The true statements are 1, 3, 4 and 5 for the properties of atom and molecules.
Define the term chemical bond?Atoms in molecules are held together by chemical bonds. Electrostatic forces between negatively charged electrons and positive charge atomic nuclei give rise to bonds.1. The statement is true:
Generally speaking, polarizability increases as electron volume increases. This happens in atoms because larger atoms have less firmly bound electrons compared to smaller atoms, which have more loosely held electrons. More polarizable than smaller atoms are larger molecules, atoms, or ions.2. The statement is false.
As we go down the group, the dispersion forces increases and they can be stronger than any other interactions.3. The statement is true.
In comparison to molecules with a linear shape, spherical molecules have less surface area and a lower dispersion force.4. The statement is true.
As the polarizable size of the molecules increases down the group, the boiling points also increase. As you move down the column of noble gases, their increasing diameters and resulting greater and greater London dispersion forces are apparent. The boiling point is set by these intermolecular interactions. The easier it is to separate the atoms, the smaller the force.5. The statement is true.
The dispersion forces get stronger when polarizability increases. As a result, molecules are more attracted to one another, and the melting and boiling points of covalent compounds increase with increasing molecular mass. Through the affected molecules' impacted molecules' molecular shapes, polarizability also affects dispersion forces.To learn more about chemical bonds visit:
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A closed-end manometer was attached to a vessel containing argon. The difference in the mercury levels in the two arms of the manometer was 10. 1 cm. Atmospheric pressure was 783 mm hg. The pressure of the argon in the container was ________ mm hg.
The argon inside the container had a pressure of 101 mm Hg, according to the equation.
What are different sorts of pressure?Stress is a term used to describe a physical force imparted to an item. A horizontal force is exerted per unit area to an object's surface. The basic formula for pressure is G n. (Force per unit area).
What is the pressure unit in the SI?An SI unit of pressure, the pascal (abbreviated as Pa), is equal with one newton every sq.m (N/m2 or kg m-1s-2). Surprisingly, this name was chosen in 1971.
Briefing:The height of the mercury level difference is
h=10.1cm
With multiplying it by 10, we may translate it to millimeters.
h=10.1*10=101mm
The closed manometer's pressure would be equal to its height.
P(gas)=h
P(gas)=101mmHg.
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in the titration of 94.0 ml of 0.400 m hcooh with 0.150 m lioh, how many ml of lioh are required to reach the equivalence point?
To reach the create an object with symmetry, 184 mL of base, LiOH have been needed.
What is base, exactly?Chemicals that react with hydrogen atoms to neutralize acids are known as bases. The bulk of bases are composed of minerals, which react with acids to form water and salts. As examples of bases, consider the metal oxides, hydroxides, and calcite. The soluble bases are the alkalis.
What is a base unit?One of the core units that can be used to create other units in a measurement system that relies on a phenomena or accepted norm. The metre, kilogram, second, ampere, farenheit, mole, and candela are the foundational elements of the World System of Units.
Briefing:Acid volume, HCOOH (Vi) = 69.0 mL
Acid molarity is HCOOH (Milliamperes) = 0.4 M.
LiOH (Mb) has a molarity of 0.150 M.
MaVa / MbVb = nA / nB
(0.4 × 69) / (0.150 × Vb) = 1
27.6 / (0.150 × Vb) = 1
0.150 × Vb = 27.6
Divide both side by 0.150
Vb = 27.6 / 0.150
Vb = 184 mL
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Draw the following five compounds and compile them in a Microsoft Word document or PDF. Make sure to label each drawing clearly. Once done, upload your finished file.
2-butene
2-hexyne
2-pentene
1-pentene
1-heptyne
The discrete interactions in a system are conceptually represented by finite state machines (FSM) and petri nets (PN).
