The following options correctly express the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure is C. The gas increase in volume because the particles increase in size
Charles' law is a law that studies the behavior of gases in chemistry, such as how temperature affects the volume of a gas under constant pressure. Charles's law describes empirical relationships in the form of special cases of the general gas law and can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases assuming an ideal gas.
According to Charles' law, if a gas is contained in a closed chamber with constant mass and constant pressure, then its volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. So when the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the constant temperature, when the temperature of the gas increases, the volume will also increase.
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true/false. carbon dioxide produced by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid and potassium hydrogen carbonate is moist whereas that produced by heating potassium hydrogen carbonate is dry what would be the difference in the composition of carbon dioxide in the two cases question mark state the associated law
In all scenarios, the oxygen and carbon will mix at the same ratio of 1:2, making up the same amount of C02. The law of represents the quantity is related.
Does carbon dioxide pose a threat to people?Numerous health impacts from CO2 exposure might be experienced. These symptoms can include a coma, hypoxia, convulsions, sweating, a tingling or pins-and-needles sensation, headaches, disorientation, unrest, a tingling or pins-and-needles feeling, and difficulty breathing.
What is carbon dioxide's function?The most significant greenhouse gas on Earth is carbon dioxide, which both absorbs and distributes heat. In contrast to oxygen and nitrogen, which together make up the majority of our atmosphere, greenhouse gases take in heat emitted from the Planet's surface and re-emit it in all directions, especially back to towards the planet's surface.
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Determine the oxidation state of the transition metal in each of these coordination compounds:
{eq}a) \ [CoBr(NH_3)_5]Br\\ b) \ [PtCl(CO)_3]Cl_3\\ c) \ Na_2[CuCl_4(H_2O)_2] {/eq}
The oxidation state of the transition metal in the coordination compounds is as follows :
a) [CoBr(NH₃)₅]Br is +2
b) [PtCl(CO)₃]Cl₃ is + 4
c) Na₂[CuCl₄(H₂O)₂] is +2
a) [CoBr(NH₃)₅]Br
Charge on Br = -1
Charge on NH₃ = 0
The oxidation state of Cobalt is :
Co - 1 - 1 = 0
Co = + 2
b) [PtCl(CO)₃]Cl₃
The Charge on Cl = -1
The Charge on CO = 0
The oxidation state of platinum is :
Pt - 1 - 3 = 0
Pt = + 4
c) Na₂[CuCl₄(H₂O)₂]
The charge on Na = + 1
The charge on Cl = - 1
The oxidation state of Copper is :
2 + Cu - 4 = 0
Cu = + 2
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How many moles are found in 133g of Mg3N2? Please show work!
Answer:
Magnesium nitride contains 3 magnesium cations and 2 nitride anions . This means that one mole of magnesium nitride will contain 3 mole of magnesium cations and 2 moles of nitride anions.
which of the following elements will have s and p orbitals
he
li
ca
o
The compound diborane (B₂H6) was at one
time considered for use as a rocket fuel. Its
combustion reaction is
B₂H6(g) + 3 O2(l) → 2 HBO2(g) + 2 H₂O(l)
The fact that HBO2, a reactive compound,
was produced rather than the relatively inert
B203 was a factor in the discontinuation of
the investigation of the diborane as a fuel.
What mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) would be
needed to burn 190.3 g of B₂H6?
Answer in units of g. Answer in units of g.
the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) that would be needed to burn 190.3 g of B2H6 is approximately 332.9 g.
Finding the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX)
The mass of B2H6 is given as 190.3 g, and the molar mass of B2H6 is 27.66964 g/mol.
So using this molar mass, we can find the number of moles of B2H6 using the following calculation:
190.3 g / 27.66964 g/mol = 6.918 moles of B2H6
Now we use the balanced equation to find the number of moles of O2 that are needed.
B2H6(g) + 3 O2(l) → 2 HBO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)
The coefficient of O2 on the reactant side is 3, so for every 3 moles of O2 consumed, 2 moles of B2H6 are consumed.
Therefore, we can use the following conversion factors to find the moles of O2 needed:
6.918 moles B2H6 x 3 moles O2/2 moles B2H6 = 10.377 moles O2
To find the mass of O2 that is needed, we will use the molar mass of O2 which is 32 g/mol
10.377 moles O2 x 32 g/mol = 332.9 g O2
So the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) that would be needed to burn 190.3 g of B2H6 is approximately 332.9 g.
