In eukaryotes, three RNA polymerases are involved in the transcription of nuclear genes: RNA polymerase (pol) I synthesizes large rRNA, pol II synthesizes mRNA, and pol III synthesizes tRNA and 5S rRNA.
Eukaryotic cells have three unique nuclear RNA polymerases that transcribe various gene types. RNA polymerase II transcribes protein-coding genes to produce mRNAs; RNA polymerases I and III transcribe ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and transfer RNAs (tRNAs).
RNA Polymerase I is a ribosomal RNA transcription enzyme. RNA Polymerase II is an enzyme that transcribes mRNA precursors. RNA Polymerase III is a tRNA transcription enzyme. Except for the 5S rRNA component, it transcribes all rRNAs.
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When four hydrogen atoms bind with oxygen and four electrons, what molecule is created?
When four hydrogen atoms bind with oxygen and four electrons, Covalent bond and H3OH molecule creation occurs.
A covalent bond is a type of chemical relationship in which atoms share electron pairs.
What do you mean by Molecule ?A molecule is the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical substance and is defined as a collection of two (2) or more atoms that are chemically linked together. Additionally, molecules have the ability to participate in chemical reactions.
According to Science, molecular biology is a subfield of biology that is primarily concerned with studying molecules, particularly the actions and chemical composition connected to biological ideas and occurrences.When atoms share electrons, a stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between them is known as covalent bonding. These electron pairs are also known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. (From a dictionary)Compared to hydrogen, oxygen attracts the electron density closer to itself.To know more about Molecule please click here : https://brainly.com/question/26044300
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Where are the mountains of South America located? What is the reason for those mountains?
Answer: Most mountains in South Africa are near the Coast. The reason for those mountains is for farming.
Explanation: I learned in AP World History that most of the people in South Africa plant crops on the mountain, so that is why I believe it is for farming.
what biome is characterized by alternating rainy and dry seasons and large herds of grazing animals that migrate in response to the seasons?
Tropical dry forest, also called monsoon forest or tropical deciduous forest, biome of any open forest in tropical areas that have a long dry season followed by a heavy rainy season.
Except for Antarctica, all continents are home to the grassland biome, which is characterized by its flat, grassy terrain and scant tree cover. These areas are home to huge grazing species like elephants or bison in addition to small mammals, birds, and predators. The grassland biome is made up of broad, open grassy plains. They are housed in a setting that frequently has fires and grazing animals. There are two different types of grasslands: savannas and temperate grasslands. If it rained all year, the savannahs would transform into lush tropical forests with tall trees. Grasslands cannot persist without periods of dry weather that prevent trees from encroaching.
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is an ecosystem conservation strategy that seeks specifically to monitor and meet the needs of a suite of species in an attempt to keep the ecosystem fully functional for all species that live there.
Landscape conservation is an ecosystem conservation strategy that seeks specifically to monitor and meet the needs of a suite of species in an attempt to keep the ecosystem fully functional for all species that live there.
What is ecosystem conservation?Ecosystem conservаtion is а comprehensive plаn thаt seeks to mаintаin аll species of plаnts аnd аnimаls in а geogrаphic аreа through the mаnаgement of nаturаl resources. Whereаs mаny types of conservаtion mаy focus on one аreа, such аs аir or wаter quаlity, conservаtion of аn entire ecosystem tаkes аll of it into аccount.
Our nаturаl lаndscаpes аre essentiаl, for cleаn wаter, heаlthy ecosystems, vibrаnt communities аnd economies, climаte resilience, culturаl heritаge, outdoor recreаtion, аnd locаl sense of plаce. Lаndscаpe conservаtion is аn аpproаch thаt brings people together аcross geogrаphies, sectors, аnd cultures to collаborаte on conserving our importаnt lаndscаpes аnd the myriаd ecologicаl, culturаl, аnd economic benefits they provide.
