Answer:
B
Explanation:
because it's an element
The diagram shows a cross section of a thermos the vacuum between the outer and inner bottles is a space containing no air of other matter
Answer:
which diagram are you talking about?
The answer is
It prevents particles from transferring thermal energy between the outer and inner bottles
To earn full credit for your answers, you must show the appropriate formula, the correct substitutions , and your answer including the correct units
One hundred and forty-eight hawks are living on a prairie that is twenty-two square kilometers in size. What is the population density of the hawks?
The population density of the hawks is 6.73 hawks/sq. km.
What is the population density?Population density is defined as the number of individuals of a species per unit area.
Population density = Number of individuals / Area
In this problem, we are given:
Number of individuals = 148 hawksArea = 22 square kilometersSubstituting these values in the formula, we get:
Population density = 148 hawks / 22 sq. km
Simplifying this expression, we get:
Population density = 6.73 hawks/sq. km
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What are some innovations that we use every day that have been created from NASA research?
Answer:
Memory foam: NASA developed memory foam to help cushion and support astronauts during space flight. Today, it is used in mattresses, pillows, and other products to provide comfort and support.
Cordless power tools: NASA developed cordless power tools to help astronauts conduct repairs and experiments in space. Today, these tools are widely used in construction, manufacturing, and other industries.
Water filtration systems: NASA developed advanced water filtration systems to help astronauts recycle water in space. These systems are now used in homes and businesses to purify water for drinking and other purposes.
Scratch-resistant lenses: NASA developed a scratch-resistant coating for astronaut helmet visors that is now used on eyeglasses and other lenses.
GPS technology: NASA's Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is used for navigation in cars, airplanes, and boats, as well as for location-based services on smartphones and other devices.
Artificial limbs: NASA developed robotic arms for use in space, which inspired the development of advanced prosthetic limbs for amputees.
Infrared ear thermometers: NASA developed an infrared sensor to measure the temperature of stars and planets, which led to the development of infrared ear thermometers.
Explanation:
If 48.0 g of NaCl react with 19.0 g of H₂SO4, what mass of Na₂SO4 will be produced?
equation is
2NaCI + H2SO4--Na2SO4 + 2HCI
Answer: 355
Explanation: Given the molecular weights:
M
r
N
a
O
H
=
40
g
m
o
l
M
r
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
142
g
m
o
l
The analogy of the moles will be held constant:
n
N
a
O
H
n
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
1
n
N
a
O
H
n
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
For each one, substitute:
n
=
m
M
r
Therefore:
n
N
a
O
H
n
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
m
N
a
O
H
M
r
N
a
O
H
m
N
a
2
S
O
4
M
r
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
200
40
x
142
=
2
200
⋅
142
40
x
=
2
200
⋅
142
=
2
⋅
40
x
x
=
200
⋅
142
2
⋅
40
=
100
⋅
142
40
=
10
⋅
142
4
=
1420
4
=
=
710
2
Given the molecular weights:
M
r
N
a
O
H
=
40
g
m
o
l
M
r
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
142
g
m
o
l
The analogy of the moles will be held constant:
n
N
a
O
H
n
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
1
n
N
a
O
H
n
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
For each one, substitute:
n
=
m
M
r
Therefore:
n
N
a
O
H
n
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
m
N
a
O
H
M
r
N
a
O
H
m
N
a
2
S
O
4
M
r
N
a
2
S
O
4
=
2
200
40
x
142
=
2
200
⋅
142
40
x
=
2
200
⋅
142
=
2
⋅
40
x
x
=
200
⋅
142
2
⋅
40
=
100
⋅
142
40
=
10
⋅
142
4
=
1420
4
=
=
710
2
= 355 GMS
What's the difference between a reflected in defecated sound wave
A. A reflected sound wave changes direction as it passes through an opening a diffracted sound wave bounces back to the place of origin
B. A reflected sound wave bounces back to the place if origin, a diffracted sound wave is absorbed as it passes through an opening
C. a reflected sound wave is absorbed by the medium, a diffracted sound wave changes direction as it passes through an opening
D. A reflected sound wave bounces back to the place of origin, a diffracted sound wave changes direction as it passes through an opening
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The difference between a reflected and diffracted sound wave is:
A. A reflected sound wave changes direction as it passes through an opening, whereas a diffracted sound wave bounces back to the place of origin.