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the value of the equilibrium constant k is a measure of how far the reaction proceeds toward the products at a given temperature. a small value of k indicates that the reaction favors the , whereas a large value of k indicates that the will be present in a higher proportion. multiple choice question.
The fill in the blanks is as follows :
a) Reactants
b) Products
The value of the equilibrium constant k is the measure of how far will the reaction proceeds toward produce the products at a temperature.
a) A small value of k indicates that the reaction will favors the reactants.
b) Whereas a large value of k indicates that the "product" will be present in the higher proportion.
The equilibrium reaction is the state of the reaction where the rate of the forward reaction is equals to the rate of the backward reaction. The rate of the forward reaction is equals to the rate of the backward reaction.
This question is incomplete , the complete question is :
The value of the equilibrium constant k is a measure of how far the reaction proceeds toward the products at a given temperature. a small value of k indicates that the reaction favors the , whereas a large value of k indicates that the will be present in a higher proportion. multiple choice question.
a) Reactant
b) Product
c) Both reactant and product
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A solution prepared by dissolving 342 mg of a sugar (a molecular compound and a nonelectrolyte) in 1.00 g of water froze at -1.86°C. What is the molar mass of this sugar? The value of Kf is 1.86°C/m.
The molar mass of the sugar according to freezing point depression is 342 g.
What is molar mass?Molar mass of a compound or a molecule is defined as the mass of the elements which are present in it.The molar mass is considered to be a bulk quantity not a molecular quantity. It is often an average of the of the masses at many instances.
The molecular mass and formula mass are used as synonym for the molar mass.It does not depend on the amount of substance which is present in the sample.It has units of gram/mole.
The freezing point depression is related to molar mass as ΔTf= Kf×mass/molar mass×1/mass of solvent in kg .On substitution,molar mass=1.86×342/1.86=342 g.
Thus, the molar mass of sugar is 342 g.
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The complete orbital notation diagram of an atom is shown.
Seven squares are shown aligned horizontally. Inside the first square from the left is shown one upwards pointing arrow and one downwards pointing arrow. In the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth squares is a pair each of upwards and downwards pointing arrows. The seventh square has a single upwards pointing arrow.
Based on the diagram, what values can be assigned to the magnetic quantum number for the electrons in the atom? What information does this quantum number provide about the location of the electron?
In the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth squares, there is a pair each of upward and downward-pointing arrows, so the magnetic quantum number is -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3.
What is the significance of the magnetic quantum number?The magnetic quantum number, which ranges from -l to +l, provides information about the orientation of the electron's orbital, which is the angular momentum of the electron, and is important as it can be used to specify the exact spatial orientation of an electron's orbital.
Hence, in the second, third, fourth, fifth, and sixth squares, there is a pair each of upward and downward-pointing arrows, so the magnetic quantum number is -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, and 3.
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If an asteroid created enough dust to block out the Sun, what would be the effect on green plants, as well as other life on Earth? Why?
If an asteroid created enough dust to block out the Sun, it would likely have a severe and devastating effect on life on Earth.
Green plants, which rely on sunlight for photosynthesis, would not be able to produce the energy they need to survive, leading to mass die-offs of vegetation. This would in turn have a cascading effect on the entire ecosystem, as animals that depend on plants for food would also struggle to survive. The lack of sunlight would also cause a decrease in temperature, which can have a negative impact on many organisms.
The lack of sunlight would also have a severe impact on the climate and weather patterns, leading to a "nuclear winter" scenario, where the temperature drops significantly, leading to the extinction of many species, including the human species, who rely on the food chain.
For a single substance at atmospheric pressure, classify the following as describing a spontaneous process, a nonspontaneous process, or an equilibrium system.
Drag the appropriate items to their respective bins.