What are the isomers of 2-butene?Isomeric forms are 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutylene. The butyne chemical formula is C4H6 C 4 H 6 .Butyne has two structural isomers, which are compounds with the same chemical formula but different structural formulas. The C4H6 C 4 H 6 isomers are: 1-Butyne, which is an isomer whose C≡C C ≡ C bond is initiating at carbon 1.1-Hexyne is used in the preparation of tricyclic is indolinone scaffold by undergoing hydrozirconation and ring-closing metathesis. It is used to prepare trans-1,2-bis(5-thianthreniumyl)alkene tetrafluoroborate by reacting with thianthrene cation radical tetrafluoroborate.C4H8
One of the mathematical modeling languages for the description of distributed systems is the Petri net, often known as a place/transition (PT) net. It belongs to the discrete event dynamic system class. A Petri net is a directed bipartite graph with locations and transitions as its two types of members. White circles are used to represent place elements, whereas rectangles are used to represent transition elements.Tokens, which are represented as black circles, can be found anywhere. If at least one token is present at every site connected to a transition as an input, the transition is enabled. According to some sources[1], Carl Adam Petri created Petri nets in August 1939 when he was just 13 years old in order to describe chemical reactions.To learn more about Microsoft word document refer to:
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What are the positive impacts of studying venom
Answer:
Explanation:
The knowledge of venom composition as well as structure and properties of its components on the one hand may give the clue for better treatment of bites and stings on the other hand it may lead to the discovery of new medicines.
select the correct order of steps during rcr. group of answer choices annealing, initiation, termination denaturation, extension, termination initiation, extension, termination initiation, denaturation, extension
The correct steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are as follows: denaturation, annealing, and extension. Hence, the answer is C.
What are the steps in PCR?Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) requires 3 steps for any DNA synthesis reaction, which are:
Denaturation. Its double-stranded DNA template is heated until it becomes two single strands.Annealing. The temperature is lower and the DNA primers attach to the DNA template.Extending. The temperature is raised again, then the Taq polymerase enzyme will make the new strand of the DNA.By the steps described above, we can conclude that the correct answer is C. Denaturation, annealing, extending.
The question seems incomplete. The complete query is as follows:
“The correct order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is:
a. Denaturation, extension, annealingb. Extension, denaturation, annealingc. Denaturation, annealing, extensiond. Annealing, extension, denaturation.”Learn more about PCR here https://brainly.com/question/29023371
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A 0.296 g piece of solid magnesium reacts with gaseous oxygen from the atmosphere to form solid magnesiumoxade. In the laboratory a student weighs the mass of the magnesium acide collected from this reaction as 0.224 g The 0.296 g solid magnesium is the Choose one: O A actual yield o B theoretical yield o excess reagent • D. percent yield O E limiting reagen
If the mass of the magnesium oxide collected is 0.224 g then the 0.296g solid magnesium is Limiting reagent.
Magnesium is found naturally in the form of periclase, a white hygroscopic solid mineral known as magnesium oxide or magnesia. Its empirical formula is MgO, and it is made up of a lattice of Mg2+ and O2 ions that are kept together by ionic bonding. Different applications for magnesium oxide exist. As an antacid, some people take it to treat acid indigestion, sour stomach, and heartburn. For quick, short-term bowel emptying, magnesium oxide may also be used as a laxative.
A reactant that is completely consumed at the conclusion of a chemical reaction is known as the limiting reagent. The limiting reactant, also known as the limiting reagent, is the reactant that is used first in a chemical reaction, hence restricting the amount of product that can be produced.
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a species that contains a lone (unpaired) electron is referred to as . select the best answer. multiple choice question. a free radical an exception being electron deficient having an extended valence
A species that contains a lone (unpaired) electron is referred to as a radical.
A radical is also known as a free radical which can be any atom, ion or molecule having atleast one unpaired valence electron.
