/4 or 0.25

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The standard emf of a galvanic cell made of a Ni electrode in a 1.0 M Ni(NO₃)₂ solution and a Cr electrode in a 1.0 M Cr(NO₃)₂ solution at 25 °C is 0.51 V.

the reduction potential of Ni²⁺ = - 0.23

the reduction potential of Cr³⁺ = - 0.74

the reduction potential of the Ni²⁺ is higher than the reduction potential of Cr³⁺. that mean  Ni²⁺ undergoes the reduction.

the standard emf cell expression is given as follows :

the standard emf cell , E = E Ni²⁺/Ni - E  Cr³⁺ / Cr

                                         = - 0.23 - ( - 0.74 )

                                         = - 0.23 + 0.74

                                         = 0.51 V

Thus, The standard emf of cell is 0.51 V.

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According stoichiometry and balanced chemical equation,as 339.74 g produces 2 moles , therefore 3 g is produced by 0.017 moles of silver.

Stoichiometry is the determination of proportions of elements or compounds in a chemical reaction. The related relations are based on law of conservation of mass and law of combining weights and volumes.

Stoichiometry is used in quantitative analysis for measuring concentrations of substances present in the sample.

In the given example, according to balanced chemical equation as 339.74 g of silver nitrate produces 2 moles,

∴3 g of silver nitrate will produce 3×2/339.74=0.017 moles.

Therefore, 3.00 g of AgNO₃ is used to make 0.017 moles of silver.

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The concentration of NaOH  is 0.05 M

given that :

molarity of HCl solution, M1 = 0.100 M

volume of HCl solution, V1 = 12.50 mL = 0.0125 L

volume of NaOH solution, V2 = 25 mL = 0.025 L

molarity of NaOH solution, M2 = ?

using the titration formula we get :

M1 V1 = M2 V2

putting the value in the formula :

0.100 × 0.0125 = M2 × 0.025

0.00125 = M2 × 0.025

M2 = 0.05 M

Thus, the concentration of an NaOH solution if it will takes 12.50 mL of a 0.100 M HCl of the 25 mL is 0.05 M.

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The key features that should be present in the IR spectrum of your product if you successfully made the desired bromohydrin and the key features that should be absent from the IR spectrum if the starting material was completely reacted are the spectra of the other alcohols.

Spectra of other alcohols used in the synthesis show the presence of bromohydrin. The presence of bromohydrin with a characteristic hydroxyl stretch indicates the presence of alcohol.

Bromohydrin is formed by adding Br and OH to an alkene, the result is known as bromohydrin (bromine = bromine, hydrin = hydrogen, water).

The synthesis of bromohydrins involves highly regioselective ring expansion from epoxides to halohydrins using hydrogen and lithium halides in the presence of cyclodextrin in water as solvent.

A common absorption method for both qualitative and quantitative evaluation is infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Electromagnetic radiation that can change the vibrational and rotational states of covalent bonds in organic molecules is in the infrared region of the spectrum.

so as we know that bromohydrin by Br and OH there should be ir spectrum of Br dan OH in the IR spectrum of product

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Because carbon establishes four bonds to other atoms, whereas hydrogen and fluorine only form one, the balls used to symbolize these elements have four and oxygen has two holes, respectively.

Fluorine is univalent, which means it can only create one bond with hydrogen, whereas carbon is tetravalent and can establish up to four bonds. As a result, carbon has four pegs while fluorine and hydrogen only have one. Each molecule of HF has one hydrogen atom that may form a hydrogen bond, while the fluorine atom possesses three lone pairs of electrons. The maximum amount of hydrogen atoms can form hydrogen bonds, and each HF molecule will typically form two hydrogen bonds.

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The dot structure of Ar will have 6 electron in their valence shell.

Lewis dot structures, also known as electron dot structures, are schematics that show the interatomic chemical bonds in a molecule. Additionally, they show how many lone pairs there are overall in each of the atoms that make up the molecule. Common names for Lewis dot structures include electron dot structures and Lewis structures. Lewis described an acid as an electron pair acceptor, while a base is an electron pair giver.

The electronic structures of the elements, including the electron pairings, are reflected in the Lewis dot structures. Lewis structures can be viewed as "electron bookkeeping" and are a helpful way to condense some bonding-related information. Each dot in a Lewis dot structure corresponds to an electron. A bond is denoted by two dots placed between the atoms in chemical symbols.

Hence, Ar dot structure will be different from neutral Ar atom.

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The ideal gas law and the gas mass are both used to determine the amount of hydrogen in moles. Learn about the ideal gas law, which is expressed as PV = nRT, where "P" stands for pressure, "V" for volume, "n" for the number of moles of a gas, and "T" for temperature.