Bins: Spontaneous Process, Nonspontaneous process, and Equilibrium System
1) solid melting below its melting point
2) liquid vaporizing below its boiling point
3) gas condensing below its condensation point
4) solid and liquid together at the melting point with no net freezing or melting
5) liquid vaporizing above its boiling point
6) gas condensing above its condensation point
7) liquid freezing above its freezing point
8) solid melting above its melting point
9) liquid freezing below its freezing point
10) liquid and gas together at the boiling point with no net condensation or vaporization
The matching is as follows:
solid melting below its melting point → nonspontaneous processliquid vaporizing below its boiling point → spontaneous processgas condensing below its condensation point → spontaneous processsolid and liquid together at the melting point with no net freezing or melting → Equilibrium systemliquid vaporizing above its boiling point → spontaneous processgas condensing above its condensation point → spontaneous processliquid freezing above its freezing point → nonspontaneous processsolid melting above its melting point → spontaneous processliquid freezing below its freezing point → spontaneous processliquid and gas together at the boiling point with no net condensation or vaporization → Equilibrium systemSpontaneous processes are processes that occur within the system itself as soon as it is started, no work is needed from outside the system (external work) for the process to continue. On the other hand, nonspontaneous processes will not occur unless external work is continuously applied
The statement above shows that the process that occurs spontaneously occurs in one direction (irreversible). Meanwhile, non-spontaneous reactions occur in the opposite direction (reversible).
It can be said to be in equilibrium, if the rate of the reaction to the right is equal to the rate. The reaction is to the left, so that the ratio of the concentrations of the reactants and products remains the same.
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Which statement is the scientific rationale for prescribing and administering donepezil (Aricept), a cholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Aricept works to bind the dopamine at neuron receptor sites to increase ability.
B. Aricept increases the availability of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses.
C. Aricept decrease acetylcholine in the periphery to increase movement.
D. Aricept delays transmission of acetylcholine at the neuronal junction.
The scientific basis for prescribing and giving donepezil (Antidepressants), a cholinesterase inhibitor, is that it enhances the accessibility of acetylcholine through cholinergic synapses.
A cholinesterase inhibitor's function is what?The degradation of acetylcholine is slowed down by cholinesterase inhibitors. They use it to treat dementia, including signs of Alzheimer's. This activity discusses the many applications of alkylating drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as well as their recommendations, modes of action, and restrictions.
What are the three cholinesterase inhibitors?Galantamine as well as rivastigmine are two of the three antidepressants that have been approved for the management of cognition brought on by Parkinson disease. They are thought to work by compensating for reduced cholinergic synaptic transmission, which is another feature of VCI.
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I need help on 9, 10, 11, and 12
The limiting reactant and excess reactant can be determined by a concept known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
The limiting reactant and excess reactantLimiting Reactant: H2O, Excess Reactant: O2Limiting Reactant: Mg(OH)2, Excess Reactant: HCILimiting Reactant: Fe2O3, Excess Reactant: ZnLimiting Reactant: CuSO4, Excess Reactant: AgNO3This law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the amount of each reactant must be equal to the amount of each product. By looking at the chemical equation and the amount of each reactant, the limiting reactant is the one that is used up first and therefore determines the amount of products that can be made. The excess reactant is the one that is left over once the limiting reactant has been exhausted. For example, in problem 9, the equation is 2H2O + O2 →→ 2H2O2 and the amounts are 5 mol H2O and 15 mol O2. Since oxygen is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and hydrogen is the excess reactant. In problem 10, the equation is Mg(OH)2 + 2HCI→→ MgCl2 + 2H2O and the amounts are 6 mol Mg(OH)2 and 20 mol HCI.Since magnesium is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and hydrochloric acid is the excess reactant. In problem 11, the equation is 3Zn + Fe2O3→ 3ZnO + 2Fe and the amounts are 4 mol Zn and 2 mol Fe2O3. Since zinc is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and iron oxide is the excess reactant. In problem 12, the equation is CuSO4 + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag₂SO4 and the amounts are 13 mol CuSO4 and 22 mol AgNO3. Since copper sulfate is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and silver nitrate is the excess reactant.To learn more about The limiting reactant and excess reactant refer to:
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Which of these is an example of a chemical property?
A. Gasoline ignites in an engine.
B. Hydrogen peroxide has a sharp odor.
C. Copper can be formed into wires.
D. Sodium metal is soft and malleable.
Answer:
A. Gasoline ignites in an engine.
according to nebular theory, the progression from planetesimal to full-fledged planet is propelled mainly by which of the following? A.nuclear fusion B.gravity C.heat D.nucleosynthesis
The fundamental driving force behind the transition of planetesimal to full-fledged planets is gravity.
How far away from nuclear fusion are we?The quest has advanced significantly, but there is still plenty to do. It will need more time and money to develop an industrial fusion reactor, which is still several decades away. Fusion isn't always the sustainable technology of the future; that will be solar, wind, plus nuclear fission. However, it is the technology of the future.