Reflection occurs when a sound wave hits a surface and bounces back in the opposite direction. When a sound wave is reflected, it changes direction but does not necessarily change its wavelength or frequency. This is why we can hear echoes in a room with reflective surfaces.
Diffraction, on the other hand, occurs when a sound wave passes through an opening or around an obstacle and changes direction. When a sound wave is diffracted, it spreads out and changes its wavelength and frequency. This is why we can hear sound around corners or through a partially open door.
Therefore, option D is the correct answer: A reflected sound wave bounces back to the place of origin, a diffracted sound wave changes direction as it passes through an opening.
Why the flask must be sealed with the stopper while the reaction takes place, please answer
Sealing the flask with the stopper is an important step in conducting a controlled and accurate experiment. Without it, the reaction may be affected by outside factors and the results may be inaccurate or inconsistent.
The flask must be sealed with the stopper while the reaction takes place to prevent any outside air or substances from entering the flask and potentially interfering with the reaction. It also helps to prevent any of the reactants or products from escaping the flask, ensuring that the reaction can proceed as intended.
By sealing the flask with the stopper, you can more accurately measure and observe the reaction without any outside factors affecting it. In addition, sealing the flask with the stopper can also help to control the pressure and temperature of the reaction, which can be important for certain types of reactions.
By keeping the flask sealed, you can maintain a consistent environment within the flask and more accurately predict the outcome of the reaction.
Overall, sealing the flask with the stopper is an important step in conducting a controlled and accurate experiment. Without it, the reaction may be affected by outside factors and the results may be inaccurate or inconsistent.
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elucidate how copper is refined?
Answer:
Both of the electrodes are dipped in a solution containing copper ions.
Explanation:
Then the copper from the anode gets oxidized and forms copper ions. When copper ions reach the cathode, their reduction occurs and they get converted to pure copper metal and get collected at the cathode.
YOU DO:
1) Hydrogen and iodine gases where placed into a 1.00 liter container, and allowed to reach equilibrium at
time = 2. The reaction is: H₂(g) + 12 (8) = 2 HI (8)
Time = 2
Time = 3
Time=0
Time = 1
A) Complete the box for time = 1, when one of the H₂ has reacted.
B) Complete the box for time = 3, after the reaction has reached equilibrium.
C) Between time = 1 and time = 2, which reaction is favored, the forwards or reverse reaction?
At time = 1, one of the H₂ molecules has reacted, producing one molecule of HI. This means that there are now 0.5 moles of H₂, 0.5 moles of I₂, and 1 mole of HI in the container.
What does B indicates?At time = 3, the reaction has reached equilibrium. This means that the concentrations of all three gases have stabilized. Without additional information about the reaction conditions and equilibrium constants, we cannot determine the exact concentrations of each gas at equilibrium.
What does C indicates?Between time = 1 and time = 2, the forwards reaction (H₂ + I₂ → 2HI) is favored because one of the H₂ molecules has reacted to produce HI. This means that the concentration of H₂ has decreased while the concentration of HI has increased, driving the reaction forwards according to Le Chatelier's principle.
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How many moles of silver nitrate are needed to produce 6. 75 moles of copper (II) nitrate upon reacting with excess copper?
We would require 13.5 moles of AgNO₃ to make 6.75 moles of Cu(NO₃)₂1
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and copper (Cu) is:
2AgNO₃ + Cu -> Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag
According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 2 moles of AgNO₃ react with 1 mole of Cu to produce 1 mole of Cu(NO₃)₂ and 2 moles of Ag. Therefore, if 6.75 moles of Cu(NO₃)₂ are produced, the number of moles of Cu that reacted is also 6.75 moles.
To determine the number of moles of AgNO₃ required, we can use the ratio of moles of Cu to moles of AgNO₃ in the balanced equation. This ratio is 1:2, meaning that for every mole of Cu, 2 moles of AgNO₃ are needed.