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how could the duplication of the hox gene complex help facilitate animal adaptive radiation? how could the duplication of the hox gene complex help facilitate animal adaptive radiation? the new gene copies led to lower metabolic rates. the new gene copies helped facilitate the evolution of more complex body plans
The new gene copies helped facilitate the evolution of more complex body plans, thus duplication of the hox gene complex help facilitate animal adaptive radiation.
The function of the Hox genes is to specify positional identity in the embryo rather than the development of any specific structure. These genes are an evolutionary highly conserved gene family. These genes determine the anterior-posterior body axis in bilateral organisms and influence the developmental fate of cells. One copy of a gene can perform the original function, while other copies are available to take on new functions. Patterns of Hox gene activity give each of the segment an identity, giving information about where it is in the body and what structures it should grow. Thus, essentially as the hox gene is responsible for some sort of macro scale body organization and help facilitate animal adaptive radiation.
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Complete question- How could the duplication of the Hox gene complex help facilitate animal adaplive radiation? a) The new gene copies helped facilitate the evolution more complex pody plans b) The new gene copies led to lower metabolic rates c) It is unlikely that gene duplication events in the Hox complex played role in the adaptive radiation animals d) The new gene copies helped facilitate the evolution of smaller bodies.
Tatuo Aida investigated the genetic basis of color variation in the Medaka (Aplocheilus latipes), a small fish found in Japan (Aida, 1921). Aida found that genes at two loci (B, b and R, r) determine the color of the fish. Specifically, fish with a dominant allele at both loci (B_R_) are brown, fish with a dominant allele at the B locus only (B_ rr) are blue, fish with a dominant allele at the R locus only (bb R_) are red, and fish with recessive alleles at both loci (bb rr) are white. What results would you expect if you crossed a homozygous red fish with a homozygous blue fish and then backcrossed the Fi with a homozygous red parental fish? The Fı generation is BB RR OB_R Bb Rr The F2 generation is Brown Red genotypes Bb Rr bb Rr Answer Bank Bb RR bb RR BB RR Bb RT bb Rr BB Rr Incorrect
Backcross offspring received recessive alleles b and r. The alleles received from the other parent thus determine their phenotype:
Brown fish are referred to as Bb Rr, blue fish as Bb rr, red fish as bb Rr, and white fish as bb rr.
b. We anticipate a 1:1:1:1 phenotype ratio.
We cannot reject the hypothesis because df = 4 - 1 = 3; 0.9 p 0.975.
c. A homozygous red fish is bb RR crossed to b and r. All descendants would be bb Rr, or red fish.
d. Red fish bb RR homozygous + blue fish BB rr homozygous
F1 will be all brown because Bb Rr was backcrossed to Bb RR (homozygous red parent)
Backcross progeny will be distributed equally. Bb Rr (brown); Bb Rr (brown).
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red-green colorblindness in humans is caused by a sex-linked recessive allele. a colorblind man marries a woman with normal vision whose father was colorblind. the couple has a son. what is the probability that he is colorblind?
1/4 or 25% will be the probability that the child born is colorblind when a colorblind man marries a normal vision woman.
The three distinct varieties of colorblind are anomalous trichromatism, dichromatism, and monochromatism. The inability to distinguish between the hues of red and green is a common symptom of colour blindness. For inherited colour blindness, there is no cure. Treating the underlying problem may be helpful if colorblind is brought on by another illness. Despite being seen as a minor impairment, colorblindness affects slightly less than 10% of all men, making this audience very large.
Simply put, probability measures how probable something is to occur. We can discuss the probabilities of various outcomes to determine how likely they are whenever we are uncertain about the result of an event. Statistics is the study of events subject to probability.
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What would be the consequence of ectopically expressing hoxd10 throughout the developing mouse limb bud?.
Converting the thumb into an index finger will be the consequence of ectopically expressing HOX10 throughout the developing mouse limb bud.
The HOXD10 gene in humans produces the protein homeobox D10, commonly known as HOXD10.