The weight of one mole of a sample is known as the molar mass. To determine the molecular mass of a molecule, multiply the subscript (number of atoms) by the atomic mass of each element in the molecule, then add the masses of all the elements in the molecule together.

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When 1.2 moles of phosphorus trichloride reacts then 1.2 moles of  chlorine is needed.

pcl3+cl2 ->pcl5

1 moles of PCl3 reacts with 1 mole of Cl2 to produce 1 mole of pcl5.

now, if 1.2 moles phosphorus trichloride reacts then same amount (1.2 mole) is needed to make 1.2 mole of phosphorus pentachloride.

When determining how much of a substance there is, the concept of a mole is helpful. When dealing with particles at the atomic (or molecular) level, it is commonly known that even a single grams of a pure element includes an astoundingly high number of atoms. The mole notion is widely utilized in this context. The most common unit of measurement is the "mole," which is a count of many particles.The number 6.02214076*1023, commonly known as the Avogadro constant, is frequently denoted by the letter "NA". Among the elementary entities that can be represented in moles are atoms, molecules, monoatomic and polyatomic ions, as well as other particles (such as electrons).

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The statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation.

Alchemy is considered a pseudoscience. The statement that "all matter is composed of air, fire, earth, and water" is not consistent with our modern scientific understanding of matter. Alchemy was an ancient practice that attempted to transform base metals into noble metals (such as gold) and find a way to achieve eternal life, among other goals. While alchemy did contribute to the development of early chemistry and the discovery of some chemical processes, its beliefs and methodologies were often based on mystical and philosophical concepts rather than empirical scientific evidence.

In contrast, modern science understands that matter is composed of atoms and elements. The periodic table categorizes all known elements, and we have a comprehensive understanding of atomic structure and chemical reactions, which is not consistent with the alchemical view of matter being composed of air, fire, earth, and water.

Therefore, the statement that "it is pseudoscience because ancient knowledge is mystical yet reliable" is the most appropriate explanation. Alchemy is considered pseudoscience because its claims and theories were based on mystical and speculative beliefs rather than the systematic empirical observations and rigorous scientific methodology that characterize genuine scientific endeavors.

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The gas would have a 11.05 L volume at a constant temperature.

Individual atoms, elemental molecules derived from a single type of atom, or complex molecules derived from a number of atoms can all be found in a pure gas. A gas mixture like air contains a variety of pure gases. A gas is a form of matter that adapts the form of the container it is housed in and creates an uniform distribution inside the container, defying gravity and having no concern for the substance amount present.

Gases include substances like oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, helium, steam, and dry ice, to name a few. Because their particles are much more dispersed than those in solids or liquids, gases are thought to be significantly less dense.

P1 = 3.0 atm

V1 = 6 lit

P2 = 1240 mm Hg = 1.63 atm

V2 = ?

P1V1 = P2V2

3.0 X 6 = 1.63 X V2

V2 = 11.05

When a fixed mass of gas is cooled, its volume decreases, and when the temperature is raised, its volume increases.

V1 / T1 = V2 / T2 (Sometimes known as Charles's Law)

V1 = is the starting volume

T1 = is the starting temperature

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The statements which is not true is Covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements as ionic bond forms between non-metal and metal elements .

The bond formed by pairing of electrons between the atoms by sharing electron to each other is  known as Covalent bonds. It is generally formed between two Non-metals.

Ionic Bond is formed because of electrostatic attraction. This generally formed in the opposite charged ions of the atoms that why they generally form between Metals and Non- metals.

Hence, statements which is not true is Covalent bonds form between non-metal and metal elements as ionic bond forms between non-metal and metal elements .

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For the given ion electronic structure, the atomic number is 50, electrons present in this ion is 48, it forms cation with +2 charge. The atom is Tin and the symbol is "Sn".

What is electronic configuration?

Also called electronic structure, the arrangement of electrons in orbits around the nucleus. The electron configuration of atoms in quantum mechanical models is given by ordering the occupied orbitals in order of packing, with the number of electrons in each orbital indicated as a superscript.

What is atomic number?

The atomic number, or atomic number of a chemical element, is the number of electric charges in the nucleus. For normal atomic nuclei, this equals the number of protons, or the number of protons found in the nucleus of each atom of that element. Atomic numbers can be used to uniquely identify common chemical elements.

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The ph of 1.00 l of a buffer that is 1.00 m in acetic acid and 1.00 m in sodium acetate after the addition of 0.900 mole of naoh is 5.28.

initial moles of sodium acetate = acetic acid = 1 m * 1 L = 1 moles

[ acetate ] after adding NaOH = 1 mol+ 0.55 mol = 1.55 M

[acetic acid] after adding NaOH = 1 mol - 0.55 mol = 0.45 M

According to Handerson-Hasselblach equation:

PH = Pka + ㏒ [ acetate]/[acetic acid]

when Pka = 4.74

so, by substitution:

∴PH = 4.74 + ㏒[1.55/0.45]

∴ PH = 5.28

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The most common pH indicator used in Simmons Citrate Agar is Bromthymol Blue (BTB)

Simmons Citrate Agar is a selective and differential medium used for the detection and differentiation of Enterobacteriaceae (gram-negative bacteria).