Therefore, to produce 6.75 moles of Cu(NO₃)₂, we would need 2 × 6.75 = 13.5 moles of AgNO3.
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What is the molarity of a KCl solution if there are 59.0 grams of KCl dissolved in water to make 2.0 liters of solution?
Answer:0.40 M
Explanation:
M = moles/L
moles = 59.0 / 74( molar mass from the Periodic table for KCl) =0.797 moles
M=0.797/2 = 0.3986 = 0.40 M
Gas A is 0.75 times as fast as gasB.the mass of gas B is 32grams. What is the mass of gas A?
The molar mass of A is 56.9 g/mol from the calculation below.
What is the Graham's law of diffusion?The Graham's law of diffusion, also known as Graham's law of effusion, is a scientific principle that describes the relationship between the rate of diffusion or effusion of gases and their molecular weights. It states that "the rate of diffusion or effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molecular weight."
We know that;
RA/RB = √MB/MA
0.75/1 = √32/MA
(0.75)^2 = 32/MA
MA = 32/(0.75)^2
MA = 56.9 g/mol
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(c) The student finds that 21.50 cm³ of hydrochloric acid is needed to neutralise 25.0 cm³ of sodiu
hydroxide solution.
(i) Describe what the student should do next to prepare a pure solution of sodium chloride.
Answer:
After neutralizing the sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid, the student should remove any excess hydrochloric acid and water from the solution to obtain a pure solution of sodium chloride. This can be done by a process called evaporation or by using a separating funnel.
To prepare a pure solution of sodium chloride, the student should follow the steps below:
Transfer the neutralized solution of sodium chloride into an evaporating dish.
Heat the evaporating dish over a low flame, stirring continuously until all the water evaporates.
Once all the water has evaporated, the student will be left with a dry residue of sodium chloride in the evaporating dish.
The sodium chloride can then be transferred to a clean, dry container and stored for use.
Alternatively, the student can use a separating funnel to remove excess hydrochloric acid and water from the solution. In this case, the neutralized solution is transferred to a separating funnel, and an equal volume of water is added. The funnel is then shaken, and the two layers are allowed to separate. The bottom layer containing the excess hydrochloric acid is drained off, leaving behind a pure solution of sodium chloride.
Explanation:
What is the formula for barium ion and nitride ion?
Answer:
The formula for barium ion is Ba2+ and the formula for nitride ion is N3-. When combined, they form barium nitride with the formula Ba3N2.
Explanation:
The formula for the barium ion is Ba²⁺, the formula for the nitride ion is N³⁻.
In order to acquire a stable conformation, the metallic element barium from Group 2 of the periodic table readily loses two electrons.
The production of the Ba²⁺ ion, which has a 2+ charge as a result of the elimination of two negative charges, is the result of the loss of these two electrons.
The nitride ion has the formula N³⁻. A nonmetal element belonging to Group 15 of the periodic table is nitrogen.
To finish its valence shell and obtain a stable electron configuration, it can gain three electrons. The N³⁻ ion is created when nitrogen gains three electrons and three more negative charges, giving it a 3-charge.
Thus, the correct answer is Ba²⁺, and N³⁻.
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Chemistry 1001 solutions: a special type of mixture
Answer key
Solutions are mixtures that consist of two or more substances that are evenly distributed throughout the mixture.
Solutions are special because all of the substances in the solution are completely dissolved and cannot be seen with the unaided eye. Chemistry 1001 solutions are typically mixtures of solvents and solutes. A solvent is the substance that does the dissolving, and the solute is the substance that is dissolved.
Examples of solvents include water and alcohol, and examples of solutes include salts and sugar.
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Pls pls will give BRAINLYST who has the key for the SOIL TEXTURE TRIANGLE
A soil texture triangle is used to classify a soil's texture class. The percentages of sand, silt, and clay are scaled on the sides of the soil texture triangle.
What is the apes soil texture triangle?Clay percentages are read across the triangle from left to right (dashed lines). The soil texture triangle identifies soil based on the amount of clay, silt, and sand. The angle of the numbers indicates the direction of the lines for each type of particle.