The protein that this gene produces has a homeobox DNA-binding domain and is a member of the Abd-B homeobox family. It is a component of a group of homeobox D genes on chromosome 2. The nuclear protein is expressed in growing limb buds and performs as a sequence-specific transcription factor that is involved in differentiation and limb development.
The miR-10a and miR-10b microRNAs suppress the HOXD10 gene.
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in regulatory systems, the phenomenon of negative feedback group of answer choices is the least common type of feedback mechanism stimulates a return to set point. amplifies a response. disrupts homeostasis. destabilizes a system with runaway feedback.
In regulatory systems, the phenomenon of negative feedback stimulates a return toward the set point.
Negative remarks (or balancing remarks) happens while some function of the output of a system, process, or mechanism is fed back in a way that has a tendency to lessen the fluctuations withinside the output, whether or not because of modifications withinside the enter or through different disturbances.
Whereas fantastic remarks has a tendency to result in instability via exponential growth, oscillation or chaotic behavior, terrible remarks usually promotes stability. Negative remarks has a tendency to sell a settling to equilibrium, and decreases the results of perturbations. Negative remarks loops wherein simply the proper quantity of correction is carried out with most reliable timing may be very stable, accurate, and responsive.
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What must happen to a cell's chromosomes before they line up at a cell's equator during mitosis?
O They condense into X shapes.
O They pair up as homologous chromosomes.
O They divide in half among each other.
O They separate based on size.
What must happen to a cell's chromosomes before they line up at a cell's equator during mitosis?
O They condense into X shapes.
O They pair up as homologous chromosomes.
O They divide in half among each other.
O They separate based on size.
A cell's chromosomes condense into X-shape before they line up at a cell's equator, during mitosis.
Why it is necessary to condense the chromosome as X-shape during mitosis?
Mitosis is a part of the cell cycle for cell growth. It is also known as equational division as the cell will divide into two exactly similar cells. To make sure the equal division of cell chromosome to each daughter cells it is necessary for the chromosome to aline as X-shape so that during division the chromatins move to their respective poles.
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who conducted the x-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of dna? see concept 16.1 (page)
Rosalind Franklin is the person who conducted the x-ray diffraction studies that were key to the discovery of the structure of DNA.
DNA was fisrt identified by Friedrich Meischer in 1869 as an acidic substance present in nucleus.He named it as 'Nuclein'.DNA, abbreviation is Deoxyribonucleic Acid, organic chemical of complex molecular structure that is found in all prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and in many viruses. Rosalind Franklin was actually x-ray crystallographer.Rosalind Franklin and Francis Wilkins studied the X-ray diffraction model of DNA to find out its structural properties.Crick and Watson discovered the double helix structure of DNA.
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marfan syndrome is an autosomal recessive disease, what is the frequency of heterozygote carriers for this disease
The particular symptoms and severity of Marfan syndrome vary widely between individuals. Marfan syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic.
which means that having the illness requires just one defective copy of the Marfan gene inherited from one parent. Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations or deletions (pathogenic variations) in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene.
The particular symptoms and severity of Marfan syndrome vary widely between individuals. Marfan syndrome is inherited as an autosomal dominant characteristic, which means that having the illness requires just one defective copy of the Marfan gene inherited from one parent.
Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations or deletions (pathogenic variations) in the fibrillin-1 (FBN1) gene.
The number of individuals that are heterozygous. The frequency of heterozygous people is equivalent to 2pq. In this situation, 2pq equals 0.32, indicating that 32% of people are heterozygous for this gene (i.e. 2 (0.8)(0.2) = 0.32).
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low blood glucose is called , whereas high blood glucose is called . group of answer choices hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia hypoglycemia; polydipsia hypoglycemia; hyperglycemia metabolic syndrome; hyperglycemia
PLEASE HELP ME, I HAVE TO DO IT TODAY, IT'S MISSING WORK. PLEASE. AT LEAST A SIMILAR PICTURE OR SOMETHING, I'M HAVING TO DO IT ON THE CHROMEBOOK, PLEASE HURRY. I AT LEAST NEED AN IDEA BECAUSE I'M CLUELESS.