Can the sun continue to undergo nuclear fusion?When light elements as hydrogen combine to create atoms like helium, nuclear fusion takes place. The Sun will run out of hydrogen in its core and lack sufficient material for nuclear fusion in around 5 billion years.
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draw the structure of the product of this reaction. use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. if there are alternative structures, draw the most stable one. if no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material.
The E2 elimination reaction of cyclo-alkylhalides are usually stereo selective. Usually trans isomer reacts slowly than cis-isomer. So the elimination reaction in an alkaline potassium hydroxide medium will be 1-methyl cyclohexene.
The reason behind stereo selectivity is because pf the spatial orientation of the substituents on the ring structure. For cyclic compounds this has a great influence to direct a reaction in Regio-selectivity. The transition state between the reactant and product influence in the rate of elimination reaction.
Here the major elimination product is 1-methyl cyclohexene and a minor amount of 3-methyl cyclohexene is also produced.
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(The question is not complete. The complete question is given as an image)
rank the electrophilicity of the center carbons from most to least electrophilic of the below molecules and explain your answer
The electrophilicity of atom, ion and the molecule property to accept the electron. The order of electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon is :
RCHO > R₂CO > RCO₂R'
The electrophiles are the species that are electron deficient. The electrophiles are attracted towards the electron rich center. For the carbocations the α carbons of the carbonyls, or the atoms with lots of electron withdrawing groups are the great electrophiles. The electrophiles are the species which makes the bond with the nucleophiles. The electrophiles species that have an atom with the charge +. The aldehyde towards nucleophilic reactions are more reactive than the ketones due to the steric hindrance.
The presence of the two substituents in the ketones hinders. The reason for the ester is same that is due to steric .
Thus, the electrophiles are the electron deficient and are attracted to the electron rich center.
The question is incomplete , the complete question is :
Rank the electrophilicity of the center carbons from most to least electrophilic of the below molecules and explain your answer.
a) RCHO
b) R₂CO
c) RCO₂R'
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2 Na + O2 --> Na2O2
If you have 5 moles of O2 then how many moles of Na are needed? Enter the number with no units needed.
Please hurry!! So many pts given WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!
Answer: 10 moles of Na are needed to react with 5 moles of O2 in the reaction 2 Na + O2 → Na2O2.
The compound diborane (B₂H6) was at one
time considered for use as a rocket fuel. Its
combustion reaction is
B2H6(g) + 3 O2(l) → 2 HBO2(g) + 2 H₂O(l)
The fact that HBO2, a reactive compound,
was produced rather than the relatively inert
B₂O3 was a factor in the discontinuation of
the investigation of the diborane as a fuel.
What mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) would be
needed to burn 190.3 g of B₂H6?
Answer in units of g. Answer in units of g.
Answer:
1583.76 g O2
Explanation:
For every one molecule of B2H6 that reacts, 3 molecules of O2 are needed. To determine the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) needed to burn 190.3 g of B2H6, use the balanced equation as a conversion factor.
1 mole of B2H6 = 28.02 g
1 mole of O2 = 32 g
Using the balanced equation above, you know that for every 1 mole of B2H6, 3 moles of O2 are needed.
Therefore, the mass of O2 needed for 190.3 g of B2H6 is:
190.3 g B2H6 * (3 moles O2 / 1 mole B2H6) * (32 g O2 / 1 mole O2) = 1583.76 g O2
in which of the following systems is(are) work done by the surroundings on the system? assume pressure and temperature are constant.
a. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3 (g)
b. CO2 (s)→ CO2(g)
c. 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) → 4NO2 (g) + 6H2O(g)
d. N2O4 (g) → 2NO2(g)
e. CaCO3 (s) → CaCO (s) + CO2(g)
The systems that work done by the surroundings on the system are CO₂ (s)→ CO₂(g) and CaCO₃ (s) → CaCO (s) + CO₂(g). The correct answer is b and e.
When a system transitions from one state (one set of values for its physical attributes) to another state, a process known as the thermodynamic process takes place. When all of the system's macroscopic physical properties regain their original values, the system is said to have returned to its initial state. If the system is doing the job, it has a negative sign.
W = ΔP V is the formula for determining work given pressure (P) and volume (ΔV) changes.
W= negative for any work done by the system on the environment.
ΔV must be a positive number.