Clay lines, for example, go straight across, silt lines run diagonally down, and sand lines run diagonally up. M. Whitney of the USDA invented the textural triangle method in 1911 [21]. The USDA ternary diagram is divided into 12 textural classifications based on soil fraction %.
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1. What are the five lessons or skills you learned in you're TLE 9-Agri Crops that you valued most
TLE 9-Agri Crops might teach students important concepts or skills such plant propagation, soil preparation, insect control, irrigation management, and harvesting methods.
The purpose of the TLE 9-Agri Crops course is to introduce students to the basic ideas and procedures involved in crop production. Plant propagation, which includes the reproduction of plants through various ways such as seeds, cuttings, or grafting, is one of the most crucial skills covered in this course. Another crucial idea is soil preparation, which deals with managing the texture, structure, and fertility of the soil to assist plant development. Although irrigation management ensures that crops receive an appropriate quantity of water, insect control is crucial for defending crops against pests that might kill or severely harm them. Last but not least, harvesting techniques are crucial to ensuring a plentiful and high-quality crop.
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Gases produced by a chemical reaction can easily be collected over water. To determine the pressure of the dry gas, the vapor pressure of
the water at that temperature must be subtracted from the total pressure.
1) Consider the following reaction:
Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) - MgCl2(aq) + H2(9)
The total pressure of gas collected over water is 695. 0 mm Hg and the temperature is 22. 0°C What is the pressure of hydrogen gas formed in mmHg?
Answer:
Hydrogen is collected over water with a total pressure of 695.00 mmHg at 22.0 °C. The partial pressure of hydrogen gas is 675.173 mmHg.
Explanation:
Dalton's law states that the total pressure of a gaseous mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the gases.
The total pressure of gas collected over water is 695.00 mmHg and the temperature is 22.0 °C.
At that temperature, the vapor pressure of water is 19.827 mmHg. (sourced from a reference, look it up)
P = pGas + pH₂O
pGas = P - pH₂O = 695 mmHg - 19.827 mmHg = 675.173 mmHg
Hydrogen is collected over water with a total pressure of 695.00 mmHg at 22.0 °C. The partial pressure of hydrogen gas is 675.173 mmHg.
What is the volume of a container that contains 24. 0 grams of N2 gas at 328K and. 884 atm? Also asks to identify the P, V, N, R, and T. If unknown then put "?"
The volume of the container that that contains 24. 0 grams of N2 gas at 328K at 884 atm is found to be 2.65 Liters.
The ideal gas equation is given as, PV = nRT, where, P is pressure V is volume, n is the moles, R is the gas constant and T is the temperature.
It is given to us that 24 grams of N₂ is to be stored in the container with 884 atm pressure and 328K temperature.
Now, putting all the values in the equation to find the volume of the container,
884V = 24/28(8.34)(328)
V = 2.65 Liters,
So, the volume of the container will be 2.65 Liters.
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To earn full credit for your answers, you must show the appropriate formula, the correct substitutions , and your answer including the correct units.
If a country were doubling its population every 13 years, what would its growth rate be?
BoldItalicUnderline
The growth rate of the country's population if it was doubling it's population every 13 years is 5. 38%.
How to find the growth rate ?To calculate the growth rate of a population that is doubling every 13 years, we can use the rule of 70, which states that the approximate number of years it takes for a population to double can be calculated by dividing 70 by the annual growth rate.
So if a population is doubling every 13 years, we can find the annual growth rate as follows:
70 / 13 = 5.38
Therefore, the annual growth rate of this population would be approximately 5.38%.
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• Describe how crystals of copper sulfate can be obtained from the salt solution.
Answer:
Crystals of copper sulfate can be obtained from the salt solution through a process called crystallization. The steps involved are:
Prepare a saturated solution of copper sulfate by dissolving the salt in water until no more can dissolve.
Heat the solution to evaporate some of the water, which will increase the concentration of the salt.
Allow the solution to cool slowly. As it cools, the solubility of the salt decreases and it will start to form crystals.
Use a filter or strainer to separate the crystals from the remaining liquid. This process is called filtration.
Wash the crystals with a small amount of cold water to remove any impurities that may be present.
Leave the crystals to dry on a filter paper or in a drying oven.