When homolysis of a weak covalent bond takes place in presence of heat or sunlight (because breaking a bond requires energy) , two new radicals are formed. Also, in an ionic bond due to electron transfer between two atoms of different valencies and electronegativity, the respective atoms involved in that particular bond dissociates to form radicals. Radicals are also formed in reactions like addition, substution and elimination.
for example : The homolysis of the Br₂ bond forms two Br° radicals
Br-Br + hν → Br° + Br°
In the dissociation of the ionic bond NaCl, Na is the basic radical or cation and Cl is the acid radical or anion
NaCl → Na° + Cl°
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if 45.1 mlml of 0.104 mm hclhcl solution is needed to neutralize a solution of kohkoh , how many grams of kohkoh must be present in the solutio
45.1 ml of 0.104 mm hcl solution is needed to neutralize a solution of koh , 0.294 grams of koh must be present in the solution
MHCl*VHCl = MKOH*VKOH = moles of KOH
moles of KOH = 0.116 M x (45.2/1000) L = 5.24 x 10^-3 mol
molar mass of KOH = 56.1 g/mol
mass of KOH = molar mass x moles = 56.1 x 5.24 x 10^-3 = 0.294 g
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If you were to dehydrate 3-methycylohexanol, what products would you expect to isolate and which, if any, would predominate.
Dehydration of 3-methyl cyclohexanol would yield two products: 3-methyl cyclohexene and 3-methyl cyclohexanone. The product that would predominate would be 3-methyl cyclohexene.
This is due to the fact that the reaction of dehydration proceeds through an E1 mechanism, which favors the formation of the more substituted alkene due to an energy difference between the two products. The reaction would look like this:
3-methylcyclohexanol -> 3-methylcyclohexene + H₂O.
The dehydration of alcohol proceeds with the formation of a carbocation intermediate, which is stabilized by the presence of the methyl group on the cyclohexane ring.
This stabilization allows for the formation of the more substituted alkene, which has lower energy than the other product.
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The image shows a week-old chick embryo. What can you conclude about its current stage of development?
My conclusion about the current stage of development of embryo's image shown above simply is that:
A spinal column is present.
The correct answer choice is option a.
What is meant by the spinal column?The spinal column simply refers to the bones and other structural substances in the central axis of the skeleton which runs from the base of the skull and extends down to the the tailbone. The spinal column is also known as the vertebral column.
That being said this vertebral or spinal column is found in all animals which possess an axial stiffening known as notochords and in all vertebrate animals ( animals with backbones ). However, this spinal column is well observed and confirmed to be present in the development of the embryo above.
In conclusion, we can now confirm from all said and done above that the spinal column gives protection to the spinal cord.
The image is attached.
Complete question:
The image shows a week-old chick embryo. What can you conclude about its current stage of development?
a. A spinal column is present.
b. The chick will develop four limbs and a beak.
c. It’s an invertebrate.
d. It’s sexually mature.
e. It’s about to undergo a metamorphosis
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isopropyl alcohol is mixed with water to produce a 40.0% (v/v) alcohol solution. how many milliliters of each component are present in 635 ml of this solution? assume that volumes are additive.
The volume of water and alcohol present in 635 mL of this solution are 381 mL and 254 mL respectively.
As we are given that 40.0 % (v/v) alcohol solution. That means, 40.0 mL of alcohol present 100 mL of solution.
Now we have to calculable the volume of alcohol in 635 mL solution.
As, 100 mL of solution contains 40.0 mL of alcohol
So, 675 mL of solution contains (635/100)*40 = 254 of alcohol
Thus, the volume of alcohol = 254 mL
Now we have to calculate the volume of water.
Volume of water = Volume of solution - Volume of alcohol
Volume of water = 635 mL - 254 mL
Volume of water = 381 mL
Thus, the volume of water = 381 mL
Therefore, the volume of water and alcohol present in 635 mL of this solution are 381 mL and 254 mL respectively.
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Nitric acid can be formed in two steps from the atmospheric gases nitrogen and oxygen, plus hydrogen prepared by reforming natural gas. In the first step, nitrogen and hydrogen react to form ammonia:.
