The ERP system offers a collection of integrated software modules for manufacturing and production, sales and marketing, finance and accounting, and human resources that enables data to be used by numerous business processes.
How does ERP operate and what does it do?
Business organizations use a class of software known as "enterprise resource planning" (ERP) to keep track of routine tasks like accounting, purchasing, project management, risk management, and compliance.
Enterprise performance management, a piece of software that aids in planning, budgeting, forecasting, and reporting financial outcomes for an organization, is also a component of a full ERP suite.
ERP systems enable data to flow between various business processes and connect them all together. ERP systems provide data integrity with a single source of truth by gathering an organization's shared transactional data from various sources, eliminating data duplication.
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consider a market dominated by just two airlines, american and united. each airline can choose to restrict capacity and charge a high price or expand capacity and charge a low price. if one of the two airlines expands capacity and reduces the price and the other does not, the airline that reduces price will be able to capture customers from the other airline. the economic profits for each outcome are illustrated in the accompanying payoff table.
The Nash equilibrium for a simultaneous move game is that both the United States and America charge cheap prices.
A player may obtain the desired outcome by sticking to their starting strategy, according to the Nash equilibrium, a decision-making theorem in game theory. In the Nash equilibrium, each player's strategy is the most advantageous given what the other players have chosen.
The United States and America both charged modest prices in the second era. According to the table, America should demand a high price, and the United States should do the same. Therefore, both America and the United States impose exorbitant prices.
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if the money market is initially in equilibrium at point e and the central bank lowers reserve requirements, then the interest rate will: a. move toward point h. b. remain at point e. c. shift leftward. d. move toward point l
If the money market is initially at point E and the central bank sells Treasury bills, the interest rate will move toward point H.
One aspect of the economy that offers short-term financing is the money market. Short-term loans of one year or less are the specialty of the money market.
Money market investing can be extremely beneficial, particularly if you require a short-term, relatively safe place to park cash. Low returns, a loss of purchasing power, and the fact that some money market investments are not FDIC insured are some disadvantages.
Hence, the correct answer is "A" option.
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An agent of a broker-dealer is currently doing business in one state and would like to conduct business in another state. When checking with the firm's compliance department, the agent would be told which of the following?
A)
If the agent is a partner, officer, or director and held that position at the time the broker-dealer was registered in that state, the individual need not register separately.
B)
Registration is required only if an offer is directed, accepted, and paid for in that state.
C)
No registration is necessary if no commission or other remuneration is paid or given directly or indirectly.
D)
No registration is necessary in the other state provided the agent's activities are limited exclusively to effecting transactions in certain exempted securities.
The broker-dealer's agent is currently operating in one state but would like to expand to another. When checking with the firm's compliance department is Only if an offer is made, accepted, and paid for in that state is registration necessary.
The broker-dealer is required to assess how much of the money it holds is either client money or money acquired via the use of customer securities on a regular basis. The broker-dealer is required to assess how much of the money it holds is either client money or money acquired via the use of customer securities on a regular basis. The most well-known broker-dealers include TD Ameritrade, E-Trade, and Charles-Schwab. While E-Trade and TD Ameritrade are essentially online brokerage firms, others of these, like Charles-Schwab, are comprehensive financial services companies.
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the dominant strategy for each firm is to pollute. the government wants to introduce a fine that will change the strategy choice of each firm from polluting to not polluting. consider the following fines and choose the fine that will accomplish the government's goal
Strategies to Reduce Air Pollution-Choose public transportation, as a substitute of the use of own/commercial vehicles. Maintain your automobile tires with suited inflation.
Turn the lights off when you are about to go away a room. Replace energy-hungry incandescent bulbs with some compact fluorescent bulbs or LEDs.
What techniques are used by using the government to minimize air pollution?These steps include: lowering toxic emissions from industrial sources; lowering emissions from automobiles and engines thru new stringent emission requirements and cleaner burning gasoline; and addressing indoor air air pollution even though voluntary programs. See similarly important points under about reductions from: Industrial sources.
Environmental education is the quality programme to deal with the environmental problems. It is most essential in our efforts to combat and manipulate pollution, over-population and misuse of herbal sources
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https://brainly.com/question/15708835#SPJ4Which of the following conditions normally would not indicate that standard costs should be revised?
a.The engineering department has revised product specifications in responding to customer suggestions.
b.The average price of raw materials increased from $4.68 per pound to $4.82 per pound.
c.The company has signed a new union contract that increases the factory wages on average by $3.50 an hour.
d.Actual costs differed from standard costs for the preceding week.