When a system transitions from a lower active state, such as solid to liquid, solid to gas, or liquid to gas, V is positive.
As a result, choices (B) and (E) are suitable responses.
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A bag of potato chips is sealed in a factory near seal level. The atmospheric pressure at the factory is 761.3 mm Hg. The pressure inside the bag is the same. What is the pressure inside the bag of potato chip in kPa? kPa (ROUND TO THE NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER WHEN TYPING YOUR ANSWER.)
50 points
To convert the pressure inside the bag from mm Hg to kPa, we can use the conversion factor:
1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg
So, we can divide the pressure in mm Hg by 7.5:
761.3 mm Hg / 7.5 = 101.5 kPa
So, the pressure inside the bag of potato chips is approximately 101.5 kPa.
It is important to note that the conversion factor of 1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg, is an approximation and it can vary depending on the temperature and altitude.
Therefore, the pressure inside the bag of potato chip in kPa is 101 kPa (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Why is it unreasonable for you to be asked to obtain a sample of 3.01 x 1023 copper atoms in an experiment?
One mole of copper contains 6.02 × 10²³ Cu atoms or formula units. Hence, 3.01 × 10²³copper atoms is half mole of copper.
What is one mole ?One mole of a substance is its amount containing 6.02 × 10²³ atoms or molecules. This number is called Avogadro number. One mole of every elements contains Avogadro number of atoms.
Similarly one mole of every compound contains 6.02 × 10²³ molecules. The mass of one mole of compound is called its molar mass.
Cu is 29th element in periodic table. Cu is a transition metal. One mole of Cu contains 6.02 × 10²³Cu atoms .
Hence number of moles of 3.01 × 10²³copper atoms is:
3.01 × 10²³/ 6.02 × 10²³ = 0.5 moles .
0.5 moles of copper is taken in this experiment. Thus, we have to weigh the sample accordingly.
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FILL IN THE BLANK question at position 1 at physiological ph, the carboxylic acid group of an amino acid will be _____ , while the amino group will be ____, yielding the zwitterion form.
At position 1 at physiological ph, the carboxylic acid group of an amino acid will be deprotonated , while the amino group will be protonated yielding the zwitterion form.
Because the amine group of such an amino acid has an extremely high pKa, it will tend to attach a proton and become positively charged at physiological pH (about 7). Similarly, because the acid group seems to have a relatively low pKa, this would tend to transfer its proton towards water around pH 7, appearing negatively charged.
The side chain, amino group, as well as carboxyl backbone would each be protonated (+1 net charge) at a pH less than 2.2 (acidic circumstances). Each of these groups would just be deprotonated at such a pH greater than 9.7 (basic circumstances) (negative 2 net charge).
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given that the molecular weight of naturally occurring oxygen is 15.99938 amu, and the following table, compute the molecular weights of
The natural abundance of 36Ar is 0.337%, and its molecular weight is 35.96755 amu. The natural abundance of 38Ar is 0.063%, and its molecular weight is 37.96272 amu. The natural abundance of 40Ar is
The total atomic weight of every atom in a substance's molecule is that substance's molecular weight. Common units of measurement include atomic mass units (amu) and daltons (Da). The number of atoms of each element present in a molecule is multiplied by the atomic weight of that element, and the sum of all these values is used to determine the substance's molecular weight. An essential physical characteristic that may be utilised to identify a material and forecast how it will behave in chemical reactions is its molecular weight. The molar concentration of a solution is calculated, the amount of a drug contained in a sample is determined, and many more practical applications are also employed.
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A rocket travels in a straight line at a speed of 5000 m/s. After 1 min, it is 10,000 m/s. What is the rocket's acceleration?
A rocket travels in a straight line at a speed of 5000 m/s. After 1 min, it is 10,000 m/s. 83.33ms⁻² is the rocket's acceleration.
What is an acceleration ?The rate of change of velocity is defined as acceleration. Acceleration usually indicates that the speed is changing, but this is not always the case. When an object moves in a circular path at a constant speed, it is still accelerating because its velocity direction changes.
Vf = Vo + at
Vf = Final velocity
Vo = Initial Velocity
a = acceleration
t = time required
Making "a" the subject
a = Vf - Vo/(t)
a = 10,000–5,000/(60)
a = 5,000/60
a = 83.33ms⁻²
Thus, 83.33ms⁻² is the rocket's acceleration.