As a result, there is a net change in enthalpy of -376 kJ for the synthesis of one mole of nitric acid from nitrogen, hydrogen, and oxygen. Hess's constant heat summation law states.
No matter if a chemical reaction involves one step or numerous, the amount of heat absorbed or evolved remains constant. The heat absorbed or evolved in a particular chemical equation is the same whether the process takes place in one step or numerous steps, according to Hess's law of constant heat summation.
The enthalpy change for steps 1 through 3 is equal to 1/2*(-92)+(-330) = -376kj. Step 1's enthalpy change is -92kj. Step 2's enthalpy change is -330kj.
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how many particles are present in 3.24 grams of potassium?
Solution A (pH 11); Solution B (pH 13)
Which one has more OH- ions?
Which one has less H+ ions?
Which one is more basic?
Which one is more acidic?
Answer:babb
Explanation:
Based on the data, which substance has the strongest intermolecular forces?
a 6.0 g 6.0 g sample of carbon is burned to produce carbon dioxide. the yield from the reaction is only 60 % 60%. how much carbon dioxide was actually produced?
Carbon dioxide is created by burning a 6.0 g sample of carbon. The reaction only produces a 60% yield. Actual carbon dioxide production was 13.2g.
C + O2 = CO2
Moles of C in 6.0g = 6.0/12 = 0.5 moles
as 1 moles of C gives 1 mole of CO₂
Thus 0.5 moles of C will give 0.5 moles of CO₂
As, CO₂ produce is 60%
Thus, moles of CO₂ produced=(0.5x60)/100 = 0.3 moles of CO₂
Amount of CO2 produced= Moles x Molecular mass
= 0.3 × 44
= 13.2g
Thus, 13.2g of CO₂ will be produced.
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a bomb calorimeter has a heat capacity of 600 j/oc and contains 500 g of water (specific heat capacity 4.184 j/g.oc). if a 5.00 g sample of a carbohydrate is combusted in the calorimeter and the change in temperature is 20 oc, what is the approximate value of qrxn?
The amount of heat evolved by a reaction is, 53.84 kJ
Heat released by the reaction = Heat absorbed by the calorimeter + Heat absorbed by the water
q = [q1 + q2]
q = [c1× ∆T]+[m2×c2×∆T]
where,
q = heat released by the reaction
q1 = heat absorbed by the calorimeter
q2 = heat absorbed by the water
c1 = specific heat of calorimeter = 600 j/g°c
c2 = specific heat of water = 4.184 j/g°c
m2 = mass of water = 500 g
∆T = change in temperature = 20°c
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
q = (600×20) + (500×4.184×20)
q = 12000 + 41840
q = 53840 J
q = 53.84 kJ
Therefore, the amount of heat evolved by a reaction is, 53.84 kJ
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a drop in water temperature is observed when 0.873 g of ammonium nitrate is added. the enthalpy change for this reaction is 0.280 kj. which of the statements is accurate?
The most accurate statement to explain the phenomena would be that the enthalpy change being positive means that the reaction is endothermic.
What are endothermic reactions?Endothermic reactions are reactions in which the energy level of the reactants is lower than the energy level of the products of the reaction. In other words, exothermic reactions take energy from the surroundings rather than releasing energy to the surroundings.
Reactions that release energy to the surroundings are otherwise known as exothermic reactions. Here, the reactants are usually at a higher energy level than the products.
When it comes to enthalpy change, since endothermic reactions consume energy from the surroundings and the products are usually at a higher energy level, the enthalpy change is positive.
This is unlike exothermic reactions in which the enthalpy change is negative because heat is released into the surroundings instead.
Thus, the dissolution of ammonium nitrate in water is said to be endothermic because the enthalpy change is positive.
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Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with _____.
Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
What is Partial bonding?
When a pi electron is distributed among three or more atoms, a partial pi bond results. Two parallel lines—one solid and one dashed—like a typical double bond are used to represent a partial double bond. A partial triple bond can result from a partial pi bond as well.