After following these steps, pure crystals of copper sulfate can be obtained from the salt solution.
Explanation:
the side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another. True or False?
True, the side chain of an amino acid differentiates one amino acid from another.
What is an amino acid?Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, which is a macronutrient essential for the growth and repair of body tissues, among other things.
The side chain of an amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids. Amino acids are organic compounds that have two functional groups: an amino group (-NH2) and a carboxyl group (-COOH). They can be divided into two categories: non-essential amino acids, which are made by the body, and essential amino acids, which must be obtained from food.
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Calculate the pH of a solution prepared by dissolving 1. 60 g of sodium acetate, CH3COONa, in 92. 00 mL of 0. 10 M acetic acid, CH3COOH(aq). Assume the volume change upon dissolving the sodium acetate is negligible. Ka of CH3COOH is 1. 75 x 10^-5.
The solution's pH value is 5.08.
To solve this problem, we need to use the principles of acid-base chemistry and the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) to its conjugate base, acetate (CH₃COO⁻).
First, we need to calculate the concentration of acetic acid in the solution. Since the initial concentration of acetic acid is given as 0.10 M and the volume of the solution is 92.00 mL, we can calculate the number of moles of acetic acid as follows:
moles of acetic acid = 0.10 M x 0.0920 L = 0.00920 moles
Next, we need to calculate the number of moles of sodium acetate in the solution. The molar mass of sodium acetate is 82.03 g/mol, so we can convert the mass of sodium acetate to moles as follows:
moles of sodium acetate = 1.60 g / 82.03 g/mol = 0.0195 moles
Since sodium acetate dissociates completely in water to produce acetate ions and sodium ions, the concentration of acetate ions in the solution is equal to the number of moles of sodium acetate divided by the total volume of the solution:
acetate ion concentration = moles of sodium acetate / total volume of solution
acetate ion concentration = 0.0195 moles / 0.0920 L = 0.212 M
Now we can use the equilibrium constant expression for the dissociation of acetic acid to calculate the pH of the solution:
Ka = [H⁺][CH₃COO-]/[CH₃COOH]
Since we are assuming that the concentration of acetic acid is still 0.10 M, and we now know that the concentration of acetate ions is 0.212 M, we can rearrange the equation and solve for [H⁺]:
[H⁺] = (Ka x [CH₃COOH])/[CH₃COO-]
[H⁺] = (1.75 x 10⁻⁵ x 0.10)/0.212
[H⁺] = 8.23 x 10⁻⁶ M
Finally, we can calculate the pH of the solution using the equation:
pH = -log[H⁺]
pH = -log(8.23 x 10⁻⁶)
pH = 5.08
Therefore, the pH of the solution is 5.08.
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Where is mercury found in nature?
Answer:
Explanation:
Mercury is a naturally occurring element that can be found in small quantities throughout the Earth's crust. It is typically found in cinnabar deposits, which are rocks or ores that contain high levels of mercury sulfide. These deposits can be found in regions around the world, including Spain, Italy, China, and the United States. Mercury can also be found in small amounts in other minerals and ores, including zinc, gold, and silver. However, due to its toxic nature, mercury is not typically extracted or mined for commercial purposes.
Look at your parts per million (ppm) calculations in the lab worksheet. What did you find the alkalinity to be for the 3rd sample (from Lake Ray Roberts) in parts per million? 220 ppm 540 ppm 260 ppm
PLEASE answer fast
Look at your parts per million (ppm) calculations in the lab worksheet. What did you find the alkalinity to be for the 3rd sample (from Lake Ray Roberts) in parts per million? 220 ppm 540 ppm 260 ppm
The alkalinity for the 3rd sample from Lake Ray Roberts was 260 ppm.
Alkalinity is a measure of the capacity of water to neutralize acids, which is a property of water that helps to maintain a stable pH. It is a measure of the concentration of various ions in the water that can react with hydrogen ions (H+) to prevent a drop in pH.
In other words, alkalinity is the ability of water to resist changes in pH when an acid is added to it. It is usually expressed in terms of milligrams per liter (mg/L) of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or parts per million (ppm) of CaCO3 equivalents.