(Also this is Agriscience)
Create a drawing to demonstrate each step in the cell division mitosis cycle:
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Interphase
Pics from my Biology textbook....XDXD
what is the role of gastrin in the digestive system? a. to stimulate release of bile and pancreatic juice b. to stimulate gastric secretion c. to activate pepsinogen d. to hydrolyse proteins to polypeptides
The Correct answer is Option B
b. to stimulate gastric secretion
What is Gastric secretion ?
Protein digestion and the absorption of iron, calcium, and vitamin B12 are made easier by gastric acid. Additionally, it guards against intestinal infections such prion disease and bacterial overgrowth. Duodenal ulcer, gastric ulcer, and gastroesophageal reflux disease can develop when homeostatic processes fail because the volume and concentration of acid can overwhelm mucosal defenses. This article discusses new findings that help us understand how the central, peripheral, and intracellular levels of stomach acid secretion are regulated.
Afferent fibers in the vagus nerve carry sensory data from the stomach to the nucleus of the solitary tract. Vagal efferent neurons, which come from two different brain stem nuclei, get input from the solitary tract nucleus.
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The human genome is about 650 times larger than that of e. Coli. What characteristics of the human genome are responsible for this difference?.
1,000 times larger size of the human genome than that of E. coli is not solely attributable to the fact that there are more genes in humans. Only about 25 times more genes exist in the human genome than in E. coli, which is thought to have about 100,000 genes.
The size of the Escherichia coli genome ranges from 4.5 to 5.5 Mb. It is unknown whether this variation is evenly distributed throughout the genome, concentrated at a small number of chromosomal loci, or found on plasmids. Additionally, little is known about the functional correlates of size variation across different genome copies.
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which of the following is not an example of dysbiosis? choose one:a. increased amount of clostridioides difficile in the gut caused by antibiotic therapyb. gut microbes in the urinary tractc. bacteriocin-secreting e. coli in the gutd. methanogens in the gut that cause other microbes to
Increased amount of clostridioides difficile in the gut caused by antibiotic therapy is not an example of dysbiosis.
Dysbiosis is regularly described as an “imbalance” withinside the intestine microbial network this is related to disease. This imbalance can be because of the advantage or lack of network contributors or adjustments in relative abundance of microbes.The accelerated quantities of intracellular pathogenic micro organism reasons an imbalance withinside the intestine microbiota, this dysbiosis then can result in persistent inflammation, which will increase the threat of growing illnesses including IBD and may end up a carcinogenic environment.
Thus, the correct option is a.
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How wave properties change in different media?
Different materials have different densities. The speed at which the wave enters or leaves through a medium changes as well.
What is a wave components mentioned as ?It is divided into two parts where the first is called as crest which is the upper part and trough that is called the lower part which touches the wave axis.
Every material has a different density and different wave will have then the different medium of propagation. When the waves are moving from one material to another then the frequency is never changing but as they are moving into denser medium then it is slowing down.
Sound waves travels the lowest through the gases and the solids infact are a fast source of sound receiving.
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A manager at a pizza shop wants to start visually checking finished pizzas, but she doesn't have time to check every pizza. She decides to check a random pizza in the first 20 2020 made each day, and then check every 2 0 th 20 th 20, start superscript, start text, t, h, end text, end superscript pizza thereafter. What type of sample is this?.
The term "sampling" refers to a process used by researchers to gather or select information such as objects, observations, or people from a larger statistical population, particularly through the use of particular techniques.
the various sampling methods.
Researchers employ a variety of sampling techniques in statistics, some of which are as follows:
sample that is stratified.
random selection.
commoditized sampling.
group sampling
a methodical sampling.