Due to the unequal distribution of electrons in bonds, partial charges differ from negatively charged ions, whereas total negative charges are caused by an excess of electrons in comparison to protons.
Therefore, Partial bonding, for example, as part of a resonance hybrid, often results in structures with fractional bond orders.
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a mixture of neon and helium gases, at a total pressure of 798 mm hg, contains 3.93 grams of neon and 0.228 grams of helium. what is the partial pressure of each gas in the mixture?
The partial pressure of each gas in the mixture is 39.75 mm of hg and 179.43 mm of hg respectively.
In a combination of gases, each constituent fuel has a partial stress that is the notional strain of that constituent gas as if it alone occupied the whole volume of the original aggregate on the same temperature.
Calculation:-
Total pressure pressure = 798 mm hg
mass of neon gas = 3.93
molar mass = 20 g
moles = 3.93/20
= 0.1965 moles
mass of neon gas = 0.228 grams
molar mass = 4 g
moles = 0.228 / 4
= 0.057 moles
total moles = 0.2535
partial pressure of neon = moles of neon / total moles × total pressure
= 0.1965 moles/ 0.2535 × 798 mm hg
= 39.75 mm of hg
partial pressure of helium = moles of helium / total moles × total pressure
=0.057 moles / 0.2535 × 798 mm hg
= 179.43 mm of hg
The stress exerted by means of an person gasoline in a mixture is called its partial pressure. Assuming we've a combination of perfect gases, we are able to use the suitable gasoline regulation to solve problems concerning gases in a combination.The term partial stress is used whilst we've got a combination of two or numerous gases inside the identical extent, and it expresses the strain this is caused by every of the induvidual gases inside the mixture.
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the flavors of frozen desserts are more pronounced when they are very cold. question content area bottom part 1 true false
False, the flavors of frozen desserts are more pronounced when they are very cold. It is False because it is against of weather. It will not suit to our health. So nobody will prefer it.
What is the Weather?
Weather is the phase of the atmosphere, describing for example the measure to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or hazy.
What is Health?
WHO describes health as a state of overall physical, mental and social goodness and not merely the default of disease or weakness.
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nitric acid (63 g) and sodium hydroxide (60 g) are mixed. determine how many grams of water will form.
The water of 17.99 g forms when 63g of HNO₃ mixes with60g of NaOH
When nitric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed, a neutralization reaction takes place, with the salt created by the two substances and water serving as the reaction result. The chemical reaction to the statement in this instance is:
HNO₃ + Na(OH) ⇒ NaNO₃ + H₂O
It is determined whether there is one limiting reagent and one in excess, or if both react entirely, by calculating the molar masses of the reagents and using the masses provided by the statement to compute the ratio in which these compounds are combined.
• The formula for HNO₃'s molar mass is 3xmO + mH + mN, or 3x15.99g + 1g + 14g = 62.97 g/mol.
• The formula for Na(OHmolar )'s mass is: mO + mH + mNa = 15.99g + 1.00g + 22.99g = 39.98 g / mol.
Nitric acid is immediately apparent to be the limiting reagent.
Since there are initially 60 g of hydroxide, some of it will stay unreacted because the balanced equation's stoichiometric ratio states that 1 mole of acid reacts with 1 mole of hydroxide. As a result, 63 g of HNO3 react with 40 g of hydroxide. This proves that acid is the limiting reagent, and calculations to determine how much water will form must be based on this substance.
For 63g of HNO₃ 18g of water is formed. Then,
for 62.97 g of HNO₃,
= 18 g x 63 g equals/62.97 g
= 17.99 g of water.
As a result, the correct response is that 17.99 g of water will form.