Actual costs differed from standard costs for the preceding week conditions normally would not indicate that standard costs should be revised.
The standard against which actual costs are measured is the planned cost of a typical manufacturing process. Obviously, if a new product, service, or procedure is to be used, the initial standard costs will need to be estimated. The yearly profit plan and operating budgets of a manufacturer frequently. The cost to create one unit of an item is budgeted under standard cost revised. For each stage of the item's production—direct material, direct labour, indirect labour, and machine hours—you establish and assign a set of costs.
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does government spending ever reduce private spending? part 2 a. yes, due to reduced interest rates. b. no, they are unrelated. c. yes, due to crowding out. d. no, due to crowding out.
Here the answer is C ( yes, Due to crowding out effect).
WHAT IS FISCAL POLICY?The employment of government spending and taxation to affect the economy is known as fiscal policy. Governments often utilize fiscal policy to encourage robust, long-term growth and to lower poverty. The current global economic crisis brought greater attention to the function and goals of fiscal policy as governments intervened to protect financial institutions, spur economic growth, and lessen the crisis's effects on vulnerable populations. The Group of 20 industrial and emerging market nations' leaders announced that they were engaging in "unprecedented and concerted budgetary expansion" in the communiqué that followed their summit in London in April 2009.
Fiscal policy has a cyclical history in terms of its importance as a tool for policymaking. A laissez-faire or limited government philosophy predominated before to 1930. Governments were urged to be more active in the economy during the stock market crash and the Great Depression by policymakers.
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part of logistics is movement of goods within a manufacturing facility, and that movement is part of
Part of logistics is the movement of goods within a manufacturing facility, and that movement is part of inventory management. This is a part of stock management.
What is Inventory management?Field inventory management, often known as inventory management, has the job of comprehending the stock mix of a corporation and the varied demands on that stock.
Businesses may decide which goods to order when and at what amounts by using inventory management. Inventory is monitored from product purchase through the sale. To guarantee there is always adequate inventory to fulfill client orders as well as proper notice of a shortfall, the technique recognizes trends and reacts to them.
Making sure there are enough products or materials on hand to satisfy demand without overproducing inventory is the main goal of inventory management.
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you are preparing for your first presentation at a new job. which strategies can help you combat nervousness about presentations? select all that apply.
Work on transforming your anxiety into enthusiasm. You'll be more successful if you attend other lectures, show up early, settle in, meet people, practice positive visualization, and take deep breaths.
What activities may you engage in to relax before making a presentation?
When you breathe through your stomach muscles instead than your chest, your nervous system is soothed. Take a few deep breaths both before and throughout your presentation, that's what you should do. Greenberg suggests telling yourself "I am" as you inhale and "relaxed" as you exhale.
What vital component of presentation preparation?
The first and most important guideline of presenting your work is to understand your audience. If you can put yourself in their shoes and relate to their requirements, you'll have a much higher chance of producing a persuasive presentation. Be mindful of your audience as you prepare your presentation.
Enthusiasm is extremely animated and powerful when running. Prior to his departure, he consistently displayed talent and zeal as a player. He is genuinely passionate about the subject. He is constantly very enthusiastic. A few frequent words that are used to describe enthusiasm include ardour, fervour, passion, and zeal. Enthusiasm refers to a lively or eager interest in or admiration for a proposal, cause, or activity while all of these words refer to "intense emotion compelling action."
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at december 31, a company determines that depreciation for vehicles is $1,500. the entry to record this adjustment will include a credit to:
A business has determined that vehicles will depreciate by $1,500 on December 31.A credit to vehicles' accumulated depreciation will be included in the entry that records this adjustment.
How is a journal entry for depreciation made?
The most fundamental journal entry for depreciation is a debit to the Depreciation Expense account, which is shown on the income statement, and a credit to the Accumulated Depreciation account, which is shown on the balance sheet as a contra account that lowers the number of fixed assets.
How are depreciation cost and accumulated depreciation recorded?
The expense of depreciation is shown as an expense or debit on the income statement, which lowers net income.On the balance sheet, accumulated depreciation is not recorded separately.Instead, it is recorded as a credit in a contra asset account, lowering the fixed asset value.