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2. a) An isotope Q has mass number of 34 and 18 neutrons 1. Draw the atomic structure of Q (2mks) a drawing of the atomic structure
The atomic number of Q is 16, since the number of protons in an atom is equal to its atomic number.
What do you mean by atomic number?
The atomic number of an element is basically the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. It is unique for each element and is used to identify and distinguish one element from another. The atomic number is also equal to the number of electrons in a neutral atom of that element.
The atomic number of an atom is determined by the number of protons in the nucleus. Protons have a positive charge, and since an atom has no net charge, the number of protons in an atom must be balanced by an equal number of electrons. The number of protons in an atom is unique to each element, so it is used to identify the element and is referred to as its atomic number. Since Q has 16 protons, its atomic number is 16.
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which of the following is the net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid?
The net ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride and hydrochloric acid is H+(aq) + F- (aq) → HF (g)
The Net Ionic Equation for the Reaction between Aqueous Sodium Fluoride and Hydrochloric AcidThe ions in an aqueous solution that are created when chemicals are dissociated are represented by the ionic reaction equation. The cations and anions dissociating from the appropriate molecule or chemical is how the ionic reaction is demonstrated.
The ionic equation for the reaction between aqueous sodium fluoride (NaF) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) is:
NaF(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) +HF(g)
Another way to write it is,
Net ionic equation: H+(aq) + F- (aq) → HF (g)
This is a neutralization reaction, in which an acid (HCl) and a base (NaF) react to form a salt (NaCl) and water (HF). In this case, the hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydrochloric acid reacts with the fluoride ion (F) from the sodium fluoride to form hydrogen fluoride gas (HF), and the sodium and chloride ions remain in solution as the salt sodium chloride (NaCl).
So, the net ionic equation is H+(aq) + F- (aq) → HF (g).
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SiI4 + Mg --->
1pt : Type of Reaction
1pt : Balanced Equation
2pts : Correct Products
Consider the composition. information from the SDS. What is a possible name of this compound?
A. Glycine
B. Glycogen
C. Glycerol
The compound that we have in the SDS is glycerol.
What is the SDS?We know that the SDS is the acronym that stands for the safety data sheet. This is the kind of sheet that tells us about the properties of a substance and any other safety information that we might need.
From the information, we can see that compound is not flammable and that it does not vaporize quite easily thus it is quite safe and this would correspond to glycerol. This corresponds to the safety data sheet that we have.
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The free-energy change, ΔG, for the chemical reaction A → B is 0 kcal/mole at 37°C when the concentrations of A and B are 10 M and 0.1 M, respectively. What is the free-energy change for the reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively?
The free energy change for the same reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively, is -2.501 kJ/mol.
The free energy change, ΔG, for the chemical reaction A → B is determined by the equation ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and K is the equilibrium constant.
Because the temperature of the reaction is held constant, the ΔG will remain the same no matter what the concentrations of A and B are.
To calculate the free energy change for the reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively, we need to calculate the new equilibrium constant, K.
K is equal to the product of the concentrations divided by the reactants. For this reaction, K = (1 M)(0.01 M)/(10 M) = 0.001.
Plugging this value of K into the equation for ΔG,we get
ΔG = -RT ln(K) = -(8.314 J/K mol)(310 K) ln(0.001) = -2.501 kJ/mol.
This is the free energy change for the reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively.
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g match each toxic material with its most dangerous property. group of answer choices bromine [ choose ] mercury [ choose ] strong bases [ choose ] formaldehyde [ choose ] cyclic ethers [ choose ]
Toxic material with its most dangerous property:
bromine: corrosive
mercury: neurotoxicity
strong bases: severe skin and eye irritation/burns
formaldehyde: carcinogenicity
cyclic ethers: central nervous system depression.
Bromine is a toxic material that is highly corrosive, which means it can cause damage to the skin and eyes, as well as damage to internal organs if ingested.
Mercury is a toxic metal that is highly neurotoxic, meaning it can damage the nervous system and cause neurological symptoms such as tremors, memory loss, and difficulty walking.
Strong bases, such as lye, can cause severe skin and eye irritation and burns, and can also cause damage to internal organs if ingested.
Formaldehyde is a toxic chemical that is classified as a carcinogen, meaning it has the potential to cause cancer.
Cyclic ethers are a group of chemicals that are known to cause central nervous system depression, which can lead to symptoms such as drowsiness, confusion, and unconsciousness.
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