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a certain weak base has a Kb of 7.10×10−7. what concentration of this base will produce a ph of 10.04? concentration:
The Concentration is 0.055 M
Solution:
pOH = 1/2(pKb - logC)
pOH = 14-pH = 14-10.31 = 3.69
pKb = -log kb = -log 7.100 x 10-7 = 64
3.69 = 1/2(6.12-log C)
Concentration = 0.055 M
Solution concentration is defined as the amount of solute present in a given volume of solution. It can be expressed as mass x mass percent of solution = mass of solute mass in solution × 100. mass x volume percent of solution = mass of solute mass in solution × 100.
By focusing, you can make better use of your resources and tackle problems more efficiently. When you concentrate, you are less likely to miss important information. Staying focused makes it easier to remember things. Focus means control of attention. It is the ability to focus the mind on a subject or an object.
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an atom of 120in has a mass of 119.907890 amu. calculate its binding energy per mole in kj. enter your answer in exponential format (1.23e4) with 3 significant figures and no units.use the masses: mass of 1h atom
Its binding energy is 1020 MeV per kilojoule. Enter your response using the exponential notation (1.23e4), three significant figures, and no units. Utilize the masses: 1h atom mass.
Given: an In-120 atom weighs 119.907890 amu.
In-120 has 49 protons and 49 electrons in each atom.
quantity of neutrons = (mass number) - (number of protons) (number of protons)
quantity of neutrons = (120) - (49) (49)
71 neutrons are present.
Number of electrons/protons times mass of a 1H atom equals mass of electrons and protons. Therefore, the mass of electrons and protons is equal to (49) * (1.007825 amu), or 49.383425 amu.
Number of neutrons multiplied by the mass of a neutron yields the mass of neutrons as (71) * (1.008665 amu), or 71.615215 amu.
Mass overall = (mass of electrons and protons) - (mass of neutrons) (mass of neutrons)
Total mass equals 49.383425 amu plus (71.615215 amu)
120.99864 amu is the total mass.
Mass change is equal to (Total mass) - (mass of a In-120 atom)
(120.99864 amu) - change in mass (119.907890 amu)
mass change = 1.09075% amu
Change in mass equals 1.09075 amu * (931.5 MeV/c2 / 1 amu)
= 1016 MeV/c2 change in mass
binding energy is equal to (change in mass) times (light speed) squared.
bound energy = (1016 MeV/c2) * (c)
= 1020 MeV for binding energy.
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The SO3 molecule has a central S atom with the three O atoms bonded to the S, as shown in the figure. When a single Lewis structure is written for SO3 that obeys the octet rule for all the atoms, which of the following statements is or are true? I. The Lewis structure has one double bond. II. The three oxygen atoms do not all have the same formal charge. III. The formal charge on the S atom is +1.
Only one of the statements is true.
I and II are true.
I and III are true.
All three statements are true.
option b. is correct Only I and II are true
A Lewis structure is a structural representation of a molecule in which dots represent electron locations surrounding the atoms and lines/dot pairs represent covalent interactions between atoms. For any covalently bound molecule or coordination complex, a Lewis structure can be drawn. As a result, the proper statements in this problem are:
I. The formal charge on all atoms should be zero, or as close to zero as possible.
II. The charge on the molecule or ion should be equal to the sum of the formal charges on all the atoms.
Only options e. I and II are available.
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sodium chlorate is used as an oxidizer in the manufacture of dyes, explosives, and matches. calculate the mass of solute needed to prepare 1.575 l of 0.00250 m naclo3 (ℳ
The mass of solute needed to prepare 1.575 l of 0.00250 m naclo3 is 0.419g.
1.575 L x 0.00250 mols / L x 106.45 g / mol = 0.419 g.
Sodium chlorate is used as an oxidizer in the manufacture of dyes, explosives, and matches. mass of solute= volume of solution× concentration of solution. Mass of solute plus mass of solvent equals mass of solution. Calculating the mass/mass percent is simple if you are able to measure the masses of the solute and the solution. To calculate the correct concentration, all masses must be stated in the same units. Another type of % concentration is known as mass/volume percent, which compares the volume of the solution to the mass or weight of the solute in grams (for example) (e.g., in mL).