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Correct answer should be
Look at your parts per million (ppm) calculations in the lab worksheet. what did you find the alkalinity to be for the 3rd sample (from lake ray roberts) in parts per million?
question 5 options:
540 ppm
220 ppm
260 ppm
If 750 mL of a 5M solution of hydrochloric acid is used to neutralize excess sodium
hydroxide, then how many moles of salt will be produced?
3.75 moles of salt (NaCl) will be created if 750 mL of a 5M solution of hydrochloric acid is used to neutralize too much sodium hydroxide.
What is Moles?
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]
According to the question we get
V = 750 mL of a M = 5M solution of HCl are employed. {where V is the volume of the solution in liters and M is the molarity (moles per litre) of the HCl solution.}
So, amount of salt (NaCl) produced in moles
= moles of HCl = M × V
moles of HCl = 5 mol/L × (75/1000) L
moles of HCl = 3.75 moles
Since one mole of HCl yields one mole of sodium chloride, 3.75 moles of sodium chloride will likewise be created.
What is salt (NaCl)?Although sea salt also contains other chemical salts, sodium chloride, generally known as salt, is an ionic substance with the chemical formula NaCl, which denotes a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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In this system, the equilibrium lies to the , and the reaction favors the
In this system, the equilibrium lies to the left , and the reaction favors the reactants
What is an equilibrium reaction system?An equilibrium reaction system refers to a chemical system where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate, resulting in no net change in the concentration of reactants and products over time.
In an equilibrium reaction system, the reactants and products are in a dynamic state where they are constantly interconverting. The equilibrium point is the point at which the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant, and the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction.
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Example: Ba8Mu7
Beanium shroomium
Beanium shroomide
Octabeanium heptashroomide
Name these Covalent Compounds using the “Periodic Table of Food”:
7. PeMu2
8. BaPo5
9. SpMu
10. Br2E7
11. Br3Pe
12. PeE4
Answer:
Here are the answers:
7. phosphorus molybdenum diboride
8. barium phosphite
9. sulfur molybdenum
10. dibromine heptoxide
11. tribromine phosphide
12. phosphorus tetrasulfide
What 3 elements do you need to calculate the volume of a regular shaped object
We may find the size of a typically Regular shaped object by adding those following phases (area of both the bottom of the item and its height).
The volume of the thing is equivalent to the circumference of the bottom (longest times width times height of the object), or L x W x H. In this illustration, the length units we utilised were centimetres. Constant cross - sectional object volume A solid's volume can be calculated by multiplying its length, breadth, and height all at once.
V is equal to l times w. Regular forms feature interior (inner) slopes which are all equal as well as equal sides. Shapes that are irregular include curves and sides of any size and length. Below are a variety of shapes, both regular and infrequent: Pentagon regularly, regularly.
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How many moles of CS2 would be products if 12.4 moles of CO was also produced
Answer:
Explanation:
need the equation
A student performs a neutralization reaction involving an acid and a base in an open polystyrene coffee-cup calorimeter. How would the calculated value of h differ from the actual value if there was significant heat loss to the surroundings
The calculated value of ∆H will be lower than the actual value due to heat loss. This is because the heat lost to the surroundings is not accounted for in the calculation, resulting in a lower measured temperature change than what would have occurred if no heat was lost.
If there is significant heat loss to the surroundings during a neutralization reaction in an open polystyrene coffee-cup calorimeter, the calculated value of ∆H (enthalpy change) would be lower than the actual value.
The enthalpy change for the reaction is calculated using the following equation: ∆H = q / n
where q is the heat released or absorbed by the reaction, n is the number of moles of the limiting reactant, and ∆H is the enthalpy change per mole of the limiting reactant.
In an open calorimeter, heat can be lost to the surroundings through conduction, convection, and radiation. The extent of heat loss depends on various factors such as the ambient temperature, the specific heat capacity of the surroundings, and the rate of heat transfer.
To minimize heat loss, the experiment should be conducted as quickly as possible, with good stirring to ensure uniform mixing of the reactants, and the calorimeter should be well-insulated to reduce heat loss to the surroundings. If these precautions are not taken, the calculated value of ∆H will be lower than the actual value due to heat loss.
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