A researcher gathers or selects data from a broader population using a systematic sampling technique, particularly by choosing an ordered (fixed) sample population at regular intervals, like the 20th pizza.
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which nerve is highlighted? which nerve is highlighted? facial vestibular vestibulocochlear cochlear
Determine the entity that transmits olfactory nerve fibers. The trigeminal nerve crosses the petrous temporal bone, which is depicted in yellow.
It is then referred to as Meckel's cave and is covered in dura mater. The ocular, maxillary, and mandibular branches make up its three divisions.
When compared to the cochlear nerve, which controls hearing, the vestibular nerve is primarily in charge of maintaining balance and eye movements.
The vestibulocochlear nerve is located on the eighth cranial nerve. The vestibular section of it controls balance, spatial awareness, and posture, while the cochlear branch is in charge of the unique sense of hearing.
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the global distribution of terrestrial ecosystems is primarily controlled by two factors, and . (choose 2 from below)
The global distribution of terrestrial ecosystems is primarily determined by two factors, They are Temperature and Precipitation .
Soil ecosystems are the communities of soil organisms and the combination of biotic and abiotic factors in a given area. the distribution of terrestrial ecosystems will change as the flora and fauna changes.The functioning of terrestrial ecosystems is governed by three main factors: The study helps to better assess the capacity of global ecosystems to adapt to climate change. scale ecosystems (biomes) are dominated by time. Latitude, air pressure, and winds are important factors that determine the climate of an area.
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Prokaryotes stain as gram-positive or gram-negative because of differences in the cell ___.
Due to variations in the cell wall, prokaryotes can either stain gram-positive or gram-negative.
Why are prokaryotes gram-positive or gram-negative stained?The thick, peptidoglycan coating of gram-positive bacteria's cell walls will hold onto the dye, causing them to stain violet. The bacteria will stain red if they are gram-negative and the dye leaks through the thin peptidoglycan coating.
What distinguishes gram-positive bacteria from gram-negative bacteria?The hue of a Gram stain is purple. The bacteria in a sample will either stay purple or turn pink or red when the stain and bacteria combine.
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Which three statements correctly describe the roles of rna molecules in the process of transcription and translation in animal cells?.
Transcription is the process where mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template whereas translation is the process where an amino acid sequence is synthesized from mRNA.
What describes the role of RNA molecules in transcriptions and translation?Three statements that correctly describe the roles of RNA molecules in the process of transcription and translation in animal cells are:
mRNA molecules carry genetic information from gene in the nucleus to the ribosome in cytoplasm.
tRNA molecules carry appropriate amino acid to growing polypeptide.
Ribosomal RNA molecules functions in the assembly of the ribosome-mRNA complex and also in the formation of peptide bonds between the amino acids in the growing polypeptide.
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Which statement is true about the DNA molecule during transcription?
Answer: D. Only a small area is open. Please pick brainliest.
Explanation:
Returning fluid and solutes from filtrate to blood happens via __________.
A) tubular secretion
B) tubular reabsorption
C) tubular absorption
D) glomerular filtration
The four stages of urine formation: glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, tubular secretion, and water conservation are discussed below.
Explain about urine formation?Urine Formation
Kidney contains nephrons ,whose main function is excrete out unwanted substance from body , in the form of urine.Urine formation involves three major process i.e. , Glomerular filtration , Tubular reabsorption and Tubular secretion.Glomerular filtration -
It is the filtration process in which blood is filtered and the nitrogenous waste and water moves inside the glomerulus.It is a process of ultrafiltration that is carried out by the glomerulus and it's the first step in urine formation.Around 1100-1200 ml of blood is filtered by the kidneys per minute.Tubular reabsorption -
In this process, the molecules and ions gets reabsorbed into the circulatory system.Around 99% of the glomerular filtrate formed is reabsorbed by the renal tubules in the kidneys.Substances like glucose, amino acids, sodium ions, nitrogenous wastes, water, etc. are reabsorbed.Tubular secretion -
The secretion process in which , substances like hydrogen ions , creatinine and drugs are removed from the blood and collected in the duct.And the end product of this is the Urine.It is an important step in urine formation as it helps in maintaining ionic and osmotic balance in the body.Sodium ion, hydrogen ion, and ammonia are secreted into the filtrate by the tubular cells in the kidneys.To learn more about urine formation refer to:
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TRUE/FALSE. during facilitated diffusion, a given carrier protein can move a substance either into or out of the cell depending on its concentration gradient.