The medium contains sodium citrate as the sole carbon source, which is used to differentiate organisms based on their ability to utilize citrate as a sole carbon source.

The medium also contains pH indicators that change color based on the pH of the medium. The most common pH indicator used in Simmons Citrate Agar is Bromthymol Blue (BTB).

BTB is a pH indicator that turns yellow in acidic conditions and blue in basic conditions. As the bacteria metabolize the citrate in the medium, they produce acids, which cause the medium to become acidic.

This change in pH is detected by the BTB, which changes color from blue to yellow. The yellow coloration of the medium is an indication that the organism is utilizing citrate as a sole carbon source.

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This indicates that hyaluronic acid clots in the presence of acetic acid.

The ability of hyaluronidase to prevent the development of a tight mucus clot with acetic acid shows the existence of highly polymerized hyaluronic acid. In vitro, highly polymerized hyaluronic acid is produced by cultured cells of different mesenchymal tissues. The concentration of hyaluronic acid in freshly prepared, concentrated embryo extract was determined to be between 210 and 240 mcg/ml.

Hyaluronic acid found in embryo extract was depolymerized in tissue culture with days between medium changes.

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The complete question is

A physician attempts to aspirate a knee joint and obtains 0.1mL of slightly bloody fluid. Addition of acetic acid results in turbidity and a clot. This indicates that

Most studied answer

a)the fluid is synovial fluid

b)hyaluronic acid clots in the presence of acetic acid.

c)hyaluronic acid is part of synovial fluid

(order in NO ) + (order in H2 ) = overall order = third

2 + (order in H2 ) = 3

(order in H2 ) = 3 - 2 = 1 = first order in H2 .

Rate = k[ NO ] 2 [ H2 ] 1 = k[NO]2[H2] .

What is Rate of reaction?

The rate at which reactants change into products is known as the rate of reaction or reaction rate. It goes without saying that the rate at which chemical reactions take place varies greatly. While certain chemical reactions occur almost instantly, others typically take time to achieve their final equilibrium.

Reaction rate is the rate at which a chemical reaction moves forward. It is frequently described in terms of either the concentration of a reactant that is consumed in a unit of time or the concentration of a product that is generated in a unit of time (amount per unit volume).

You may also define it in terms of how much of the reactants are used up or how much of the products are produced in a given amount of time. Consider, for illustration, a reaction where the balanced chemical equation is of the type A + 3B →   2Z.

The following alternate ways of expressing the rate are also possible:

Where t is the time, [A], [B], and [Z] are the substance concentrations, and a, b, and z are their amounts, the formula reads: d[Z]/dt, -d[A], -d[B], dz/dt, da/dt, and db/dt. Please take note that these six expressions are not interchangeable; rather, they are just connected.

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Hydrogen fluoride, HF has the strongest individual hydrogen bonds between its molecules.

An inorganic substance with the chemical formula HF is hydrogen fluoride. The main industrial source of fluorine is this colorless gas or liquid, which is frequently an aqueous solution known as hydrofluoric acid.

Aluminum, plastics, electrical components, pharmaceuticals, high-octane fuel, fluorescent light bulbs, and refrigerants are all made with hydrogen fluoride. The production of refrigerants uses 60% of the hydrogen fluoride used in manufacturing.

The difference in charge between hydrogen ions that are slightly positive and other hydrogen ions that are slightly negative results in hydrogen bonds, which are electrostatic forces that attract. Hydrogen bonds form between nearby hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent water molecules in the case of water.

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The standard Gibbs energy change for the following reaction is 23 kj mol-1 at 298 k what are the concentrations of ca2 and so42- at equilibrium is 3032K.

What is Gibbs energy ?

The Gibbs free energy, also referred to as the Gibbs function, Gibbs energy, or free enthalpy, is a unit of measurement used to determine the maximum amount of work that can be accomplished in a thermodynamic system when the temperature and pressure are held constant.

What is equilibrium ?

Chemical equilibrium is characterized as a dynamic condition in which the concentration of each reactant remains constant. Even if they aren't equal, they aren't altering. An equilibrium state in a chemical reaction is denoted by a double arrow. Left are reactants, and right are products.

ΔG∘=−1486kJ/mol

T=3032K

ΔG∘=ΔH∘−TΔS∘

Under standard conditions T=298K

∴ΔG∘=−1648.4×10³−(298×−543.7)

ΔG∘=−1486 kJ/mol

At equilibrium ΔG=0

∴0=ΔH∘−TΔS∘

assuming the enthalpy and entropy changes don't change much with temperature we can use the standard values.