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which objectives should a company take into account when establishing its customer service policies? (check all that apply.)
A company should promote ease of doing business, prompt delivery of goods and services, the establishment of customer communication channels that are convenient for customers, and the reliability of the order process.
What is a customer service policies?A customer service policy could be highly advantageous for your company because it establishes the criteria and procedures for providing top-notch customer service. Your policy must be current, thorough, and straightforward to understand and implement.
From various angles, a good customer service policy should be centered on the demands of the customer, which means that it should be able to fulfill those needs and keep up with what the typical consumer expects from a company. The Golden Rule, a traditional pearl of wisdom that reads, "Treat people as you would like to be treated," is truly all that matters when it comes to customer service, despite all the hoopla and commotion around it these days.
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an employee is angry with his boss and wants to sabotage the company. to accomplish this he secretly changes some of the values in his boss's copy of the quarterly report. his boss then reads this false data and makes decisions based on this fraudulent information. in this instance, what quality of information security has been damaged?
In this instance, the quality of information security that has been damaged is Integrity loss.
An employee is angry with his boss and wants to sabotage the company. to accomplish this he secretly changes some of the values in his boss's copy of the quarterly report. his boss then reads this false data and makes decisions based on this fraudulent information. In this instance, the quality of information security that has been damaged is Integrity loss.
Tools and procedures used by companies to safeguard information are covered by information security. This includes setting up security measures to prohibit unauthorized users from accessing sensitive data. Network and infrastructure security, testing, and auditing are just a few of the many topics covered by the expanding and changing field of information security (InfoSec).
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newcastle coal co. owns a warehouse that it is not currently using. it could sell the warehouse for $300,000 or use the warehouse in a new project. should newcastle coal co. include the value of the warehouse as part of the initial investment in the new project?
Yes, because the firm could sell the warehouse if it includes the value of the warehouse as part of the initial investment in the new project.
How do you come up with the initial investment?The sum needed to launch a project or firm is known as the initial investment. It is often referred to as initial outlay or just initial. It equals the after-tax profits from assets sold or made available for use elsewhere plus working capital requirements.
What is capital for the initial investment?Investment in capital refers to spending money to buy, rent, or improve real estate that is utilized to run a business, such as real estate, buildings, equipment, and fixtures. Initial Capital, or "Capital," refers to the funds you first pledged to put toward the Plan.
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you are considering three independent projects. the analysts have done their research and data analytics and have determined the npv of all 3 projects. project a's npv is 2.3 project b's npv is 1 project c's npv is -1
NVP or net present value or net present worth applies to a series of cash flows which is occurring at different intervals of time. The present value of a cash flow depends on the interval of time between now and the cash flow. It also depends on the discount rate. It accounts for the time value of money.
So the higher the NVP or net present value the better the chances of the business flourishing.
With all that said the answer has to be project A which has an NVP of 2.3 as estimated by the analysts and should be the go to business for me to invest.
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what is the present value of a single cash flow of $100,000 to be received in 5 years assuming a 6% rate of return?
The current value of one $100,000 cash flow that will be received over the period of five years, with a 6% return rate is $63,016.96.
What kind of cash flow is this, exactly?
Spending that occurs in the normal course of business is included in cash flow from operations. Payroll, the cost of items sold, rent, and utility bills are a few examples of the these cash outflows. When corporate operations are very seasonal, cash flows might vary greatly.
What does income vs. cash flow mean?
The precise amounts of the an industry's inflows and outflows throughout time are displayed in a cash flow statement. The most typical financial report is the income statement, which displays a profits and actual costs, including noncash accounting, like depreciation over time.
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once a firm expanding internationally has decided which markets to enter, what is the next step in the decision-making process?
After deciding to enter the overseas market, the next critical marketing choice is market selection. The firm chooses one or more countries to operate in based on its current product mix, manufacturing capacity, and anticipated expansion strategy.
What is the market selection?The market selection is defined as a process. This process should result in a prioritized market portfolio; a prioritized list of markets worth investing in and exploring.
The markets' selection should have the growth potential required to meet the revenue targets. Regrettably, the market selection procedure is plagued with difficulties.
Therefore, following the decision to enter the international market, the next key marketing decision is market selection.