During facilitated diffusion, a given carrier protein can move a substance either into or out of the cell depending on its concentration gradient the statement is true.
What is diffusion?
The process of a substance's molecules moving over a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called diffusion.
What is concentration?
The capacity for concentration concentrating more precisely on a specific thing. All of that clamor is stealing my focus. a major itself or a specialization within a major in academia.
A specific carrier protein can transport a substance into or out of the cell depending on the gradient of the substance's concentration during assisted diffusion.
comprise the movement of substances along concentration gradients. protein. One carrier protein can bind and carry numerous different kinds of molecules.
Therefore, during facilitated diffusion, a given carrier protein can move a substance either into or out of the cell depending on its concentration gradient the statement is true.
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which of the following statements about cardiac cycle is right ? question 7 options: a) right atrium and right ventricle contract at the same time. b) left ventricle contracts after the contraction of right ventricle. c) left and right ventricles contract at the same time. d) left atrium and left ventricle contract at the same time.
The correct statement about the cardiac cycle is that the left and right ventricles contract at the same time.
The heart is a vital organ made of four chambers. The right and left sides of the heart are further separated into two chambers, located on either side of the cavity of the heart. The bottom chamber is known as a ventricle, and the upper chamber is known as an atrium (or auricle).
The ventricle is divided into left and right ventricles, and the auricle is divided into left and right auricles. The blood first flows into the auricle. At the beginning of the cardiac cycle, both the left and right auricles contract.
Then, the AV valves between the auricle and ventricle open, which allows blood into the ventricles. The left and right ventricles contract at the same time and open the semilunar valve to allow the blood to flow into the arteries.
Therefore, the correct option is option c).
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if an individual failed to develop any mature lymphocytes, they would have lessened innate responses to infection and lessened adaptive responses to infection. true
The statement 'if an individual failed to develop any mature lymphocytes, they would have lessened innate responses to infection and lessened adaptive responses to infection' is true.
In the field of biology, lymphocytes can be described as a certain kind of white blood cells that help the body in generating an immune response in various ways. they also help in activating other immune cells such as the B cells, natural killer cells, T cells etc.
Lymphocytes help in generating an innate as well as an adaptive response. Hence, if an individual fails to develop any mature lymphocytes, then the innate, as well as the adaptive responses against infections, will be affected.
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Which scientific information most likely lead to school districts requiring vaccines?
Answer:
Explanation:
Scientific information that most likely lead to school districts requiring vaccines would be that vaccines prevent diseases and can improve a school’s safety.
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examine the satellite view of chlorophyll concentrations in the southern atlantic ocean along the southwest coast of africa (the nations of namibia and south africa). which of the following statements offers the best explanation for the observed pattern(s)?
Chlorophyll concentrations are highest along the edges of continents, such as the west coastlines of Africa, North and South America.
Alongshore breezes sweep away the surface water, allowing nutrient-rich deep water to rise along the steep continental edges in a process known as coastal upwelling.
Cold polar waters or regions where ocean currents carry cold water to the top, such as near the equator and along continent coasts, have the highest chlorophyll concentrations, where microscopic surface-dwelling ocean plants thrive.
Rising water, also known as upwelling, transports iron and other nutrients from the ocean floor. Cold coastal upwelling, followed by phytoplankton growth, is most visible along the west coastlines of North and South America, as well as southern Africa.
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