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identify whether each change represents an oxidation or reduction. then determine how many electrons were involved and which side of the reaction they should appear on in the half-reaction. oxidation or reduction?
• Al --> Al3+ is an oxidation and 3 electrons on right side are needed.
Cu2+ --> Cu is a reduction and 2 electrons on left side are needed.
• 2 F- --> F₂ is an oxidation and 2 electrons on right side are needed.
In redox reaction, we can identify 2 kinds of half-reactions:
Oxidation: the oxidation number increases.Reduction: the oxidation number decreases.Let's consider following half-reactions.
• AI⇒ Al 3+
This is an oxidation because oxidation number increases from 0 to 3+. To balance it, we need 3 electrons on the right side.
Cu²+⇒ Cu
This is a reduction because oxidation number decreases from 2+ to 0. To balance it, we need 2 electrons on the right side.
• 2 F- ⇒ F₂
This is an oxidation because oxidation number increases from -1 to 0. To balance it, we need 2 electrons on the right side.
Al --> Al3+ is an oxidation and 3 electrons on the right side are needed.
Cu2+ --> Cu is a reduction and 2 electrons on the left side are needed.
2 F- ---> F2 is an oxidation and 2 electrons on the right side are needed.
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What is the volume of 2.5 moles of a gas at 0.6 atm and 17 °C? (R = 0.082 L atm/mol K)
identify variables:
Equation used:
Substitution into equation:
Answer (include units):
To Find:
Volume of gasFormula used:
PV = nRT [ideal gas equation]0°C = 273 K
So, 17°C = 290 K
Let the volume of gas be V
Using the formula, we get
0.6 x V = 2.5x0.082x290
V = 2.5x0.82x290/6
V = 99.08 Litres
So, volume of gas will be 99 litres approx.
Aseptic processing involves
a. quick freezing food after it is prepared.
b. drying foods to decrease water content.
c. sterilizing the package and food separately and then packaging the food.
d. the addition of chemical preservatives.
Aseptic process involves sterilizing the package and food separately and then packaging the food. So the option C is correct.
Aseptic manufacturing requires constant environmental monitoring, specially trained and experienced workers to perform the operations, specialized equipment, and cleaning procedures. If the aseptic process is compromised, there is a serious risk to both the product and the patients.
Aseptic process is a process which involves placing of a sterilized product into a sterilized package and then sealing the product under the sterilized conditions. It ensures that the product is without any bacteria. Many products degrade when gone through the harsh conditions of sterilization but aseptic processes allows the safe production of all those products.
Aseptic packaging is also a type of thermal sterilization. It is process in which commercially sterilized food item is placed in a sterilized package followed by sealing under aseptic environment. It is highly recommended for the preservation of tomato paste, and fruit juices.
Heat treatment, chemical application, or both can be utilized for sterilization in this process. Paper and plastic are generally used in conventional aseptic packaging.
Basically, there are two approaches of aseptic packaging:
direct approachcomposed of steam infusion and steam injunction
indirect approachcomprises scrapped surface heat exchanger, plate heat exchanger, and tubular heat exchanger
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Which product forms when two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons? (1 point)
O a redox reaction
O a monoatomic ion
O a covalent compound
O an ionic compound
When two or more nonmetal atoms share valence electrons, the product formed is covalent compound. Therefore, option C is correct.
What is covalent compound ?An electron exchange that results in the formation of electron pairs between atoms is known as a covalent compound. Bonding pairs or sharing pairs are the names given to these electron pairs.
Covalent bonding is the stable equilibrium of the attractive and repulsive forces between atoms when they share electrons.
One positive and one negative ion are created as a result of this. Ionic bonds are created when opposing charges attract one another. Covalent Bonds are Non-metals can join together to form covalent bonds. When non-metals share their valence electrons, covalent bonds are created.
Thus, option C is correct.
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