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mia breen corp. produces and sells wind-energy-driven engines. to finance its operations, mia breen issued $32,700,000 of 20-year, 6% callable bonds on may 1, 20y5, at their face amount, with interest payable on may 1 and november 1. the fiscal year of the company is the calendar year. journalize the entries to record the following selected transactions. refer to the chart of accounts for exact wording of account titles. 20y5 may1issued the bonds for cash at their face amount. nov.1paid the interest on the bonds. 20y9 nov.1called the bond issue at 96, the rate provided in the bond indenture. (omit entry for payment of interest.)
The Journalize the entries to record the following selected transactions.
A Journal entry is a record of the commercial enterprise transactions inside the accounting books of a enterprise. A well documented journal entry consists of the ideal date, amounts to be debited and credited, description of the transaction and a unique reference wide variety. A journal entry is the first step within the accounting cycle.
journal entry
Date Account title and explanation Debit Credit
May.01 |Cash $3,31,00,000
Year1 Bonds Payable $3,31,00,000
(To record the issuance of bonds)
Nov.01 interest Expense (33100000*2%) $ 6,62,000
earl |Cash $ 6,62,000
(To record the payment of interest)
Date Account title and explanation Debit| Credit
Nov.01 |Bonds Payable $3,31,00,000
Cash (33100000*98%) $3,24,38,000
Year Gain on Retirement of bonds, plug (or 2%) $6,62,000
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a data analyst is working on a project about the global supply chain. they have a dataset with lots of relevant data from europe and asia. however, they decide to generate new data that represents all continents. what type of insufficient data does this scenario describe? 1 point data that's outdated data that keeps updating data from only one source data that's geographically limited
a data analyst is working on a project about the global supply chain. It speaks of information that is inadequate because it is spatially restricted. The dataset should be worldwide if the analytics project has a global focus.
What is Global supply-chain ?Global supply-chain management is the process of distributing goods and services among a transnational corporation's global network in an effort to increase profit and minimize waste. Global supply chain management is essentially the same as supply chain management, but it gives international enterprises and organizations more of a focus.
The six main areas of focus in global supply-chain management are logistics management, customer orientation, competitor orientation, supply-chain coordination, supply management, and operations management. These six areas of specialization can be divided into groups using marketing, logistics, supply management, and operations management.
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what defines the how, what, when, and who regarding the flow of project information to stakeholders and is key for managing expectations?
A communication plan defines the how, what, when, and who regarding the flow of project information to stakeholders and is key for managing expectations.
What is managing expectation?
Setting up expectations at work can help you match your professional aspirations with your skills and foster more reliable working relationships with coworkers and managers. By setting expectations, you can create boundaries, establish goals, and get to know the people you interact with better. Managing expectations at job may be crucial for fostering a happy, productive workplace where you can flourish and develop your skills. In this article, we'll explain why it's crucial to manage expectations at job, how to do it, and highlight some key advice for keeping expectations in check.
It outlines the purpose of communication and the approach that will be used to ensure that stakeholders are informed and updated on project progress. It also defines how project information will be communicated, such as through emails, meetings, or other channels. It also defines who will be responsible for communicating information and when it should be communicated. By having a clear communication plan, stakeholders can understand what to expect from the project and how they can be kept up to date on project progress.
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some new products are introduced and quickly are accepted by the marketplace. other products take years before they spread across society. a product that has a very clear advantage compared to the current products is likely to diffuse across society:
A product that has a very clear advantage compared to the current products is likely to diffuse across society more slowly than a simple product.
What does "Product Life Cycle" mean?
The stages that a product goes through from the time it is launched to the market until it is discontinued are included in the product life cycle. Four stages make up a product life cycle: introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. Many items are still in a stage of extended maturity. In every product life cycle, the product, however, eventually disappears from the market. Numerous causes, including saturation, competition, a decline in demand, and even lower sales, may be to blame for this.
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list, describe and explain each of the elements in the communications mix. what are the strengths and weaknesses of each
The "promotion" component of the communications mix can be seen as having a connection to the 4Ps of marketing. Typically, the communications mix is said to consist of five components: Advertising, direct marketing, personal selling, public relations, and sales promotion are the first five.