∴T=ΔH∘ΔS∘

T=−1648.4×10³−543.7K

T=3032K

Therefore, standard Gibbs energy change for the following reaction is 23 kj mol-1 at 298 k what are the concentrations of ca2 and so42- at equilibrium is 3032K.

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The temperature of the mixture does not change at all until all the ice has melted, at which point it increases at a constant rate.

A physical number known as temperature expresses the concepts of hotness and coolness in numerical form. With a thermometer, temperature is measured.

Thermometers are calibrated using a number of temperature scales that have defined distinct reference points and thermometric substances. The most widely used scales are the Kelvin scale (K), which is mostly used for scientific reasons, the Fahrenheit scale (°F), and the Celsius scale (°C), formerly known as centigrade, with the unit symbol °C. In the International System of Units, one of the seven base units is the kelvin (SI).

The lowest temperature on the thermodynamic scale is absolute zero, or 0 kelvin, or 273.15 degrees Celsius. As stated in the third law of thermodynamics, experimentally it can only be very closely approached but not actually reached.

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The NaOH 31.5 ml of 0.0833 M NaOH will be required to 25.0 mL of 0.105 M HCl.

Given

M1= 0.105 M HCl

V1 = 25 ml HCl

M2 = ?

V2 = 31.5 ml NaOH

From concentration calculation

M1V1 = M2V2

0.105 M x 25 ml = M2 x  31.5 ml

M2 = 0.0833 M NaOH

Titration is a technique for determining an unknown solution's concentration. Titrating refers to a solution's known concentration. The burette is filled with the titrant. Analyte or titrate refers to the solution's undetermined concentration. In Erlenmeyer, the analyte or titrate is added.

Hence, HCl is titrated with NaOH in given concentrations.

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35 g al(s) reacts with excess hcl(aq) according to the chemical equation shown above. what is the volume (in l) of h2 gas produced at a temperature of 345 k and a pressure of 1.12 atm?

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

3 moles of H2 produced from 2 moles of Al

3*2g of H2 produced from 2*27g of Al

75g of H2 produced from  = 2*27*75/(3*2)   = 675g of Al >>>>answer

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl

2*27g of Al react with 6 moles of HCl

4.25g of Al react with = 6mole*4.25g/(2*27g)   = 0.472 moles of HCl

no of moles of HCl  = molarity * volume in L

0.472                   = 5*volume in L

volume in L   = 0.472/5   = 0.0944 L  = 94.4ml >>>>answer

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

2 moles of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2

2*27g of Al react with excess of HCl 3 moles of H2

35g of Al react with excess of HCl = 3*35/(2*27)  = 1.94 moles of H2

n  = 1.94moles

T  = 345K

P = 1.12atm

PV  = nRT

V   = nRT/P

   = 1.94*0.0821*345/(1.12)   = 49.1 L of H2 >>>>answer

part-D

no of moles of Al  = W/G.M.Wt

                          = 125/27   = 4.63moles

no of moles of HCl  = molarity *volume in L

                             = 3.2*2.5   = 8moles

2Al(s)  + 6HCl(aq) ----------------> 2AlCl3(aq)  + 3H2(g)

2 moles of Al react with 6 moles of HCl

4.63 moles of Al react with = 6*4.63/2   = 13.89 moles of HCl is required

HCl is limiting reactant

6 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives 3 moles of H2

8 moles of HCl react with excess of Al to gives = 3*8/6  = 4 moles of H2

theoretical yield of H2  = no of moles * gram mola rmass

                                   = 4*2  = 8g

A chemical is any substance that has a described composition. In other phrases, a chemical is continually made up of the identical "stuff." a few chemical compounds occur in nature, such as water.

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There are three stages to the ENSO weather phenomena. The Pacific Ocean can experience El Nio (extremely warm currents), La Nia  and Neutral from October through spring of the next year.

What phase of ENSO is it right now?

The most current ONI value is -1.0oC (August to October 2022). Based on the Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST. v5 SST anomalies in the Nino 3.4 zone (5N-5S, 120-170W)], recent Pacific warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes are shown.

Is ENSO cool or warm?

El Nio, Neutral, or La Nia are the three possible ENSO patterns in the tropical Pacific. El Nio and La Nia (the warm phase of each) (the cool phase)

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If a catalyst were added to the reaction of crystal violet with sodium hydroxide, effects could occur is the mechanism of the reaction would change , the activation energy of the reaction would change and the rate of reaction would change.

When we add catalyst to the reaction the rate of reaction would change . the catalyst decreases the activation energy of the reaction . it will speed up the rate of the reaction. the mechanism of the reaction would change.

Thus, the catalyst lowers down the activation energy of the reaction . so, the rate of the reaction would change.

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