One of the most obvious instances of marketing communications is advertising, but it's crucial to understand that marketing and advertising are two distinct concepts. The set of methods and strategies used by a business to market its goods and services is referred to as marketing. According to Andrews and Shimp (2017), "advertising" expressly refers to paid content or materials. While traditionally associated with radio or television advertising, it is increasingly common for internet advertising to also include sponsored content and paid influencers. Advertising is often expensive, but it has the advantage that whoever is paying for it has complete control over the content and substantial control over the communication channel and the target audience.
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the administration of monetary policy in the united states differs in some ways from the administration of other economic policy. classify the descriptions of monetary policy as true of false.
The administration of monetary policy in the United States is unique. These descriptions of monetary policy are:
Monetary policy can be enacted more quickly than fiscal policy (True)The president cannot remove the chairman of the federal reserve if he/she disagrees with monetary policy decisions (False)Relative to other institutions, the federal reserve is subject to a high degree of accountability (False)Monetary policy is determined by congress (False)Monetary policy is determined by the president (False)Congress can remove the chairman of the federal reserve if they disagree with monetary policy decisions (False)Monetary policy in the United States is related to the Federal Reserve's actions and communications to promote maximum employment, stable prices, and moderate long-term interest rate. The congress's instruction regarding the economic goals are the Federal Reserve's target.
The president has limited power when it cocmes to the Federal Reserve and its monetary policy decision. The president's power over the Federal Reserve includes:
The president can appoint and fire the Federal Reserve's chairThe president does appoint the majority of voting officialsThe president is no the sole arbiter of how take those seats on votingThe president can voice his concerns and participate in the conversationHowever the congress has no power to fire the Fed's chair, neither the monetary policy decision. All monetary policy decisions are the Fed's solely right.
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Complete Question:
The administration of monetary policy in the United States differs in some ways from the administration of other economic policy. Classify the descriptions of monetary policy below as true or false:
Monetary policy can be enacted more quickly than fiscal policyThe president cannot remove the chairman of the federal reserve if he/she disagrees with monetary policy decisionsRelative to other institutions, the federal reserve is subject to a high degree of accountabilityMonetary policy is determined by congressMonetary policy is determined by the presidentCongress can remove the chairman of the federal reserve if they disagree with monetary policy decisionsif erin company had net income of $300,000 in 2021 and it experienced a 24.5% increase in net income for 2022, what is its net income for 2022?
Erin company had net income of $300,000 in 2021. In 2022, the net income increased 24.5%. Its net income in 2022 was $373,500
Percentage is a fraction of a hundred. For example,
20% = 20/100
The formula to calculate percentage is:
value/total value x 100%
An increment is usually expressed in percentage. Suppose the current net income is Q and next year the net income will increase by p%, then:
next year net income = :current net income + r % increment
next year net income = :Q + r % x Q
Parameters given:
Q = $300,000
r = 24.5%
Hence,
next year net income = 300,000 + 24.5% x 300,000
next year net income = 300,000 + 73,500
next year net income = 373,500
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question content area indirect labor and indirect materials are classified as a.operating costs and product costs b.operating costs and period costs
Option B is correct.Indirect labor and oblique substances are labeled as manufacturing overhead and product costs.
Is oblique labor an working expense?Indirect labor is regarded an overhead as these charges cannot be assigned to any one challenge or service
Are oblique substances a product cost?Manufacturing overhead: oblique factory-related expenses that are incurred when producing a product. Manufacturing overhead charges include: Indirect material: substances used in the manufacturing method however are no longer at once traceable to the product. Examples encompass glue, oil, tape, cleaning supplies, etc
Salaries paid to non-production employees, such as administrative staff, managers, and other help personnel, are considered oblique labor expenses, which are a duration cost.
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https://brainly.com/question/14697151#SPJ4Karen is buying a new laptop. She is looking for a light-weight computer. The laptop she purchases is a little heavier than she had originally hoped, but she was willing to accept the extra weight for a computer with a bigger, clearer screen. Karen made her purchase decision using a(n) ________.
Karen is buying a new laptop. She is looking for a light-weight computer. The laptop she purchases is a little heavier than she had originally hoped, but she was willing to accept the extra weight for a computer with a bigger, clearer screen.
Karen made her purchase decision using a compensatory decision rule.
In psychology, compensation is a approach whereby one covers up, consciously or unconsciously, weaknesses, frustrations, goals, or feelings of inadequacy or incompetence in a single life area thru the gratification or (drive toward) excellence in some other area. compensation can cowl up both real or imagined deficiencies and personal or bodily inferiority. fantastic compensations may additionally help one to conquer one's problems. then again, bad compensations do not, which ends up in a strengthened feeling of inferiority.
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the sales department at midwest textiles has been together for years, and when they meet their identified objectives, they move on to new ones. which type of group is the sales department considered to be?
The sales department is classified as a functional group.
A company's sales department is in charge of selling its products or services. A sales team works together to make sales, increase profitability, and build and maintain relationships with customers in order to encourage repeat purchases and brand loyalty.
The sales department is a collection of business activities and processes that enable a sales organization to operate effectively, efficiently, and in accordance with business strategies and objectives. The sales department includes business operations, sales, and sales support.
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your goal is to export your analytics data to bigquery so that you can run queries and combine some of your offline data with analytics data. which analytics properties can export data to bigquery?
Standard or Analytics 360 properties using GA4 can be used for analytics properties to export data to big query.
Data are merely a collection of discrete values that can describe amount, quality, fact, statistics, or other fundamental units of meaning, or they can simply be a series of symbols that can be further interpreted in the quest of knowledge. A datum is a specific value contained in a group of data.
The majority of the time, data is arranged into smaller structures, such tables, which give more context and meaning and may also be utilised as data in bigger structures. It's possible to utilise data as variables in a calculation. Data may reflect both actual measures and abstract concepts. Data are employed often in economics, science, and practically every other aspect of human organised activity.
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On december 31 wintergreen, incorporated, issued $150,000 of 7 percent, 10-year bonds at a price of 93. 25.
Cash - $139,875 (debit)
Discount on bonds payable - $10,125 (debit)
Bonds payable - $150,000 (credit)
What's known as cash?Currency or coins are considered legal tender and can be used to pay for goods, settle debts, or exchange services. In some cases, the value of assets that can be quickly converted into cash is also included, as provided by a corporation.
What is the Bonds Payable Discount?The difference between a bond's face value and its issuer's discounted selling price is known as the discount on bonds payable. This occurs when investors must obtain a greater effective interest rate than the bond's advertised interest rate.
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Two kinds of short-term effects of currency movements are transactions risk and _____ risk.
Transaction risk and transformative risk are the two forms of short-term consequences on currency movements.
What are transaction risk and translation risk?Some businesses are exposed to foreign currency risk in the form of both transaction risk and translation risk. Transaction risk arises when exchange rates fluctuate between the time a transaction is made and the time its payment conditions are eventually fulfilled in a foreign currency.
What is short-term currency speculation?Despite the high level of risk involved in the investment, the investor is often more focused on making a profit based on fluctuations in the investment's market value than on long-term investing. Currency speculation is the process of investing speculatively when buying foreign currency is involved.
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Kahn Company's static budget was based on sales volume of 12,000 units. Its flexible budget was based on sales volume of 14,000 units. Based on this information
a. the sales volume variance is expected to be unfavorable.
b. the materials cost volume variance is expected to be favorable.
c. the labor cost volume variance is expected to be unfavorable.
d. None of the answers is correct.
The right answer is C since it is projected that the labor cost volume variance will not be beneficial based on this data.
Why will labor costs have a negative volume variance?When all other variables are held constant, an increase in sales volume will positively affect total sales. The overall variable expenses will rise together with an increase in sales volume, which is a poor condition.
Why is it so important to keep labor costs in check?Rational and purposeful labor cost management will boost output and profit. By closely monitoring labor costs, you might be able to make savings both now and in the future.
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Net vs. Gross. This seems to pop up in many places in accounting. With regard to receivables, please comment on the two methods including how it impacts the balance sheet and income statement; how to correct changes in estimates under each method, and which one results in higher net income. Please be specific and include at least one example to support your conclusions.
The two methods for accounting for receivables are the net method and the gross method.
In order to earn a sales discount, the net technique assumes that every buyer will pay on time. Record the discounted invoice amount in your accounting journal at the time of a sale. To increase the accounts receivable account by the amount you anticipate receiving, debit the discounted invoice amount.
In contrast to the net approach, the gross method records an invoice at its full price regardless of any offered cash discounts. To put it another way, the gross technique makes the assumption that the consumer won't benefit from the cash or early payment incentive.
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